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    Early Development of A Human Zygote

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    Benay Çakaloğlu
    The zygote begins dividing by mitosis as it travels down the Fallopian tube. By the 5th day it has developed into a blastocyst containing an outer trophoblast layer and inner cell mass. The blastocyst implants in the uterus by the 7th day. Twins can occur through the splitting of a zygote into two embryos or the fertilization of two separate eggs. The placenta forms an interface between mother and fetus, allowing nutrient/waste exchange while keeping blood separate.

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    Early Development of A Human Zygote

    Uploaded by

    Benay Çakaloğlu
    22 views32 pages
    The zygote begins dividing by mitosis as it travels down the Fallopian tube. By the 5th day it has developed into a blastocyst containing an outer trophoblast layer and inner cell mass. The blastocyst implants in the uterus by the 7th day. Twins can occur through the splitting of a zygote into two embryos or the fertilization of two separate eggs. The placenta forms an interface between mother and fetus, allowing nutrient/waste exchange while keeping blood separate.

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    Early Development of a Human Zygote

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    The zygote begins dividing by mitosis as it travels down the Fallopian tube. By the 5th day it has developed into a blastocyst containing an outer trophoblast layer and inner cell mass. The blastocyst implants in the uterus by the 7th day. Twins can occur through the splitting of a zygote into two embryos or the fertilization of two separate eggs. The placenta forms an interface between mother and fetus, allowing nutrient/waste exchange while keeping blood separate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views32 pages

    Early Development of A Human Zygote

    Uploaded by

    Benay Çakaloğlu
    The zygote begins dividing by mitosis as it travels down the Fallopian tube. By the 5th day it has developed into a blastocyst containing an outer trophoblast layer and inner cell mass. The blastocyst implants in the uterus by the 7th day. Twins can occur through the splitting of a zygote into two embryos or the fertilization of two separate eggs. The placenta forms an interface between mother and fetus, allowing nutrient/waste exchange while keeping blood separate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 32

    REPRODUCTION &

    GROWTH
    4.3 Early Development of
    a Human Zygote
    Ovulation
    the release of ovum into the
    Fallopian tube
    1st sperm that reaches the ovum
    will penetrate it
    Fertilisation
    Occurs when the nucleus of the sperm
    that penetrates the mature ovum in the
    Fallopian tube fuses with the ovum
    nucleus
    Middle piece & the tail of the sperm are
    left outside
    Fertilisation
    Zygote forms fertilisation
    membrane around itself
    To prevent other sperms from
    penetrating it again
    Early Development of a
    Zygote
    36 hours
    after
    fertilization,
    zygote
    begins to
    divide
    repeatedly
    by mitosis
    as it travels
    along the
    Fallopian
    tube
    towards the
    uterus
    The first division forms a two-celled EMBRYO
    Further division result in the formation of a solid mass of cells known
    as a MORULA
    5th
    day,
    morula
    is a ball
    of
    about
    100
    cells
    known
    as
    blastoc
    yst
    Blastoc
    yst
    outer
    layer
    (tropho
    blast);
    inner
    cells
    (inner
    cell
    mass)
    Tropho
    blast
    develop
    into
    placent
    a
    Inner
    cell
    mass
    dev into
    embryo
    Implantation :
    7th day after fertilisation
    Blastocysts firmly
    embedded into
    endometrium
    The Formation of Twins
    Twins
    Two individuals born to the
    same mother at almost the same
    time after the same period of
    pregnancy

    Divided into 2 types:


    Identical (monozygotic twins)
    Fraternal (dizygotic twins)
    Identical Twins
    One ovum +
    one sperm =
    two foetuses
    Incomplete
    division produced
    Siamese twins
    Identical Twins
    Identical twins:
    Same sex
    Share one placenta
    Genetically identical
    Almost identical physical features
    Same blood group
    Conjoined Twins
    Non Identical Twins
    (Fraternal Twins)

    Two ova + two


    sperm = two
    fetuses
    Each with its own
    placenta
    Non Identical Twins
    (Fraternal Twins)
    Genetically different
    Same / different sex
    Different physical characteristics
    The functions of the
    placenta in foetal
    development
    Placenta
    Placenta
    Temporary organ of embryonic
    tissue origin
    Develop in the endometrium
    Forms a selective barrier
    between mothers blood & foetal
    blood
    Umbilical cord connects the
    foetus to the placenta
    Functions of Placenta
    Allows the attachment of the
    embryo or foetus to the mothers
    uterine wall
    Transport nutrients such as
    glucose, mineral salts, amino
    acids, vitamins, fatty acid &
    glycerol from the mothers blood
    to the blood of the foetus
    Functions of Placenta
    Removes excretory wastes
    from the blood of the foetus
    Transport hormones &
    antibodies from the mothers
    blood to the foetus
    Acts as an endocrine gland that
    secretes estrogen &
    progesterone
    UMBILICAL VEIN : UMBILICAL ARTERIES :
    Carries oxygenated blood from Carry deoxygenated blood from
    the placenta to the foetus the foetus to the placenta
    THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING
    SEPARATE FOETAL & MATERNAL
    CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
    The Advantages Of Having
    Separate Foetal & Maternal
    Circulatory System

    Prevents the mixing of blood


    groups of the mother and the
    foetus which may be
    incompatible
    Ensure that the fine blood vessels
    of the foetus do not burst as a
    result of high pressure caused
    by the flow of the mothers blood
    The Advantages Of Having
    Separate Foetal & Maternal
    Circulatory System

    Prevents certain harmful


    bacteria and their toxins from
    entering the foetus
    Prevents the action of chemicals
    in the mothers blood from
    harming the developing foetus

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