Formal Report Exp 2

The Vernier and Micrometer Calipers
Mendoza, P.*, Mesina, K., Nodora, C., Nombre., M., Pineda,

E., Pomantoc, G.
Group 6, 2A Pharmacy
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Santo Tomas
Abstract
Vernier calipers and micrometer calipers are used to accurately measure
objects with smaller with a maximum of 155 mm for vernier caliper and
maximum of 255 mm for micrometer caliper. Triple beam balance is also used
to find the mass of the objects. Volumes, densities, and percentage errors are
computed afterwards using the measurements acquired and with the given
formula. Micrometer caliper, vernier caliper, triple beam balance are used to
measure the objects namely washer, marble, and metal cube. The
percentage errors of the objects are below 20%. Therefore, measurements of
these objects are considered accurate. Micrometer caliper has a more
accurate measurement compared to vernier caliper since it gave a smaller
percentage error to metal cube.
Theory V= h(ro2-ri2)
Vernier calipers and Percentage errors are also
micrometer calipers are used to computed to know the accuracy of
accurately measure objects with the experimental values to the
smaller dimensions (maximum of standard value of density of each
155 mm for vernier caliper and object.
maximum of 255 mm for experimental valuestandard value
micrometer caliper) together with standard value
the beam balance which is used to %error=
find the mass of the objects. X 100%
Volumes and densities are
computed afterwards using the Materials
measurements acquired.
In this experiment, small The materials used in this
objects such as metal cube, experiment are the following:
washer, and marble are measured a. Micrometer caliper
using these two calipers. Densities b. Vernier
of objects are computed using the
following formula:
mass caliper
=
volume c.
To find the volume of the
objects used in the experiment, the Triple
formula are listed below: beam
Cube balance
V = s3 d. Washer
Sphere
4
V= r3
3
Washer (Cylinder)
Thickness/Heigh 0.396 cm
t (cm)
Volume (cm3) 8.666 cm3
Density (g/cm3)
Experimental 6.5 g/cm3
Standard 7.8 g/cm3
e. Marble Percentage error 17.15%
f. Copper cube (%)
Using Micrometer Caliper

Metal Cube
Material Copper
Mass (g) 143.90 g
Length (mm) 25.360 mm
Results
Length (cm) 2.5360 cm
The table below shows the 3
Volume (cm ) 16.3 cm3
measurement of metal cube and 3
washer, and metal cube and Density (g/cm )
marble using vernier caliper and Experimental 8.8 g/cm3
micrometer caliper, respectively. Standard 8.9 g/cm3
Using Vernier Caliper Percentage error 1.12%
Metal Cube (%)
Material Copper Marble
Mass (g) 143.90 g Material Glass
Length (mm) 25.60 mm Mass (g) 5.10 g
Length (cm) 2.560 cm Diameter (mm) 15.930 mm
Volume (cm3) 16.777 cm3 Diameter (cm) 1.5930 cm
3
Density (g/cm ) Radius (cm) 0.7965 cm
3
Experimental 8.6 g/cm3 Volume (cm ) 2.12 cm3
3
Standard 8.9 g/cm3 Density (g/cm )
Percentage error 3.63% Experimental 2.4 g/cm3
(%) Standard 2.6 g/cm3
Washer Percentage error 7.69%
Material Steel (%)
Mass (g) 56.00 g
Outer diameter 60.13 mm Discussion
(mm) Both vernier and micrometer
caliper were used to measure
Outer diameter 6.013 cm
metal cube. Using the triple beam
(cm)
balance, metal cube has a weight
Outer radius 3.007 cm
of 143.90 g and a length of 2.560
(cm)
cm, with the use of vernier caliper.
Inner diameter 28.80 mm
Using the formula, it has a volume
(mm)
of 16.777 cm3. It has a density of
Inner diameter 2.880 cm 8.6 g/cm3. When the micrometer
(cm) caliper was used, it has a length of
Inner radius 1.440 cm 2.5360 cm and a volume of 16.3
(cm) cm3. It has a density of 8.8 g/ cm 3.
Thickness/Heigh 3.96 mm Metal cube has a 3.63%
t (mm) percentage error when the vernier
caliper was used while 1.12%
percentage error when the
micrometer caliper was used.
Vernier caliper was used to
measure the washer. It has a mass
of 56.00 grams. Its outer radius
and inner radius measures 3.007
cm and 1.440 cm, respectively. It
has a height of 0.396 cm. Using the
formula, it has a volume of 8.666 3. State some of the errors that
cm3. It has a density of 6.5 g/cm 3 one might make in
with 17.15% percentage error. measuring length using both
Micrometer caliper was used the Vernier and micrometer
to measure the marble. From the calipers.
measurements acquired: mass of In the case of the vernier
5.10 g, radius of 0.7965 cm, it has caliper, the line of coincidence may
a volume of 2.12 cm 3 and a density vary between people since each
of 2.4 g/cm3. It has a percentage person may perceive it differently.
error of 7.69% This leads to a certain level of
uncertainty and variation of
Conclusion measurement. A reading off by a
A measurement of an object few millimeters is quite an often
is considered highly accurate if it error regarding the two scales,
does not go beyond 20%. Since the which stems from improper
percentage errors of the objects did placement of the studied object or
not go beyond 20%, the faulty/improper reading.
measurements of these objects are 4. Determine the percentage
considered accurate. error for an observed value
Both vernier and micrometer of 1.112 x 10-5 if the
caliper were used to measure the standard value is 1.117 x 10 -
5
metal cube, with a percentage .
error of 3.63% and 1.12%, experimental valuestandard value
respectively, it means that standard value
micrometer caliper has a more %error=
accurate measurement compared X 100%
to vernier caliper.
|1.112 x 10-5 -1.117 x
= 10-5| X
Question and Answer 1.117 x 100%
1. Differentiate the Vernier and = 0.45%10
-5
micrometer scales.
The vernier scale measures
up until the hundredths digit
References
accurately, while the micrometer [1]Ryan, V. (2004-2009). THE
scale is a precision measuring MICROMETER. Retrieved
instrument and can effectively February 1, 2017, from
read until the thousandths digit. http://www.technologystudent.c
2. Draw the figure for the om/equip1/microm1.htm
micrometer readings below: [2]Ryan, V. (2004-2010). THE
a. 3.68 mm VERNIER CALIPER - MANUAL
b. 1.59 mm VERSION. Retrieved February 1,
2017, from
http://www.technologystudent.c
om/equip1/vernier3.htm

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The Vernier and Micrometer Calipers

Mendoza, P.*, Mesina, K., Nodora, C., Nombre., M., Pineda,

Using Micrometer Caliper

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