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Magnetic Circuits: 1. (30pts.) The Core Shown Below Has Two Coils of N Turns Each Connected So The

This document contains multiple problems related to magnetic circuits, transformers, and autotransformers. It includes determining reluctances and fluxes in a magnetic core, calculating the number of coil turns needed to produce a given flux density, and evaluating the stored energy at different points in the core. It also covers defining voltage regulation, calculating maximum voltage and efficiency for different transformer configurations, and comparing the weights of two-winding and autotransformer designs.

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Saied Aly Salamah
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51 views6 pages

Magnetic Circuits: 1. (30pts.) The Core Shown Below Has Two Coils of N Turns Each Connected So The

This document contains multiple problems related to magnetic circuits, transformers, and autotransformers. It includes determining reluctances and fluxes in a magnetic core, calculating the number of coil turns needed to produce a given flux density, and evaluating the stored energy at different points in the core. It also covers defining voltage regulation, calculating maximum voltage and efficiency for different transformer configurations, and comparing the weights of two-winding and autotransformer designs.

Uploaded by

Saied Aly Salamah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Magnetic Circuits:

1. (30pts.) The core shown below has two coils of N turns each connected so the
fluxes add in the center leg. The core cross-section is square. Account for
air gap flux fringing by increasing the cross-sectional area by 5%.
(Recall: 0= 4 x 10-7 H/m)
a) Draw the electric analogue circuit to this magnetic system.
Determine
b) all reluctances.
c) the value of N so i = 2A produces a flux density of 0.5T in the air gap.
d) the energy stored in the center leg of the core.
e) the energy stored in the air gap.
f) the energy stored in the entire core.

( a)
( b) l1 := ( 6 cm 0.5cm ) + ( 6 cm 1 cm ) + ( 6 cm 0.5cm ) l1 = 0.16 m
l2 := l1 l2 = 0.16 m
lgap := 1 mm
l3 := 6 cm 1 cm lgap l3 = 0.049 m

H r := 2000 Acore := 1 cm 1 cm
0 := 4 10 7
m Agap := 1.05 Acore
l1 1
R1 := R1 = 6.366 105 R2 := R1
0 r Acore H
1
R2 = 6.366 105
H
l3 1
R3 := R3 = 1.95 105
0 r Acore H
lgap 1
Rg := Rg = 7.579 106
0 Agap H

( c) Bgap := 0.5T 3 := Bgap Agap 3 = 5.25 10 5 Wb


3
1 := 2 := 1 1 = 2.625 10 5 Wb
2

i := 2 A 2 = 2.625 10 5 Wb
By KVL and using the two meshes,

R1 1 + ( R3 + Rg) 3
N_ := N_ = 212.417
i
Hence, N = 212 turns are needed to make i=2A produce Bgap=0.5T

2
B
( d) Volumetric energy, Wv := Energy := Wv Volume
2
3 B3
2
B3 := Wv3 := W3 := Wv3 Acore l3
Acore
2 0 r
W3 = 2.687 10 4 J
2
Bgap
( e) Bgap = 0.5 T ( Given) Wvgap :=
2 0
Wgap := Wvgap Agap lgap Wgap = 0.01 J
2
1 B1
( f) B1 := Wv1 := W1 := Wv1 Acore l1
Acore 2 0 r W2 := W1
W1 = 2.193 10 4 J Wcore := W1 + W2 + W3 Wcore = 7.074 10 4 J
Autotransformer:
2. (30pts.)
Part I. Write clearly the equation defining voltage regulation.

(Voltage No -load - VoltageFull -load )


Voltage Regulation =
Voltage Full -loa d
Part II. A 480 120V, 20kVA, 60 Hz two-winding transformer with
a leakage impedance of (0.05 + j0.1) pu has an efficiency of 96% when it delivers
rated current at 0.95 pf lagging.
a) If the two winding is designed to operate at the knee of the BH curve when
operating at rated conditions, determine the maximum voltage that may be
applied to the primary side if the operating frequency were to be reduced to
50Hz.
b) Show how to reconnect this transformer as an autotransformer such that
the source is 600V and the load is 480V.
c) What is the kVA rating of this autotransformer in per unit.
d) What percentage of the input power is delivered to the output electrically
(i.e. not through electromagnetic induction).
e) What is the efficiency of this autotransformer
(Use the same load as given above).
f) When comparing the weight of a two-winding transformer to the
weight an autotransformer of the same rating, which of the two transformers
will be heavier?
Part II
a) Freq_new := 50Hz Freq_old := 60Hz Voltage_primary := 480V
Voltage_primary
Flux_max := Flux_max = 8 Wb
Freq_old
Voltage_max := Freq_new Flux_max Voltage_max = 400 V
b)

c) kVA rating in per-unit = 1pu

k := 1000
d) Nse := 120Nc := 480 Sw := 20k V A
( Nc + Nse)
Power_advantage := Sio := Sw Power_advantage
Nse
Power_advantage = 5 Sio = 1 105 VA
W
Power_delivered_electrically := Sio Sw

Power_delivered_electrically = 8 104 W
VA
Power_delivered_electrically
Percentage_power_delivered_electrically :=
Sio

Percentage_power_delivered_electrically = 0.8
e) Assume losses of two-winding transformer are the same as the losses of the
reconnected autotransformer
pf
pf := 0.95 effic := 0.96 Ploss := Sw ( Sw pf )
effic
pf
efficiency_autotransformer := Sio
( Sio pf + Ploss)

efficiency_autotransformer = 0.992
f)

When comparing the weight of a two-winding transformer to the


weight an autotransformer of the same rating, the two-winding transformer
will be heavier.
EE343 Energy Conversion 1 (First Midterm Exam) FALL 2009 Kuwait University Dr. Osama A. Al-Naseem 4/4
Two-Winding Transformer:
3. (25pts.) A 5000-kVA 230/13.8-kV single-phase power transformer has a per-unit resistance of 1 percent and a
per-unit reactance of 5 percent (data taken from the transformers nameplate). The open-circuit test performed
on the low-voltage side of the transformer yielded the following data:
VOC = 13.8 kV IOC =15.1 A POC = 44.9 kW
(a) Find the equivalent circuit referred to the low-voltage side of this transformer.
(b) If the voltage on the secondary side is 13.8 kV and the power supplied is 4000 kW at 0.8 PF
lagging, find the voltage regulation of the transformer. Find its efficiency.
(c) Repeat part (b) if the power factor were 0.8 leading.

See hwk/textbook prob 2.7

4. (15pts.) Draw the full exact equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer, label all parameters,
state which type of test to determine each parameter, and finally state the types of losses associated with
each energy dissipating element.

See transformers notes page 22

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