Exam-standard Exercises

Each of these exercises consist of both multiple choice and long answer
questions.

All of these questions are of the same standard as those in the final exam.

Your teacher will issue these at the end of each key area(s) and give you plenty
of time to complete the questions

You are also able to ask for help before the hand-in date

Numerical answers are provided therefore you should be able to self-assess

Check your answers, spot mistakes and fix

You are therefore expected to attempt and complete all questions and hand in
for the agreed deadline

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 Exam-standard Exercise A

1. The diagram below shows the screen and the settings of an oscilloscope, which
is being used to measure the output frequency of a signal generator.

What is the frequency of the signal applied to the input of the oscilloscope?

A 2.5 Hz
B 12.5 Hz
C 40 Hz
D 250 Hz
E 500 Hz

2. The farad is the unit of capacitance.

Which of the following units is equivalent to the farad?

A CV-1
B JC-1
C AV-1
D Js-2
E Cs-1

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3. A battery has an e.m.f. of 6.0 v and an internal resistance of 2.0 W. It is
connected to a 10.0 W resistor, as shown below.

The p.d. across the 10.0 W resistor is

A 1.0 V
B 1.2 V
C 4.8 V
D 5.0 V
E 6.0 V

4. The energy stored in a capacitor, of capacitance C, when holding a charge Q is

given by

A QC
B Q/C2
C Q2/C
D QC2
E Q2C

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5. In the following circuit, the p.d. across the 16 W resistor is 40 v when switch S is
open.

The p.d. across the 16.0 W resistor when switch S is closed is

A 12 V
B 15 V
C 30 V
D 45 V
E 48 V

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6. The following circuit is set up to investigate the charging of a capacitor.

At the start of the experiment the capacitor is uncharged.

a) The graph below shows how the p.d. VC across the capacitor varies with
time from the instant the switch S is closed.

Sketch a graph showing how the p.d. VR across the resistor varies with time
during the first 10 s of charging.

b) Calculate the current in the circuit at the instant the p.d. across the
capacitor is 6.0 V.

c) (i) When the capacitor is fully charged, it is removed from the circuit and
connected across a 10 W resistor.
What is the total energy dissipated in the resistor?

(ii) In another experiment, the fully charged capacitor is connected across

a 20 W resistor instead of the 10 W resistor.
How does the energy dissipated in this resistor compare with that
calculated in part (i)?
You must justify your answer.

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7. The circuit below includes a cell with an e.m.f. of 1.60 V and internal resistance r.

The following readings are taken from the meters.

reading on the ammeter = 0.04 A

reading on the voltmeter, V1 = 1.20 V
reading on the voltmeter, V2 = 0.30 V

a) Calculate the value of the lost volts in the circuit.

b) Calculate the internal resistance, r, of the cell.

c) (i) The resistance of the variable resistor is altered so that the reading on
the ammeter is 0.02 A. What is the resistance of the variable resistor
now?

(ii) The resistance, R, of the variable resistor is now decreased. What effect
has this on the terminal potential difference, Vtpd, of the cell?
You must justify your answer.

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8. A capacitor is connected across a variable frequency supply as shown in the
circuit below. The output of the supply has constant amplitude.

a) (i) At a certain frequency, the current in the circuit is 200 mA r.m.s.

Calculate the value of the peak current in the circuit.

(ii) The frequency of the output from the supply is now slowly increased.
Sketch the graph of current against frequency for this circuit. Numerical
values are not supplied but the axes should be clearly labelled.

9. In an experiment to measure the capacitance of a capacitor, a student sets up

the following circuit.

When the switch is in position X, the capacitor charges up the supply voltage, VS.
When the switch is in position Y, the coulombmeter indicates the charge stored
by the capacitor.

The student records the following measurements and uncertainties.

Reading on voltmeter = (2.56 0 01) V

Reading on coulombmeter = (3.2 0 1) mC

Calculate the value of the capacitance and the percentage uncertainty in this
value. You must give the answer in the form

value percentage uncertainty

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10. The circuit below is used to determine the internal resistance r of a battery of
e.m.f. E.

The variable resistor provides known values of resistor R.

For each value of resistance R, the switch S is closed and the current I is noted.
For each current, the value of 1/I is calculated.

In one such experiment, the following graph of R against 1/I is obtained.

a) Conservation of energy applied to the complete circuit gives the following

relationship.
E = I(R + r)
Show that this relationship can be written in the form
R = (E/I) r

b) Use information from the graph to find:

(i) the internal resistance of the battery;
(ii) the e.m.f. of the battery.

End of Exam-Standard Exercise A

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 Exam-standard Exercise B

1. Certain materials can be doped to make a semiconductor called an n-type

material.

In an n-type material,

A the majority charge carriers are electrons

B the majority charge carriers are neutrons
C the majority charge carriers are protons
D there are more electrons than protons
E there are more electrons than neutrons

2. A student reads the following passage in a physics dictionary.

.a solid state device in which positive and negative charge carriers are
produced by the action of light on a p-n junction.

The passage describes a

A light emitting diode

B laser
C capacitor
D photodiode
E thermistor

3. A crystal of silicon is doped with arsenic, that is, a small number of the silicon
atoms are replaced with arsenic atoms.

The effect of the doping on the crystal is to

A make it into a photodiode

B make it into an insulator
C increase its resistance
D decrease its resistance
E allow it to conduct in only one direction

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4. Which of the following statements is/are true?

I In a light emitting diode, positive and negative charge carriers recombine to

emit light.
II In a p-n junction diode, the majority carriers in the p-type material are
electrons.
III In a photodiode, electron-hole pairs are produced by the action of light.

A I only
B I and II only
C I and III only
D II and III only
E I, II and III

5. Which one of the following graphs shows the relationship between the current I
in a p-n Junction diode and the voltage across the diode.

A B

C D

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6. The circuit below shows a photodiode connected in series with a resistor and an
ammeter.

In a darkened room, there is no current in the circuit.

When light strikes the photodiode, there is a current in the circuit.

a) (i) Describe the effect of light on the material of which the photodiode is
made.
(ii) In which mode is the photodiode operating?
(iii) The irradiance of the light at the junction of the photodiode increases.
Describe and explain what happens to the current in the circuit.

b) Light of a constant irradiance is shone on the photodiode in the circuit

shown above.
The following measurements are obtained with S open and then with S
closed.

(i) What is the value of the e.m.f. produced by the photodiode for this
light irradiance?
(ii) Calculate the internal resistance of the photodiode for this light
irradiance.

c) In the circuit above, the 20 W resistor is now replaced with a 4 0 W resistor.

The irradiance of the light is unchanged. The following measurements are
obtained.

Explain why the reading on the voltmeter, when S is closed, is smaller than
the corresponding reading in part (b).

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7. The diagram below represents the p-n junction of a light emitting diode (LED).

a) Draw a diagram showing the above p-n junction connected to a battery so

that the junction is forward biased.

b) When the junction is forward biased, there is a current in the diode.

Describe the movement of the charge carriers which produces this
current.

c) Describe how the charge carriers in the light emitting diode enable light
to be produced.

d) The following graph shows the variation of current with voltage for a diode
when it is forward biased.

(i) What is the minimum voltage required for the diode to conduct?
(ii) What happens to the resistance of the diode as the voltage is increased
above this minimum value?
Use information from the graph to justify your answer.

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8. a) Materials may be classified as conductors, semiconductors and
insulators.
Give an example of a material from each of these groups.

b) An electronics textbook states that

.p-type semiconductor material is formed by doping a pure

semiconductor material with impurity atoms.

What is meant by the term n-type semiconductor material?

End of Exam-Standard Exercise B

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 Numerical Answers

Exam Standard Exercise A

6. (b) 4 4 10-4 A
(c) (i) 0 04 J
7. (a) 0 10 V
(b) 2 5 W
(c) (i) 47 5 W
8. (a) (i) 282 mA
9. 1.3 mF 3.125 %
10. (b) (i) 2 5 W
(ii) 11 0 V (112 V)

Exam Standard Exercise B

6. (b) (i) 0 508 V
(ii) 0 467 W
7. (d) (i) 0 5 V
(ii) two calculations of R=V/I for different voltages should show that resistance of LED
decreases as VLED increases

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