Nagaraju Doc327
Nagaraju Doc327
Nagaraju Doc327
Project Report on
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
A.R.D.SRINIVAS 13K61A0307
G.NAGARAJU 13K61A0327
K.BALU 13K61A0338
M.SANJAY KUMAR 13K61A0354
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. P.CHAITANYA KRISHNA M. Tech
Asst. Professor
DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TADEPALLIGUDEM
CERTIFICATE
We also declare that it has not been submitted previously in part or in full
to this University or any other university /institution for the award of any degree
or diploma.
A.R.D.SRINIVAS 13K61A0307
G.NAGARAJU 13K61A0327
K.BALU 13K61A0338
We are also Thankful to the Library Staff of the college for the
reference books which helped us gathering some information about the project.
PROJECT ASSOCIATES
A.R.D.SRINIVAS
13K61A0307
G.NAGARAJU
13K61A0327
K.BALU
13K61A0338
ABSTRACT IV
LIST OF FIGURES V
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
CHAPTER 6: WORKING
CHAPTER 7: CALCULATION
CHAPTER 8: SPECIFICATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDEX-A
APPENDEX-B Vision and Mission
Institute Vision
Institute Missions
Department vision
Department mission
6. The engineer and the society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practise,.
12. Life-long learning: Recognise the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.
PEOs
PEO3: Graduates capable to take up technical roles with professional ethics and
social commitment.
ABSTRACT
Biogas production requires anaerobic digestion. Project was to
create an Organic Processing Facility to create biogas which will be more cost
effective, eco-friendly, cut down on landfill waste, generate a high-quality
renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide & methane emissions. Overall by
creating a biogas reactor on campus in the backyard of our hostels will be
beneficial. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces biogas, a valuable
energy resource anaerobic digestion is a microbial process for production of
biogas, which consist of primarily methane (CH4) & carbon dioxide (CO2).
Biogas can be used as energy source and also for numerous purposes. But, any
possible applications require knowledge & information about the composition
and quantity of constituents in the biogas produced. The continuously-fed
digester requires addition of sodium hydroxide to maintain the alkalinity and pH
to 7.
Solid waste generation rates are rising fast with a pace of 11 million tons
per day on a worldwide scenario. Therefore, there is a need to solve this
problem by segregating and degrading the waste using various technological
advancements. Biogas technology can alleviate several problems mainly energy
crisis in rural areas, low agriculture yield and sanitation affairs. It focuses on
solving waste management at household, agriculture level. Biogas digesters are
used to produce methane gas and the size of the digesters are commonly bigger
in size. The mini biogas plant consists of small digester tank, inlet pipe, outlet
pipe, gas holder and slurry outlet pipe, sludge. It operates in the absence of
oxygen in sealed tanks; it reduces problems related to odours.
Three mini biogas plants are planned to evaluate the optimum biogas
production by comparing two substrates i.e. household, agriculture level waste
in different mixing ratios at different atmospheric temperatures. The mini biogas
digester helps in two ways: the waste discarded causes public health hazards it
reduces waste and the other is to provide energy for cooking and to generate
electrical power in small scale.
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Due to scarcity of petroleum and coal it threatens supply of fuel
throughout the world also problem of their combustion leds to research in
different corners to get access the new sources of energy, like renewable energy
resources. Solar energy, wind energy, different thermal and hydro sources of
energy, biogas are all renewable energy resources. But, biogas is distinct from
other renewable energies because of its characteristics of using,controlling and
collecting organic wastes and at the same time producing fertilizer and water for
use in agricultural irrigation. Biogas does not have any geographical limitations
nor does it require advanced technology for producing energy, also it is very
simple to use and apply.
Deforestation is a very big problem in developing countries like India,
most of the part depends on charcoal and fuel-wood for fuel supply which
requires cutting of forest. Also, due to deforestation It leads to decrease the
fertility of land by soil erosion. Use of dung, firewood as energy is also harmful
for the health of the masses due to the smoke arising from them causing air
pollution. We need an ecofriendly substitute for energy.
Kitchen waste is organic material having the high calorific value and
nutritive value to microbes, thats why efficiency of methane production can be
increased by several order of magnitude as said earlier.It means higher
efficiency and size of reactor and cost of biogas production is reduced. Also in
most of cities and places, kitchen waste is disposed in landfill or discarded
which causes the public health hazards and diseses like malaria, cholera,
typhoid. Inadequate management of wastes like uncontrolled dumping bears
several adverse consequences: It not only leads to polluting surface and
groundwater through leachate and further promotes the breeding of flies ,
mosquitoes, rats and other disease bearing vectors. Also, it emits unpleasant
odour & methane which is a major greenhouse gas contributing to global
warming.
Mankind can tackle this problem(threat) successfully with the help of
methane , however till now we have not been benifited, because of ignorance of
basic sciences like output of work is dependent on energy available for doing
that work. This fact can be seen in current practices of using low calororific
inputs like cattle dung, distillery effluent, municipal solid waste (MSW) or
seweage, in biogas plants, making methane generation highly inefficient. We
can make this system extremely efficient by using kitchen waste/food wastes.
Anaerobic digestion is controlled biological degradation process which
allows efficient capturing & utilization of biogas (approx. 60% methane and
40% carbon dioxide) for energy generation. Anaerobic digestion of food waste
is achievable but different types, composition of food waste results in varying
degrees of methane yields, and thus the effects of mixing various types of food
waste and their proportions should be determined on case by case basis.