Main Project Report Final 2
Main Project Report Final 2
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted
the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ENGINEERING
by
P.SAITEJA [13311A04I8]
P.SAIAKHIL [13311A04I9]
G.SHASHANK [13311A04J0]
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr.KUMARASWAMY
ASST.PROFESSOR
DECLARATION
The work is original and has not been submitted for any
Place: Hyderabad
Date:
P.SAITEJA [13311A04I8]
P.SAIAKHIL [13311A04I9]
G.SHASHANK [13311A04J0]
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled Talking Plant being
submitted by
P.SAITEJA 13311A04I8
P.SAIAKHIL 13311A04I9
G.SHASHANK 13311A04J0
(Telangana), is a record of bonafide work carried out by them during the academic
The results embodied in the report have not been submitted to any other
(Mr.S.P.V SubbaRao)
HEAD ECE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank to all my teachers and professors for their valuable comments after
reviewing my research papers.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this project is to take care of the plants that we grow in our
Houses. the main aspect in this project is that, plant talks to us about its health
status .Health Status is monitored through Some sensors connected to NODEMCU ,
moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture of the soil that is required for the
plant. Temperature and Humidity sensor is used to measure the ambient weather
parameter that suits the plant health condition. whenever the plant is under healthy
environment it will show a message" i am happy" On OLED Display as well as sends
a notification to mobile app. If there is any abnormalities in the measured parameters
it will show that "i am sad. Plant daily greets his owner and will notify about the
main events like birthdays of owners friends. The another important aspect of this
project is we can manually water the plant from anywhere through Mobile app
communicated through WIFI communication.
INDEX
TOPICS
Certificates
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
2 Project overview 2
3 Thesis 3
3.5 DHT11... 23
1.1 Introduction:
The main purpose of this project is to take care of the plants that we
grow in our Houses. the main aspect in this project is that, plant talks to us
about its health status .Health Status is monitored through Some sensors
connected to NODEMCU , moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture of
the soil that is required for the plant. Temperature and Humidity sensor is
used to measure the ambient weather parameter that suits the plant health
condition.
WIFI Technology is being used everywhere in our daily life to fulfill our
sometimes we may even use same sensors differently for different applications.
Whatever it may be the final output is life has increased its speed with the
sense the condition of soil and weather parameters so that efficient water deliver
The modules in the project are: Moisture sensor which continuously gives
the information about the condition of soil (WET or DRY), humidity sensor servo is
used to monitor temperature and humidity . Servo meter is used as a sprinkler and
based on the sensor values this servo meter rotates . OLED display where the values
of temperature and humidity are displayed which are retrieved from the
wunderground .
1. The soil condition and weather parameters are known wirelessly trough WiFi.
2. Maintain the health status of the plant.
3. Displaying the status of plant on OLED and also knowning the status through
application.
4. Controlling the plant health and growth through the application.
5.Sending messages in the form of text to the people in the house which is
displayed using OLED and android application.
The thesis explains the implementation of "TALKING PLANT" using Node MCU
The organization of the thesis is explained here with:
Chapter 1 Presents introduction to the overall thesis and the overview of the project.
In the project overview a brief introduction of Node MCU, Humidity sensor, Soil
Moisture , and its applications are discussed.
Chapter 2 Presents the topic Internet Of Things. It explains about what is Internet
Of Things, Need for Internet Of Things and its applications.
Chapter 3 Presents the hardware description. It deals with the block diagram of the
project and explains the purpose of each block. In the same chapter the explanation of
Chapter 7 Presents the results, conclusion and future scope of the project.
CHAPTER 2: INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Introduction:
History:
The term Internet of Things (IoT) was first used in 1999 by British
technology pioneer Kevin Ashton to describe a system in which objects in the
physical world could be connected to the Internet by sensors. Ashton coined the term
to illustrate the power of connecting Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags used
in corporate supply chains to the Internet in order to count and track goods without
the need for human intervention. Today, the Internet of Things has become a popular
term for describing scenarios in which Internet connectivity and computing capability
extend to a variety of objects, devices, sensors, and everyday items.
Using IP to connect devices other than computers to the Internet is not a new
idea. The first Internet devicean IPenabled toaster that could be turned on and
off over the Internetwas featured at an Internet conference in 1990. Over the next
several years, other things were IPenabled, including a soda machine at Carnegie
Mellon University in the US and a coffee pot in the Trojan Room at the University of
Cambridge in the UK (which remained Internetconnected until 2001). From these
whimsical beginnings, a robust field of research and development into smart object
networking helped create the foundation for todays Internet of Things.
Source: Tschofenig, H., et. al., Architectural Considera/ons in Smart Object Networking. Tech. no. RFC 7452. Internet Architecture Board, Mar. 20
<hRps://www.rfc&editor.org/rfc/rfc7452.txt>.
Device-to-Cloud Communications:
Device with
Device withCarbon
TemperatureMonoxide
SensorSensor
Source: Tschofenig, H., et. al., Architectural Considera9ons in Smart Object Networking. Tech. no. RFC 7452. Internet Architecture Board, Mar. 2015. Web
<hN
Figure 2. Device-to-cloud communication model diagram.
Device-to-Gateway Model:
Application Service
Provider
IPv4/IPv6
HTTP CoAP
Protocol DTLS UDP IPv6
TLS TCP IPv6 Local Gateway
Stack
Device with
Device with Layer 1 Protocol Carbon Monoxide Sensor
Temperature Sensor Bluetooth Smart IEEE 802.11 (WiDFi)
IEEE 802.15.4 (LRDWPAN)
Source: Tschofenig, H., et. al., Architectural Considera9ons in Smart Object Networking. Tech. no. RFC 7452. Internet Architecture Board, Mar. 2015. Web.
<hN
Despite the global buzz around the Internet of Things, there is no single,
universally accepted definition for the term. Different definitions are used by various
groups to describe or promote a particular view of what IoT means and its most
important attributes. Some definitions specify the concept of the Internet or the
Internet Protocol (IP), while others, perhaps surprisingly, do not. For example,
consider the following definitions.
The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) denotes a trend where a large number of
embedded devices employ communication services offered by the Internet protocols.
Many of these devices, often called "smart objects, are not directly operated by
humans, but exist as components in buildings or vehicles, or are spread out in the
environment.
Within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the term smart object
networking is commonly used in reference to the Internet of Things. In this context,
smart objects are devices that typically have significant constraints, such as limited
power, memory, and processing resources, or bandwidth. Work in the IETF is
organized around specific requirements to achieve network interoperability between
several types of smart objects.
The Oxford Dictionaries offers a concise definition that invokes the Internet as
an element of the IoT:
The major objectives for IoT are the creation of smart environments/spaces
and self-aware things (for example: smart trans- port, products, cities, buildings, rural
areas, energy, health, living, etc.) for climate, food, energy, mobility, digital society
and health applications.
At the city level, the integration of technology and quicker data analysis will
lead to a more coordinated and effective civil response to security and safety (law
enforcement and blue light services); higher demand for outsourcing security
capabilities.
At the building level, security technology will be integrated into systems and
deliver a return on investment to the end-user through leveraging the technology in
multiple applications (HR and time and attendance, customer behaviour in retail
applications etc.).
The Internet of Things concept refers to uniquely identifiable things with their
virtual representations in an Internet-like structure and IoT solutions comprising a
number of components such as:
Module for interaction with local IoT devices (for example embedded
in a mobile phone or located in the immediate vicinity of the user and
thus contactable via a short range wireless inter- face). This module is
responsible for acquisition of observations and their forwarding to
remote servers for analysis and permanent storage.
Module for local analysis and processing of observations acquired by
IoT devices.
Module for interaction with remote IoT devices, directly over the
Internet or more likely via a proxy. This module is responsible for
acquisition of observations and their forwarding to remote servers for
analysis and permanent storage.
Module for application specific data analysis and processing. This
module is running on an application server serving all clients. It is
taking requests from mobile and web clients and relevant IoT
observations as input, executes appropriate data processing algorithms
and generates output in terms of knowledge that is later presented to
users.
Module for integration of IoT-generated information into the business
processes of an enterprise. This module will be gaining importance
with the increased use of IoT data by enterprises as one of the
important factors in day-to-day business or business strategy
definition.
User interface (web or mobile): visual representation of measurements
in a given context (for example on a map) and interaction with the
user, i.e. definition of user queries.
It is important to highlight that one of the crucial factors for the
success of IoT is stepping away from vertically-oriented, closed
systems towards open systems, based on open APIs and standardized
protocols at various system levels.
Data Management:
There are many technologies and factors involved in the data management
within the IoT context. Some of the most relevant concepts which enable us to
understand the challenges and opportunities of data management are:
Big Data
Virtual Sensors
The DCA module is part of the core layer of any IoT platform. Some of the
main functions of a DCA module are:
User data & operation modelling: Allows the customer to create new sensor data
models to accommodate collected information and the modelling of the supported
operations
Customer rules/filtering: Allows the customer to establish its own filters and rules to
correlate events
Customer task automation: Provides the customer with the ability to manage his
automatic processes.
Customer workflows: Allows the customer to create his own workflow to process
the incoming events from a device
In the coming years, the main research efforts should be targeted to some
features that should be included in any Data Collection and Analysis platform:
Security. DCA platforms should increase the level of data protection and security,
from the transmission of messages from devices (sensors, actuators, etc.) to the data
stored in the platform.
Data mining features. Ideally, DCA systems should also integrate capacities for the
processing of the stored info, making it easier to extract useful data from the huge
amount of contents that may be recorded.
CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 Introduction:
In this chapter the block diagram of the project and design aspect of
independent modules are considered. Block diagram is shown in fig: 3.1
Servo Motor
Moisture Cloud
Sensor
NodeMCU
Humidity
OLED
Display Android
app
FIG 3.1: Block diagram of TALKING PLANT
Node MCU
Moisture sensor
DHT sensor
servo Motor
OLED display
PIR SENSOR:
Features:
Onboard LEDs light up the lens for fast visual feedback when
movement is detected Mounting holes for #2 sized screws
Key Specifications:
Theory of Operation:
3.2 ESP8266-12E:
Fig. 8 ESP8266-12E
Your ESP8266 is an impressive, low cost WiFi module suitable for adding
WiFi functionality to an existing microcontroller project via a UART serial
connection. The module can even be reprogrammed to act as a standalone WiFi
connected devicejust add power! The feature list is impressive and includes: 802.11
b/g/n protocol Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack.
Summary:
Microcontroller ESP-8266EX
Operating Voltage 3.3V
Digital I/O Pins 11
Analog Pins 1(Max input: 3.2V)
Clock Speed 80MHZ/160MHZ
Flash 4MB
Length 34.2mm
Width 25.6mm
Weight 10gm
Board:
Fig. 8 ESP8266-12E board Description
ESP8266EX has been designed for mobile, wearable electronics and Internet
of Things applications with the aim of achieving the lowest power consumption with
a combination of several proprietary techniques. The power saving architecture
operates mainly in 3 modes: active mode, sleep mode and deep sleep mode. By using
advance power management techniques and logic to power-down functions not
required and to control switching between sleep and active modes, ESP8266EX
consumes about than 60uA in deep sleep mode (with RTC clock still running) and less
than 1.0mA (DTIM=3) or less than 0.5mA (DTIM=10) to stay connected to the access
point. When in sleep mode, only the calibrated real-time clock and watchdog remains
active. The real-time clock can be programmed to wake up the ESP8266EX at any
required interval. The ESP8266EX can be programmed to wake up when a specified
condition is detected. This minimal wake-up time feature of the ESP8266EX can be
utilized by mobile device SOCs, allowing them to remain in the low-power standby
mode until WiFi is needed. In order to satisfy the power demand of mobile and
wearable electronics, ESP8266EX can be programmed to reduce the output power of
the PA to fit various application profiles, by trading off range for power consumption.
Pin Definition:
DHT11:(Humidity Sensor)
Features:
Product parameters:
Repeatability : 1% RH
Accuracy : At 25 C 5% RH
Repeatability : 0.2
Range : At 25 C2 C
Pin Description
Attentions of application
Applying the DHT11 sensor beyond its working range stated in this datasheet
can result in 3%RH signal shift/discrepancy. The DHT11 sensor can recover to the
calibrated status gradually when it gets back to the normal operating condition and
works within its range. Please refer to (3) of this section to accelerate its recovery.
Please be aware that operating the DHT11 sensor in the non-normal working
conditions will accelerate sensors aging process.
Vapor from chemical materials may interfere with DHTs sensitive-elements and
debase its sensitivity. A high degree of chemical contamination can permanently
damage the sensor.
Step one: Keep the DHT sensor at the condition of Temperature 50~60Celsius,
humidity <10%RH for 2 hours;
Step two:K keep the DHT sensor at the condition of Temperature 20~30Celsius,
humidity >70%RH for 5 hours.
(4) Temperature Affect
Long time exposure to strong sunlight and ultraviolet may debase DHTs
performance.
The quality of connection wires will affect the quality and distance of communication
and high quality shielding-wire is recommended.
* Welding temperature should be bellow 260Celsius and contact should take less than
10 seconds.
* Do not use this product in safety or emergency stop devices or any other occasion
that failure of DHT11 may cause personal injury.
This sensor can be used to test the moisture of soil, when the soil is having water
shortage, the module output is at high level, else the output is at low level. By using
this sensor one can automatically water the flower plant, or any other plants requiring
automatic watering technique. Module triple output mode, digital output is simple,
analog output more accurate, serial output with exact readings.
Features:
Sensitivity adjustable.
Has fixed bolt hole, convenient installation.
Threshold level can be configured.
Module triple output mode, digital output is simple, analog output more
accurate, serial output with exact readings.
Applications:
Agriculture
Landscape irrigation
Specifications:
OLED display:
Transparent OLED is a breakthrough transparent display technology that
displays dynamic or interactive information on a transparent surface glass. This
revolutionary display allows users to view what is shown on a glass video screen
while still being able to see through it. Designers can overlay text, digital images, and
video content onto physical objects or scenes that sit behind the glass.
OLEDs work in a similar way to conventional diodes and LEDs, but instead of
using layers of n-type and p-type semiconductors, they use organic molecules to
produce their electrons and holes. A simple OLED is made up of six different layers.
On the top and bottom there are layers of protective glass or plastic. The top layer is
called the seal and the bottom layer the substrate. In between those layers, there's a
negative terminal (sometimes called the cathode) and a positive terminal (called the
anode). Finally, in between the anode and cathode are two layers made from organic
molecules called the emissive layer (where the light is produced, which is next to the
cathode) and the conductive layer (next to the anode)
Arduino IDE:
WRITING SKETCHES
Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches
are written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino. The editor has
features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives
feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays
text output by the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and
other information. The bottom righthand corner of the window displays the
configured board and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload
programs, create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial monitor.
NB: Versions of the Arduino Software (IDE) prior to 1.0 saved sketches with the
extension .pde. It is possible to open these files with version 1.0, you will be
prompted to save the sketch with the .ino extension on save.
Verify
Checks your code for errors compiling it.
Upload
Compiles your code and uploads it to the configured board.
See uploading below for details.
Note: If you are using an external programmer with your board, you can
hold down the "shift" key on your computer when using this icon. The text
will change to "Upload using Programmer"
New
Creates a new sketch.
Open
Presents a menu of all the sketches in your sketchbook. Clicking one will
open it within the current window overwriting its content.
Note: due to a bug in Java, this menu doesn't scroll; if you need to open a
sketch late in the list, use the File | Sketchbookmenu instead.
Save
Saves your sketch.
SerialMonitor
Opens the serial monitor.
File:
New
Creates a new instance of the editor, with the bare minimum structure of a sketch
already in place.
Open
Allows to load a sketch file browsing through the computer drives and folders.
OpenRecent
Provides a short list of the most recent sketches, ready to be opened.
Sketchbook
Shows the current sketches within the sketchbook folder structure; clicking on any
name opens the corresponding sketch in a new editor instance.
Examples
Any example provided by the Arduino Software (IDE) or library shows up in this
menu item. All the examples are structured in a tree that allows easy access by topic
or library.
Close
Closes the instance of the Arduino Software from which it is clicked.
Save
Saves the sketch with the current name. If the file hasn't been named before, a name
will be provided in a "Save as.." window.
Saveas...
Allows to save the current sketch with a different name.
PageSetup
It shows the Page Setup window for printing.
Print
Sends the current sketch to the printer according to the settings defined in Page Setup.
Preferences
Opens the Preferences window where some settings of the IDE may be customized, as
the language of the IDE interface.
Quit
Closes all IDE windows. The same sketches open when Quit was chosen will be
automatically reopened the next time you start the IDE.
Edit:
Undo/Redo
Goes back of one or more steps you did while editing; when you go back, you may go
forward with Redo.
Cut
Removes the selected text from the editor and places it into the clipboard.
Copy
Duplicates the selected text in the editor and places it into the clipboard.
Copy for Forum
Copies the code of your sketch to the clipboard in a form suitable for posting to the
forum, complete with syntax coloring.
Copy as HTML
Copies the code of your sketch to the clipboard as HTML, suitable for embedding in
web pages.
Paste
Puts the contents of the clipboard at the cursor position, in the editor.
SelectAll
Selects and highlights the whole content of the editor.
Comment/Uncomment
Puts or removes the // comment marker at the beginning of each selected line.
Increase/DecreaseIndent
Adds or subtracts a space at the beginning of each selected line, moving the text one
space on the right or eliminating a space at the beginning.
Find
Opens the Find and Replace window where you can specify text to search inside the
current sketch according to several options.
Find Next
Highlights the next occurrence - if any - of the string specified as the search item in
the Find window, relative to the cursor position.
Find Previous
Highlights the previous occurrence - if any - of the string specified as the search item
in the Find window relative to the cursor position.
Sketch:
Verify/Compile
Checks your sketch for errors compiling it; it will report memory usage for code and
variables in the console area.
Upload
Compiles and loads the binary file onto the configured board through the configured
Port.
IncludeLibrary
Adds a library to your sketch by inserting #include statements at the start of your
code. For more details, seelibraries below. Additionally, from this menu item you can
access the Library Manager and import new libraries from .zip files.
AddFile...
Adds a source file to the sketch (it will be copied from its current location). The new
file appears in a new tab in the sketch window. Files can be removed from the sketch
using the tab menu accessible clicking on the small triangle icon below the serial
monitor one on the right side o the toolbar.
Tools:
Auto Format
This formats your code nicely: i.e. indents it so that opening and closing curly braces
line up, and that the statements inside curly braces are indented more.
Archive Sketch
Archives a copy of the current sketch in .zip format. The archive is placed in the same
directory as the sketch.
Serial Monitor
Opens the serial monitor window and initiates the exchange of data with any
connected board on the currently selected Port. This usually resets the board, if the
board supports Reset over serial port opening.
Board
Select the board that you're using. See below for descriptions of the various boards.
Port
This menu contains all the serial devices (real or virtual) on your machine. It should
automatically refresh every time you open the top-level tools menu.
Programmer
For selecting a harware programmer when programming a board or chip and not using
the onboard USB-serial connection. Normally you won't need this, but if
you're burning a bootloader to a new microcontroller, you will use this.
Burn Bootloader
The items in this menu allow you to burn a bootloader onto the microcontroller on an
Arduino board. This is not required for normal use of an Arduino or Genuino board
but is useful if you purchase a new ATmega microcontroller (which normally come
without a bootloader). Ensure that you've selected the correct board from
the Boards menu before burning the bootloader on the target board. This command
also set the right fuses.
SKETCHBOOK
The Arduino Software (IDE) uses the concept of a sketchbook: a standard place to
store your programs (or sketches). The sketches in your sketchbook can be opened
from the File > Sketchbook menu or from the Open button on the toolbar. The first
time you run the Arduino software, it will automatically create a directory for your
sketchbook. You can view or change the location of the sketchbook location from
with the Preferences dialog.
Beginning with version 1.0, files are saved with a .ino file extension. Previous
versions use the .pde extension. You may still open .pde named files in version 1.0
and later, the software will automatically rename the extension to .ino.
Allows you to manage sketches with more than one file (each of which
appears in its own tab). These can be normal Arduino code files (no visible
extension), C files (.c extension), C++ files (.cpp), or header files (.h).
UPLOADING
Before uploading your sketch, you need to select the correct items from
the Tools > Board and Tools > Port menus. The boards are described below. On the
Mac, the serial port is probably something like /dev/tty.usbmodem241 (for an Uno or
Mega2560 or Leonardo) or /dev/tty.usbserial-1B1 (for a Duemilanove or earlier USB
board), or/dev/tty.USA19QW1b1P1.1 (for a serial board connected with a Keyspan
USB-to-Serial adapter). On Windows, it's probably COM1 or COM2 (for a serial
board) or COM4, COM5, COM7, or higher (for a USB board) - to find out, you look
for USB serial device in the ports section of the Windows Device Manager. On Linux,
it should be /dev/ttyACMx ,/dev/ttyUSBx or similar. Once you've selected the correct
serial port and board, press the upload button in the toolbar or select the Upload item
from the File menu. Current Arduino boards will reset automatically and begin the
upload. With older boards (pre-Diecimila) that lack auto-reset, you'll need to press the
reset button on the board just before starting the upload. On most boards, you'll see
the RX and TX LEDs blink as the sketch is uploaded. The Arduino Software (IDE)
will display a message when the upload is complete, or show an error.
When you upload a sketch, you're using the Arduino boot-loader, a small
program that has been loaded on to the microcontroller on your board. It allows you to
upload code without using any additional hardware. The boot-loader is active for a
few seconds when the board resets; then it starts whichever sketch was most recently
uploaded to the microcontroller. The boot-loader will blink the on-board (pin 13) LED
when it starts (i.e. when the board resets).
LIBRARIES
Libraries provide extra functionality for use in sketches, e.g. working with
hardware or manipulating data. To use a library in a sketch, select it from the Sketch >
Import Library menu. This will insert one or more #include statements at the top of
the sketch and compile the library with your sketch. Because libraries are uploaded to
the board with your sketch, they increase the amount of space it takes up. If a sketch
no longer needs a library, simply delete its #include statements from the top of your
code. Some libraries are included with the Arduino software. Others can be
downloaded from a variety of sources or through the Library Manager. Starting with
version 1.0.5 of the IDE, you do can import a library from a zip file and use it in an
open sketch
THIRD-PARTY HARDWARE
SERIAL MONITOR
Displays serial data being sent from the Arduino or Genuino board (USB or
serial board). To send data to the board, enter text and click on the "send" button or
press enter. Choose the baud rate from the drop-down that matches the rate passed
to Serial.begin in your sketch. Note that on Windows, Mac or Linux, the Arduino or
Genuino board will reset (rerun your sketch execution to the beginning) when you
connect with the serial monitor.
You can also talk to the board from Processing, Flash, MaxMSP, etc (see
the interfacing page for details).
PREFERENCES
LANGUAGE SUPPORT
Since version 1.0.1 , the Arduino Software (IDE) has been translated into 30+
different languages. By default, the IDE loads in the language selected by your
operating system. (Note: on Windows and possibly Linux, this is determined by the
locale setting which controls currency and date formats, not by the language the
operating system is displayed in.)
If you would like to change the language manually, start the Arduino Software
(IDE) and open the Preferences window. Next to the Editor Language there is a
dropdown menu of currently supported languages. Select your preferred language
from the menu, and restart the software to use the selected language. If your operating
system language is not supported, the Arduino Software (IDE) will default to English.
You can return the software to its default setting of selecting its language
based on your operating system by selecting System Default from the Editor
Language drop-down. This setting will take effect when you restart the Arduino
Software (IDE). Similarly, after changing your operating system's settings, you must
restart the Arduino Software (IDE) to update it to the new default language.
BOARDS
The board selection has two effects: it sets the parameters (e.g. CPU speed and
baud rate) used when compiling and uploading sketches; and sets and the file and fuse
settings used by the burn boot-loader command. Some of the board definitions differ
only in the latter, so even if you've been uploading successfully with a particular
selection you'll want to check it before burning the bootloader. You can find a
comparison table between the various boards here.
Arduino Software (IDE) includes the built in support for the boards in the
following list, all based on the AVR Core. The Boards Manager included in the
standard installation allows to add support for the growing number of new boards
based on different cores like Arduino Due, Arduino Zero, Edison, Galileo and so on.
Arduino Yn
An ATmega32u4 running at 16 MHz with auto-reset, 12 Analog In, 20 Digital I/O and
7 PWM.
Arduino/Genuino Uno
An ATmega328 running at 16 MHz with auto-reset, 6 Analog In, 14 Digital I/O and 6
PWM.
Arduino Leonardo
An ATmega32u4 running at 16 MHz with auto-reset, 12 Analog In, 20 Digital I/O and
7 PWM.
Arduino Micro
An ATmega32u4 running at 16 MHz with auto-reset, 12 Analog In, 20 Digital I/O and
7 PWM.
Arduino Esplora
An ATmega32u4 running at 16 MHz with auto-reset.
Arduino Ethernet
Equivalent to Arduino UNO with an Ethernet shield: An ATmega328 running at
16 MHz with auto-reset, 6 Analog In, 14 Digital I/O and 6 PWM.
Arduino Fio
An ATmega328 running at 8 MHz with auto-reset. Equivalent to Arduino Pro or Pro
Mini (3.3V, 8 MHz) w/ATmega328, 6 Analog In, 14 Digital I/O and 6 PWM.
Arduino BT w/ ATmega328
ATmega328 running at 16 MHz. The bootloader burned (4 KB) includes codes to
initialize the on-board bluetooth module, 6 Analog In, 14 Digital I/O and 6 PWM..
LilyPad Arduino
An ATmega168 or ATmega132 running at 8 MHz with auto-reset, 6 Analog In, 14
Digital I/O and 6 PWM.
Easy Installation
Water Conservation
Only required amount of water is used with respect to the humidity and moisture
levels of the plant and soil.
DISADVANTAGES:
High-Maintenance
CHAPTER 7: RESULTS
7.1 Results:
The project TALKING PLANT was designed a system which gives the
weather and soil monitoring status using humidity sensor, soil moister sensor. Health
of a plant can be maintained and monitored from far distances digitally.
7.2 Conclusion:
This review is proposed to supports the growth of a plant which can be grown and
monitored from far distances without any difficulty. Microcontroller in the system
promises about increase in systems life by reducing the power consumption
resulting in lower power consumption. It is very useful for people who are very
busy nowadays in this mechanical life. Talking Plant is effective and efficient
working to monitor the life of a plant from far places without any difficulty.
1. www.arduino.cc
2. www.allaboutcircuits.com
3. www.microchip.com
4. www.howstuffworks.com