AN1556

Blood Pressure Meter Design Using Microchips Analog

Devices and PIC24F Microcontrollers

Author: Zhang Feng,

Microchip Technology Inc.

INTRODUCTION
A Blood Pressure Meter (BPM) is a non-invasive
device used to measure blood pressure. This
application note demonstrates the implementation of a
digital blood pressure meter using Microchips
MCP6N16 instrumentation amplifier and a
PIC24FJ128GC010 microcontroller.

FIGURE 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power Supply 5/6V
Battery AAA 1.5V x 4 Voltage
Regulator 3.3V VDD
USB 5V 500mA MCP1802
Microcontroller
PIC24FJ128GC010
Analog Signal Conditioning
ADC1

Instrumentation OPA1
Air Pump Control Pressure Sensor Internal Op-Amp ADC2
Amplifier
High-pass Filter
MCP6N16
Measurement Solenoid Valve
Control
DAC
CTMU
I/O

PWM 1

LCD LCD Driver

User Interface Buzzer PWM2

Touch Pads CTMU I/Os

Debugging PICkit Serial UART

Wi-Fi Module
RN171
Communication SPI/UART
Bluetooth
Module RN42

Data Logging Computer USB

2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 1

AN1556
ANALOG FRONT-END SIGNAL is also displayed on the LCD panel by using the
microcontrollers Real-Time Clock and Calendar
CONDITIONING CIRCUIT module that can operate in Deep Sleep mode.
DESCRIPTION
As shown in Figure 1, the MCP6N16-100 single POWER SUPPLY
Instrumentation Amplifier (INA) is used to condition the
analog signal acquired from the Wheatstone bridge The main input power is supplied by either four 1.5V
type of air pressure sensor. The overall INA gain is set AAA alkaline batteries or the USBs VBus line. The
at 101 V/V. The output signal of the MCP6N16 is split MCP1802 LDO converts the 5V or 6V main input
into two paths. One path, representing the cuff voltage to 3.3V VDD.
pressure, is connected to the ADC1 channel of the
microcontroller. Another path is passed through a 2- SPECIAL FEATURES
pole active high-pass filter with cutoff frequencies of
0.48Hz and 4.8Hz, and a gain of 92. The high-pass A 2-pass moving average filter with a cutoff frequency
filter is formed by one of the microcontrollers internal of 3.5 Hz is implemented in the firmware. It filters the
operational amplifiers. The output of the high-pass raw ADC samples acquired from each ADC channel.
filter, representing the oscillation signal, is sent to the This demo system uses a custom algorithm for blood
ADC2 channel of the microcontroller. pressure calculation that was developed based upon
published academic papers available in the public
PIC24FJ128GC010 domain (see Appendix D: References).
MICROCONTROLLER
MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY
The microcontroller provides a 12-bit high-speed
pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The cuff A digital blood pressure meter measures systolic and
pressure signal and the oscillation signal are both diastolic pressures by oscillometric detection.
sampled at 250 Hz by the 12-bit ADC. Microchips digital blood pressure meter demo can
measure blood pressure and pulse rate during inflation.
As described in the previous section, the demo system
The Measurement While Inflating (MWI) principle
uses one of the microcontrollers internal operational
reduces overall measuring time, which in turn reduces
amplifiers to build the analog high-pass filter. It also
discomfort caused by the pressure in the cuff.
utilizes one of the internal 10-bit Digital-to-Analog
Converters (DAC) with buffered output voltage to After the motor pumps the pressure up to 30 mmHg in
provide an adjustable DC offset level as the bias for the fast mode, the motor changes to slow mode gradually
operational amplifier. and linearly inflating the cuff. When the pressure in the
cuff gets high enough to just begin constricting the flow
Microchips mTouch sensing solution is implemented
of blood, the arterial pulse becomes detectable by the
in the firmware for the capacitive touch pads utilizing
pressure sensor. At this point, the waveform captured
the microcontrollers Charge Time Measurement Unit
from the ADC2 channel (the output of the analog high-
(CTMU). Meanwhile, the air pressure sensor requires a
pass filter) starts to show the onset of the blood
stable supply current of 100 uA DC, which is also
pressure oscillation signal (see Figure 2). The
provided by the CTMU.
oscillation signal is then filtered by a 2-pass moving
The demo system utilizes the microcontrollers Pulse- average filter. The Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is the
Width Modulation (PWM) module to drive the air cuff pressure which corresponds to the maximum
pumps motor in fast or slow speed mode. The noise oscillation signal. Based on the custom algorithm for
generated by a running motor can interfere with the blood pressure calculation, the Systolic Pressure
pressure measurement while inflating. The circuit (SYS) and the Diastolic Pressure (DIA) can be
design, firmware and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) determined using the MAP value and a lookup table of
layout are intended to reduce the motor noise. empirical formulas (see Figure 3). The inflation process
The results for blood pressure and pulse rate can be is automatically terminated when the pressure reaches
sent to a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel, USB a specified value. The Pulse Rate (PR) can be
interface and wireless interface. The microcontroller calculated based on ADC sample rate and sample
has an integrated LCD controller that generates the numbers obtained in multiple consecutive pulses.
data and timing control required to directly drive a static
or multiplexed LCD panel. The demo system utilizes
the microcontrollers USB On-The-Go interface for data
communication as well as the 5V main power source.
For wireless communication, the microcontrollers SPI
or UART port connects to a Microchip RN42 Bluetooth
module or an RN171 Wi-Fi module. A real-time clock

DS00001556B-page 2 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
FIGURE 2: RAW ADC DATA OF THE OSCILLATION SIGNAL ACQUIRED FROM THE ADC2 AT
250 SAMPLES/SECOND

FIGURE 3: THE PLOT OF ADC DATA FOR DIGITALLY FILTERED OSCILLATION SIGNAL AND
CUFF PRESSURE SIGNAL

2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 3

AN1556
PROGRAM FLOWCHART
Figure 4 shows the firmware process flow.

FIGURE 4: FIRMWARE PROCESS FLOWCHART

Start

Initialization
Main Loop

Checking Push
Buttons
Start Button Pressed

Inflating Cuff

Enable ADC sample list 1

interrupt for taking ADC
samples from CH1 and
CH2 channels

Processing ADC data

Release Air

Calculating blood pressure

and pulse rate

Display Result

DS00001556B-page 4 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
APPENDIX A: BPM DEMO BOARD
This appendix shows the BPM demo board.

FIGURE 5: BPM DEMO BOARD

2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 5

AN1556
APPENDIX B: SCHEMATICS
This appendix shows the Blood Pressure Meter
schematics.

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DS00001556B-page 6 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
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2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 7

AN1556
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DS00001556B-page 8 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN1556
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2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001556B-page 9

AN1556
APPENDIX C: WARNINGS, APPENDIX D: REFERENCES
RESTRICTIONS AND Wang Wei-Wei, Pu Bao-Ming, He Bao-Yue, Li Sheng-
DISCLAIMER Jin. Design and Realization of Electronic
Sphygmomanometer Based on Inflation Measurement.
This demo is intended solely for evaluation and
Journal of Computer Systems & Applications,
development purposes. It is not intended for medical
2012,21(2):150-153,97.
diagnostic use.

DS00001556B-page 10 2013-2015 Microchip Technology Inc.

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
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There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
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Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 Fax: 886-3-5770-955
Mission Viejo, CA
Tel: 949-462-9523 China - Wuhan Taiwan - Kaohsiung
Fax: 949-462-9608 Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Tel: 886-7-213-7828
Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 Taiwan - Taipei
New York, NY
Tel: 631-435-6000 China - Xian Tel: 886-2-2508-8600
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102
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Tel: 408-735-9110 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 Thailand - Bangkok
Tel: 66-2-694-1351
Canada - Toronto
Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 66-2-694-1350
Fax: 905-673-6509
01/27/15

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