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    Einstein Notation For Vectors

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    RhysU
    Quick reference for using Einstein summation notation with common vector operators like grad, div, and curl.

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    Einstein Notation For Vectors

    Uploaded by

    RhysU
    7K views1 page
    Quick reference for using Einstein summation notation with common vector operators like grad, div, and curl.

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    Einstein notation for vectors

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    Quick reference for using Einstein summation notation with common vector operators like grad, div, and curl.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7K views1 page

    Einstein Notation For Vectors

    Uploaded by

    RhysU
    Quick reference for using Einstein summation notation with common vector operators like grad, div, and curl.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Vector calculus with Einstein notation quick reference Page 1 of 1

    Kronecker Delta and Levi-Civita relations:


    δii = 3
    δi j δ jk = δik
    εi jk εi jm = 2δkm
    εi jk εimn = δ jm δkn − δ jn δkm
    εi jk εi jk = 6

    Scalar, vector, and 2-tensor operations


    αv + βu = (αvi + βui ) ei
      
    αA + βB = αAi j + βBi j ei ⊗ e j
     
    vA = (vl el ) A ji e j ⊗ ei = ei δl j vl A ji = ei v j A ji
     
    Av = Ai j ei ⊗ e j (vl el ) = ei δ jl Ai j vl = ei Ai j v j
         
    AB = Ai j ei ⊗ e j Bi j ei ⊗ e j = Ail Bl j ei ⊗ e j
    tr (AB) = Ai j B ji
     
    A : B = tr AT B = Ai j Bi j

    Inner, outer, and cross products:


    a · b = ai bi
     
    a ⊗ b = ai b j ei ⊗ e j
    a × b = εi jk ai b j ek
    a × b × c = ai b j ci e j − ai bi c j e j
    = (a · c) b − (a · b) c
    Basic translations into summation convention:
    ∇ = ei ∂i Del operator
    ∆ = ∂i ∂i Laplacian operator, ∇2 = ∇ · ∇
    ∇ϕ = ei ∂i ϕ gradient : scalar → vector
     
    ∇∇ϕ = ∂i ∂ j ϕ ei ⊗ e j gradient gradient : scalar → tensor
     
    ∇u = ∂ j ui ei ⊗ e j gradient : vector → tensor
    ∇ · u = ∂i u i divergence: vector → scalar
     
    ∇ × u = εi jk ∂i u j ek curl: vector → vector

    Tautologies using summation convention:


    ∇ × (∇ϕ) = 0 ⇐⇒ εi jk ∂i ∂ j ϕek = 0 curl gradient scalar
    ∇ · (∇ × u) = 0 ⇐⇒ εi jk ∂i ∂ j uk = 0 divergence curl vector

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