Scribd
Upload
262 views

Solved Problems PDF

The document contains solved problems related to signals and systems. Problem 1 expresses a signal in terms of unit step functions. Problem 2 determines whether a system is memoryless, causal, linear, time-invariant, or stable. Problem 3 evaluates the output of a system using analytical and graphical techniques. Subsequent problems derive differential and difference equations relating the output and input of various systems.

Uploaded by

Kesuma Dewi Ayu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
262 views

Solved Problems PDF

The document contains solved problems related to signals and systems. Problem 1 expresses a signal in terms of unit step functions. Problem 2 determines whether a system is memoryless, causal, linear, time-invariant, or stable. Problem 3 evaluates the output of a system using analytical and graphical techniques. Subsequent problems derive differential and difference equations relating the output and input of various systems.

Uploaded by

Kesuma Dewi Ayu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Solved Problems signals and systems

1. Express the signals shown in Fig. 1 in terms of unit step functions.

Fig. 1

Answer x(t ) u (t 1) 2u (t ) u (t 1) u (t 2) u (t 3)

2. Consider the system shown in Fig. 2. Determine whether it is (a) memoryless, ( b )causal, ( c ) linear,
( d ) time-invariant, or ( e ) stable.

Fig. 2


(a) From Fig. 2 we have y (t ) T x (t ) x (t ) cos c (t ) ; Since the value of the output y ( t ) depends on only
the present values of the input x( t ), the system is memoryless.

(b) E.g . t 5, y (5) x(5) cos c (5) ; Since the output y ( t ) does not depend on the future values of the input
x(t), the system is causal.

(c) Let x(t ) 1 x(t ) 2 x(t ). Then


y (t ) 1x1(t ) 2 x 2(t )cos c t
1x1 (t ) cos ct 2 x2 (t ) cos c t
1 y1 (t ) 2 y2 (t )
Thus, the system is linear.

(d) Let y1 (t ) x1 (t ) x (t t0 ) . Then


be the output produced by the shifted input
y1 (t ) T x(t t0 ) x(t t0 ) cos c (t )

But y (t t0 ) x(t t0 ) cos c (t t0 ) y1 (t ) . Hence, the system is not time-invariant.

Sopapun Suwansawang
Solved Problems signals and systems

(e) Since cos c t 1, we have


y (t ) x(t ) cos c t x(t )
Thus, if the input x(t) is bounded, then the output y(t) is also bounded and the system is BIB0 stable.

3. Evaluate y (t ) x(t ) h(t ), where x(t ) u (t ) u (t 3) and h(t ) u (t ) u (t 2)


(a) by an analytical technique, and (b) by a graphical method.

Sopapun Suwansawang
Solved Problems signals and systems

(b) by a graphical method.


Functions h( ), x( ) and h(t ), x( )h(t ) for different values of t are sketched in figure below.
We see that x( ) and h(t ) do not overlap for t 0 and t 5, and hence y (t ) 0 for t 0 and
t 5 . For the other intervals, x( ) and h(t ) overlap. Thus, computing the area under the rectangular
pluses for these intervals, we obtain

Sopapun Suwansawang
Solved Problems signals and systems

Sopapun Suwansawang
Solved Problems signals and systems

4. The continuous-time system consists of two integrators and two scalar multipliers. Write a differential
equation that relates the output y(t) and the input x( t ).

dw(t )
e(t ) a1w(t ) a2 y(t ) x(t ) -------------- (1)
dt
Since w(t ) is the input to the second integrator, we have
dy(t )
w(t )) -------------- (2)
dt
Substituting Eq. (2) into Eq. (1), we get

d 2 y (t ) dy(t )
a1 a2 y (t ) x(t )
dt 2 dt
d 2 y (t ) dy(t )
Or a1 a2 y (t ) x(t )
dt 2 dt

5. The impulse response h[n] of a discrete-time LTI system. (a). Determine and sketch the output y[n] of this
system to the input x[n]. (b) without using the convolution technique.

h[n] [n] [n 1] [n 2] [n 3] [n 4] [n 5] ,
x[n] [n 2] [n 4]
x[n] h[n] x[n] [n] [n 1] [n 2] [n 3] [n 4] [n 5]
x[n] x[n 1] x[n 2] x[n 3] x[n 4] x[n 5]

Sopapun Suwansawang
Solved Problems signals and systems

y[n] [n 2] [n 4] [n 3] [n 5] [n 4] [n 6] [n 5] [n 7]
[n 6] [n 8] [n 7] [n 9]
[n 2] [n 3] 2 [n 6] 2 [n 7] [n 8] [n 9]
y[n] 0,0,1,1,0,0,2,2,1,1

6. Consider the discrete-time system. Write a difference equation that relates the output y[n] and the input x[n].

Sopapun Suwansawang
Solved Problems signals and systems

7. Write the input-output equation for the system.

w[n]

w[n 1]
1
w[n] x[n] w[n 1] ---------------- (1)
2
y[n] 2w[n] w[n 1] ---------------- (2)
Solving Eqs.(1) and (2) for w[n] and w[n 1] in term of x[n] and y[n]
1
w[n 1] y[n] x[n] ---------------- (3)
2
1 1
w[n] y[n] x[n] ---------------- (4)
4 2
Changing n to (n 1) in Eq.(4)
1 1
w[n 1] y[n 1] x[n 1] ---------------- (5)
4 2
Thus, equating Eq.(4) and Eq.(5), we have
1 1 1
y[n] x[n] y[n 1] x[n 1]
2 4 2
Multiplying both sides of the above equation by 4
2 y[n] 4 x[n] y[n 1] 2 x[n 1]
and rearranging terms, we obtain
2 y[n] y[n 1] 4 x[n] 2 x[n 1]

Sopapun Suwansawang

You might also like