Exam 1 Solutions

Math 231
February 22, 2007

1. (a) Write the general formula for integration by parts. (3 pts)

Z Z
SOLUTION: udv = uv vdu
Z
(b) Compute sin(2x)e2x dx. (8 pts)
SOLUTION: Use integration by parts twice. u = sin 2x, dv = e2x dx so du = 2 cos 2x and
v = 12 e2x . This gives
Z Z
1
sin(2x)e dx = sin(2x)e cos(2x)e2x dx.
2x 2x
2

We now do integration by parts again with u = cos 2x, dv = e2x dx so du = 2 sin 2x. This
gives Z  Z 
2x 1 2x 1 2x 2x
sin(2x)e dx = sin(2x)e cos(2x)e sin(2x)e dx .
2 2
Solving for the integral in question we get
Z  
2x 1 1 2x 1 2x
sin(2x)e dx = sin(2x)e cos(2x)e + C.
2 2 2

2. (a) Draw the reference triangle for the substitution 4x = 5 sin . (3 pts)

SOLUTION:This is a right triangle with sides 4x, 5, and hypotenuse 16x2 + 25.
Z
1
(b) Evaluate p dx. (8 pts)
x (ln x)2 9
1
SOLUTION: We use the trigonometric solution ln x = 3 sec , dx = 3 sec tan d. This
x
makes the new integral
Z Z Z Z
1 3 sec tan 3 sec tan 3 sec tan
p dx = d = d = d.
x (ln x)2 9 2
9 sec 9 2
9 tan 9 3 tan

Using the fact on the first page we complete the integral:

Z
sec d = ln | sec + tan | + C

1
 Using the reference triangle we finish the problem:
 
Z
1  ln x p(ln x)2 9 
dx = ln  +  + C.
 
p
2
x (ln x) 9  3 3 
Z
3. (a) Evaluate sin4 (x) dx. (8 pts)
SOLUTION: We use the half angle formula sin2 x = 21 (1 cos 2x).
Z Z  2 Z  
4 1 1 1 1 2
sin (x) dx = (1 cos 2x) dx = cos 2x + cos 2x dx
2 4 2 4
Now use the half angle formula cos2 2x = 21 (1 + cos 4x) to get

Z Z  
4 1 1 1
sin (x) dx = cos 2x + (1 + cos 4x) dx
4 2 8
x sin 2x x sin 4x
= + + +C
4 4 8 32
Z
(b) Evaluate tan3 x sec x dx. (8 pts)

SOLUTION: We use the Pythagorean identity tan2 x + 1 = sec2 x.

Z Z
3
tan x sec x dx = tan2 x tan x sec x dx
Z
= (sec2 x 1) sec x tan x dx
Z
= (sec3 x sec x) sec x tan x dx

We use the u substitution u = sec x, du = sec x tan x dx and the integral becomes:
Z
1 1
(u3 u) du = u4 u2 + C = sec4 x sec2 x + C.
2 2

x2 2
4. (a) Find the general form of the partial fraction decomposition of (do not
(x2 + 4x + 4)(x2 + 1)
find the actual values of A, B, etc.). (3pts)
SOLUTION:
A B Cx + D
+ 2
+ 2
x + 2 (x + 2) x +1

2
 4x2 + 3x + 2
(b) Find the partial fraction decomposition of . (6 pts)
x3 + 2x2 + x
SOLUTION: The partial fraction decomposition has the form
A B C
+ + .
x x + 1 (x + 1)2
This leads to the system of equations
A+B =4
2A + B + C = 3
A=2
which yields the solution A = 2, B = 2, C = 3, so the partial fraction decomposition is
2 2 3
+ .
x x + 1 (x + 1)2

4x2 + 3x + 2
Z
(c) Evaluate dx. (4 pts)
x3 + 2x2 + x
SOLUTION:

4x2 + 3x + 2
Z Z
2 2 3
dx = + dx
x3 + 2x2 + x x x + 1 (x + 1)2
3
= 2 ln |x| + 2 ln |x + 1| + +C
x+1
Z
1
5. Evaluate dx. Please work out any trigonometric substitutions that may be neces-
x2 6x 5
sary. (10 pts)
SOLUTION: First we complete the square to get x2 6x 5 = 4 (x + 3)2 Now use the trig
substitution x + 3 = 2 sin dx = 2 cos d.
Z Z Z
1 2 cos
dx = p d = 1 d = + C
x2 6x 5 4 4 sin2
We then use the reference triangle to finish the integral.
Z  
1 x+3
dx = arcsin + C.
x2 6x 5 2
Z 8
6. Determine if x2/3 dx converges or diverges and evaluate the integral if it converges. (10 pts)
8
SOLUTION: This problem has an infinite integrand at x = 0, so we must separate the integral:
Z 8 Z 0 Z 8
2/3 2/3
x dx = x dx + x2/3 dx
8 8 0

3
 We then must use directional limits and we get

Z 8 Z 0 Z 8
2/3 2/3
x dx = x dx + x2/3 dx
8 8 0
a 8

1/3 

1/3 
= lim 3x  + lim+ 3x 
a0 8 b0 b
1/3 1/3
= lim 3a 3(8) + lim+ 3(8)1/3 3(b)1/3
a0 b0
1/3 1/3
= 3(8) + 3(8) = 3(2) + 3(2) = 12.

Thus the integral converges.

Z
7. Determine the convergence of x2 ln x dx and evaluate the integral if it converges. (9 pts)
1
SOLUTION: This improper integral requires integration by parts as the first step. We select u =
ln x, dv = x2 dx, and we get du = x1 dx, v = x1 . We now have
Z Z
2 ln x 
x ln x dx = 1
x2 dx
1 x 1
ln x a 1 a
= lim 1
a x 1 x  
ln a ln 1 1 1
= lim
a a 1 a 1
=1

Thus the integral converges. The limit used the fact that was given on the front of the page that
ln x
lim = 0.
x x