Scribd
Upload
231 views

For Transformer Differential

The document discusses the current transformer (CT) requirements and burdens for MiCOM P642-P645 relays used for transformer, reactor, motor and short line protection. It provides tables showing the CT and voltage transformer burdens are low, under 0.2VA and 0.06VA respectively. It also gives equations to calculate the required CT knee point voltage based on burden and loop impedance. Test results showed the required CT dimensioning factor K increases with fault current and X/R ratio to achieve operating times below 35ms and through fault stability.

Uploaded by

Vishnu Shanker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
231 views

For Transformer Differential

The document discusses the current transformer (CT) requirements and burdens for MiCOM P642-P645 relays used for transformer, reactor, motor and short line protection. It provides tables showing the CT and voltage transformer burdens are low, under 0.2VA and 0.06VA respectively. It also gives equations to calculate the required CT knee point voltage based on burden and loop impedance. Test results showed the required CT dimensioning factor K increases with fault current and X/R ratio to achieve operating times below 35ms and through fault stability.

Uploaded by

Vishnu Shanker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/D11

Burdens & CT Req. of MiCOM Relays (AP) -59

Note:: The diagram is the result of investigations which were carried out for
impedance ratios in the range of 5 to 120 and for fault currents in the range
of 0.5 to 40 In.

8.2 P642 P645


The P64x incorporates differential, REF, thermal, and overfluxing protection, plus backup
protection for un-cleared external faults. It offers fast and reliable protection for
transformers, reactors, motors and short interconnectors.

8.2.1 Burdens
CT Input In CT Burden
Phase 1A < 0.2 VA
Earth 1A < 0.2 VA
Phase 5A < 0.2 VA
Earth 5A < 0.2 VA
Table 112: Current circuit for P642 P645

Vn VT Burden
100 - 120V < 0.06 VA at 110 V
Table 113: Voltage circuit for P642 P645

Relay Case Size Minimum*


P642 40TE 11 W or 24 VA
P643/5 60TE NA
P645 80TE NA
Table 114: Auxiliary supply for P642 P645

* Typical minimum burden at 220V dc with no opto-inputs or output contacts


energized.

Additional Burden Energizing Voltage Burden


Per energized opto-input 24 to 54 V 0.09 W
Per energized opto-input 110 to 125 V 0.12 W
Per energized opto-input 220 to 250 V 0.19 W
Per energized output relay - 0.13 W
Table 115: Additional burdens on auxiliary supply for P642 P645

8.2.2 Current Transformer requirements


IEC 60044-1 accuracy class 5P or equivalent

8.2.3 Protection

8.2.3.1 Differential protection


For accuracy, class X or class 5P current transformers (CT) are strongly recommended.
The current transformer knee-point voltage requirements are based on the following settings:

Parameter Description Value


Transformer differential protection
Minimum differential threshold of the low set
Is1 0.2 pu
differential characteristic
Bias current threshold for the second slope of the
Is2 1 pu
low set differential characteristic
Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/D11

Burdens & CT Req. of MiCOM Relays (AP) -60

Parameter Description Value


First slope setting of the low set differential
K1 20%
characteristic
Second slope setting of the low set differential
K2 80%
characteristic
Is-HS1 High set element one setting 10 pu
Is-HS2 High set element two setting 32 pu
Ih(2)%> Second harmonic blocking threshold 15%
If enabled the low set element trip is blocked in all
Cross blocking three phases when the ratio of second harmonic to Disabled
fundamental is above Ih(2)%> in any of the phases.
5th harmonic
Fifth harmonic blocking threshold Disabled
blocking
Table 116: Conditions for P642 P645 calculations

A series of internal and external faults were performed to determine the CT requirements for
the differential function. These tests were performed under different X/R ratios, CT burdens,
fault currents, fault types and point on wave. The CT requirements are determined either by
the operating time for internal faults (35msec in the P64x) or by through fault stability,
whichever requires the highest K dimensioning factor. The K factors were calculated for
internal and external faults.
The following equation shows that the knee point voltage (VK) is directly proportional to the
CT burden (RCT) and to the loop burden (2RL). K is the CT dimensioning factor calculated
using the equation below and the CT requirements test results.

Vk kI n (Rct + 2 Rl + Rr )
To achieve through fault stability and operating times 35msec, the K dimensioning factor
must comply with the following expressions:

System conditions K (CT dimensioning factor)

If 5
X X
X K = 0.04 I f + 24.25 + 0.06 + 177
5 < 40 R R
R
If 5
X K = 12 I f + 16
40 < 120
R
5 < I f 10
X X
X K = 0.14 I f 15 + 0.44 + 202.5
5 < 40 R R
R
5 < I f 10
X K = 7.38I f + 112
40 120
R

You might also like