166 CHAPTERS Applying Nomton's Lows, regions of the graph where siatic and kinetic friction occur, () Find the coelficiemts of static and kinetic friction between the block and the table, (c) Why does the graph slant upward in the first part but then level out? (2) What woul the graph look Like if a 135-N brick were placed on the box, and what would the coeffi cients of feietion he in that case? 4.27 +» GP A stockroom worker pushes a box with mess 11.2 kg fon a horizontal surface with # constant speed of 3.50 my, The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the surface is (0.20. (@) What horizontal force must the worker apply to maintain the motion? (b) If the fore calculated in part (2) is removed, Now {ar does the box slid before coming to rest? 3.28 * AA box of bananas weighing 40.0 N rests on a horizontal surface, Tho coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is 0.40, andthe coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. (a If +o horizontal force is applet the box and the box is at ret, bow large isthe friction force exerted onthe box? (b) What isthe maga {ude ofthe friction fowce if a monkey applies « horizontal force of 5.0.8 fo the box and the box is inkially at res? (e) What minimum ‘horizontal force must the monkey apply to start the box in motion? (@) What minimuca horizontal force mast the monkey apply to keep the box moving at constant velocity ance it has boen sarod? (e) It {the monkey applies a horizontal frce of 18.0 N, whats the magi {ude o the fiction force and what isthe box’saccoleraion? 20 +» A 45.0-kg crate of tools rests on a horizontal floor, You cxert a gradually increasing horizontal push on it end observe that the crate just begins to move when your force exceeds 313 N. After that you must reduce your push to 208 N to Keep it moving at steady 25.0 emys. (a) What are the cooffcients of static and kinetic fiction between the crate and the floor? (b) What push must you ‘xe fo give it an aceleration of 1.10-m/5"” (6) Suppose you were _ecforming the same experiment on this erat but Were doing ton the ‘moon instead, whese the acceleration due to gravity is 1.62 m/s, @ What magnitude push would cause it to move? (i) What would its ‘acceleration be if you maintined the pushin part (b)? 4.80 «+ Some sliding rocks approach the base of a hill with a speed of 12 m/s. The hill rises at 36° above the orizotal and has conflicients of kinetic and static friction of 04S and 0.65, respec tively, with these racks. (8) Find the aoceleration of the roeks as they slide up the hill. (b) Once a rock reaches is highest point, will itstay there or slide down the hill? If it stays there, show why, Tit slides dovin, find its acceleration on the way down, 5.1 +» You are lowering two boxes, one on top of the other, own the ramp showa in Fig. 25.31 by pulling on arops paaliel to the surface of the ramp, Both boxes move together a a constant speed of 15.0 emy/s, The coefficient of kinetic friction between the amp and the lower box is 0.444, and the coellcient of static ftc~ tion between the two boxes is 0,800. (a) What force do you need ta ‘exert to accomplish this? (b) What are the magnitude and dieetion of the fiction force on tho upper box? Figue 5.34 5.82 - A pickup tuck is canying 2 toolbox, bu the rear gate of tho truck is missing, so the box will side out if i is set moving. ‘The coefficients of kinetic and static friction between the box and the bed of the truck ate 0.355 and 0.650, respectively. Startins from rest, what i the shortest time this truck could accelerate uni- foumly to 30.0 m/s without causing the box to slide? Tnciude a frec-body diaptam ofthe toolbox as part of your solution, 45.33 -- (GP Stopping Distance, (a) iF the coefficient of Kinetic ftition between tires and dry pavement is 080, what isthe short est distance in whieh you ean stop an automobile by locking the brakes when traveling at 28.7 me (about 65 mi/h)? (b) On wet ‘pavement the coefficient of kinetic friction may be only 0.25. How ‘ast should you dive on wet pavement in order to be able to stop in the same distance as in pact (a)? (Note: Locking the brakes is not the safest way to stop.) SB Consider the Figure BS.34 system shown in Fig, 5.34. Block A weighs 45.0. N and block # weighs 25.0 N, Once block B is set into downward motion, it descends a a constant speed. (a) Caleulste the cooffiient of kinetic fiction betwer block A and the tabletop. (b) A cat, also of weight 45.0 N, falls sleep on top of block A. If block B is now set into downward fon, what is ite aeceleretion (magnitude and direction)? }« Two erates connected by a rope le on a horizontal surface 425,35). Crate A has mass mg and erate has mass mp. The coefficient of kinetic friction between each erate and the surface is yp The crates are pulled tothe right at constant velocity by a horizontal foree F. In terms of ma, ma, und ju, caleulate (a) the ‘magnitude of the foree F and (b) the tonsion in the rope connecting the blocks. Include the fre-body diagram or diagrams you used to ‘determine each snswet Fue £5.35 5.36 «+ CP A 25,0-kg box of texthooks rests on # loading ramp that makes an angle a with the horizontal. The coeficient of kinetic friction is 0:25, and the coefficient of static fection is 0.35, (8) As the angle eis increased, find the minim angle at whic the box starts to slip. (b) At this angle, find the acceleration once ‘he box fas begun to move. (c) Atthis angle, baw fast will the box ‘emoving afer it has slid 5.0 m along the Loading ramp? 537 +» GP Asshown in Fig. E5.¥, block A (mass 225 kg ess ona tabletop. Is connected by ahocizontal cord pasing over igh, ic Hones pulley to aang block B (mess 1.30 k). The eveicient of itetic ition between block A and the tabletop is 0450. Aer the blocks re released from ret, ind (a) the speed of each block ser ‘moving 3.00 om and (b) the tension in ie cord, Include the free body diagram or diagrams you used to determine te ansivers. 5.38 «+ A box with mass m is dragged across a level oor having 8 coefficient of kinetic fiction jg by rope tht is pulled upward ‘at an angle @ above the horizontal with a force of magnitude F, (@)In tenes of m,n. 0, and g, obtain an expression forthe mgni ‘ude of the force required ro move the lox with constant speed. (6) ‘Knowing that you ae studying physics, a CPR instructor seks youhow much Free it would take to side a 90-kg patient acoss a oor at constant speed by pulling on itm at an angle of 25° above che horizontal, By dragging some weights wrappod in an ol pair of pants dovn the hall with a spring balance, you ind that jy = 0.35. ‘Uso the result of part (a to answer the instructor's question. 39 + A Tange crate with mass m rests on a horizontal floor: Tho cooficients of ition between te erate and the oar ae a js ‘A-woman pushes downward a an angle @ below the horizontal oa the erate with a foree F(a) Whet magnitude of force F is required to keop the erate moving at constant velocity? (b) If jis greater ‘han some critical vale, the wornan cannot start the crate moving no ‘matter how hard she pushes. Calculate this critical value ofp 40 »» You throw a baseball straight up. Tho drag force is pro- portional tov In tens of g, what is the y-component of th bal’s ‘cceleraton when its spoed is hl its terminal speed and (a itis ‘moving up? (b) It is moving back down? 51 + (a) In Example 5.18 (Section 5.3), what value of D is required fo make 0, = 42 m/s for the skydiver? (b) If the sky- diver’sdanghler, whose mass is 45 kg, is falling through the air and has the same D (0.25 kg/m) as her father, what isthe daugh- tees teaminal speed? 5. Dynamics of Circular Motion (2). scat i Get ng tavls a constnt gure 5,48 Spee on he lai of track Ghat is a vertical cile with fadivs 500.m (ig. £542) I the nna fe exerted by de tele thea when iat the lp ofthe tack git 609 Nat the stra frce on th ear wen ita the boston of ti teck (pin A)? EAB A machine part con- sil of a thin 40.0-m-ong bar ih sal 115g mses fs tend by screws tt end The screws can support a maximum, fege of 750.8 without pling ou. This bar aes about an ais veipentiular totais cener 2 A the baribning aa constant "ate on horizontal, fstionles ouraee what isthe sna ‘speed the masses can have without pulling out the screws? (b) Suppose the machine is edeigned so tat he bar fms com tantra etal ire. Will one of th seem be nore ily tal xt when the mas atthe fp of the ele ox athe ot- tou? Uso a fee body dag to se why (0) Using the eal of Par (what ete pretest speed he sates can have without paling crew? BAK + A fst (onbanked) curve on «highway has @ rads of 2200 m. Acar rounds the curve ata speed of 25.0 m/s. (a) What it the minim coeficient of ction tbat wl prevent siding? (Suppose the highiay is ley andthe oneBient of fiction Yervean th tes and paves i nly one hid wet yu foun inp). Wat should eth maximum speedo he ct scan rund he cove sly? ‘SMB 9° A 1125-kg car and a 2250-kg pickup truck approach a curve on the expressway that has a rains of 25 m0) AL what angle shuld he highway engiee ban his cuve so hat vebiles taelng at 651 mh en sal oto it rogues ofthe cond fon of thir os? Should the onvy tuk go slower than th exorciees 167 lite cc? (As theca and track round the cre at find he al fore on ent one do tothe highway srice a) “Gn se aca an cs oe sal wih be of aon em auch is pet cod ig 5.46). Bach am ipo wet enced om cae 5.0 ong te wpe end of cable being tnd othe ea {point 30 mom th etal hf (Fad he ti of on ton of te wing if he ale sppoting et ines ange Of 304" the vera (Doss th ale depend on th weigh ofthe pega rasa oevolin? Powe E5468 5.87 s+ In another version of Figure B5.47 the “Giant Swing” (eee Exer- cise 5.46), the seatis connected to two cables as shown in Fig. 1B5.47, one of whichis horizon- tal, The seat swings in hor zontal circle ata rate of 32.0 rpm (rev/min), If the seat ‘weighs 255 N and an 825-N per son i siting in iti the ton sion in eoch cable 5.48 ++ A smal btton placed on a horizontal sotting plat form with diameter 0.320 m will evolve with the platform when itis brought upto espexd of| 400 rev/min, provided the batton is no mor than 0.150 m from the axis (@) What i the eoofcient of static ection betweon the button and the platform’? (6) How fur from the axis can the button be placed, withoat slipping, if he platform rotates a 60.0 rev/min? 549 +» Rotating Space ‘Stations. Onc problem for humans living in ote space is hat they are apparently weightless. One way rome this problem is to design a space station that spins about its ‘eziler at constant rte. This rats “artificial gravity" at the cuside rim of the sation. (2) Ifthe dsmeter ofthe space station is $00 m, hhow many revolution per mime are ncoded forthe “artificial grav- ity” accleaton tobe 9.80 m/s? (b) If the space sation isa waiting ea for trvelors gong to Mars, it might be desirable to simolate the accoleration doo to gravity onthe Martian surface (3,70 mys?) How ‘many revolutions per minut are needed in this ase? E50 + Tho Cosmoclock 21. Ferris whocl in Yokohama City, Japan, has « diameter of 100 m. Its name comes fom its 60 arms, ‘ach of which ean function as a second hand (30 that it makes one revolution every 60.0 5). (a) Find the speed of the passengers ‘when the Ferris wheel is rotating at this rate. (b) A passengercushion the inact on ter hip om a fall Expatiments have Somat if te spend at impact an be reed o 3 myo es teh wl usaly ne Face Let ws investige the wens ase sero in which a 554p person completely loses Het fooling Guach a ony pavement) and false stan of Lm, the ds tte fram he hip the round. Weshall ase ht the person's ‘Atte tay hs thse celeron, which neat, would not ‘Ste te te (With wat seed does he ip each the ron? yA ical hipped can rede the person's speed to 13 m/s: Seba dance of 20-en, Find the acca assumed to be ‘Sona ofthis person's hip wile she is slowing down and the fre the ped exerts oni (2) The force In part (0) very age To sre wheter tis ikey to case nary calculate how lor eats, Baa ve CALE A 300-xg bor tat is several bund eters Shove te nucic of the ear s spend fom he nd of short Sarcl ope onepliibe tans. Atime dependent upward ce is copied othe upp end ofthe ope, ands resls in eso in theme of 1¢) = (2603/s)e Theboxisatestate = O.Theoaly fren tbe bx the son in he rope ad gray. 2) Whats te vty of he ox ()F = 100g an is = 3.0057 O) What ithe mum dance tt th box dosed below sina po nt (Awa va of des thoes oil pio? Bd se EP'A's0.Kp bos ss srest he bt of ramp that is 800 ong and at is inclined at 200° above the briona ‘he coefelent of incl ein i jg = 040, andthe coef ett to is yg = 030, What constant ere F, ppd al ote sri fie ramp, is ete o pas he bon the topoftheramp ina ine of 4.0081 Sb ve "To bores conoced by ight hrizonal ope ae ona Tevzonal face, a8 shown in Higy PSS. The coeflent of Thee feon belween each box ad the surface i a = 0.0, pe box (box B) hus miss 500g, andthe oer box (x A) hs issn AforceF ith magitde40N ad reson 53 hve Seterzntt apple ino 3.0 bo, and th hares move to thigh with a= 1.50 m/e) Wat te tenon Tin he ope ht comes he boxes? 0) Whats the mass the sean 90"? Bb vr AGO -gbox sonra tats ned 7.0" shore Setercna, The coset of kine ton bern he ox snd Shera jy = 0.0. What horizontal fre sere to move te ‘box up the incline with a constant acceleration of 4.20 m/s*? BOT sp in Figs F534 bloc Aa ase mand Bock B Das ‘als 600 kg "The coffin of kinetic ton beoween Dock A td the tlt sg = O40 The mats ofthe ope connecting he bck ane neice. The pally sight a ene, When the syste isles from sth hanging block descends 3.00 3240s Ws eras al Dek tne 200Kg anda FOOPE-BB SBI", The entice of lnetcftion belveen the eck dhe ncn p= 049, What must be the mass ofthe hanging black it ist aeeead 120 min the Sit 300 sate th sytom's ‘lied fom es? 469 + O8 Rolling Friction. Two bicycle tires are set rolling ‘ith he se initial sped of 3.50 m/s ona ong ight 20a, fat the tance coh tela before ts ped ited by a immatures One tie is nfled tow pressure of 40 pei and goes 1 the oter ig at 15 pt and acs 929m. Whats the cot Sia of ling Scion for cach? Assume tha th et hazel forces det ling tion oly Problems 169 5.70 +> A Rope with Mass. A block with mass M is attached to the lower end of vertical, uniform rope with mass mr and length L ‘A constant upward foree Fis applied tothe top oF the rope, caus ing the rope and block to accelerate npward. Find the tension inthe rope at a distance + from the top end ofthe rope, where x can have. any value from Oto B.I1 ++ A block with mass is placed on an inclined plane with slope angle a and is connected toa second banging block with mass rma by a coed passing over a small, frictionless pulley (Fig, P56). ‘The coefient of static fetion is and the coefficient of kinetic fiction is wx. (8) Find the mass m for which btock mry moves Up the plane at constant speed once it is set in moti. (6) Find the ‘mass nt for which block my moves dows the plane et constant, speed once itis set in motion. (6) For what range of values of ma blocks remain af rest if they are released from rest? Block A in Fig. PS.72 weighs 60.0 N. The cooflicient of “Yale fretion betweon the block and the surface on which it resis i (0.25. The weight w is 12.0 N and the syetom isin equilibrinm, (@) Find tho friction fore exerted on block A. (b) Find the max ‘mum weight w for which the system will remain in equilibrium. Figure P5.72 5.78 +» Block A in Fig. P5.73 weighs 2.40 N and block B weighs 3.60 N. The coeficent of kinetic friction between all surfaces is (0.300, Find the magnitude of the horizoatal force # necessary to rag block B to the Jet at constant speed (@) if A rests on B and ‘moves with it (Fig. P5,73a), (0) IA isheld at rest (Fig, P5.731). Figure P5.73 © o 8.10 om Awinow visherpues Figure PE.74 bia sn beth pvr wi dew at conan speedy sping a fe as shown in ip 3.74 ‘The bath weighs 150 Nand he cocfclent of netic fiction i y= 0150, Calsite (the Imgalnde of the force # and () the normal force exerted by the window nthe bah S75 «(4d The Fiying. Leap of a lea, Highspeed motion pitts (3500 frames send) of 2 jumping 210g en yielded th dt plot tees acseles sion as funeion of time a172 CHAPTERS Applying Newtnn's Laws 4.00-kg block and the plane is 0.25; that between the 800g block and the plane is 0.35. (a) Calculate the acceleration of each block. (b) Calculate the tension in the string. (e) What hoppons i the positions of the blocks are eevecsed, so the 4,00-kg block is above. {he 8.00-Kg block? 6.99 «+ Block A, with woight Figure PS.99 '3y, sides down’ an inclined plane Sof slope angle 36.9" at constant speed while plank 3, with weight y, rests on top of A, The plank is attached by @ ‘ord tothe wall (Hig. P5.99, (a) Draw adiagram of all the forces acting on block A, (b) If the cocficient of kinetic fiction is the same between A and B and besween S and A, determine its value, 5.100 ++ Accelerometer, The system shown in Fig, P5.100 can, Do used to measure the acceleration of te system. An observer rid ing on the platform measures the angle 6 tht the thread supporting. the light ball makes with the vertical. There is na fiction any ‘where. (a) How is 9 related to the acceleration ofthe system’ (6) It ‘my = 250 kg and mz = 1250 kg, what is 0? (c) If you can vary ‘manu mea, what isthe largest angle 0 you could achicve? Explain how you need t adjust my aud ma to do this. Figure P5.400 Bat —do Horizontal surface AOL +++ Thanked Curve I. A carve with « 120m radins on a level road is banked atthe correct angle for a speed of 20 m/s. IF ‘an automobile rounds this curve st 30 m/s, what is the minimam coefficient of static fiction needed between tires and road 0 pre- vent skidding? B.AD2 ++ Tanked Curve HL Consider a wet roadway banked as 4 Example 5.22 (Section 5.4), whore there is a coefficient of stat fiction of 0:30 and a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.25 between the ties and the roadway. ‘The radius af the curve is ® = 50m. (4) If the banking angle is = 25°, what is the maxinurn speed ‘he automobile ca have before sliding up che banking? () What is ‘he rnin speed the antomabile can have before sliding down the Five BS.403 A100 «+ You ae riding in a school bus. As the bus rounds lt carve at constant speed, a Tuneh box with mass 0.500 kg, sus ‘panded from to ceiling ofthe bos by astring 1.80 ong, s Found to hang at est relative tothe bus when the string mekes an angle of 30.0" with the vertical. In this positon the lunch box is 500-m. from the canter of cuveture of the carve. Whet isthe speed v of the bus? §.105 + ‘The Monkey and Bananss Figuro P5,405 Problem. A 20kg) monkey has a firm hold on a light rope that passes cover a frictionless pulley and. is attached to a 20-kg bunch of bananas Fg. P5.105). The monkey looks up, sees the bananas, and stats to cla the ropo to got them. (a) As the monicey climbs, do the bananas move up, down, or remain at rest? (b) As the monkey climibs, does the distaace between the monkey and the bananas decrease, inerease, or remain constant? (@) The monkey releases her hold on the rope. ‘What happens tothe distance between the monkey andthe bananas while she is falling? (@ Before reaching. the round, the monkey grabs the rope to stop her fll. What do the bananas do? 5.105 ++ CALC You throw a rock downward into water with a speed of 3mg/t, where kis the eeffcieat in Bg (5). Assume that the relationship between fd resistance and speed iss given in ig. 65.7), an calculate the speed of the wok asa funetion of time, S107 oA rock with mass m= 3.0 kg falls from rest in a vis- cous medium, The rock is acted on by # net constant downward fore of 18.0 N (@ combination of gravity and the buoyant force exerted by the medium) and by a fluid resistance force f = ku, ‘where vis the sped in m/s and = 2.20 N -s/m (ee Section 5.3). (@) Fin the intial acceleration ap, (b) Find the accclecation when the speed is 3.00m/s. (€) Find the speed when the acceleration equals 01a, (2) Find the terminal speed». (6) Find the eoordi- nate, speed, anil acceleration 2.00 safer the start ofthe motion. (€) Find the time required to reach a speed of 0.90. 5.108 ++ GALE A rock with mass m slides with initial velocity vp con hoczontalsutace retarding force F tha the surface exets ‘on the rock is proportional t the square root of the instantaneous velocity ofthe mck (Fj = ku”), (a) Find expressions forthe ‘elocity and postion ofthe rock zs function of time. (0) in terms cof m, & and at what time: will the rock come to rest? (e) In terms of m, advo, what isthe distance ofthe rock from its start {ng point when itcomes to rest? 5.109 +++ You observe a 1350-kg sports car rolling along flat ‘pavement in straight Tne. The only horizontal foreeswetng on it rolling feition and sr resistance (propotional to the174 CHAPTER 5 Applying Neweon's Laws @) point A (ot the bottom of the vertical excl) and @) point B athe top of the vertical cirele)? Figure PS.120 CHALLENGE PROBLEMS 5421 s+ CALE Angle forMinimum Force. Abox with weight ‘wis pulled at constant speed along a level foor by a force F that is af an angle @ above the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic fric- tion between the floor and box isp. (2) In terms of B, Jy adv, calculate F.(b) For w = 400N and py, = 0.25, cleulae F for 0 ranging from 0° to 90° in increments of 10°, Graph F versus 8 (© From the general expression in part (a), cleulate the value of @ for which the value of F, required to maintain constant speed, isa ‘minimum. (Hag At a point where a fanetion is minimum, what are the frst and second decivatives of the fonction? Here F is @ function of 6.) For the special case of w = 400 N and jg = 0:25, ‘evaluate this optimal @ snd compare your result to the greph you. constructed in pat 0) 5.122 ++» Moving Wedge. A wedge with mass Mf seats ona fie tionless, horizontal tabletop. & block with mass m is placed on the wedge (Fig. PS.122s). There is no fiction between the block and hc wedge. The system is released from rest. (4) Calculate the acel- eration ofthe wedge and the horizontal and vertical eomponents of lhe acceleration of the Dock. (b) Do your smswers to part (a) rede to the comrect results when is very large (e) As seen by a station _aLy observer, what isthe shape ofthe trajectory ofthe block? Figure 5.122 w o 5.123 «++ A wedge with mass rests on «frictionless horizontal tabietop. A block with mass m is placed on the wedge and a hori ‘zontal force F is applied to the wedge (Fig. P5.122b). What must the magnitude of F be if the Block i to remsin at a constant height above the tabletop? 5.4124 «++ CALE Falling Baseball, You drop a baseball from the roof ofa tall building. As the ball falls, dhe air exerts a ding force proportional to the square of the hall's speed (f = Dv2), (a) In a ‘iggram, show the direction of motion and indicate, with the ad of vectors, all the forces acting on the ball. (6) Apply Newton's sec- ‘ond law and infer from the resulting equstion the generat proper- ties ofthe motion. () Show thatthe ball acquires a terminal speed that is as given in Bg, (5.13) (@) Derive the equation for the speed atany time. Wore: where ge tanh(s) = = he hyperbolic tangent) Double Atwood's Figure PS.125 In Fig. 5.125 masses my and my are con nected by alight sting A over a light, frictionless pulley 8. ‘The axle of pulley B is eon nected by a second light sting C over a second ight, fric- Uiontess pulley D 0 a’ mass my. Polley D is suspended from the ceiling by an attac- tment to its axle. The system is released from rest, In fous of mys may mg, and g, what ace (@) the acceleration of block ‘ms 0) the acceleration of pul ley B; (©) the acceleration of black mi; (the acceleration of block ma; (¢ the tension in string A; (0 the tension in sting C? (g) What do your exprossis give for the special ease of my = mg and my = m1; + ig? Is this sensible? 5.126 «+» The masses of blocks A and B in Fig, P5.126 Figure PS,126 are 20.0 kg and 10.0 kg, respectively. The blocks are Inally at est onthe floor and se connected by massless siting passing over « massless snd ftietontess pulley. An upward force F is applied to the pulley. Find the accelera tions dy of block A and ay of block B when F He (@) 124 Ny () 294; ©) 424, 5127 «++ A ball it held at ses at position in Fig, P5.127 by two light strings. The hoi- zontal string is cut and the ball stats swinging as a penduluun. Pint B isthe farthest to the right the ball goes as it swings back and forth, What i the ato of the tension inthe supporting string at position B to its value at A before the horizontal sling was cut? Figure PS.427