Scribd
Upload
118 views27 pages

Oracle-Base - Rollup, Cube, Grouping Functions and Grouping Sets

hi

Uploaded by

Manu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
118 views27 pages

Oracle-Base - Rollup, Cube, Grouping Functions and Grouping Sets

hi

Uploaded by

Manu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

Home(/)Articles(/articles)Misc(/articles/misc)Here

ROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsand
GROUPINGSETS
Thisarticlegivesanoverviewofthefunctionalityavailableforaggregationindata
warehouses,focusingspecificallyontheinformationrequiredfortheOracle
DatabaseSQLExpert(1Z0047)(http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prodplq
dad/db_pages.getpage?
page_id=41&p_org_id=1001&lang=US&p_exam_id=1Z0_047)exam. Machine Learning eBook
Basics To Advanced Techniques.
Setup Get Access To Examples, Videos
GROUPBY & More. Then Try MATLAB

ROLLUP
CUBE
GROUPINGFunctions
GROUPINGFunction
GROUPING_IDFunction
GROUP_IDFunction
GROUPINGSETS
CompositeColumns
ConcatenatedGroupings

Formoreinformationsee:

GROUPBY,ROLLUPandCUBEinOracle(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCm4IYNtfw)

Setup
Theexamplesinthisarticlewillberunagainstthefollowingsimpledimensiontable.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 1/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

DROPTABLEdimension_tab;
CREATETABLEdimension_tab(
fact_1_idNUMBERNOTNULL,
fact_2_idNUMBERNOTNULL,
fact_3_idNUMBERNOTNULL,
fact_4_idNUMBERNOTNULL,
sales_valueNUMBER(10,2)NOTNULL
);

INSERTINTOdimension_tab
SELECTTRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(low=>1,high=>3))ASfact_1_id,
TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(low=>1,high=>6))ASfact_2_id,
TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(low=>1,high=>11))ASfact_3_id,
TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(low=>1,high=>11))ASfact_4_id,
ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.value(low=>1,high=>100),2)ASsales_value
FROMdual
CONNECTBYlevel<=1000;
COMMIT;

TokeepthequeriesandtheiroutputsimpleIamgoingtoignorethefacttablesandalsolimitthenumberofdistinctvaluesinthe
columnsofthedimensiontable.

GROUPBY
Let'sstartberemindingourselveshowthe GROUPBY clauseworks.Anaggregatefunctiontakesmultiplerowsofdatareturnedbya
queryandaggregatesthemintoasingleresultrow.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 2/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTSUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab;

SALES_VALUE

50528.39

1rowselected.

SQL>

Includingthe GROUPBY clauselimitsthewindowofdataprocessedbytheaggregatefunction.Thiswaywegetanaggregatedvalue


foreachdistinctcombinationofvaluespresentinthecolumnslistedinthe GROUPBY clause.Thenumberofrowsweexpectcanbe
calculatedbymultiplyingthenumberofdistinctvaluesofeachcolumnlistedinthe GROUPBY clause.Inthiscase,iftherowswere
loadedrandomlywewouldexpectthenumberofdistinctvaluesforthefirstthreecolumnsinthetabletobe2,5and10respectively.
Sousingthe fact_1_id columninthe GROUPBY clauseshouldgiveus2rows.

SELECTfact_1_id,
COUNT(*)ASnum_rows,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYfact_1_id
ORDERBYfact_1_id;

FACT_1_IDNUM_ROWSSALES_VALUE

147824291.35
252226237.04

2rowsselected.

SQL>

Includingthefirsttwocolumnsinthe GROUPBY clauseshouldgiveus10rows(2*5),eachwithitsaggregatedvalues. Translate


https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 3/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
COUNT(*)ASnum_rows,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDNUM_ROWSSALES_VALUE

11834363.55
12964794.76
13934718.25
141055387.45
151015027.34
211095652.84
22964583.02
231105555.77
241135936.67
25944508.74

10rowsselected.

SQL>

Includingthefirstthreecolumnsinthe GROUPBY clauseshouldgiveus100rows(2*5*10).

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 4/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
COUNT(*)ASnum_rows,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDFACT_3_IDNUM_ROWSSALES_VALUE

11110381.61
1126235.29
1137270.7
11413634.05
11510602.36
1167538.41
1175245.87
1188435.54
1198506.59
11109513.13
...
25114714.84
25213686.56
25313579.5
25410336.87
2555215.17
2564268.72
25714667.22
2587451.29
2598365.24
25106223.33

100rowsselected.
Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 5/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS


SQL>

ROLLUP
Inadditiontotheregularaggregationresultsweexpectfromthe GROUPBY clause,the ROLLUP extensionproducesgroupsubtotals
fromrighttoleftandagrandtotal.If"n"isthenumberofcolumnslistedinthe ROLLUP ,therewillben+1levelsofsubtotals.

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYROLLUP(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUE

114363.55
124794.76
134718.25
145387.45
155027.34
124291.35
215652.84
224583.02
235555.77
245936.67
254508.74
226237.04
50528.39

13rowsselected.

SQL>
Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 6/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

LookingattheoutputinaSQL*Plusoragridoutput,youcanvisuallyidentifytherowscontainingsubtotalsastheyhavenullvalues
inthe ROLLUP columns.Itmaybeeasiertospotwhenscanningdowntheoutputofthefollowingqueryshownhere(rollup.txt).
Obviously,iftherawdatacontainsnullvalues,usingthisvisualidentificationisnotanaccurateapproach,butwewilldiscussthis
issuelater.

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYROLLUP(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

Itispossibletodoapartialrolluptoreducethenumberofsubtotalscalculated.Theoutputfromthefollowingpartialrollupisshown
here(rolluppartial.txt).

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYfact_1_id,ROLLUP(fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

CUBE
Inadditiontothesubtotalsgeneratedbythe ROLLUP extension,the CUBE extensionwillgeneratesubtotalsforallcombinationsof
thedimensionsspecified.If"n"isthenumberofcolumnslistedinthe CUBE ,therewillbe2nsubtotalcombinations.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 7/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUE

114363.55
124794.76
134718.25
145387.45
155027.34
124291.35
215652.84
224583.02
235555.77
245936.67
254508.74
226237.04
110016.39
29377.78
310274.02
411324.12
59536.08
50528.39

18rowsselected.

SQL>

Asthenumberofdimensionsincrease,sodothecombinationsofsubtotalsthatneedtobecalculated,asshownbytheoutputofthe
followingquery,shownhere(cube.txt).
Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 8/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

Itispossibletodoapartialcubetoreducethenumberofsubtotalscalculated.Theoutputfromthefollowingpartialcubeisshown
here(cubepartial.txt).

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYfact_1_id,CUBE(fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

GROUPINGFunctions

GROUPING
Itcanbequiteeasytovisuallyidentifysubtotalsgeneratedbyrollupsandcubes,buttodoitprogramaticallyyoureallyneed
somethingmoreaccuratethanthepresenceofnullvaluesinthegroupingcolumns.Thisiswherethe GROUPING functioncomesin.It
acceptsasinglecolumnasaparameterandreturns"1"ifthecolumncontainsanullvaluegeneratedaspartofasubtotalbya
ROLLUP or CUBE operationor"0"foranyothervalue,includingstorednullvalues.

Thefollowingqueryisarepeatofapreviouscube,butthe GROUPING functionhasbeenaddedforeachofthedimensionsinthe


cube.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 9/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING(fact_1_id)ASf1g,
GROUPING(fact_2_id)ASf2g
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUEF1GF2G

114363.5500
124794.7600
134718.2500
145387.4500
155027.3400
124291.3501
215652.8400
224583.0200
235555.7700
245936.6700
254508.7400
226237.0401
110016.3910
29377.7810
310274.0210
411324.1210
59536.0810
50528.3911

18rowsselected.

SQL>

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 10/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

Fromthiswecansee:

F1G=0,F2G=0:Representsarowcontainingregularsubtotalwewouldexpectfroma GROUPBY operation.


F1G=0,F2G=1:Representsarowcontainingasubtotalforadistinctvalueofthe FACT_1_ID column,asgeneratedby ROLLUP
and CUBE operations.
F1G=1,F2G=0:Representsarowcontainingasubtotalforadistinctvalueofthe FACT_2_ID column,whichwewouldonlysee
ina CUBE operation.
F1G=1,F2G=1:Representsarowcontainingagrandtotalforthequery,asgeneratedby ROLLUP and CUBE operations.

Itwouldnowbeeasytowriteaprogramtoaccuratelyprocessthedata.

The GROUPING columnscanusedfororderingorfilteringresults.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 11/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING(fact_1_id)ASf1g,
GROUPING(fact_2_id)ASf2g
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
HAVINGGROUPING(fact_1_id)=1ORGROUPING(fact_2_id)=1
ORDERBYGROUPING(fact_1_id),GROUPING(fact_2_id);

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUEF1GF2G

124291.3501
226237.0401
411324.1210
310274.0210
29377.7810
110016.3910
59536.0810
50528.3911

8rowsselected.

SQL>

GROUPING_ID
The GROUPING_ID functionprovidesanalternateandmorecompactwaytoidentifysubtotalrows.Passingthedimensioncolumnsas
arguments,itreturnsanumberindicatingthe GROUPBY level.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 12/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUEGROUPING_ID

114363.550
124794.760
134718.250
145387.450
155027.340
124291.351
215652.840
224583.020
235555.770
245936.670
254508.740
226237.041
110016.392
29377.782
310274.022
411324.122
59536.082
50528.393

18rowsselected.

SQL>

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 13/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

GROUP_ID
It'spossibletowritequeriesthatreturntheduplicatesubtotals,whichcanbealittleconfusing.The GROUP_ID functionassignsthe
value"0"tothefirstset,andallsubsequentsetsgetassignedahighernumber.Thefollowingqueryforcesduplicatestoshowthe
GROUP_ID functioninaction.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 14/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)ASgrouping_id,
GROUP_ID()ASgroup_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYGROUPINGSETS(fact_1_id,CUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id))
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUEGROUPING_IDGROUP_ID

114363.5500
124794.7600
134718.2500
145387.4500
155027.3400
124291.3511
124291.3510
215652.8400
224583.0200
235555.7700
245936.6700
254508.7400
226237.0411
226237.0410
110016.3920
29377.7820
310274.0220
411324.1220
59536.0820
50528.3930

20rowsselected.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 15/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS


SQL>

Ifnecessary,youcouldthenfiltertheresultsusingthegroup.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 16/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)ASgrouping_id,
GROUP_ID()ASgroup_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYGROUPINGSETS(fact_1_id,CUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id))
HAVINGGROUP_ID()=0
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUEGROUPING_IDGROUP_ID

114363.5500
124794.7600
134718.2500
145387.4500
155027.3400
124291.3510
215652.8400
224583.0200
235555.7700
245936.6700
254508.7400
226237.0410
110016.3920
29377.7820
310274.0220
411324.1220
59536.0820
50528.3930

18rowsselected.

SQL>
Translate
GROUPINGSETS
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 17/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

GROUPINGSETS
Calculatingallpossiblesubtotalsinacube,especiallythosewithmanydimensions,canbequiteanintensiveprocess.Ifyoudon't
needallthesubtotals,thiscanrepresentaconsiderableamountofwastedeffort.Thefollowingcubewiththreedimensionsgives8
levelsofsubtotals(GROUPING_ID:07),shownhere(groupingsetscube.txt).

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

Ifweonlyneedafewoftheselevelsofsubtotalingwecanusethe GROUPINGSETS expressionandspecifyexactlywhichoneswe


need,savingushavingtocalculatethewholecube.Inthefollowingqueryweareonlyinterestedinsubtotalsforthe" FACT_1_ID,
FACT_2_ID "and" FACT_1_ID,FACT_3_ID "groups.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 18/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYGROUPINGSETS((fact_1_id,fact_2_id),(fact_1_id,fact_3_id))
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDFACT_3_IDSALES_VALUEGROUPING_ID

114363.551
124794.761
134718.251
145387.451
155027.341
112737.42
121854.292
132090.962
142605.172
152590.932
162506.92
171839.852
182953.042
192778.752
1102334.062
215652.841
224583.021
235555.771
245936.671
254508.741
213512.692
222847.942
232972.52
Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 19/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

242534.062
253115.992
262775.852
272208.192
282358.552
291884.112
2102027.162

30rowsselected.

SQL>

Noticehowwehavegonefromreturning198rowswith8subtotallevelsinthecube,tojust30rowswith2subtotallevels.

CompositeColumns
ROLLUP and CUBE considereachcolumnindependentlywhendecidingwhichsubtotalsmustbecalculated.For ROLLUP thismeans
steppingbackthroughthelisttodeterminethegroupings.

ROLLUP(a,b,c)
(a,b,c)
(a,b)
(a)
()

CUBE createsagroupingforeverypossiblecombinationofcolumns.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 20/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

CUBE(a,b,c)
(a,b,c)
(a,b)
(a,c)
(a)
(b,c)
(b)
(c)
()

Compositecolumnsallowcolumnstobegroupedtogetherwithbracessotheyaretreatedasasingleunitwhendeterminingthe
necessarygroupings.Inthefollowing ROLLUP columns"a"and"b"havebeenturnedintoacompositecolumnbytheadditional
braces.Asaresultthegroupof"a"isnotlongercalculatedasthecolumn"a"isonlypresentaspartofthecompositecolumninthe
statement.

ROLLUP((a,b),c)
(a,b,c)
(a,b)
()

Notconsidered:
(a)

Inasimilarway,thepossiblecombinationsofthefollowing CUBE arereducedbecausereferencesto"a"or"b"individuallyarenot


consideredastheyaretreatedasasinglecolumnwhenthegroupingsaredetermined.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 21/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

CUBE((a,b),c)
(a,b,c)
(a,b)
(c)
()

Notconsidered:
(a,c)
(a)
(b,c)
(b)

Theimpactofthisisshownclearlyinthefollowtwostatements,whoseoutputisshownhere(compositecolumn1.txt)andhere
(compositecolumn2.txt).Theregularcubereturns198rowsand8groups(07),whilethecubewiththecompositecolumnreturns
only121rowswith4groups(0,1,6,7)

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 22/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

RegularCube.
SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

Cubewithcompositecolumn.
SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYCUBE((fact_1_id,fact_2_id),fact_3_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id;

ConcatenatedGroupings
Concatenatedgroupingsaredefinedbyputtingtogethermultiple GROUPINGSETS , CUBE sor ROLLUP sseparatedbycommas.The
resultinggroupingsarethecrossproductofallthegroupsproducedbytheindividualgroupingsets.Itmightbealittleeasierto
understandwhatthismeansbylookingatanexample.Thefollowing GROUPINGSET resultsin2groupsofsubtotals,oneforthe
fact_1_id columnandoneforthe fact_id_2 column.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 23/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYGROUPINGSETS(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id;

FACT_1_IDFACT_2_IDSALES_VALUEGROUPING_ID

124291.351
226237.041
110016.392
29377.782
310274.022
411324.122
59536.082

7rowsselected.

SQL>

Thenext GROUPINGSET resultsinanother2groupsofsubtotals,oneforthe fact_3_id columnandoneforthe fact_4_id column.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 24/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

SELECTfact_3_id,
fact_4_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_3_id,fact_4_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYGROUPINGSETS(fact_3_id,fact_4_id)
ORDERBYfact_3_id,fact_4_id;

FACT_3_IDFACT_4_IDSALES_VALUEGROUPING_ID

16250.091
24702.231
35063.461
45139.231
55706.921
65282.751
74048.041
85311.591
94662.861
104361.221
14718.552
25439.12
34643.42
44515.32
55110.272
65910.782
74987.222
84846.252
95458.822
104898.72

20rowsselected.

SQL>
Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 25/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

Ifwecombinethemtogetherintoaconcatenatedgroupingweget4groupsofsubtotals.Theoutputofthefollowingqueryisshown
here(concatenatedgroupings.txt).

SELECTfact_1_id,
fact_2_id,
fact_3_id,
fact_4_id,
SUM(sales_value)ASsales_value,
GROUPING_ID(fact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id,fact_4_id)ASgrouping_id
FROMdimension_tab
GROUPBYGROUPINGSETS(fact_1_id,fact_2_id),GROUPINGSETS(fact_3_id,fact_4_id)
ORDERBYfact_1_id,fact_2_id,fact_3_id,fact_4_id;

Theoutputfromthepreviousthreequeriesproducethefollowinggroupings.

GROUPINGSETS(fact_1_id,fact_2_id)
(fact_1_id)
(fact_2_id)

GROUPINGSETS(fact_3_id,fact_4_id)
(fact_3_id)
(fact_4_id)

GROUPINGSETS(fact_1_id,fact_2_id),GROUPINGSETS(fact_3_id,fact_4_id)
(fact_1_id,fact_3_id)
(fact_1_id,fact_4_id)
(fact_2_id,fact_3_id)
(fact_2_id,fact_4_id)

Sowecanseethefinalcrossproductofthetwo GROUPINGSETS thatmakeuptheconcatenatedgrouping.Agenericsummary


wouldbeasfollows.

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 26/27
3/24/2017 ORACLEBASEROLLUP,CUBE,GROUPINGFunctionsandGROUPINGSETS

GROUPINGSETS(a,b),GROUPINGSETS(c,d)
(a,c)
(a,d)
(b,c)
(b,d)

Formoreinformationsee:

GROUPBY,ROLLUPandCUBEinOracle(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCm4IYNtfw)
SQLforAggregationinDataWarehouses(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25554/aggreg.htm)

Hopethishelps.RegardsTim...

BacktotheTop.

18comments,read/addthem...(/misc/comments?page_id=940)

Home(/)|Articles(/articles/articles)|Scripts(/dba/scripts)|Blog(/blog/)|Certification(/misc/ocpcertification)|Misc
(/misc/miscellaneous)|About(/misc/siteinfo)

AboutTimHall(/misc/siteinfo#biog)
Copyright&Disclaimer(/misc/siteinfo#copyright)

Translate
https://oraclebase.com/articles/misc/rollupcubegroupingfunctionsandgroupingsets#grouping_functions 27/27

You might also like