Assignment 16 (Due on. 28, 2017) ay Ay A pipeline containing ammonia gas is vented to ambient air in order to maintain a pressure close to 1 atm. Venting is achieved by tapping a hole in the pipe and inserting a vertical 12, ‘mm diameter tube, which extends for 2 m into the atmosphere. ‘The entire system is ‘operating at 25°C, and the diffusivity of ammonia in a mixture with air is 0.28x10~ m’/s. Assume the mole fraction of ammonia in the atmosphere is negligible, and the mole fraction ge of air in the ammonia pipeline is negligible. Determine the following: rate (a) The mass rate of ammonia lost to the atmosphere and the mass rate of contamination of the pipeline with air. hof (b) The net mass flow rate in the vertical tube. Pure CO> is contained in a glass bulb from which a capillary tube leads to the atmosphere. The bulb has a volume of 1.010 m°, and the capillary tube has a 1 mm inside diameter and alength of 10 cm, The system is at a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of | atm, The abe; diffusivity of CO> ina mixture with air is 0.154 om“/s, Determine the time for the mole fraction of CO> in the bulb to decrease to 0.5 if the concentration of CO: in the atmosphere is negligible. 3. A person is trying to keep cool on a hot summer day by using a fan and exposing his/her body to air flow. ‘The air temperature is 32°C, and the fan is blowing air at a velocity of 5 m/s, ‘The surrounding surfaces are at 40°C, and the emissivity of the person can be taken as 0.9. If the person is doing light work and generating sensible heat at a rate of 90 W, determine the average temperature of the outer surface of the person, The average human body can be treated as a 30-cm diameter cylinder with an exposed surface area of 1.7 m’. 4. Copper spheres 20 mm in diameter are quenched by being dropped into a tank of water that is maintained at 280 K. The spheres may be assumed to be falling at a terminal velocity of 2.17 m/s through the water. Determine the height of the water tank needed to cool the spheres from an initial uniform temperature of 360 K to a surface temperature of 310 K.Example 1 — Unimolecular Diffusion A large rectangular tank with a 4ft by 8 ft cross-section contains liquid n-hexane at 21°C, and the vapor pressure of n-hexane at this, temperature is 127 mm Hg. At certain times the tank is open to the ‘atmosphere so that a motionless gas layer with a thickness of 1.0 em is above the hexane. The gas above the motionless layer is assumed to be pure dry air ata temperature of 21°C and pressure of | atm, Assume air is insoluble in liquid n-hexane, and the diffusion coefficient of n-hexane in a mixture with air is Dyy = 0.310 fh. At steady-state, calculate the rate of hexane evaporation from the tank when it is uncovered. Example 2 — Pseudo-Steady-State Diffusion Consider an Arnold diffusion cell or similar apparatus which contains liquid water (component A). The apparatus is enclosed in a ‘constant temperature environment at 130°F and | atm, Dry air (component B) flows gently ‘over the top of the apparatus so thatthe ‘concentration of water vapor in the air is negligible. There is no mixing in the tube ‘sniea above the water level so that there is a ‘motionless layer of gas above the water. 1£290 hours is required forthe water level to fll from 5 into 6 in below the top of the tube, ealelate the difusivity forthe water-air system at 130°F AU I3O°F the vapor pressure of water is 2.22 psi and the density of liquid water is 61.6 Iby/R. Example 3 - Equimolar Counterdiffusion ‘Two tanks, maintained at 323 K and | atm total pressure, are connected by 80.1 m diameter eircular duct that is 0.5 m in length. Tank-I contains a uniform gas mixture of 60 mole % acetone and 40 mole % ai, while tank-2 contains @ uniform mixture of 10 mole % acetone and 90 mole % ait. 1) Determine the initial molar rate of acetone transfer between the two tanks. The diffusivity of acetone in air is 0.142 ems 'b) Assume tank-1 has a volume of V, = 0.25 m, while tank-2 is much larger so thatthe concentrations of acetone and air do not change significantly with time. Use a pseudo-steady-state model to determine the concentration of acetone in tank-l after one hour.