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    Augustus Cursus Publicus

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    AthulKrishnaPandothayil
    1) In ancient times, the region of Kerala on the southern tip of India was an important trading hub between Rome, Greece, Egypt, West Asia, and China due to its valuable spices like black pepper. 2) Merchants from Southern Europe and West Asia established coastal settlements and ports in Kerala starting in the centuries BCE. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim communities were also established through migration and intermarriage with local populations. 3) A second Chera Kingdom ruled Kerala from around 800-1102 CE and oversaw a period of development in art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Local administration was divided into provinces under regional rulers.

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    Augustus Cursus Publicus

    Uploaded by

    AthulKrishnaPandothayil
    17 views3 pages
    1) In ancient times, the region of Kerala on the southern tip of India was an important trading hub between Rome, Greece, Egypt, West Asia, and China due to its valuable spices like black pepper. 2) Merchants from Southern Europe and West Asia established coastal settlements and ports in Kerala starting in the centuries BCE. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim communities were also established through migration and intermarriage with local populations. 3) A second Chera Kingdom ruled Kerala from around 800-1102 CE and oversaw a period of development in art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Local administration was divided into provinces under regional rulers.

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    Kerala.docx

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    1) In ancient times, the region of Kerala on the southern tip of India was an important trading hub between Rome, Greece, Egypt, West Asia, and China due to its valuable spices like black pepper. 2) Merchants from Southern Europe and West Asia established coastal settlements and ports in Kerala starting in the centuries BCE. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim communities were also established through migration and intermarriage with local populations. 3) A second Chera Kingdom ruled Kerala from around 800-1102 CE and oversaw a period of development in art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Local administration was divided into provinces under regional rulers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    17 views3 pages

    Augustus Cursus Publicus

    Uploaded by

    AthulKrishnaPandothayil
    1) In ancient times, the region of Kerala on the southern tip of India was an important trading hub between Rome, Greece, Egypt, West Asia, and China due to its valuable spices like black pepper. 2) Merchants from Southern Europe and West Asia established coastal settlements and ports in Kerala starting in the centuries BCE. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim communities were also established through migration and intermarriage with local populations. 3) A second Chera Kingdom ruled Kerala from around 800-1102 CE and oversaw a period of development in art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Local administration was divided into provinces under regional rulers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    As

    In the last centuries BCE the coast became important to the Greeks
    and Romans for its spices, especially black pepper. The Cheras had
    trading links with China, West Asia, Egypt, Greece, and the Roman
    Empire.[47] In foreign-trade circles the region was known
    as Male or Malabar.[48] Muziris, Berkarai, and Nelcynda were among
    the principal ports at that time.[49] The value of Rome's annual trade
    with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 sesterces;
    [50]
    contemporary Sangam literature describes Roman ships coming to
    Muziris in Kerala, laden with gold to exchange for pepper. One of the
    earliest western traders to use the monsoon winds to reach Kerala
    was Eudoxus of Cyzicus, around 118 or 166 BCE, under the
    patronage of Ptolemy VIII, king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty in
    Egypt. Roman establishments in the port cities of the region, such as
    a temple of Augustus and barracks for garrisoned Roman soldiers, are
    marked in the Tabula Peutingeriana; the only surviving map of the
    Roman cursus publicus.[51][52]

    Merchants from West Asia and Southern Europe established coastal


    posts and settlements in Kerala.[53] The Jewish connection with Kerala
    started in 573 BCE.[54][55][56] Arabs also had trade links with Kerala,
    starting before the 4th century BCE, as Herodotus (484413 BCE)
    noted that goods brought by Arabs from Kerala were sold to the Jews
    at Eden.[49]They intermarried with local people, resulting in formation of
    the Muslim Mappila community.[57] In the 4th century, some Christians
    also migrated from Persia and joined the early Syrian
    Christian community who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity
    of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.[58][59] Mappila was an honorific
    title that had been assigned to respected visitors from abroad; Jewish,
    Syrian Christian, and Muslim immigration account for later names of
    the respective communities: Juda Mappilas, Nasrani Mappilas,
    and Muslim Mappilas.[60][61] The earliest Saint Thomas Christian
    Churches,[62]Cheraman Juma Masjid (629 CE)the first mosque of
    India[63]and Paradesi Synagogue (1568 CE)the oldest active
    synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations[64]were built in Kerala.[57]

    Early medieval period[edit]

    Tharisapalli plates granted to Saint Thomas Christians testify that merchant


    guilds and trade corporations played a very significant role in the economy
    and social life during the Kulasekhara period.

    A second Chera Kingdom (c. 8001102), also known as Kulasekhara


    dynasty of Mahodayapuram (present-day Kodungallur), was
    established by Kulasekhara Varman, which ruled over a territory
    comprising the whole of modern Kerala and a smaller part of modern
    Tamil Nadu. During the early part of the Kulasekara period, the
    southern region from Nagerkovil to Thiruvalla was ruled by Ay kings,
    who lost their power in the 10th century, making the region a part of
    the Kulasekara empire.[65][66] Under Kulasekhara rule, Kerala witnessed
    a developing period of art, literature, trade and the Bhakti
    movement of Hinduism.[67] A Keralite identity, distinct from the Tamils,
    became linguistically separate during this period around the seventh
    century.[68] For local administration, the empire was divided into
    provinces under the rule of Naduvazhis, with each province
    comprising a number of Desams under the control of chieftains, called
    as Desavazhis.[67]

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