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Assignment 2

This document contains 19 questions about linear algebra concepts such as linear independence, basis, dimension, and subspaces. Some of the questions ask to determine if given sets are linearly independent or dependent, find a basis for certain subspaces, prove properties of linear independence and spanning sets, and determine the dimension of vector spaces.

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Devashish Soni
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135 views

Assignment 2

This document contains 19 questions about linear algebra concepts such as linear independence, basis, dimension, and subspaces. Some of the questions ask to determine if given sets are linearly independent or dependent, find a basis for certain subspaces, prove properties of linear independence and spanning sets, and determine the dimension of vector spaces.

Uploaded by

Devashish Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA 2020 - Linear Algebra and Numerical Analysis, 2016-17


Assignment-2 : Linear Independent, Basis and Dimension

1. Is union and intersection of two linearly independent sets linearly independent? Justify your answer.

2. Is union (resp., intersection) of two linearly dependent sets a linearly dependent? Why?

3. Which of the following subsets A of P are L.I. ?


(i) A = {1 + x + 3x2 , 2 + 4x + x2 , 2x + 5x2 } (ii) A = {1 + x, x 1, x2 1} (iii) A = {1, x +
x2 , xx2 , 5x} (iv) A = {x2 4, x2, x+3, x2 /10} (v) A = {x, x+x3 , x4 x2 , 3+2x+4x2 +x3 }

4. Which of the following subsets A of C(0, ) are L.I. ?


(i) A = {x, sin x, cos x} (ii) A = {sin2 x, cos 2x, 1} (iii) A = {sin x, cos x, sin(x + 1)}
(iv) A = {ln x, ln x2 , ln x3 } (v) A = {x2 ex , xex , (x2 + x 1)ex }

5. Show that vectors u = (a, c), v = (b, d) are linearly independent in R2 iff ad bc 6= 0. Can you think
of a generalization to n vectors in Rn ?

6. Show that the set A = {sin x, sin 2x, . . . , sin nx} is a L.I. subset of C(, ) for every positive integer
n.

7. Suppose V1 and V2 are subspaces of a vector space V such that V1 V2 = {0}. Show that every
x V1 + V2 can be written uniquely as x = x1 + x2 with x1 V1 and x2 V2 .

8. Suppose V1 and V2 are subspaces of a vector space V . Show that V1 + V2 = V1 if and only if V2 V1 .

9. Let V1 = {f C(a, a)|f is odd}, and V2 = {f C(a, a)|f is even}. Describe V1 V2 and
L
V1 V2 . Is C(a, a) = V1 V2 ?

10. Let V be a vector space.

(a) Show that a subset {u1 , . . . , un } of V is linearly independent if and only if the function (1 , . . . , n ) 7
1 u1 + . . . n un from Fn into V is injective.

(b) Show that if E V is linearly dependent in V , then every superset of E is also linearly depen-
dent.

(c) Show that if E V is linearly independent in V , then every subset of E is also linearly
independent.

(d) Show that if {u1 , . . . , un } is a linearly independent subset of V , and if W is a subspace of V


such that (span{u1 , . . . , un }) W = {0}, then every V in the span of {u1 , . . . , un , W } can be
written uniquely as x = 1 u1 + 2 u2 + + n un + y with (1 , . . . , n ) Fn , y W .
(e) Show that if E1 and E2 are linearly independent subsets of V such that (span E1 ) (span E2 ) =
{0}, then E1 E2 is linearly independent.

11. For each k N, let Fk denotes the set of all column kvectors, i.e., the set of all k 1 matrices. Let
A be an m n matrix of scalars with columns a1 , a2 , . . . , an . Show the following:

(a) The equation Ax = 0 has a non-zero solution if and only if a1 , a2 , . . . , an are linearly dependent.

(b) For y Fm , the equation Ax = y has a solution if and only ifa1 , a2 , . . . , an , y are linearly
dependent, i.e., if and only if y is in the span of columns of A.

12. Determine which of the following subsets of R4 form a basis for it:
(a) A = {(7, 1, 2, 0), (8, 0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0, 2)} (b) A = {(1, 3, 2, 0), (2, 0, 6, 7), (0, 6, 10, 7)}
(c) A = {(7, 1, 2, 0), (8, 0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0, 2), (3, 0, 1, 1)}
(d) A = {(1, 3, 2, 0), (2, 0, 6, 7), (0, 6, 10, 7), (2, 10, 3, 1)}
(e) A = {(1, 2, 3, 2), (1, 4, 9, 3), (6, 2, 1, 4), (3, 1, 2, 1), (10, 9, 15, 6)}.

13. Show that V0 := {x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 + x3 = 0} is a subspace of R3 . Find a basis for V0 .

14. Show that E := {1 + tn , t + tn , t2 + tn , . . . , tn1 + tn , tn } is a basis of Pn .

15. (a) Show that B = {(x 2), x(x 2), x2 (x 2), x3 (x 2), x4 (x 2)} is a basis for V = {p
P5 |p(2) = 0}. Calculate dim(V ).
(b) Find a basis for W = {p P5 |p(2) = p(3) = 0}. Calculate dim(W ).

16. For i = 1, . . . , m; j = 1, . . . , n, let Eij be the m n matrix with its (i, j)-th entry as 1 and all other
entries 0. Show that {Eij : i = 1, . . . , m; j = 1, . . . , n} is a basis of Fmn .

17. If {u1 , . . . , un } is a basis of a vector space V , then show that every x V , can be expressed uniquely
as x = 1 u1 + + n un ; i.e., for every x V , there exists a unique ntuple (1 , . . . , n ) of scalars
such that x = 1 u1 + + n un .

18. Suppose S is a set consisting of n elements and V is the set of all real valued functions defined on S.
Show that V is a vector space of dimension n.

19. Given real numbers a0 , a1 , . . . , ak , let V be the set of all solutions x C k [a, b] of the differential
equation
dk x dk1 x
a0 + a1 + + ak x = 0.
dtk dtk1
Show that V is a linear space over R. What is the dimension of V ?

***

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