CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access is based on spread spectrum technology.

Since it is suitable
for encrypted transmissions, it has long been used for military purposes. CDMA increases spectrum
capacity by allowing all users to occupy all channels at the same time. Transmissions are spread
over the whole radio band, and each voice or data call are assigned a unique code to differentiate
from the other calls carried over the same spectrum. CDMA allows for a soft hand-off , which
means that terminals can communicate with several base stations at the same time. The dominant
radio interface for third-generation mobile, or IMT-2000, will be a wideband version of CDMA with
three modes (IMT-DS, IMT-MC and IMT-TC).

http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/imt-2000/technology.html

Definition: IMT-2000 is simply a term used by the International

Telecommunications Union (ITU) to refer to many third generation (3G) wireless
technology, that provide higher data speed between mobile phones and base
antennas.

Also Known As: IMT2000, IMT stands for "International Mobile Telecommunications"

http://cellphones.about.com/library/glossary/bldef_imt-2000.htm

1. ITU Structure

3 sectors:

Radiocommunication

Telecommunication

Standardization

Telecommunication

Development

http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech/events/2005/Damascus2005/Presentations/Day
%201/Damascus_1_2_1.PDF

Definition: A high speed third generation cellular technology adopted as a standard by the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) under the name &IMT-2000 direct spread&. WCDMA
can reach speeds from 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps, which represents from 6 to 35 times more than what
regular landline modems can do. At that speed, wideband services such as streaming video and
video-conference.

Alternate Spellings: WCDMA stands for &Wideband Code Division Multiple Access&

http://cellphones.about.com/od/cell_phone_glossary/g/wcdma.htm

strucrure and concept IMT 2000

IMT-Advanced provides a global platform on which to build the next generations of
mobile services - fast data access, unified messaging and broadband multimedia - in the
form of exciting new interactive services.

IMT-Advanced systems support low to high mobility applications and a wide range of data rates in
accordance with user and service demands in multiple user environments. IMT Advanced also has
capabilities for high quality multimedia applications within a wide range of services and platforms,
providing a significant improvement in performance and quality of service.

http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&rlink=imt-advanced&lang=en

The concept of a small, light weight and convenient pocket communicator is a

fundamental part of IMT-2000, and providesterminal mobility, which is
complementary to the personal mobility and service profile management provided
by Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT).

http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr01/imt.htm

3.2. Code Division Multiple Access Protocols (CDMA MAC Protocols).

all the nodes in a cell transmit on the channel simultaneously using the orthogonal utilizing the
whole spectrum. Spread-spectrum techniques are frequency hopping and direct sequence. In
frequency hopped spread spectrum the users transmit their data on spectrum which is generated
by varying the frequencies according to algorithm

3.2.1 A MAC Protocol for a Cellular Packet CDMA Carrying Multi rate CDMA

This protocol is designed for a direct sequence CDMA (DS CDMA) cellular network carrying multiple
traffic types [12].It is a packet oriented MAC protocol which can handle different traffic types with
priorities. The users are classified into different types based on their traffic rate.

http://airccse.org/journal/ijcses/papers/1111ijcses05.pdf

IMT-2000
Family of Systems Concept
with the understanding that
IMT-2000 standardization work
is to be carried out in close
cooperation with regional
standards bodies

Global roaming and seamless

service provision to subscribers
are key operator targets

Birth of IMT-2000
 The concept of IMT came into existence in the mid-1980s at ITU. It took more than ten years
for the approval of standards for the next generation systems. These standards are branded
as IMT-2000. Under the technical specifications the spectrum between 400 MHz and 3 GHz
was dictated technically suitable for the third generation. IMT-2000 is the result of
collaboration of many entities, inside the ITU (ITU-R and ITU-T), and outside the ITU (3GPP,
3GPP2, UWCC and so on). This approval has made possible the full interoperability and
interworking of mobile systems.

CDMA 2000 Protocol Analyzer

This figure shows an overview of a CDMA2000 radio system. This diagram

shows that there are several types of devices that can be used in the
CDMA2000 system. These include CDMA2000 multiple bandwidth radios
and IS-95 CDMA compatible mobile telephones. The CDMA2000 mobile
telephone devices are usually capable of operating as IS-95 CDMA and
CDMA2000 mobile radios. This diagram also shows that the CDMA2000
system can mix and combine standard 1.25 MHz wide IS-95 channels into
the 3.75 MHz CDMA2000 channels.