Aparece vs. J. Marketing Corporation

SECOND DIVISION
MARCIAL APARECE, G.R. No. 174224

Petitioner,
Present:
QUISUMBING, J.,
Chairperson,
- versus - CARPIO MORALES,
TINGA,
VELASCO, JR., and
BRION, JJ.
J. MARKETING CORPORATION
and/or ROGER L. AGUILLON,
Respondents. Promulgated:
October 17, 2008
x---------------------------------------------------------------------------x
DECISION
TINGA, J.:
Petitioner, Marcial Aparece, assails the Decision[1] of the Court of Appeals

dated April 18, 2006, which reversed and set aside the decisions of the Labor
Arbiter[2] and the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), declared him not
to have been illegally dismissed, but pronounced him entitled to 13th month pay.
It should be mentioned at the outset that in his complaint for illegal

dismissal,[3] petitioner claims that his employment woes stem from a personal
animosity borne towards him by J. Marketing Corporations (JMCs) branch
manager, respondent Roger Aguillon. He also refers to the incident at which the
company motorcycle used by him was temporarily lost as the cause of his
termination.
However, there are no material inconsistencies in the facts as found by the

labor arbiter and the NLRC and the following facts which appear in the assailed
Decision:
J. Marketing Corporation (JMC hereafter), is engaged in the

wholesale and retail of home appliances and motorcycle units. On 8
August 1994, it employed Marcial Aparece (Aparece for brevity), as
Credit Investigator/Collector with a salary of P4,200.00 per month. As
Credit Investigator/Collector, JMC provided him with a motorcycle unit
for his personal use in doing his tasks.
Sometime in August 1997, while Aparece was assigned in

the Butuan City area, Aparece lost seven (7) pages of the turn-over
sheets and 230 ledger cards, which was transmitted to him by Mr.
Balingan, Credit Investigator and Collector in the Butuan City area,
before the turn-over of area of collection. The loss was discovered by
JMC when it conducted the regular inventory of collections. Thus, on 25
August 1997, JMC issued a Memorandum warning Aparece that a
similar act of negligence will warrant his termination from service.
On 19 March 1998, Aparece lost Official Receipts bearing Nos.

519151D to 519200D during a field collection. Said incident was
reported to Mr. Roger Soyao, Executive Vice President and General
Manager of JMC. As a result, Aparece was subjected to six (6) days
suspension without pay.
xxx
In February 2000, Aparece, for several occasions, reported late for

work and would leave the office without permission, in violation of the
companys rules and regulations. A Memorandum dated 28 February
2000 was issued to Aparece warning him that a similar act will merit a
reprimand or suspension, if not termination.
xxx
Unmindful of all the memoranda and warnings issued, Aparece
was again caught sleeping while on duty. JMC also observed that
Aparece on repeated occasions does not report to the office before
noonbreak, as required. He was again issued a Memorandum by Vangie
Tionko dated 6 July 2000, which reads:
xxx
As a last straw to the test of JMCs patience, Apareces motorcycle

unit was reported missing after he left said motorcycle in front of the
JMC Office, sometime in August 2001. Although the motorcycle was
recovered, it was only after earnest efforts to locate it were made. [sic]
Branch Manager Roger Aguillon issued Aparece a Memorandum
reprimanding him for such negligent behavior.
Due to these numerous infractions, and after several memoranda

issued, Aparece was administratively investigated on 19 September
2001.
Thereafter, Aparece was notified of the investigation report and

consequent termination of his services, viz:
xxx
On 28 May 2002, Aparece filed a Complaint for illegal dismissal

before the National Labor Relations Commission, Regional Arbitration
Branch No. XIII, Butuan City. He prayed for backwages, salary
differential, separation pay and 13 th month pay. On 30 May 2002, the
Labor Arbiter issued Summons to the parties requiring them to appear
for mandatory conference scheduled on 20 June 2002.
Meantime, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

on 13 June 2002, conducted its regular visitation of JMCs
premises. Engr. Oliver H. Baranda, Labor Employment Officer III,
certified that JMC complied with the minimum wage requirements set by
law.
On 9 July 2002, the preliminary conference was held. The parties
failed to settle their differences, thus, the Labor Arbiter required them to
submit their respective position papers. On 19 August 2002, JMC filed
its position paper. However, on 23 august 2002, Aparece amended the
complaint to include, among others, claims for service incentive leave
pay, damages, double indemnity under R.A. [No.] 8188 and interest.
On 16 October 2002, Aparece filed his position paper. Thereafter,

the Labor Arbiter rendered a Decision [4] declaring Aparece illegally
dismissed.
Dissatisfied with the Labor Arbiters Decision, Aparece filed a
Notice of Partial Appeal with Appeal Memorandum, dated 1 November
2002, praying that the Decision dated 17 October 2002 be reconsidered,
by ordering the reinstatement of Aparece with full backwages, and for
JMC to pay Aparece double indemnity under R.A. [No.] 8188, monetary
equivalent of 15 days vacation leave per year of service and 15 days sick
leave per year of service, and interest of 12% per annum.
On 28 August 2003, public respondent while affirming the Labor

Arbiters decision also ordered the reinstatement of Aparece. [5]
Aggrieved, JMC seasonably filed a Motion for Reconsideration

but was denied.[6]
The Court of Appeals ruled that the NLRC committed grave abuse of
discretion when it dismissed JMCs appeal and affirmed the decision of the Labor
Arbiter. The appellate court declared that Aparece was validly dismissed and that
JMC had complied with the twin notice rule.
In its Resolution[7] dated June 21, 2006, the Court of Appeals denied
reconsideration.[8]
In his Petition for Review on Certiorari [9] dated August 23, 2006, petitioner
avers that the Court of Appeals should have dismissed JMCs petition due to lack of
proper verification. Aparece also alleges that he was not accorded procedural due
process before his termination because he was not served any notice of the charges
against him. He further claims that since he had already been punished for his
previous violations, to make these same offenses the basis for his termination
would penalize him twice for the same offense. At any rate, petitioner contends
that the acts imputed against him cannot be considered serious misconduct.
In its Comment[10] dated December 13, 2006, JMC merely quotes at length
the findings of fact and conclusions of the Court of Appeals. Petitioners Reply,
[11]
dated October 22, 2007, is also a mere reiteration of his submissions.
While we do not fully subscribe to petitioners contentions, we nonetheless

partially grant his petition.
Petitioner contends that the Court of Appeals should have dismissed JMCs
petition for lack of proper verification. The questioned verification states that,
Everything stated therein are (sic) true and correct of my own personal
knowledge[12] and lacks the phrase or based on authentic records.
Sec. 4, Rule 7 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure states that, A pleading is
verified by an affidavit that the affiant has read the pleading and that the
allegations therein are true and correct of his personal knowledge or based on
authentic records. As worded, the Rule dictates that a pleading may be verified
under either of the two given modes or under both.
The veracity of the allegations in a pleading may be affirmed based on either

ones own personal knowledge or on authentic records, or both, as warranted. The
use of the preposition or connotes that either source qualifies as a sufficient basis
for verification and that the concurrence of both sources is more than
sufficient. Bearing both a disjunctive and conjunctive sense, this parallel legal
signification avoids a construction that will exclude the combination of the
alternatives or bar the efficacy of any one of the alternatives standing alone.
Depending on the nature of the allegations in the petition, the verification may be
based either purely on personal knowledge, or entirely on authentic records, or on
both sources.[13]
In this case, the allegations in JMCs petition refer, for the main part, to the
proceedings before the labor arbiter and the NLRC as well as the various
memoranda and notices supposedly issued to herein petitioner calling his attention
to the infractions he had committed. The verification based on the personal
knowledge of the affiant, JMCs branch manager, Roger Aguillon, is arguably
insufficient because none of the memoranda mentioned in the petition were issued
by him. The deficiency, however, is not fatal considering the fact that petitioner
herein admittedly received all of the memoranda and notices of proceedings cited
in JMCs petition. Moreover, the defect is not jurisdictional and the appellate court
had apparently chosen to relax the application of the rules in this case. We shall
accordingly proceed to discuss the merits of its Decision.
The records disclose that prior to his termination on September 19, 2001,
petitioner received the following memoranda from JMC:
a. August 25, 1997Gross Negligence for loss of seven (7) pages turn-over
sheets and 230 ledger cards;
b. May 19, 1998Gross Negligence while performing duty for the loss of
company O.R. bearing Nos. 519151D to 5192000D. As a result,
complainant was meted with a six-(6) day suspension without pay. x x x
c. February 28, 2000Coming late and absence without permission.

Complainant was given a last warning. x x x
d. July 6, 2000Failure to report to office before noon break and sleeping

during office hours. Complainant was meted a suspension of three (3) days
without pay. x x x
e. September 19, 2001[C]ontinued violation of company policies and gross
negligence. [Complainant] negligently failed to keep his motorcycle unit
inside the JMC office before leaving the office and below par performance
as collector/credit investigator.[14]
The conduct of petitioner during his employment was short of the ideal. He
was undoubtedly negligent and careless with respect to his handling of company
property which resulted in the loss of the latters turn-over sheets, ledger cards, and
official receipts. Moreover, petitioner also committed a series of violations of
company policies. He had repeatedly failed to report for work before noon; left the
office without notice; slept while on duty; and failed to report to the office
after noon break. Petitioners conduct exhibited his nonchalance and insolence;
traits that have no place in a work setting.
The foregoing acts constitute gross negligence and serious misconduct

warranting petitioners dismissal. To justify the dismissal of an employee for
negligence, the act must not only be gross but also habitual, although it is not
necessary that the employer show that he has incurred actual loss, damage or
prejudice by reason of the employees conduct. [15] Serious misconduct, on the other
hand, is the transgression of some established and definite rule of action, a
forbidden act, a dereliction of duty, willful in character, and implies wrongful
intent and not mere error in judgment. For serious misconduct to warrant the
dismissal of an employee, it (1) must be serious; (2) must relate to the performance
of the employees duty; and (3) must show that the employee has become unfit to
continue working for the employer.[16]
Be that as it may, we find that JMC did not strictly comply with the well-
entrenched procedural due process requirements in the manner by which it
dismissed petitioner.
Book VI, Rule I, Section 2(d), of the Omnibus Rules Implementing the
Labor Code provides the procedure for terminating an employee, viz:
(d) In all cases of termination of employment, the following standards
of due process shall be substantially observed:
For termination of employment based on just causes as defined in
Article 282 of the Labor Code:
(i) A written notice served on the employee specifying the ground or
grounds for termination, and giving said employee reasonable
opportunity within which to explain his side.
(ii) A hearing or conference during which the employee concerned,
with the assistance of counsel if he so desires is given opportunity
to respond to the charge, present his evidence, or rebut the
evidence presented against him.
(iii) A written notice of termination served on the employee,
indicating that upon due consideration of all the circumstances,
grounds have been established to justify his termination.
In dismissing an employee, the employer has the burden of proving that the
former has been served two notices: (1) one to apprise him of the particular acts or
omissions for which his dismissal is sought, and (2) the other to inform him of his
employers decision to dismiss him.[17] The first notice must state that dismissal is
sought for the act or omission charged against the employee. Otherwise, the notice
cannot be considered sufficient compliance with the rules.[18]
Furthermore, the first notice must inform the employee outright that an
investigation will be conducted on the charges particularized therein which, if
proven, will result to his dismissal. Such notice must not only contain a plain
statement of the charges of malfeasance or misfeasance but must categorically state
the effect on his employment if the charges are proven to be true. [19] Obviously, the
purpose of the first notice is to afford the employee the opportunity to defend
himself against the charges hurled against him.
In this case, petitioner was warned in four memoranda that the commission
of further violations will merit a stiffer penalty, possibly termination. However,
these memoranda were issued by JMC on August 25, 1997, May 28, 1998,
February 28, 2000 and July 6, 2000, all more than a year prior to petitioners actual
termination. Although petitioner admitted that an investigation was conducted,
[20]
the appellate courts pronouncement that the memoranda issued by JMC satisfy
the first notice requirement is still quite unsettling.
In Agabon v. NLRC,[21] the Court ruled that where the dismissal is for a just
cause, as in this case, the lack of statutory due process should not nullify the
dismissal, or render it illegal or ineffectual. Neither should the employer be
required to pay the employee back wages. However, the employer should
indemnify the employee for the violation of his statutory right in the form of
nominal damages the amount of which is addressed to the sound discretion of the
court, taking into account the relevant circumstances.[22]
Considering that an investigation was admittedly conducted although no

formal first notice apprising petitioner of the charges for which his dismissal was
sought was given, nominal damages in the amount of P30,000.00 should suffice.
This amount should adequately serve to deter employers from future violations of
the statutory due process rights of employees.
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED IN PART. The Decision of the

Court of Appeals in CA G.R. SP No. 84568, dated April 18, 2006, and its
Resolution, dated June 21, 2006, are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Decision
of the Labor Arbiter dated October 17, 2002 is REINSTATED with
MODIFICATION, deleting the award of backwages and separation
pay. Respondent J. Marketing Corporation is ordered to pay petitioner Marcial
Aparece nominal damages in the amount of P30,000.00. No pronouncement as to
costs.
SO ORDERED.

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SECOND DIVISION

MARCIAL APARECE, G.R. No. 174224

Petitioner, Marcial Aparece, assails the Decision[1] of the Court of Appeals

It should be mentioned at the outset that in his complaint for illegal

However, there are no material inconsistencies in the facts as found by the

J. Marketing Corporation (JMC hereafter), is engaged in the

Sometime in August 1997, while Aparece was assigned in

On 19 March 1998, Aparece lost Official Receipts bearing Nos.

In February 2000, Aparece, for several occasions, reported late for

As a last straw to the test of JMCs patience, Apareces motorcycle

Due to these numerous infractions, and after several memoranda

Thereafter, Aparece was notified of the investigation report and

On 28 May 2002, Aparece filed a Complaint for illegal dismissal

Meantime, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

On 16 October 2002, Aparece filed his position paper. Thereafter,

On 28 August 2003, public respondent while affirming the Labor

Aggrieved, JMC seasonably filed a Motion for Reconsideration

While we do not fully subscribe to petitioners contentions, we nonetheless

The veracity of the allegations in a pleading may be affirmed based on either

c. February 28, 2000Coming late and absence without permission.

d. July 6, 2000Failure to report to office before noon break and sleeping

The foregoing acts constitute gross negligence and serious misconduct

Considering that an investigation was admittedly conducted although no

WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED IN PART. The Decision of the

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