API 571 Damage Mechanisms
API 571 Damage Mechanisms
No Damage Mehcanism Affected Materials Critical Factors Affected Units and Equipment
Chemistry,
Stress,
Graphitization - Temperature and
Change in Time of
Microstructure of Exposure. Above
certain Carbon Steels 1% Mo no
and 0.5Mo Steels after Damage. Below FCC, Catalytic Reformers and
1 CS & 0.5Mo
long time exposure at 800 nothing. Two Coker Units
800F to 1100F loss in forms Random
strength, Ductility or graphitization
Creep Resistance. occurs at room
Carbide to Graphite temperature. Eye
Brow
Graphitization
Metal Chemistry,
expousre time
Spheroidization - and
Change in Temperature.Ann
Microstructure of ealed steels are
Loss in strength is accompanied
Steels after long time more resistant.
CS & Low Alloy by increase in ductility. FCC,
2 exposure at 850F to Coarse are more
Steels Catalytic Reformers and Coker
1400F loss in strength, resistant than
Units
Ductility or Creep fine grained.
Resistance. Carbides Silicon Killed are
Agglomorate more Resistant
than aluminium
killed
Alloy Steel
Temper Embrittlement- Composition,
Reduction in Toighness Thermal History,
at 650 F to 1070 F Metal
3 - Hydroprocessing units
Upward shift of Brittle Temperature and
to Ductile Transition Exposure time
Temperature Manganese and
Silicon
chromium
885 F embrittlement. content ferrite
Embrittlement of ferrite 400 series SS and phase operating Everywhere susceptible alloy is
5
phase from 600F to Duplex Temperature. used
1000F More ferrite more
susceptibility
1000 F to 1700F.
when metal cools
Sigma Phase- Loss of 300 SS, 400 SS and down to 500 F Steel Cyclones, Piping Ductwork,
6
Fracture toughness Duplex loses complete Stainless steel Heater tubes
fracture
toughness
CS mainly and
7 Brittle Fracture - -
300SS and 400SS
Time,
All Fired heater
10 Short term Overheating Temperature and Fired Heater tubes
tubes
Stress
Appearance and Morphology Prevention and Mitigation Inspection and Monitoring
UT RT EC dimensional
SEM -
measurements
Proper Temperature
Bulging fishmouth Rupture IR Thermocouples
Maintainence
Related Mechanisms
Spheroidization above
1025 F
Graphitization
N/A
N/A
N/A
too many
Reheat Damage
Corrosion Fatigue
OT TT NT OT SOT TT
5 0 5 8 4 12 0 192 92.5
5 0 5 8 4 12 0 192 91
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 82.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 97.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 99.5
A 0 0 A 0 0 0 152 50
A 0 0 A 0 0 0 176 57.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 82.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 80
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 82.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 24 7.5
A 0 0 A 0 0 0 80 42.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 82.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 60
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 82.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 85
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 80
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 57.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 77.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 181.5 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
A 0 0 A 0 0 2 117.5 35
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 189.5 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 173.5 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 52.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
A 0 0 A 0 0 0 136 45
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 168 52.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 82.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 3.5 11.5 0 112 50
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 65.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 55
A 0 0 A 0 0 0 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 50
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 120 40
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 173.5 55
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 136 40
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 189.5 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 52.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 189.5 52.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
0 0 0 8 0 8 4 168 52.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 2 176 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 57.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 112 35
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 112 35
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 112 35
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 60
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 176.5 52.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 78
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 91
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 57.5
0 0 0 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 75
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 117.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 3 168 55
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 1 184 60
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
5 0 5 8 2.5 10.5 0 192 62.5
A 0 0 A 0 0 0 37.5 12.5
A 0 0 A 0 0 2 112 37.5
33 317.5
28 311
20 294.5
25 314.5 Annual Leave + Ticket
23 314.5
13 215
13 246.5
8 262.5
18 272.5
20 294.5
18 272.5
20 292
18 292.5
5 36.5
8 130.5
10 262
20 294.5
23 267
13 257
10 284.5
13 290
20 292
18 272.5
15 264.5
8 239
20 272
20 274.5
18 272.5
20 274.5
18 287.5
10 262
18 272.5
18 270
20 253.5
20 274.5
15 269.5
20 274.5
15 238
15 238
15 238
20 274.5
20 274.5
18 272.5
20 272
18 251.5
20 272
18 251.5
13 252
18 272.5
0 152.5
13 236
18 272.5
20 264.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
18 246.5
20 274.5
20 248.5
10 243.5
15 248.5
20 272
15 238
20 274.5
10 191
20 274.5
20 274.5
10 230.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
10 233
20 294.5
8 249.5
20 274.5
20 274.5
18 272.5
20 274.5
10 172
20 261.5
20 272
20 274.5
15 246 Annual Leave
15 238
15 257
20 274.5
20 264
20 180
18 272.5
20 248.5
5 181
15 264.5
20 274.5
10 243.5
18 254.5 Annual Leave
13 255
8 262.5
18 272.5
13 267.5
18 272.5
18 272.5
18 270
18 272.5
18 270
8 228.5
18 251.5
18 272.5
13 236
18 272.5
13 262.5
10 157
10 157
10 157
20 264
20 264
10 249
20 272 sick Leave 14 March
10 264.5
20 272
18 272.5
20 274.5
18 247
18 272.5
18 280
18 301
20 269.5
8 251
20 274.5
20 329.5 23 Hours Previous Month
20 243
15 259
18 272.5
20 274.5
8 58
10 159.5