ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Fill In the blanks (In some cases you may have to choose among some given options in
bracket)

1. The mass of a hydrogen atom is kg. (1982-1 Mark)

2. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of.. in their nuclei.

(1982-1 Mark)

3. When there are two electrons in the same orbital they have spins.
(1982-1 Mark)

4. Elements of the same mass number but of different atomic numbers are known
as. (1983-1 Mark)

5. The uncertainity principle and the concept of wave nature of matter were proposed
by.. and.. respectively. (Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Maxwell, de
Broglie) (1988-1 Mark)

6. The light radiations with discrete quantities of energy are called.

(1993-1 Mark)

7. Wave functions of electrons in atoms and molecules are called..

(1993-1 Mark)

8. The 2px, 2py and 2pz orbitals of atom have identical shapes but differ in their
(1993-1 Mark)

9. The outermost electronic configuration of Cr is.

(1994-1 Mark)

True/False

1. The outer electronic configuration of the ground state chromium atom is 3d44s2.
(1982-1 Mark)

2. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiations of wavelength of 106 cm to 105 cm.

(1983-1 Mark)

3. The energy of the electron in the 3d-orbital is less than that in the 4s-orbital in the hydrogen
atom. (1983-1 Mark)

4. The electron density in the XY plane in 3d x 2 y2 orbital is zero. (1986-1 Mark)

5. In a given electric field, -particles are deflected more than -particles in spite of -particles
having larger charge. (1993-1 Mark)
 Atomic Structure 2

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE correct answer

1. Rutherfords experiment on scattering of -particles showed for the first time that the atom
has
(a) electrons (b) proton
(c) nucleus (d) neutrons (1981-1 Mark)

2. Any p-orbital can accommodate upto

(a) four electrons (b) six electron
(c) two electrons with parallel spins (d) two electrons with opposite spins
(1983-1 Mark)

3. The principal quantum number of an atom is related to the

(a) size of the orbital (b) spin angular momentum
(c) orbital angular momentum (d) orientation of the orbital in space
(1983-1 Mark)

4. Rutherfords scattering experiment is related to the size of the

(a) nucleus (b) atom
(c) electron (d) neutron (1983-1 Mark)

5. The increasing order (lowest first) for the values of e/m (charge/mass) for electron (e), proton
(p), neutron (n) and alpha particle (a) is:
(a) e, p ,n, a (b) n, p, e, a
(c) n, p, a, e (d) n, a, p, e (1984-1 Mark)

6. Correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence (outermost) electron of rubidium
(Z = 37) is:
(a) 5, 0, 0, +1/2 (b) 5, 1, 0, +1/2
(c) 5, 1, 1, +1/2 (d) 6, 0, 0, +1/2 (1984-1 Mark)

7. Which electronic level would allow the hydrogen atom to absorb a photon but not to emit a
photon?
(a) 3s (b) 2p
(c) 2s (d) 1s (1984-1 Mark)

8. Bohr model can explain:

(a) the spectrum of hydrogen atom only
(b) spectrum of an atom or ion containing one electron only
(c) the spectrum of hydrogen molecule
(d) the solar spectrum (1985-1 Mark)

9. The radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of:

(a) 1010 cm (b) 1013
(c) 1015 cm (d) 108 cm (1985-1 Mark)

10. Electromagnetic radiation with maximum wavelength is

(a) ultraviolet (b) radio wave
(c) X-ray (d) infrared (1985-1 Mark)

11. Rutherfords alpha particle scattering experiment eventually led to the conclusion that:
(a) mass and energy are related
(b) electrons occupy space around the nucleus
(c) neutrons are buried deep in the nucleus.
(d) the point of impact with matter can be precisely determined. (1986-1 Mark)
 Atomic Structure 3

12. Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers represents an impossible
arrangement?
n I m I ms
(A) 3 2 2 1/2
(B) 4 0 0 1/2
(C) 3 2 3 1/2
(D) 5 3 0 1/2 (1986-1 Mark)

13. The ratio of the energy of a photon of 2000A0 wavelength radiation to that of 4000A0
radiation is:
(a) 1/4 (b) 4
(c) 1/2 (d) 2 (1986-1 Mark)

14. The triad of nuclei that is isotonic is

(A) 14 15 17
6 C, 7 N, 9 F (B) 12
6 C,
14
7 N,
19
9 F
14 14 17 14 14 19
(C) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F (D) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F (1988-1 Mark)

15. The wavelength of a spectral line for an electronic transition is inversely related to:
(a) The number of electrons undergoing the transition
(b) The nuclear charge of the atom
(c) The difference in the energy of the energy levels involved in the transition
(d) The velocity of the electron undergoing the transition. (1988-1 Mark)

16. The orbital diagram in which the Aufbau.principle is violated is:

2s 2p 2s 2p
(A) (B)

2s 2p 2s 2p
(C) (D)

(1988-1 Mark)

17. The outermost electronic configuration of the most electronegative element is

(a) ns2np3 (b) ns2np4
(c) ns2np5 (d) ns2np6 (1988-1 Mark)

18. The correct ground state electronic configuration of chromium atom is:
(a) [Ar] 4d54s1 (b) [Ar] 3d44s2
6 0
(c) [Ar] 3d 4s (d) [Ar] 4d55s1 (1989-1 Mark)

19. The correct set of quantum numbers for the unpaired electron of chlorine atom is:
n l m
(A) 2 1 0
(B) 2 1 1
(C) 3 1 1
(D) 3 0 0 (1989-1 Mark)

20. Which of the following does not characterize X-rays?

(a) The radiation can ionize gases
(b) It causes ZnS to fluoresce
(c) Deflected by electric and magnetic fields
(d) Have wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet rays (1992-1 Mark)

21. Which of the following relates to photons both as wave motion and as a stream of particles?
(a) Inference (b) E = mc2
(c) Diffraction (d) E = h (1922-1 Mark)
 Atomic Structure 4

22. A 3p orbital has

(a) two non spherical nodes (b) two spherical nodes
(c) one spherical & one non spherical node (d) one spherical and two non spherical nodes
(1995-1 Mark)

23. The orbital angular momentum of an electron in 2s orbital is:

1 h
(a) . (b) Zero
2 2
h h
(c) (d) 2. (1996-1 Mark)
2 2

24. The first use of quantum theory to explain the structure of atom was made by
(a) Heisenberg (b) Bohr
(c) Planck (d) Einstein (1997-1 Mark)

25. For a d-electron, the orbital angular momentum is

(a) 6 h / 2 (b) 2 h / 2
(c) (h/2) (d) 2(h/2) (1997-1 Mark)

30
26. Assertion: Nuclide 13 Al is less stable than 40
20 Ca
Reason: Nuclides having odd number of protons and neutrons are generally unstable.
(a) If both assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are correct, but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
(d) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct. (1998-2 Marks)

27. The electrons, identified by quantum numbers n and I, (i) n = 4, l = 1, (ii) n = 4, I = 0,

(iii) n = 3, l = 2, and (iv) n = 3, I = 1 can be placed in order of increasing energy, from the
lowest to highest, as
(a) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i) (b) (ii) < (iv) < (I) < (iii)
(c) (i) < (iii) < (ii) < (iv) (d) (iii) < (i) < (iv) < (ii) (1999-2 Marks)

28. The number of nodal planes in a px orbital is

(a) one (b) two
(c) three (d) zero (2000-Scr.)

29. The electronic configuration of an element is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1. This represents its
(a) excited state (b) ground state
(c) cationic form (d) anionic form (2000-Scr.)

30. The wavelength associated with a golf ball weighing 200 g and moving at a speed of 5 m/h is
of the order
(a) 1010 m (b) 1020 m
30
(c) 10 m (d) 1040 m (2001-Scr.)

31. The quantum numbers +1/2 and 1/2 for the electron spin represent
(a) rotation of the electron in clockwise and anticlockwise direction respectively
(b) rotation of the electron in anticlockwise and clockwise direction respectively
(c) magnetic moment of the electron pointing up and down respectively
(d) two quantum mechanical spin states which have no classical analogue
(2002-Scr.)
 Atomic Structure 5

32. Rutherfords experiment, which established the nuclear model of the atom, used a beam of
(a) -particles, which impinged on a metal foil and got absorbed
(b) -rays, which impinged on a metal foil and ejected electrons
(c) helium atoms, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered
(d) helium nuclei, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered (2002-Scr.)

33. If the nitrogen atom has electronic configuration 1s7, it would have energy lower than that of
the normal ground state configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p3 because the electrons would be closer to the
nucleus. Yet 1s7 it is not observed because it violates.
(a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle (b) Hunds rule
(c) Pauli exclusion, principle (d) Bohr postulate of stationary orbits
(2002-Scr.)

34. The radius of which of the following orbit is same as that of the first Bohrs orbit of hydrogen
atom?
(a) He+ (n = 2) (b) Li2+ (n = 2)
2+
(c) Li (n = 3) (d) Be3+ (n = 2) (2004-Scr.)

35. The number of radial nodes of 3s and 2p orbitals are respectively

(a) 2, 0 (b) 0, 2
(c) 1, 2 (d) 2, 1 (2005-Scr.)
 Atomic Structure 6

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE MORE THAN ONE correct answer:

76
1. An isotone of 32 Ge is
76 77
(a) 32 Ge (b) 33 As
77 78
(c) 34 Se (d) 34 Se (1984-1 Mark)

2. Many elements have non-integral atomic masses because:

(a) they have isotopes
(b) their isotopes have non-integral masses
(c) their isotopes have different masses
(d) the constituents, neutrons, protons and electrons, combine to give fractional masses
(1984-1 Mark)

3. When alpha particles are sent through a thin metal foil, most of them go straight through the
foil because
(a) alpha particles are much heavier than electrons
(b) alpha particles are positively charged
(c) most part of the atom is empty space
(d) alpha particle move with high velocity (1984-1 Mark)

4. The sum of the number of neutrons and proton in the isotope of hydrogen is:
(a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 3 (1986-1 Mark)

5. The energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of H atom is 13.6 eV. The possible energy
value(s) of the excited state(s) for electrons in Bohr orbits of hydrogen is (are)
(a) 3.4 eV (b) 4.2 eV
(c) 6.8 eV (d) +6.8 eV (1998-2 Marks)

6. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?

(a) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d54s1. (Atomic Number of Cr = 24)
(b) The magnetic quantum number may have a negative value.
(C) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type. (Atomic
Number of Ag = 47)
(d) The oxidation state of nitrogen in HN3 is 3. (1998-2 Marks)

7. Decrease in atomic number is observed during

(a) alpha emission (b) beta emission
(c) positron emission (d) electron capture. (1998-2 Marks)

8. Ground state electronic configuration of nitrogen atom can be represented by

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
(1999-3 Mark)
 Atomic Structure 7

Subjective Problem:

1. The energy of the electron in the second and the third Bohrs orbits of the hydrogen atom is
5.42 1012 erg and 2.41 1012 erg respectively. Calculate the wavelength of the emitted
radiation when the electron drops from the third to the second orbit. (1981-3 Marks)

2. Calculate the wavelength in Angstroms of the photon that is emitted when an electron in the
Bohr orbit, n = 2 returns to the orbit, n = 1 in the hydrogen atom. The ionization potential of
the ground state hydrogen atom is 2.17 l011erg per atom. (1982-4 Marks)

3. The electron energy in hydrogen atom is given by E = (21.7 1012)/n2 ergs. Calculate the
energy required to remove an electron completely from the n = 2 orbit. What is the longest
wavelength (in cm) of light that can be used to cause this transition? (1984-3 Marks)

4. Give reasons why the ground state outermost electronic configuration of silicon is:
3s 3p

and not (1985-2 Marks)

5. What is the maximum number that may be present in all the atomic orbitals with principal
quantum nun 3 and azimuthal quantum number 2? (1985-2 Marks)

6. According to Bohrs theory, the electronic of hydrogen atom in the nth Bohrs orbit is given
21.76 1019
by E n J . Calculate the longest wavelength of light that will be needed to
n2
remove n an electron from the third Bohr orbit of the He ion. (1990-3 Marks)

7. Estimate the difference in energy between 1st and 2nd Bohr orbit for a hydrogen atom. At
what minimum atomic number, a transition from n = 2 to n = 1 energy level would result in
8
the emission of X-rays with = 3.0 10 m. Which hydrogen atom-like species does this
atomic number correspond to? (1993-5 Marks)

8. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength as the Balmer
transition n = 4 to n = 2 of He+ spectrum? (1993-3 Marks)

9. Find out the number of waves made by a Bohr electron in one complete revolution in its 3rd
orbit. (1994-3 Marks)

10. lodine molecule dissociates into atoms after absorbing light of 4500 A0 . If one quantum of
radiation is absorbed by each molecule, calculate the kinetic energy of iodine atoms.
(Bond energy of I2 = 240kJ mol1) (1995-2 Marks)

11. Calculate the wave number for the shortest wavelength transition in the Balmer series of
atomic hydrogen. (1996-1 Mark)

12 Consider the hydrogen atom to be a proton embedded in a cavity of radius a (Bohr radius)
whose charge is neutralized by the addition of an electron to the cavity in vacuum, infinitely
slowly. Estimate the average total energy of an electron in its ground state in a hydrogen
atom as the work done in the above neutralization process. Also, if the magnitude of the
average kinetic energy is half the magnitude of the average potential energy, find the
average potential energy. (1996-2 Marks)
 Atomic Structure 8

13. With what velocity should an -particle travel towards the nucleus of a copper atom so as to
arrive at a distance 1013 metre from the nucleus of the copper atom? (1997-3 Marks)
14. An electron beam can undergo diffraction by crystals. Through what potential should a beam
of electrons be accelerated so that its wavelength becomes equal to 1.54 A.
(1997-2 Marks)

15. Calculate the energy required to excite one litre of hydrogen gas at 1atm and 298 K to the
first excited state of atomic hydrogen. The energy for the dissociation of HH bond is
436 kJmol1. (2004-4 Marks)

16. Wavelength of high energy transition of Hatoms is 91.2 nm. Calculate the corresponding
wavelength of He atoms. (2003-2 Marks)

17. The Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom is

3/ 2
1 1 r0 r / a
2s 2 e 0 0
4 2 a 0 a 0
Where a0 is Bohrs radius, if the radial node in 2s be at r0 then find r0 in terms of a0?
(2004-2 Marks)

18. A ball of mass 100 g is moving with 100 ms1. Find its wavelength. Find out atomic number
and mass number of the element X. Also identify the element. (2004-1 Mark)

19. Find the velocity (ms1) of electron in first Bohrs orbit of radius a 0. Also find the de Broglies
wavelength (in m). Find the orbital angular momentum of 2p orbital of hydrogen atom in units
h
of . (2005-1 Marks)
2
 Atomic Structure 9

ANSWERS

A 1. 1.66 1027 2. neutrons 3. antiparallel 4. isobars

5. Heisenberg, de-Broglie 6. Photons 7. Orbitals

8. Orientation in space 9. 3d5 4s1

B 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F

5. T

C 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a)

5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b)

9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (c)

13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (b)

17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (c)

21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b)

25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (a)

29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (d)

33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (a)

D 1. (b, d) 2. (a, c) 3. (a, c) 4. (d)

5. (a) 6. (a, b, c) 7. (a, c, d) 8. (a, d)

o o
E 1. 6.582 A 2. 1120 A 3. 5.42 10 12 ergs, 3.67 10 5 cm
o
5. 10 6. 2055 A 7. 10.22 eV, 2, He+
8. n = 2 to n = 1 9. 3 10. 2.165 10 20
2
e e2
11. 27419.25 cm1 12. ,
4o .ao 2o .ao
13. 6.3 106 m / s 14. 63.3 volt 15. 98.17 kJ
16. 22.8 nm 17. 2ao 18. 6.627 10 35 m
h
19. 3.34 1010 m, 2
2