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System and Automatic Control Lab (EC-218)

This document describes an experiment to study and compare the performance of P, PI, and PID temperature controllers for an oven. The apparatus includes a temperature control kit with an oven, temperature sensor, and main unit to configure P, PI, PD, or PID control. The experiment involves measuring the open-loop response of the oven and then testing P, PI, and PID closed-loop control to regulate the oven's temperature. Data is recorded in an observation table to compare the controllers' performance.

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109 views4 pages

System and Automatic Control Lab (EC-218)

This document describes an experiment to study and compare the performance of P, PI, and PID temperature controllers for an oven. The apparatus includes a temperature control kit with an oven, temperature sensor, and main unit to configure P, PI, PD, or PID control. The experiment involves measuring the open-loop response of the oven and then testing P, PI, and PID closed-loop control to regulate the oven's temperature. Data is recorded in an observation table to compare the controllers' performance.

Uploaded by

arjunv_14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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System and Automatic Control Lab (EC-218)

Experiment No. 52

Object: To study P, PI and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance.
Apparatus used:

S. No. Apparatus/components Quantity Rating /Makes


1 Kit 1 Techno Instrument
2 lead 2 -
3 Stop watch 1 -

Circuit Diagram:
System and Automatic Control Lab (EC-218)

Theory:
Temperature control is an important application of control theory to industrial processes.
This experiment has been designed to expose the students to such a practical control system, its
various stages for control, and the tuning of a PID controller. The process consists of a small and
fast responding oven which can be controlled in the temperature range from ambient to about
90C. Temperature readings may be taken manually on a 3 digit meter, mounted on the main
unit, at regular intervals. A built-in digital timer having 'START', 'STOP' and 'PAUSE' switches
on the panel makes the conduct of an experiment very simple. This design of the oven avoids
expensive accessories like an X-Y recorder for conducting the experiment. A forced cooling
arrangement has been provided to bring the oven temperature down to room temperature after
every experiment. Since the oven may be cooled to the ambient relatively speedily, a number of
cycles of experimentation are possible in the usual laboratory hours.
The oven is connected to the main unit through a four pin connector, two for the sensor output
and the others for controller output to the heater. The main unit has provisions for configuring
any type of controller such as P, PI, PD, PID or ON-OFF, and has potentiometer controls for PID
coefficient settings. All supplies and metering system are built-in and no accessories are
required.
Open loop response of the oven is obtained by applying a step command with feedback
disconnected. Temperature readings are noted and the plot so obtained provides the
characteristics of the oven, i.e., its time constant and time delay.
The simplest form of controller is a relay which switches the oven ON and OFF. Presence of
hysteresis is essential for avoiding excessive relay switching, of course at the cost of accuracy.
The performance is studied here for the two hysteresis settings of the built-
PID controllers may be set or tuned by many different methods. In this experiment the design
method of Ziegler-Nichol is suggested for setting the coefficient potentiometers and the resulting
response curve is studied. Other methods may also be used equally easily.
The literature accompanying the unit describes in detail the mathematical concepts, procedure
for experiments and a few test results. A number of additional experiments may also be planned
by the teacher using books and literature on this subject which is suggested in the references
given.
System and Automatic Control Lab (EC-218)

Features & Specifications


1. Temperature controller with facilities for P, I, D and relay control blocks
2. Operating temperature: Ambient to 90C
3. Separate controls for P, I, D channel gains
4. Two settings for relay hysteresis
5. Fast 25W oven fitted with IC temperature sensor
6. Forced cooling option to ready the oven for next experiment
7. Digital display of set and measured temperature on a 3 digit built-in DVM
8. 0-9999 sec. timer on panel for a convenient temperature response experiment
9. Buffered output for recorder
10. IC regulation in controller circuit power supplies
11. 220V10%, 50Hz mains operation
12. Supporting literature and patch cords included
13. No accessories required

Observation Table:

S.No. Time(s) P Control (C0) PI Control (C0) PID Control (C0)

Procedure:

Proportional controller:

Kp = (1/k)*T1/T2.
System and Automatic Control Lab (EC-218)

Starting with a cool oven ,switch S1 to WAIT position and connect P output to the
actuator input . Keep R,D,I disconnected . Short FEED BACK terminals.
Set P potentiometer to above calculated value Kp. Keeping in mind that the maximum
gain is 10.
select and set desired temperature to 55 C0.
Switch S1to RUN position and record temperature reading as above.

Result:

Discussion:

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