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Notebook 5

The document defines key terminology used in digital radiography, including pixel, dynamic range, bit, byte, bit depth, and matrix. It then summarizes three main methods of indirect x-ray capture: using a scintillator material to convert photons to light, which is then converted to an electrical signal; a CCD chip that converts light to an electrical charge; and a CMOS sensor that stores light in capacitors and converts voltage. Direct capture is also summarized, where x-ray photons are directly absorbed and converted to electrons measured by thin film transistors in each pixel.

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76 views

Notebook 5

The document defines key terminology used in digital radiography, including pixel, dynamic range, bit, byte, bit depth, and matrix. It then summarizes three main methods of indirect x-ray capture: using a scintillator material to convert photons to light, which is then converted to an electrical signal; a CCD chip that converts light to an electrical charge; and a CMOS sensor that stores light in capacitors and converts voltage. Direct capture is also summarized, where x-ray photons are directly absorbed and converted to electrons measured by thin film transistors in each pixel.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Notebook5 SammyPuccini

Terminology
Pixel: smallest element of a digital image
Dynamic range: ability to respond to varying levels of
exposure
Bit: each binary number
Byte: 8 bits, memory needed to store one alphanumeric
character
Bit depth: number of shades of gray, bits stored per pixel
Matrix: square arrangement of numbers in columns and
rows
Exposure latitude: how much material can be under or
overexposed and still give a usable image
Indirect capture:
Cesium iodide scintillator material
Scintillator phosphor layer converts remnant photons to
produce light.
Light emitted interacts with amorphous silicon, which
converts light into electrons that move to thin film
transistors (photosensitive array of small pixels)
TFT produces an electrical signal or charge to the image
processor- ADC analog to digital converter, which assigns it a
binary number

CCD: photoconductor that converts light to electrical charge.


After x-ray interaction, light photons are given off which
strike the CCD silicon chip which gives off an electrical
charge, electrical signal is sent to ADC which creates the
binary code needed to create the image
Gadolinium oxysulfide or cesium iodide.
Light produced must be coupled with optics to the CCD
chip

CMOS: indirect scintillator, light emitted is stored in


capacitors, each del/pixel has an amplifier which turns
voltage on and off. The voltage is converted by an ADC

Direct:
Directly convert x-ray photons to an electrical digital signal
Remnant photons absorbed by a photoconductor
(amorphous selenium), which converts remnant beam
directly to electrons, electrons are then captured by the TFT,
which is made of small pixels or detector elements

TFT: Thin film transistor; flat-panel amorphous silicon and


amorphous selenium
Each pixel contains a photodiode that absorbs electrons and
generates electrical charges

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