IS :6506- 1968

( Reaffirmed 2003 )
Indian Standard
,*-. GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO
BUILDING LIME
3

\ _*

( First Revision 1

_.__ UDC 0014 : 69151

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t-- @I Copyright 1988

t
-r 1
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI llOOO2

Gr2 Septembu 1988

 IS : 6508 - 1988
.-,

hdian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERM-S RELATING TO
BUILDING LIME

, 1
( First Revision )

0. ~FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was which are frequently used. This glossary has-
adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on therefore, been prepared so as to compile defini,
-9 May 1988, after the draft finalized by the Build- tions of all such terms in one standard which

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ing Lime and Lime Eroducts Sectional Committee would be handy for day-to-day use.
had been approved by they Civil Engineering Divi-
4 0.3 This standard was first published in 1972.
sion Council. . This present revision has been taken up with a
0.2 A series of Indian Standards on lime and view to modifying some of the existing terms to
lime based products for construction purposes -give them precise meaning and including some
have been prepared and the&standards include a additional terms which are being used in connec-
large number of technical terms. Besides, there are tion with the subject.
a number of common terms relating to this field
I .I. i>
. , 1,

1. SCOPE 2.6 Burning - The overheating of lime particles

due to inadequate addition of water during.
1.1 This standard covers definition of terms relat- slaking.
ing to manufacturing, testing and use of lime for
constructional ~purposes. *
2.7 Calcia - Chemical name of CaO.
2.8 Cal&nation Zone - The portion of the kiln
2. DEFINITIONS in the middle section where the limestone gets
2.1 Air-Slaked Lime - The<product containing calcined .
various proportions of the oxides, hydroxides and 2.9 Carbide Lime - This is essentially calcium
carbonates of calcium and magnesium which hydroxide obtained as an industrial waste in the
result from the excessive exposure of quicklime to production of acetylene from calcium carbide. It
the atmosphere. : 1 i, r __ . may occur as a wet sludge.
2.2 Autoclaved ihe - It is a specially hydra- 2.10 Charge - Limestone, limeshell and other
ted dolomitic lime; largely utilized for structural calcareous materials (and fuel in case of mixed
purposes, that has been pressure hydrated in an feed kiln ) fed into the kiln.
autoclave.
2.11 Compaction in Lime Mortar - It is the
2.3 Autogenous Healing in Lime Mortars - volume change that occurs when water is drawn
It is a phenomenon occurring in lime mortars due from the mortar by -placing a porous building.
to formation of calcium carbonate by absorption material. It occurs before hardening, that is
of atmospheric carbon dioxide by hydrated lime, during stiffening of mortar.
resulting in the bridging of minor cracks and/or
the air space6 at the joints in the masonry. _ 2.12 Composite Mortar - A mortar in which
cement is included as an ingredient in addition to
2.4 Available Lime - It represents the total lime.
lime in quick and hydrated form which enters
into a desired reaction under specified reaction 2.13 Construction Lime - See 2.5.
conditions. 2.14 Cooling Zone - The bottom portion of the
2.5 Building Lime - A lime whose chemical kiln where the burnt lime is cooled by the incom-
ing air required for combustion of the fuel.
and physical characteristics and methods of pro-
cessing make it suitable for construction purposes, 2.15 Core - The central unburnt portion of the
also known as construction lime. calcined lump lime.

1
!S:6508 -1988

9.16 Dead Burnt Lime - Quicklime burnt 2.32 Lime-Cement-Cinder-Hollow Blocks -

under conditions where it becomes predominantly The hollow blocks made frorr, lime, ordinary
non-reactive. This is also known as hard-burnt Portland cement or Portland slag cement and
lime or over-burnt lime ( see 2.22 and 2.53 ). cinder, which are used in the construction of
walls.
2.17 Drowning - The inc6mpiete @id retarded
slaking of slow-slating lime due to excessive 2.33. Lime-Cement-Cinder-Solid Blocks -
addition of water. This occurs dtie to formation The solid blocks made from lime, ordinary Port-
of an impervious layer of hydrate on the surface land cement or Portland slag cement and cinder,
of the lime pebble and due to rapid loss of tem- which areuied in the construction of walls.
perature before the quicklime particles rupture.
2.34 Lime kortar - A mixture of lime, fine
2.18 Eminently Hydraulic Lime - Lime in aggregate and water with or without addition of
which the constituents like silica, alumina and admixtures.
iron oxide are present as calcium compounds
capable of reacting with water and giving rise to 2.35 Lime-Cement Mortar - A mixture con-
strength giving compounds. This has the property sisting of lime, cement, sand and water in suitable
of setting and hardening under w.ater ( see 2.25 ). proportions. .; j *

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2.19 Exit Gas - The mixture of hot gases ex- 2.36 Lime-Pozzolana Mix,ture - A mixturi
hausted from the kiln consisting chiefly of carbon manufactured eithet by: idteririnding lime and
.dioxide, water vipour, .nitrogen, oxygen and a pozzolana in suitable pioportions in a ball or tube
small percentage of carbon mondxide. mill, or by blending these two ingredients in the
form of powder .qf requirqq @ncness adopting
2.20 Fat Lime - It connotes a pure non-hydrau- suitable measures for, obtaking~ a uniform mixture
lic lime containing a minimum of 79 percent CaO of the required.proportions. ,
on ignited basis.
2.37 Lime-Pozkoi&a, Mix-t&e Mor_tar - A
2.21 Finishing Lime - It is a type of refined mixture consisting of lime-poizolana mixture;
hydrated lime suitable for plastering, particularly sand and-water in suitable proportions.
the finishing coat.
2.38 Lime Pozzolana Mortar - A mortar con-
2.22 Hard-Burnt Lime - See 2.16 and 2.53. sisting of lime, pozzolana, sand and water in
2.23 Hydrated Lime - A dry powder obtained suitable proportions:, , !
. ,
by treating quicklime with water enough to satisfy
2.39 Lime-Pozzolaua Mixture Concrete - A
its chemical affinity for water-under the condition
mixture consisting of lim&*zz&lana mixture,
of its hydration.
fine aggre- gate, coarse aggregate and water in
2.24 Hydraulic Linie 4 See .2.18 and 2.65. suitable proportions. :
L \

2.25 Hydrated Hydraulic Lime - Lime od- 2.40 Lime Concrete - ,A,mixtnre bf lime, fi&
tained by hydrating Clasd A, B and E limb, and aggregate, coarse a&itgatt: and water ( with or
.containing all the hydraulic components, that is, without additives ) in stiit&le proportions.
lime combined with silica, alumina and iron as I _.
hydroxide. 2.41 Lime Plaster - A mixture of lime and
other materials applied in substantial thickness to
2.26 Kankar - The impure earthy hard lump surfaces to form +B pr,ote,ctiye ,wd/or decorative
consisting of concretions and nodules of calcium coating.
carbonate. ;J
2.42 Lime Putty - A plastic paste consisting
2.27 Kankar Lime - Lime: obtained by calci-
of hydrated lime and free \N@,er.I .)
nation of Kankar.
2.28 Kiln Dust - Dust drawn from the botto; 2.43 Limd.!&rry - A &$ension of hydrated
of the kiln which, in a mixed-feed kiln, is. gene- lime in considerable amount $fiee water, with a
rally composed of coal ash, airslaked lime and consistency similar to cream. ,
unslaked lime dust.
2.44 Lime Soil Stabilization .i The process in
2.29 Kiln Shell - The outer wall which forms which lime is added to soil to.improve its engi-
the structural enclqsure for the kiln. neering properties, that is, strength, durability,
etc, commonly adopted. for road construction.
-2.30 Lime 7 It is a general term that connotes
.only a burnt form df lime, usually quicklime, but 2.45 Lining - The refractory layer placed on
tiay also refer to hydrated or hydraulic lime. the inner face of the lime kiln.
:.?.31 Limestone - Rpcl< cqmposed predomi- 2.46 Lump Lime - It is a physical shape of
nantly of calcium carbonate. , quicklime not less than 63 mm in size ( see 2.59 ).

2
 IS:6508- 1988

2.47 Maturing - The keeping of slaked lime 4 Ground, Screened or Granular - less than
until all particles of lime fatten up to lime 63 mm, and
putty. This is also sometime known as fattening.
4 Powdered - Substantially all passing 850
2.48 Magnesian and Dolomitic Lime - Lime micron ISSieve.
obtained from magnesian and dolomitic lime-
stones or dolostones which shall contain more 2.60 RCC Kiln - A kiln having its outer shell
than 6 percent magnesium oxide ( ignited basis ). constructed of reinforced cement concrete.
2.49 Masonry Kiln - Akiln having its outer 2.61 Run-of-Kiln Quicklime - Quicklime as
shell constructed of brick or stone masonry. drawn or discharged from a kiln.
2.50 Milk of Lime - A suspension of lime in a 2.62 Running - The pouring of the milk of lime
large amount of water with a consistency similar through sieves into a maturing vessel.
to milk.
2.63 Sand-Lime Bricks - Bricks manufactured
2.51 Mixed Feed - The process of burning in -from a uniform mixture of siliceous sand or
wh.ich the solid fuel and the calcareous material crushed siliceous rock and lime combined by the

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are mixed before charging; or in which the charge action of saturated steam under pressure.
is fed in alternate layers of fuel and calcareous
material. 2.64 Scaffolding - The formation of solid
masses of overburnt limestone inside the kiln
2.52 NEERU Finish - A type of finish in which
which, sticking to one another and to the lining
a fine lime putty coat with or without additives
of the kiln, tend to grow into an arch and thereby
is applied and rubbed and polished to a smooth
channelizing passage of air through the calcina-
and even finish.
tion zone.
2.53 Over-Burnt Lime - See 2.22.
2.65 Semi-hydraulic Lime - Lime containing
2.54 Pebble Lime -
It is a physical shape of small quantities of silica and aluminia ( with or
qu.icklime less than 63 mm in size but not less without iron oxide ) which are in chemical com-
than 63 mm ( see 2.59 ). bination with some of the calcium oxide content
and therefore shows the property of setting and
2.55 Plasticity - It is the spreadability of lime hardening under water. This is intermediate in
putty/mortar imparted by its capacity to retain composition between eminently hydraulic andfat
water. limes.

2.56 Popping and Pitting - A type of un- 2.66 Soft Burnt Lime - Chemically reactive
soundness caused by particles of unhydrated or quicklime obtained at relatively lowertemperature
incompletely hydrated lime which expand at some of calcination. It is characterized by high porosity
period subsequent to actual use. It manifests and chemical reactivity.
itself in the form of craters or blisters on plaster
surfaces. 2.67 Shell - The outer wall which forms the
structural enclosure for the kiln.
2.57 Preheating Zone - The top portion of the
kiln where the incoming charge is preheated by 2.68 Shell Lime - Lime obtained by the cal-
the gases issuing from the calcination zone. cination of calcareous shells of organic origin.
2.58 Quicklime - A calcined material, the 2.69 Slaked Lime - Lime obtained by slaking
major part of which is calcium oxide capable of of quicklime ( see 2.70 >.
slaking with water. This is also known as un-
slaked lime. Depending on the stone from which 2.70 Slaking - Slaking usually means addition
it has been derived, it may also be called high of the requisite amount of water to quicklime
,calcium, magnesian or dolomitic quicklime. so as to form dry slaked lime, putty or slurry.
2.59 Quicklime-Sizes - Quicklime may be ob-
tained in different sizes depending upon the type 2.71 Soundness - The freedom of lime putty
of limestone, kind of kiln used or treatments or hydrated powder from unslaked or partly
subsequent to calcining. The sizes commonly slaked particles of lime to the extent that the
-recognized are as follows: expansion in a prescribed test does not exceed the
specified limits.
a) Lump - not less than 63 mm,
2.72 Steel-Shell Kiln - A kiln having its outer
b) Pebble or Crushed - less than 63 mm, shell made of steel plate.

3
IS : 6508 - 1983

2.73 Under-Burnt Lime - The quicklime which per unit mass of quicklime.
has not been calcined sufficiently and hence
contains unaltered carbonates. 2.77 Water Retentivity - The ability of mortars
to retain water against suction and evaporation,
2.74 Unslaked Lime - See 2.58. in general. It is indirectly a measure of the work-
ability of mortars. It is measured by the flow of
2.75 Vertical Kiln - A kiln with a vertical mortar when tested on a standard flow table
shaft having a steel or masonry or reinforced before and after application of a specified suction.
cement concrete shell ( see 2.49, 2.60 and 2.72 )
on the outer side and brick lining in the interior.
2.78 White Wash - The combination of hy-
2.76 Volume Yield of Quicklime - The drated lime ( or slaked quicklime ), water and
volume of putty of standard consistency obtained other materials to be used as a paint like cc stirgO

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