Computer application and information system

management
MBD 206
CAISM

Why CPU is referred as a brain of the computer system?

Do you think it is good idea to use this term to describe
the cpu? why
Its a loose analogy to real brains; humans and (most) other critters do things
involving high level data processing in their brains - calculations, sensory
processing, all that sort of stuff. Via the nervous system, the brain gets input
from other parts of the body, and sends out orders to run the wider organism.
The brain is also the most densely complex and mysterious organ in the body.

In a computer, the CPU does most of the main data processing as well - thats
where the bulk of the high level calculations and processing happen, and its by
far the most densely complex part of the computer (at least until modern GPUs
started doing their thing). Likewise it gets input from a variety of sources
connected to it, and sends orders back out that run the show around the rest of
the machine.

The memory part does break away a bit - computers keep their short
term/working memory elsewhere (RAM chips) and their long term memory
elsewhere again (hard drives). CPUs could be said to have a form of working
memory I suppose, with their caches.

An important thing to remember is that this is just a rough analogy; brains and
computers really have nothing to do with each other, and function in totally
different ways that just dont compare to each other. (For one thing,
we know how computers work, we dont know how brains work to any great
degree).

Laypeople tend to get carried away with this and talk about computers
thinking or how relatively smart or intelligent they are vs humans, or
 when theyll start having emotions or consciousness (whatever that means).
It doesnt work that way - calling a CPU a brain just means that its the thing
that runs the show and does most of the work, not that it has anything at all to
do with human or animal brains.

Actually, the CPU also known as Microprocessor is the brain of your

computer. It responsible for everything your computer does. Hence, the CPU
will process almost all the instructions necessary for your computer to perform
its duties and it will affect the overall speed and performance of the computer.
Normally, when you buy a CPU it is in a box. Inside the box contains the CPU,
heat sink and CPU fan. The followings are the pictures of Intel CPU (left),
AMD CPU (middle), and heat sink & fan(right).

CPU Brand: Intel and AMD. The two major manufacturers of CPUs for
personal computers areIntel and AMD. Then, people always ask, which is
better? The truth is that most users won't see any difference between the two
because both of them are more or less same. And since both companies
introduce faster versions of most of their CPU models several times a year, this
month's performance leader will be a mid-range version a year from now.
To see which CPU is installed in your system, go to the Windows System
Properties utility. If your computer is running Windows XP, all you have to do
is follow these steps:

On the computer desktop, right-click My Computer and

choose Properties.
From the System Properties dialog box displayed, click the General tab.
 The System: section of this dialog box tells you which version of
Windows you're running;
The Registered to: section tells you who you are (or, rather, how your
version of Windows is registered);
The Computer: section tells which type of processor and how much
memory (RAM) you have installed.
The table below shows the both CPUs families:

Processor
Manufacturer Recommended Usage
Type
Intel Celeron Basic computing," e-mail, home computers*
Celeron M Laptop (notebook) computers
Celeron D "Value-priced PCs"*
Digital home and office applications"* Image
Pentium 4
processing, games and multimedia
Pentium M High performance laptop computers
Pentium D Multimedia entertainment, digital photo editing,
 running multiple applications, supporting
(Dual-core)
multiple users
Core Solo Very-high-performance laptop computers
"Multiple demanding applications such as
Core Duo graphics-intensive games or serious number-
(Dual-core) crunching programs-while downloading music or
running security programs in the background."*
High-performance energy-efficient desktop and
Core 2 Duo
mobile computers
Business applications, including Application
Xeon
servers, e-mail servers, Internet servers
"Business-critical computing with mainframe-
Itanium
class reliability"*
AMD Sempron "Everyday computing with built-in security"*
"Leading edge performance with simultaneous
Athlon 64
32-bit and 64-bit computing"*
Athlon 64
X2 Dual Running multiple applications simultaneously
Core
Athlon 64 Running "the next generation of digital media and
FX games"*
"Optimized to deliver AMD64 performance in
Turion 64
thinner and lighter notebook PCs"*
Multi-tasking, long battery life and compatibility
Turion 64
with wireless and graphics technologies in high-
X2
performance laptops
Opteron Servers and workstations running simultaneous
(multi-core) 32- and 64-bit computing
*Quotes are taken from the official Web site of the product listed.
CPU Speed
The speed of CPU is measured by frequency in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz
(GHz) with 1 GHz equals to 1000 MHz.
Example: 1.0GHz, 1.1 GHz, 1.13 GHz, 1.2 GHz, 1.3 GHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.5 GHz,
1.6 GHz, 1.7GHz, 1.8GHz, 1.9 GHz 2.0 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.2 GHz, 2.3 GHz,
2.4GHz, 2.53GHz, 2.6GHz, 2.8GHz, 3.0GHz, 3.2GHz, 3.4GHz, 3.6GHz or
whatever latest.
2)Discuss the benefits of using object linking and embedding(OLE)capabilities

of newer operating systems. Can you think of a task where ole is helpful?
What types of documents can someone use creating using OLE? give examples

OLE stands for object linking and embedding, a capability introduced into
Microsoft Windows 3.1. OLE gives all Windows applications a standard way for
incorporating objects created in one program into documents created with other
programs.

Benefits of using object linking and embedding capabilities

Controllable Information

You can maintain control over the source through object linking. The link goes
back to information that you can control, so you can quickly and conveniently
update the information or graphic without needing to point the user to a new
source. A person can go back and revisit the link over and over again to get the
new information.

Convenience

An embedded file can be quite convenient for users of the presentation or

document, as they will be able to view the file or graphic right in the document
without having to click through a link or follow a web address, which may
require the user to log in first or jump through other hurdles.

Restricted Access

All users have to have access to the file and the application that runs it, which
may prove to be a disadvantage if you have people who need to access the link
who don't have the right permissions or who aren't able to install the correct
program. In that case, your presentation or document is only as good as the
privileges or software that your users have. This is not as big of a problem if
you have a lot of users who are on the same network or work in the same office.

Embed Problems

An embedded file will show up as just a snapshot or it won't be displayed at all

if a user can't obtain access to the file. This can derail a critical presentation or
document that depends on the information you are embedding within it. You
may have to test the embed from the systems that will need to reach it to ensure
that it works, which may take a lot of time to do.

An object might be a passage of formatted text, a part of a spreadsheet, some sounds,

or a picture. Unlike information that you copy from one document and paste into
another the standard way, a linked or embedded object retains a connection to the
application that originally created it. You can return to that application to edit the
object whenever you want to just by double-clicking on the object-you don't have to
bother with finding the icon for the application, loading the right file, and so on.
Better yet, the changes you make automatically appear in the document where you
linked or embedded the object.

When you embed an object, you place a copy of the information into your
document. This copy is connected to the original application, but not to a particular
document in that application. The only advantage to embedding an object instead of
copying the information the ordinary way is that you can edit the object more
conveniently.

By contrast, when you link an object, you place a "reference" to a particular

document from another application into the document you're working with. Let's say
you have a spreadsheet that totals your third quarter sales figures. You link that
spreadsheet document into a report you're preparing in your word processor. Later,
when revised sales figures come in, you go back to the spreadsheet application and
change the numbers. The next time you open the report document in your word
processor, the new figures from the spreadsheet appear automatically in the report.
This is the same idea as a "hot link," and it may help to read the generic definition
for link.

OLE only works if both applications involved have been designed to use it, and even
then it may only work in one direction (like, you can link a graphic into a text
document, but not text into a graphic document). And it doesn't work exactly the
same way in every application. Even so, it's easier and more consistent than the old
method, called DDE.

Part B
Briefly discuss the unique features of ecommerce digital markets and
digital goods

What is E-commerce? E-commerce is a business model or a larger business model that

allows companies or individuals through the electronic network and is usually the type of
business segments in the internet. E-commerce is also can do business it can provide a
new way to companies of all sizes to create new relationships and extended relational
operations on the basis of the now, website and network activity. E-commerce levels the
playing field for any organization that chooses to participate, small or large. In addition,
also can buy or sell goods and products on the internet. Can any trades through
electronic measures can be the electronic commerce, and without using any paper
documents, electronic commerce is subdivided into three categories: business to
business in B2B, business to consumer or B2C and consumer to consumer or C2C. E-
commerce includes a full variety of pre-sale and customer service activities.
What is B2B (Business To Business)? B2B is a type of between manufacturers
and wholesalers or wholesalers and retailers. Business to business refers to the
business between the company rather than the company and personal
consumption. What is B2C (Business to Customer)? B2C is also the trading
between consumers. For example, to promote their products or services to the
users directly between business and transaction. What is C2C (Customer to
Customer)? C2C is the promotion and interaction between benefit and customer.
Customer to customer is to provide location and talk to people, exchange and
trading with other people.

Seven Unique features of E-commerce

1. Ubiquity- The traditional business market is a physical place, access to treatment
by means of document circulation. For example, clothes and shoes are usually
directed to encourage customers to go somewhere to buy. E-commerce is
ubiquitous meaning that it can be everywhere. E-commerce is the worlds reduce
cognitive energy required to complete the task.

2. Global Reach- E-commerce allows business transactions on the cross country

bound can be more convenient and more effective as compared with the
traditional commerce. On the e-commerce businesses potential market scale is
roughly equivalent to the network the size of the world's population.

3. Universal Standards- E-commerce technologies is an unusual feature, is the

technical standard of the Internet, so to carry out the technical standard of e-
commerce is shared by all countries around the world standard. Standard can
greatly affect the market entry cost and considering the cost of the goods on the
market. The standard can make technology business existing become more
easily, which can reduce the cost, technique of indirect costs in addition can set
the electronic commerce website 10$ / month.

4. Richness- Advertising and branding are an important part of commerce. E-

commerce can deliver video, audio, animation, billboards, signs and etc.
However, it's about as rich as television technology.

5. Interactivity- Twentieth Century electronic commerce business technology is

called interactive, so they allow for two-way communication between businesses
and consumers.

6. Information Density- The density of information the Internet has greatly improved,
as long as the total amount and all markets, consumers and businesses quality
information. The electronic commerce technology, reduce the information
collection, storage, communication and processing cost. At the same time,
 accuracy and timeliness of the information technology increases greatly,
information is more useful, more important than ever.

7. Personalization- E-commerce technology allows for personalization. Business

can be adjusted for a name, a person's interests and past purchase message
objects and marketing message to a specific individual. The technology also
allows for custom. Merchants can change the product or service based on user
preferences, or previous behavior.

The seven unique features have its own function but also have disadvantages in this
website. The seven unique features most in this website is no problem, but the
information density has some disadvantages and it's one of the seven unique features.
Information density is the function of information to the Internet and the web site can be
the total amount and all markets, consumers and enterprise quality information. At the
same time, accuracy and timeliness of the consumers can know this website
information. But the website in this regard is poor because of its language in this website
is insufficient and even only a language so easily lead to consumers in the shopping
website will be very troublesome, even if consumers do not understand the language
may be to give up on this website shopping and even lead to this site is less and less
people browse or buy. For example in this web site to buy clothes but the browsing
process found that consumers choose clothes are not enough data to the customer
cannot be assured to buy, so in this aspect of the problem should be properly modified
and solve this problem. For example, should first website have a variety of linguistic
choices can make different national consumers easily understand this website
information easy to buy the goods. Then on the items, such as this site is selling the
clothes should be more detailed write the item price, style, color and size, so that the
customer more easy to buy. In addition, whenever new styles of clothing in the website
promotion to the customer know.

Digital goods include anything that can be electronically stored, like music,
movies, e-books, television episodes, electronic manuals, training courses, and
software. They are the life blood of a 21st Century consumer economy.

So what makes digital goods different to physical goods?

Immediate Gratification
Unlike a physical good, say a book, you do not have to travel to a book store or
wait for the book to be sent by mail to you. Instant gratification is available by
downloading the digital good. Think Amazon 1-Click or Apple's iTunes Store.
No more waiting.
Amazon even improves their 1-Click system even further by asking if you
would like you e-book downloaded to another of your kindle devices right after
you purchase and send to your kindle. Kind of hard to resist.

Manufacturing and distribution

Unlike a printing press or manufacturing operation, digital goods have no need
of physical warehouses.
Digital goods are stored in ones and zeroes in cheaper and cheaper storage area
networks, distributed on increasingly cheaper networks. This leads to the "long
tail"effect.

Incremental Updates
Because digital goods are strings of zeroes and ones, they can be updated
rapidly and republished faster than their physical brethren.

Interactivity and big data

This is the area where the technology and understanding of the consumer and
product interaction meets big data and massive processing capability. The
ability to write content and follow the user's interactions with the content to gain
insight and understanding has never been better.
It is now possible to have a one on one relationship between the producer and
consumer.

Requires storage
Digital goods require some kind of personally accessible storage. Think hard
drives, USB keys, Dropbox, Google Drive, SkyDrive.
More open to fraud than a physical product
The simple fact is a string of ones and zeroes is more easily copied than a bound
physical book.

Digital market is defined as the use of internet-connected devices such

as computers, tablets, smartphones, and game consoles to engage
consumers with online advertising. One of the key principles of digital
marketing is creating an easy, seamless, and convenient user
experience for target audiences. Moreover, eliminating the amount of
consumer effort needed to act on digital content helps establish an
ongoing, automated relationship between brands and their audience.

Features of digital market

Ease of access

A key objective is engaging digital marketing customers and allowing them to interact with the
brand through servicing and delivery of digital media. Information is easy to access at a fast rate
through the use of digital communications. Users with access to the Internet can use many digital
mediums, such as Facebook, YouTube, Forums, and Email etc. Through Digital communications
it creates a Multi-communication channel where information can be quickly exchanged around
the world by anyone without any regard to whom they are. [21] Social segregation plays no part
through social mediums due to lack of face to face communication and information being wide
spread instead to a selective audience. This interactive nature allows consumers create
conversation in which the targeted audience is able to ask questions about the brand and get
familiar with it which traditional forms of Marketing may not offer.[22]

Competitive advantage

By using Internet platforms, businesses can create competitive advantage through various
means. To reach the maximum potential of digital marketing, firms use social media as its main
tool to create a channel of information. Through this a business can create a system in which
they are able to pinpoint behavioral patterns of clients and feedback on their needs. [23] This
means of content has shown to have a larger impingement on those who have a long-standing
relationship with the firm and with consumers who are relatively active social media users.
Relative to this, creating a social media page will further increase relation quality between new
consumers and existing consumers as well as consistent brand reinforcement therefore
improving brand awareness resulting in a possible rise for consumers up the Brand Awareness
Pyramid.[24] Although there may be inconstancy with product images;[25] maintaining a successful
social media presence requires a business to be consistent in interactions through creating a two
way feed of information; firms consider their content based on the feedback received through this
channel, this is a result of the environment being dynamic due to the global nature of the internet.
[22]
Effective use of digital marketing can result in relatively lowered costs in relation to traditional
means of marketing; Lowered external service costs, advertising costs, promotion costs,
processing costs, interface design costs and control costs.[25]

Effectiveness

Brand awareness has been proven to work with more effectiveness in countries that are high in
uncertainty avoidance, also these countries that have uncertainty avoidance; social media
marketing works effectively. Yet brands must be careful not to be excessive on the use of this
type of marketing, as well as solely relying on it as it may have implications that could negatively
harness their image. Brands that represent themselves in an anthropomorphizing manner are
more likely to succeed in situations where a brand is marketing to this demographic. "Since
social media use can enhance the knowledge of the brand and thus decrease the uncertainty, it
is possible that people with high uncertainty avoidance, such as the French, will particularly
appreciate the high social media interaction with an anthropomorphized brand." Moreover, digital
platform provides an ease to the brand and its customers to interact directly and exchange their
motives virtually