3.

1SystemDynamicsTool:
STELLAVersion9Tutorial1

IntroductiontoComputationalScience:
ModelingandSimulationfortheSciences

AngelaB.ShifletandGeorgeW.Shiflet
WoffordCollege
2006byPrincetonUniversityPress

Introduction

WecanusethesoftwareSTELLAfromiseesystems(http://www.iseesystems.com/)to
modeldynamicsystems.Dynamicsystemsareusuallyverycomplex,havingmany
componentswithinvolvedrelationships.Forexample,wecanuseSTELLAtomodelthe
competitionamongdifferentspeciesforlimitedresourcesorthechemicalreactionsof
enzymekinetics.
Tounderstandthematerialofthistutorialsufficiently,werecommendthatyoudo
everythingthatisrequested.Whileworkingthroughthetutorial,answerQuickReview
Questionsinaseparatedocument.
InthefirsttutorialonSTELLA,weconsideranexampleonunconstrainedgrowth.
Inthisexample,therateofchangeofthepopulationisequalto10%ofthenumberof
individualsinthepopulation,andtheinitialpopulationis100individuals.Thus,wehave
thefollowingdifferentialequation,orequationinvolvingaderivative:

dP
= 0.1P, P0 = 100
dt

Startrunningthesoftware,perhapsbydoubleclickingtheSTELLAicon( ).A
windowintheMapLevelappearsasinFigure3.1.1.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 2

Figure3.1.1 MapLevel

ByclickingtheModelTabontheleft,gototheModelLevel,inwhichwecanto
enterequationsandconstants(seeFigure3.1.2).

Figure3.1.2 ModelLevel
STELLAv9Tutorial1 3

Themostimportanticonsforbuildingamodelappearonthetopleftofthislevel's
windowandareinTable3.1.1.Wedescribethemeaningofeachofthesebuilding
blocksinthefollowingsections.

Table3.1.1 BasicbuildingblocksofSTELLA

BuildingBlock Icon Meaning

Stock noun,somethingthataccumulates
Flow verb,activitythatchangesmagnitudeofstock
Converter converts,storesequationorconstant,doesnotaccumulate
Connector transmitsinputsandinformation

Stock

InSTELLAterminology,astockisanounandrepresentssomethingthataccumulates.
Someexamplesofstocksarepopulation,radioactivity,enzymeconcentration,self
esteem,andmoney.Atanyinstant,themagnitudesofthestocksgiveusasnapshotof
thesystem.Themostcommontypeofstockisareservoir,whichaplainrectangle
represents.

QuickReviewQuestion1 InSTELLA,clickontherectangularstockicon.Without
holdingdownthemousebutton,movethecursortowardsthetopmiddleofthe
window.Whatistheshapeofthecursor?

Clickinthewindowtoinsertastockobject.Withoutclickingagain,typethename
ofthestock,population.Ifthestockhasbecomeunselected,clickonceonthestockand
starttypingtochangethename.ThecontentsofthewindowshouldbeasinFigure
3.1.3.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 4

Figure3.1.3 Contentsofwindowafterinsertionofstockcalledpopulation

QuickReviewQuestion2 Clickonthestock'sname,population,andattempttodrag
thenamearoundthescreen.Describewherethenamecanbedragged.

UndertheFilemenu,selectSave(orctrlsonaPCorcommandsonaMacintosh)
tosaveyourworkonadisk.Useameaningfulnameforthefile,suchas
STELLATutorial1.Saveyourworkfrequently.Thus,ifthereisapowerinterruption,
youwillnotlosemuchofyourwork.Also,sometimesifyoumakeamistake,itiseasier
toclosethefilewithoutsavingandopentherecentlysavedversion.

Flow

WhileastockisanouninthelanguageofSTELLA,aflowisaverb.Aflowisan
activitythatchangesthemagnitudeofastock.Someexamplesofsuchactivitiesare
birthsinapopulation,decayofradioactivity,formationofanenzyme,improvementof
selfesteem,andgrowthofmoney.Theflowiconrepresentsadirectedpipewithaspigot
andflowregulator.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 5

Clickontheflowicon.Startingacoupleofinchestotheleftofthestock,clickand
dragtotherightoverthestockuntiltherectangularstockiconbecomesshaded.Withthe
flowstillselected,typeitsname,growth.ThediagramshouldappearasinFigure3.1.4.

Figure3.1.4 Diagramafteradditionofgrowthflow

QuickReviewQuestion3 Dragthepopulationstockaroundtherightofthescreen.
Whathappenstothediagram?

Ifmovingthepopulationstockdoesnotresultintheflowarrowmoving,too,but
revealsanothercloud,youneedtoattachtheflowtothestock.Dragthestockoverthe
cloudatthepointofthearrowheaduntilthecloudbecomesshaded.Performthetaskof
QuickReviewQuestion3again.
Saveyourwork.

Converter

Wecanuseaconvertertomodifyanactivity.Aconvertercanstoreanequationora
constant.Forexample,withthepopulationmodel,aconvertermightstoretheconstant
growthrate,say10%=0.1.
Asanexampleforradioactivedecay,radioactivesubstancebismuth210decaysto
radioactivesubstancepolonium210.WithArepresentingtheamountofbismuth210
andBtheamountofpolonium210,theratioB/Aissignificantinthemodelofdecay.A
convertercanstorethisratio.
Selecttheconvertericon,whichisacircle.Clickbelowandtotheleftoftheflow
name,growth.Nametheconvertergrowthrate.Blanksarepermissible.Thediagram
shouldappearsimilartoFigure3.1.5.

Figure3.1.5 Diagramafterinsertionofconvertergrowthrate
STELLAv9Tutorial1 6

ActionConnector

Anactionconnectororconnectortransmitsaninputoranoutput.Forexample,ina
populationmodel,aconnectorcantransmitthegrowthratevaluefromthegrowthrate
convertertothegrowthflow.
Inaradioactivedecaymodel,connectorsfromthebismuth210(A)stockandfrom
thepolonium210(B)stocktoaconverterfortheratioofBoverAtransmittherespective
amountsofradioactivityforusebytheconverter.
Becausetheytransmitdata,connectorsdonothavenumericalvalues.Also,aflow
cangointoastockbutaconnectorcannot.
Inthepopulationmodel,boththegrowthrateandthecurrentpopulationaffectthe
currentgrowth.Forexample,ifthegrowthrateishigher,soisthegrowth.Moreover,a
largerpopulationexhibitsagreaterchangeinpopulation.Weindicatetheserelationships
byconnectingthegrowthrateconverterandthepopulationstocktotheflowgrowth.
Selecttheconnectoricon,clickonthegrowthratecircleanddraguntilthegrowthflow
darkensbeforereleasing.TheresultingdiagramisasinFigure3.1.6a.Tousethesame
toolagain,holddowntheALTkeyonaPCandtheoptionkeyonaMacintosh.
ConnectpopulationtogrowthasinFigure3.1.6b.

Figure3.1.6 Connectorsdrawntogrowthflow

a b

QuickReviewQuestion4 Fortheconnectorfromthestocktotheflow,clickonthe
smallcircleonthestockanddragitaround.Wherecanyoudragit?

QuickReviewQuestion5 Whathappenstotheconnectorasyoudragthestock
populationaroundthewindow?

Saveyourwork.

Dynamite

Toremoveacomponentfromthediagram,weusedynamite( ).Usingthedelete
keydoesnotcompletelyeliminatetheitemfromthemodel.Atthetopofmenuselectthe
dynamiteicon,whichisthenexttothelasticon.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 7

QuickReviewQuestion6 Clickthedynamite.Withoutclicking,movethedynamite
cursoroverthestock,flow,andconverter.Whathappenstothesecomponents?

QuickReviewQuestion7 Doesanythinghappenasyoumovethedynamitecursorover
theconnector'sarrowedgeandarrowhead?

QuickReviewQuestion8 Whathappensasyoudragthedynamiteoverthesmallcircle
atthebeginningoftheconnector'sarrow?

QuickReviewQuestion9 Withthedynamiteshadingpopulation,clicktoremovethe
stock.Whatiseliminated?

Whenweremoveanitemwithdynamite,theprocesseliminatestheitemandall
connectedconnectorsandflows.Restorethemodeltoitspreviousformbyclosingthe
currentdocumentwithoutsavingandreopeningthedocument.Ifacomponentis
missing,recreatethemodeltoappearasinFigure3.1.6b.

EquationsandInitialValues

Wearenowreadytoenterequationsandinitialvalues.Tobegindefininganinitial
population,doubleclickthepopulationstockandviewapopupmenuasinFigure3.1.7.
Foraninitialpopulationof100bacteria,type100.Thevaluereplacestheshadedtext
"(Placeinitialvaluehere)".
STELLAv9Tutorial1 8

Figure3.1.7 Popupmenuafterdoubleclickingpopulationstock

Noticeinthetopleftcorner,bydefaultacheckboxlabeledNonnegativeis
checked.Clearly,populationscannotbenegative,sothisdefaultisappropriate.
However,sometimesastockcanstoreanegativeamount,suchasmoneyinthecaseof
debtorvelocityinthecaseofafallingobjectwithupbeingpositive.Insuchsituations,
weshouldunchecktheNonnegativecheckbox.
ClickOK.

QuickReviewQuestion10 Toestablishthegrowthrateas10%=0.1,first,double
clicktheconverter.WhatnamedoesSTELLAgivefortheconverter?

Type0.1inplaceoftheshaded"{Placerighthandsideofequationhere...}",and
thenclickOK.Noticethatafterenteringagrowthrateandaninitialpopulation,the
questionmarksnolongerappearinthecircleandrectangle,respectively.
Forequations,STELLAusesanunderscoreinplaceofablankinaname.Thus,
"growthrate"inadiagram(seeFigure3.1.6)becomes"growth_rate"inaSTELLA
equation(seeFigure3.1.7).Weemploysuchreplacementofblankswithunderscoresin
thetextandtutorialstoavoidconfusionwithcomponentnames.
Unlikegrowth_rate,theflowgrowthisnotaconstant;butthegrowthinthe
populationchangeswithtimeasthepopulationchanges.Forourexample,atanyinstant,
therateofchangeinthepopulation,orgrowth,is10%(growth_rate)ofthecurrent
population(population).Incalculusterminology,theinstantaneousrateofchangeof
populationisthederivativeofpopulationwithrespecttotimet,sothatwehavethe
followingformula:
STELLAv9Tutorial1 9

d(population )
= growth _ rate population
dt
= 0.1 population

Doubleclickingonthegrowthfaucet,weseeapopupmenuasinFigure3.1.8.

Figure3.1.8 Popupmenuforgrowth

QuickReviewQuestion11 ThesubmenuRequiredInputsliststheitemsthathave
connectorstogrowth,namelypopulationandgrowth_rate.Weincludethese
variablesintheformulaforgrowth.Forourexample,thisinstantaneousrateof
changeofpopulationis0.1populationbacteriaperunitoftime.Using*for
multiplicationandclickingontheappropriatevariablesinRequiredInputs,enter
theformulaforgrowth.Whatistheresultingformula?ClickOK.

AsFigure3.1.8shows,thepopupmenuforaflowhastworadiobuttons,
UNIFLOWandBIFLOWinthetopleftcorner.ThedefaultisUNIFLOW,which
indicatesthatgrowthcanonlyflowinonedirection,intothestockpopulation.Should
wewishtoallowvaluestoflowinbothdirectionsthroughtheflow,wewouldcheck
BIFLOW.Inthiscase,theflowwouldappearasinFigure3.1.9,withtheopen
arrowheadindicatingtheprimarydirectionintopopulationandthedarkenedarrowhead
representingthepossibilityofremovalfromthepopulation.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 10

Figure3.1.9 Biflow

population

growth

growth rate

ClickingtheEquationTabontheleftsideoftheSTELLAwindowtakesustothe
EquationLevelandrevealstheresultingformulas,whichEquationSet1displays.On
themodel,wehadestablishedavalueforgrowth_rate(0.1),aninitialvaluefor
population(100),andtheequationforgrowth(growth_rate*population).Thevariable
dt,whichappearsintheformulaforpopulation(t),representsthechangeintimebetween
timesteps.Thevariabletrepresentstime;andpopulation(t)isthepopulationattimet;
whilepopulation(tdt)isthepopulationattheprevioustimestep,tdt.Aswediscuss
indetailinModule3.2on"UnconstrainedGrowth,"thefirstequationindicatesthe
populationatonetimestepisthepopulationatprevioustimestepplusthechangein
populationoverthattimeinterval:

(newpopulation) =(oldpopulation)+(changeinpopulation)
=(oldpopulation)+growth*dt
=(oldpopulation)+(growthover1unit)*(lengthoftimestep)

EquationSet1 Formulas

population(t)=population(tdt)+(growth)*dt
INITpopulation=100
INFLOWS:growth=growth_rate*population
growth_rate=0.1

QuickReviewQuestion12 Forcurrenttimet,givethemeaningofeachofthe
following:

a. tdt
b. population(tdt)
c. growth*dt

Saveyourworkandcontinuesavingfrequently.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 11

Comments

ClickthetoptabontheleftoftheSTELLAwindowtogototheInterfaceLevel.Figure
3.1.10displaysthetoppartoftheresultinglayer.

Figure3.1.10 InterfaceLevel

Documentingourworkisextremelyimportant.Wewantotherpeopletobeableto
understandthemodelasquicklyaspossible.Moreover,wecanveryeasilyforgetwhat
weintendedjustafewdaysorhoursago.Wemayhaveseveralverysimilarversionsof
thesamemodelthatweneedtodistinguishonefromanother.Wedonotwanttowaste
ourownorsomeoneelse'stimebyhavingtodigdeeplyintothedifferentlevelsand
equationstounderstandthemodel.

QuickReviewQuestion13 Toenteracomment,clicktheTicontogetatextbox.
Whatistheshapeoftheresultingcursor?

Clicktowardsthetopmiddleofthewindowtoinsertthetextbox.Type
"UnconstrainedGrowthPopulationModel"ononelineandyournameanddateonthe
next.Typeanexplanationthatthemodelisforgrowthofapopulationwithnolimiting
factors.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 12

QuickReviewQuestion14 Clickontheoutsidelinesofthetextbox.What
appears?

Dragononeofthesmallshadedrectangles,calledhandles,atacornertoresizeor
displayallofthetext.Dragononeofthebox'slinestomovetheboxwithoutresizing.

Graphs

IntheInterfacelevel(Figure3.1.10),thegraphpadicon( )appearsasapictureofa
smallgraphinthemiddleofthesequenceoficons.Afterclickingthisicon,clicktowards
theleftofthewindowtoplacethegraphobject.Agraphpopupwindowappears
immediately.Adjusttheplacementofthegraphbydraggingonitstitlebar.

QuickReviewQuestion15 Clickoutsideofthegraphpopupwindow.What
happensandwhatdoyousee?

The"Graph1"iconwillremaininthewindowunlessyoudestroyitwithdynamite.
Doubleclickonthe"Graph1"icontoredisplaythegraphpopupwindow.Movethe
graphtowardsthemiddletopofthescreenandresizeasyouwish.Tocontinue
displayingthegraphandtopreventaccidentallymovingit,clickonthethumbtackicon
onthetopleftofthegraphwindow.Doubleclickinsidethegraphwindowtodisplaythe
GraphDefinitionWindow(seeFigure3.1.11).
STELLAv9Tutorial1 13

Figure3.1.11 GraphDefinitionWindowwithGraphWindowinbackground

InthetextboxforTitle:inthemiddle,type"Populationvs.Time"sothatthetitle
appearsonthegraph'swindow.LeavingthegraphtypeasthedefaultTimeSeries,time
willappearonthehorizontalaxis.TohaveSTELLAgraphthepopulationwithrespectto
time,wedoubleclickpopulationunderAllowable.Alternatively,clickonceonthe
populationline,andclick">>".

QuickReviewQuestion16 DoubleclickgrowthunderAllowables.Givetwoways
toremovegrowthfromtheSelecteditems.

Ifyouhavenotdonesoalready,removegrowthfromtheSelecteditems.Closethe
GraphDefinitionWindowbyclickingOK,andrunthesimulationbychoosingRun(or
ctrlronaPCorcommandronaMacintosh)fromtheRunmenutoobtainthegraphof
Figure3.1.12.Noticethatthebottomleftcornerofthegraphindicatesaninitial
population(attime0.0)of100.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 14

Figure3.1.12 GraphofPopulationvs.Timeusingthedefaultrunspecifications

1: population
1: 400

1: 250 1

1: 100 1
0.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00
Page 1 Time 9:36 AM Mon, Sep 16, 2002
Populaion vs. Time

QuickReviewQuestion17 Howmanytimeunitsdoesthesimulationrun?

QuickReviewQuestion18 Abouthowmanytimeunitsdoesittakefortheinitial
populationtodouble?

Tochangethedefaulttimespecifications,fromtheRunmenuchooseRunSpecs,
sothatthepopupmenuasinFigure3.1.13.Havethesimulationrunfor100timeunits.
Ifwearemodelingthegrowthofapopulationofbacteria,thetimeunitwouldprobably
beanhour;whileforalargeranimal,theunitmightbeamonth.Supposingthemodelis
foracolonyofbacteria,changetheUnitofTimetoHours.ChangeDTto0.1.Thus,
calculationsforthesimulationwillbeevery0.1hourinsteadofevery0.25hour.
Usually,asmallerDTgeneratesmoreaccurateresultsbutcausesthesimulationtotake
longer.Althoughthecomputationstakelonger,wecanalsoobtainbetterresultswiththe
RungeKutta2ortheRungeKutta4integrationmethod.Forthetimebeing,leavethe
IntegrationMethodasthedefault,Euler'sMethod.Chapter5on"Simulation
Techniques"discussesthesemethods.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 15

Figure3.1.13 RunSpecspopupmenu

QuickReviewQuestion19 Aftermakingtheabovechanges,howmanytimesteps
(DT's)willbeinthesimulation?

ClickOK,andrunthesimulation.NoticeinFigure3.1.14thatSTELLAchangesthe
rangeonthetimeaxisto0.00100.00andonthepopulationaxisto03000000.

Figure3.1.14 GraphofPopulationvs.TimeusingtheRunSpecspopupmenuof
Figure3.1.13
1: population
1: 3000000

1: 1500000

1
1: 0 1 1 1
0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00
Page 1 Hours 9:44 AM Mon, Sep 16, 2002
Populaion vs. Time

Topreservethisgraphregardlessofwhatotherchangeswemake,clicktheLock
iconatthebottomleftofthegraphwindow(seeFigure3.1.14).Clickingthenexticon
wouldprintthegraph.Selectionofdynamiteonthegraphwindowclearsthegraph.If
STELLAv9Tutorial1 16

weclicktheQuestionMarkicon,wecanenternotesaboutthegraph.Ifwehavemore
thanonepage,wecanclickonthebottomleftcornertopagethroughthegraphs.
DoubleclickthegraphtodisplaytheGraphDefinitionWindowonceagain(see
Figure3.1.11).Togenerateanewgraphpage,selecttheuparrowbythewordNew
aboveOKonthebottomrightofthewindow.Forthispage,maketheproper
specificationstoplotpopulationandgrowthfrom0to5hoursonthesamegraph(see
Figure3.1.15).Runthesimulation.NoticeinFigure3.1.16thatthegraphsarenumbered
andcoloredwithdifferentscalesontheverticalaxis.Therangesaresuchthatthegraphs
appearalmosthorizontalat0.

Figure3.1.15 RunSpecsforgraphsofpopulationandgrowth
STELLAv9Tutorial1 17

Figure3.1.16 GraphofPopulation&Growthvs.Time

Doubleclickingthegraph,wecanchangethescalesintheGraphDefinition
Window(seeFigure3.1.17).OntheSelectedsubmenu,clickpopulation.Youmayneed
toclicktheupdownarrowtoitsrighttodisplaytheminimum(Min)andmaximum
(Max)valuesontheScaletowardsthebottomleft.Changetherangetofrom0to150,
andclickSet.Similarly,setthescaleforgrowthtofrom0to150,andclickSetandOK.
Withoutrerunning,thegraph,whichisinFigure3.1.18,immediatelyreflectsthescale
changes.

Figure3.1.17 GraphDefinitionWindowtochangescales
STELLAv9Tutorial1 18

Figure3.1.18 GraphofPopulation&Growthvs.Timeforscalesof0to150for
populationandgrowth

QuickReviewQuestion20 Noticethatwestillcannotseeallofthepopulation
graphforthetimeperiod.Whatmaximumtothenearest10(160,170,180etc.)
showstheentiregraphfrom0to5?

Changetherangeforpopulationandgrowthtobethesameandsothatbothgraphs
appearcompletely.

Tables

Besidesapictorialview,wemaywantatableofvaluesfromthesimulation.TheTable
Padicon( )appearstotherightoftheGraphicononthewindowfortheInterface
Level(seeFigure3.1.10).Clickthisiconandplaceatableobjectbelowthegraphobject.
DoubleclickthetabletodisplaytheTableDefinitionWindowasinFigure3.1.19.
Namethetable"PopulationChanges,"andmovegrowthandpopulationtotheSelected
submenu.UnselectEveryDT,andchangethereportingintervalto10.Thus,although
thesimulationwillperformthecalculationsasbefore,thetablewilldisplaytheresultsfor
every10hours.Figure3.1.20displaystherevisedTableDefinitionWindow.Runthe
simulation.
STELLAv9Tutorial1 19

Figure3.1.19 TableDefinitionWindow
STELLAv9Tutorial1 20

Figure3.1.20 RevisedTableDefinitionWindow

QuickReviewQuestion21 Howmanyrowsofvaluesappearinthetable?

DragtheverticallineseparatingtheHoursandgrowthcolumnstothelefttoadjust
thespacing.Todisplaythelargerpopulationvalues,draganotherverticallinetothe
right.
Itismoreappropriatetohavethegrowthandpopulationinwholenumbers.To
changetheformatofthepopulationvalues,doubleclickthepopulationcolumnheading.

QuickReviewQuestion22 Whatdowedotodisplaythepopulationinwhole
numbers?

Changetheprecisionofeachcolumnto0,andclickOKandviewtheresult.

Input/OutputTools

WecanchangeinitialvaluesandconstantsinthemodelbygoingtotheMap/Model
Level,doubleclickingthestockorconverter,andchangingthevalue.Inrunningour
modelforseveralsituations,thisprocessistedious.Moreover,wecannotdetectthe
valuesimmediatelybylookingatthescreenorprintout.However,STELLAhasavariety
STELLAv9Tutorial1 21

oftoolsforinputandoutputvaluesthatcanhelpusperformanassortmentofsimulations
quicklyandviewtheresultsreadily.
Oneofthemostusefulsuchtools,istheListInputDevicefordefiningconstants
andinitialvalues.Clickitsicon( )twoitemstotheleftofthegraphicononthe
InterfaceLevelWindow(seeFigure3.1.10).AfterplacingaListInputDeviceonthe
window,doubleclickinablankareaofthelist(notonthedropdownmenuorscrollbar)
andspecifytheListTitleas"Values."Forthelist,select(initial)populationand
growth_rate,choosingappropriateminimumandmaximumvalues,such12000and0
0.9,respectively.ClickOK.Unlockanylockedtablesorgraphs.Changetheinitial
populationto15andthegrowthrateto0.2.Runthesimulation.Ifagraphdoesnot
displayproperly,doubleclickthegraphandchangethescale.

QuickReviewQuestion23 Whathappenswhenyouclick"U"for"RestoreAll
Devices"towardsthebottomleftofthewindow?

TheKnobandtheSliderInputDeviceiconsareimmediatelytotheleftandright
oftheListInputDeviceicon,respectively.Removegrowth_ratefromtheinputlistby
doubleclickingablankareatowardsthetopofthelistanddoubleclickinggrowth_rate.
PlaceaKnobInputDeviceforinputofgrowth_rateinthewindow.Changethevalueof
growth_ratebyrotatingtheknobandthenbytypingavalueinthesmalldisplayabove
theknob.Usedynamitetodestroytheknob.

QuickReviewQuestion24 InsertaSliderInputDeviceforgrowth_rate.Givetwo
waystodesignatethegrowthratewiththisdevice.

WecanusetheNumericDisplaytoshowonevalue.TheNumericDisplayicon
appearstotheleftoftheTextBoxicon,"T".InsertaNumericDisplayobjectonthe
window,andhaveitdisplaypopulationwithnodecimalpoint.

QuickReviewQuestion25 InthepopupwindowfortheNumericDisplay,whatdo
wespecifytohavetheoutputvalueforpopulationbeawholenumber?

PrinttheInterface,Map/Model,andEquationsLevelWindows.SaveandQuit
STELLA.

Reference

GettingStartedwiththeSTELLASoftware,AHandsOnExperience,2004.iseesystems
http://www.iseesystems.com/