ali Linux commands Function

apropos Search Help manual pag

apt-get Search for and install so

aptitude Search for and install so

aspell Spell Checker

awk Find and Replace text, d

basename Strip directory and suffi

bash GNU Bourne-Again Shel

bc Arbitrary precision calcu

bg Send to background

break Exit from a loop

builtin Run a shell builtin

bzip2 Compress or decompres

cal Display a calendar

case Conditionally perform a

cat Concatenate and print (

cd Change Directory

cfdisk Partition table manipula

chgrp Change group ownershi

chmod Change access permiss

chown Change file owner and g

chroot Run a command with a

chkconfig System services (runlev

cksum Print CRC checksum and

clear Clear terminal screen

cmp Compare two files

comm Compare two sorted file

command Run a command ignor

continue Resume the next iterati

cp Copy one or more files t

cron Daemon to execute sch

crontab Schedule a command to

csplit Split a file into context-d

cut Divide a file into severa

date Display or change the d

dc Desk Calculator

dd Convert and copy a file,

ddrescue Data recovery tool

declare Declare variables and g

df Display free disk space

dif Display the differences

dif3 Show differences among

dig DNS lookup

dir Briefly list directory con

dircolors Colour setup for `ls

dirname Convert a full pathname

dirs Display list of remembe

dmesg Print kernel & drive

du Estimate file space usag

echo Display message on scr

egrep Search files for lines tha

eject Eject removable media

enable Enable and disable built

env Environment variables

ethtool Ethernet card settings

eval Evaluate several comm

exec Execute a command

exit Exit the shell

expect Automate arbitrary app

expand Convert tabs to spaces

export Set an environment var

expr Evaluate expressions

false Do nothing, unsuccessfu

fdformat Low-level format a flopp

fdisk Partition table manipula

fg Send job to foreground

fgrep Search files for lines tha

file Determine file type

find Search for files that me

fmt Reformat paragraph tex

fold Wrap text to fit a specifi

for Expand words, and exec

format Format disks or tapes

free Display memory usage

fsck File system consistency

ftp File Transfer Protocol

function Define Function Macros

fuser Identify/kill the process

gawk Find and Replace text w

getopts Parse positional parame

grep Search files for lines tha

groupadd Add a user security grou

groupdel Delete a group

groupmod Modify a group

groups Print group names a use

gzip Compress or decompres

hash Remember the full path

head Output the first part of fi

help Display help for a built-i

history Command History

hostname Print or set system nam

iconv Convert the character s

id Print user and group id

if Conditionally perform a

ifconfig Configure a network int

ifdown Stop a network interfac

ifup Start a network interfac

import Capture an X server scr

install Copy files and set attrib

jobs List active jobs

join Join lines on a common

K
kill Stop a process from run

killall Kill processes by name

less Display output one scre

let Perform arithmetic on s

ln Create a symbolic link t

local Create variables

locate Find files

logname Print current login name

logout Exit a login shell

look Display lines beginning

lpc Line printer control prog

lpr Off line print

lprint Print a file

lprintd Abort a print job

lprintq List the print queue

lprm Remove jobs from the p

ls List information about fi

lsof List open files

make Recompile a group of pr

man Help manual

mkdir Create new folders

mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pip

mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO966

mknod Make block or character

more Display output one scre

mount Mount a file system

mtools Manipulate MS-DOS file

mtr Network diagnostics (tra

mv Move or rename files or

mmv Mass Move and rename

N

netstat Networking information

nice Set the priority of a com

nl Number lines and write

nohup Run a command immun

notify-send Send desktop notificatio

nslookup Query Internet name se

open Open a file in its default

op Operator access

passwd Modify a user password

paste Merge lines of files

pathchk Check file name portabi

ping Test a network connecti

pkill Stop processes from run

popd Restore the previous va

pr Prepare files for printing

printcap Printer capability datab

printenv Print environment varia

printf Format and print data

ps Process status

pushd Save and then change t

pwd Print Working Directory

quota Display disk usage and

quotacheck Scan a file system for d

quotactl Set disk quotas

ram ram disk device

rcp Copy files between two

read Read a line from standa

readarray Read from stdin into an

readonly Mark variables/function

reboot Reboot the system

rename Rename files

renice Alter priority of running

remsync Synchronize remote file

return Exit a shell function

rev Reverse lines of a file

rm Remove files

rmdir Remove folders

rsync Remote file copy (Synch

screen Multiplex terminal, run r

scp Secure copy (remote file

sdif Merge two files interact

sed Stream Editor

select Accept keyboard input

seq Print numeric sequence

set Manipulate shell variabl

sftp Secure File Transfer Prog

shift Shift positional paramet

shopt Shell Options

shutdown Shutdown or restart linu

sleep Delay for a specified tim

slocate Find files

sort Sort text files

source Run commands from a fi

split Split a file into fixed-size

ssh Secure Shell client (rem

strace Trace system calls and s

su Substitute user identity

sudo Execute a command as

sum Print a checksum for a fi

suspend Suspend execution of th

symlink Make a new name for a

sync Synchronize data on dis

tail Output the last part of fi

tar Tape Archiver

tee Redirect output to multi

test Evaluate a conditional e

time Measure Program runnin

times User and system times

touch Change file timestamps

top List processes running o

traceroute Trace Route to Host

trap Run a command when a

tr Translate, squeeze, and

true Do nothing, successfully

tsort Topological sort

tty Print filename of termin

type Describe a command

ulimit Limit user resources

umask Users file creation mask

umount Unmount a device

unalias Remove an alias

uname Print system information

unexpand Convert spaces to tabs

uniq Uniquify files

units Convert units from one

unset Remove variable or func

unshar Unpack shell archive sc

until Execute commands (un

uptime Show uptime

useradd Create new user accoun

usermod Modify user account

users List users currently logg

uuencode Encode a binary file

uudecode Decode a file created by

v Verbosely list directory

vdir Verbosely list directory

vi Text Editor

vmstat Report virtual memory s

wait Wait for a process to co

watch Execute/display a progr

wc Print byte, word, and lin

Search the users $path

whereis program
which Search the users $path

while Execute commands

who Print all usernames curr

whoami Print the current user id

wget Retrieve web pages or fi

write Send a message to ano

xargs Execute utility, passing

xdg-open Open a file or URL in the

yes Print a string until inter