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:2000-2001 Solved Examples

4. Elevated Conduits

4. Elevated Conduits
(1)
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(i)

2m 0.3 m

1m

1m
7m

Sec. Elevation x-x

30

5m

6 10 /m` (U)
9 10 /m` (L)
x
6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (L)

5m x

5m

Plane

(ii) Acting load

Statical system in
conjunction with
the loads

Vertical Sec.
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

assume ts = 30 cm
- Walls:
the wall will be considered as
one way slab in vertical direction. w

p= h = 1 * 17 = 17 kN/m2 w 5

- Floor:
w ts wh
25 * 0.3 1 * 17 24.5 kN/m 2
5 * 0.76 4
r 1.25
4 * 0.76
r4
4 0.7 1 - 0.3 (Grashoff ' s coefficients)
r 1
w 0.7 * 24.5 17.15 kN/m 2 , w 0.3 * 24.5 7.4 kN/m 2

Straining Actions
* Vertical strip

17.2 kN/m`

17 kN/m` 17 kN/m`

8.2 8.2
+ 0.82 0.82
14.45 14.45
26.2

N. F. D B. M. D

* Section in Floor

7.4 kN/m`

5m 5m

18.5 18.5 18.5

18.5 18.5

B. M. D
Design of critical sections
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Consider fcu = 25 kN/cm2

St. 360/520 (1)

(3) (2)
(4)

Sec. (1)
water side section
M 8.2 kN.m
t 50 M 50 8.2 143.1 mm
take t s 300 mm
f ctr
f ct f ct (M)

6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
where, f ct ( M ) 2
2
0.546 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f ctr 0.6 f cu 0.6 25 3 N/mm 2
f ct ( N )
t v t [1 ] 300 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ctr 29.76
2.06 N/mm 2 f ct (o.k)
1.45

M u 1.5 * 8.2 12.3 kN.m

t 300 mm d 260 mm
12.3 * 10 6
d c1 c1 11.7
25 * 1000
J 0.826
use max 10mm cr 0.85
Mu 12.3 * 10 6
As 187 mm 2 1.87 cm 2
cr f y dJ 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s 6 10 /m`

Sec. (2)
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

M 8.2 kN.m & T 14.45 kN (water side section)

t 50 M 30 173 mm
take t s 300 mm
f ctr
f ct f ct ( N ) f ct (M)

T 14.45 * 1000
f ct ( N ) 0.048 kN/mm 2
Ac 300 * 1000
6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
f ct (M) 2
2
0.546 kN/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f ct 0.048 0.546 0.594 kN/mm 2
f ct ( N ) 0.048
t v t[1 ] 300[1 ] 326.3 mm
f ct ( M ) 0.547
f ctr
1.45 , f ctr 3 kN/mm 2 2.06

f ctr
f ct o.k

M u 1.5 * 8.2 12.3 kN.m & Tu 1.5 * 14.45 21.7 kN

Mu 12.3 t
e 0.57 m (big ecc.)
Tu 21.7 2
t
es e - cover 0.57 - 0.15 0.04 0.46 m
2
M us Tu e s 21.7 * 0.46 10 kN.m
M us 10 *10 6
d c1 260 c1 c1 13
f cu b 25 * 1000
J 0.826
use max 10 mm cr 0.85
M us Tu
As
cr f y dJ cr f y / s
10 *10 6 21.7 * 1000 * 1.15

0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826 0.85 * 360
234 mm
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s 0.2 A s use 6 10 /m`

Sec. (3)
M =26.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (air side section)
t = 300 mm & d = 260 mm
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

M u 1.5 * 26.2 39.3 kN.m & Tu 1.5 * 14.45 2.17 kN

Mu 39.3
e 1.81 m (big ecc.)
Tu 21.7
t
es e - cover 1.81 - 0.15 0.04 1.7 m
2
M us Tu e s 21.7 * 1.7 36.9 kN.m
M us 36.9 * 10 6
d c1 260 c1 c1 6.77
f cu b 25 * 1000
J 0.826
use max 10 mm
M us Tu
As
f y dJ f y / s
36.9 * 10 6 21.7 * 1000
200 mm 2
360 * 260 * 0.826 360/1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s 6 10 /m`

Sec. (4)

M 18.5 kN.m (water side section)

t 50 M 50 18.5 215 mm
take t 300 mm
f ctr
f ct f ct (M)

6M 6 * 18.5 * 10 6
f ct (M) 2
2
1.23 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f (N )
t v t[1 ct ] t 300 mm 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ctr
f ctr 0.6 f cu 3 N/mm 2 2.06 N/mm 2

f ctr
f ct o.k

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

M us 18.5 * 10 6 * 1.5
d c1 26 c1 c 1 7 .8
f cu b 25 * 1000
J 0.826
use max 10 mm cr 0.85
M us 1.5 * 18.5 * 10 6
As 422.3 mm 2
cr f y dJ 0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s 6 10 /m`

Design of wall as beam

o.w= bt = 25 *0.3 *2 = 15 kN/m`

wf = 24.5 kN/m2

2m

5m 5m 5m (r =1.25 , = 0.79 , = 0.6)

Load for shear:

w = o.w + wf x = 1.5+0.6*24.5*2 = 44.4 kN/m`

Load for moment

w = o.w + wf x = 1.5+0.79*2.45*2 = 5.37 t/m`
Leff= C.L-C.L= 5 m
= 1.05 ln= 1.05 *4.7 = 4.94 m
t/Leff = 200/494 = 0.405 > 0.4 (deep beam)

wl 2 53.7 * 5 2 wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
M ve 112 kN/m , M ve 134 kN/m`
12 12 10 10
For - ve moment
M u 1.5 * 134 201 kN.m , d 1900 mm
Mu 201 * 10 6
d c1 ,1900 c1 c1 11.6
f cu b 25 * 300
J 0.826
6
Mu 201 * 10
As 360 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 1900 * 0.826
use 3 16 for - ve & ve moment /m`

* Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions for deep beams
=0.5
Max. reaction of beam 2
= 1/3
R = 1.1 wl = 1.1 *44.4 *5 = 244 kN 2
c
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

a b
2
For beam
Sec. of beam = 300 * 1000
o.w = 25 *0.3*1= 8 kN/m`

Load for moment w = o.w + w x = 8+2*1/3 *24.5*2= 41 kN/m`

Load for shear w = o.w + w x = 8+2*1/2 *24.5*2= 57 kN/m`

M 41 * 2 2 / 2 82 kN.m
M u 1.5 M 123 kN.m
Mu 123 * 10 6
d c1 ,95 c1 c 1 7 .4
f cu b 25 * 300
J 0.826
Mu 123 * 10 6
As 440 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 950 * 0.826
use 3 16 , A`s 2 12

(iii) loads on columns

w

vl. Load = 2 [244 + 57 *2]=716 kN P

N = 716 *1.1 = 788 kN 1m

Wwind = 716 *5 = 5 kN/m`

P= 5 * 2 = 10 kN
M = 10*10 = 100 kN.m 8m

1m

Design of sec.
N = 788 kN
Nu = 1.5 *788 = 1182 kN

Design for N only

Nu = 0.35 Ac fcu +0.67 fy Asc
Nu = Ac [0.35 fcu + 0.67 fy ]
1182*1000= Ac [0.35*25+0.67*360*1/100]
Ac = 1059 cm2
Take column 300 *400 mm
To sustain the effect of buckling, take column 300 * 1000
He= k Ho = 2.2 *8 = 17.6 m
Consider unbraced column
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

H e 17.6
17.6 max o.k
t 1
10 (long column)
2
2 t 17.6 * 1000
155 mm
2000 2000
155
M add P 788 * 12.2 m.t
1000
M design M 2 M add , where M 2 is due to wind load
100 122 222 kN.m
N u 1182 kN , M u 1.5 * 222 333 kN.m
Mu 333
e 0.3 m
Nu 1182
e 0.3 M N
0.3 0.05 o.k + 300
t 1
1000

use interaction diagram for f y 3600, 1 , 0.8

Nu 1182 * 1000
k 0.16
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 1000
e Mu 333 * 10 6
k 0.04
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 1000
2

0.0
0.4
use min steel bt /side
100
0.4
* 300 * 1000 1200 mm 2
100
choose 6 16
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

3 16/m` 3 16/m`

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

Cross sec. Of column

16
12

12
16

12

12

10/m`

10/m`
6
2

2
6

30
6 10/m`

6
6 10/m`
100

Prob. (2)
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

40
4m

2m
60o
4m
4m
x x

4m
Sec. Elevation x-x

Plan

Loads
The floor and wall will be considered as way slab in the plane of the paper.
Assume t = 40 cm

Floor
wf = t s + w h
= 25 *0.4 + 10*2 = 30 kN/m2
Wall
ww = ts = 25 *0.4 = 10 kN/m2
P = w h = 20 kN/m2

Straining Actions
L

p p 2m
wf ww

4m
2.3 m
2m
60o
1.16

31.2 31.2
31.2 31.2
_ _
+ +
25.3 kN 25.3 kN
20 20
28.8
N. F. D B. M. D
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

23.1 kN

T= 23.1 kN sin 60 =20 kN

60o

60o 23.1 kN
water pressure
29.2 sin 60 o.w of wall + water weigh
25.3 kN = 1*23.1 +00.5*0.76*16 =29.2
kN

Design of critical sections

Sec. (1)

M 31.2 kN.m , T 20 kN (water side section) (3)

t 50 M 30 50 31.2 30 309 mm (2) (1)
take t 400 mm
f ctr
f ct f ct ( N) f ct (M)

T 20 * 1000
f ct (N) 0.5 N/mm 2
Ac 100 * 40
6M 6 * 312 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) 2
2
1.17 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 400
f ct 0.5 1.17 1.67 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) 0.5
t v t[1 ] 400[1 ] 570 mm , 1.65
f ct ( M ) 1.17
f ctr
f ctr 0.6 f cu 3 N/mm 2 1.82 N/mm 2

f ctr
f ct o.k

Mu 42 * 10 6
d c1 , 360 c1 c1 8.78
M u 1.5 *f31 .2 46.8 kN.m &
cu b 25T 1.5 * 20 30 kN
*u1000
M 46.8 t J 0.826
e u 1.56m (big ecc.)
Tu max 30
use 10 mm 2 cr 0.85
t M us Tu
se
es A - cover
2 cr f y dJ cr f y / s
1.56 - 0.2 42 0.04 1.40
* 10 6 m 30 * 1000

M us Tu0e.85 30 * 1.4 42 kN.m 5.74 mm 2
s * 360 * 360 * 0.826 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
choose 8 10 /m`
A`s 6 10 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (2)

M 288 kN.m & T 20 kN (air side section)

M u 1.5 * 288 43.2 m.t & Tu 1.5 * 20 30 kN
Mu 43.2 t
e 43.2 kN.m (big ecc.)
Tu 30 2
t
es e - cover 1.44 - 0.2 0.04 1.28 m
2
M us Tu e s 30 * 1.28 38.4 kN.m

M us 38.4 * 10 6
d c1 , 360 c1 c1 9.19
f cu b 25 * 1000
J 0.826
use max 10 mm cr 0.85
M us Tu
As
f y dJ fy / s
38.4 * 10 6 30 * 1000
455 mm 2
360 * 360 * 0.826 360 / 1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s 6 10 /m`

Sec. (3)
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

M 31.2 kN.m , N - 25.3 kN (water side section)

Big. Ecc. compression
t 50 M 30 249 mm take t 400 mm
f ct f ct (N) f ct (M)
- 25.3 * 1000
f ct (N) 0.063 kN/mm 2
1000 * 400
6M 6 * 31.2 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) 1.17 N/mm 2
bt 2 1000 * 400
2

f ct 0.063 1.17 1.107 N/mm 2

f ct ( N ) 0.063
t v t[1 ] 400[1 ] 421 mm , 1.6
f ct ( M ) 1.17
f ctr 0.6 f cu 3 N/mm 2
f ctr
1.86 N/mm 2 f ct (o.k)

M u 1.5 * 31.2 46.8 kN.m
N u -1.5 * 2.53 -38 kN
Use max 10 mm cr 0.85
cr f y 0.85 * 360 306 N/mm 2
Use strength interaction diagram for f y 2800 kg/cm 2 ,
0.8 , 1 A s A`s 8 10 /m` (same as for sec. 1)

* Design of wall as deep beam

Water weight
A
* Loads in the plan of the wall
- o.w of wall = b t sin =60o
Own
= 25 * 0.3 *2.31 sin 60 weight
= 15 kN/m`
- wt of water = w A sin
= 10 * *1.16 *2 sin 60
= 10 kN/m`
- Load from floor = wf *2 = 30* 2 = 60 kN/m`
wt = 15 +10 +60 = 85 kN/m`
85 kN/m`

4m 4m

ve wl 2 85 * 4 2
M max 113 .3 kN/m
12 12
ve wl 2 85 * 4 2
M max 136 kN/m
10 10
 8.5 t/m`

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks

:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Check of deep beam condition

Le ff C.L C.L 4m
1.05 L n 1.05 * 3.7 3.89 m
t 2.31
0.59 0.4 Deep beam
L e ff 3.89
for - ve moment t 2310 mm d 2200 mm
Mu
d c1
f cu b
1.5 * 136 * 10 6
2200 c1
25 * 300
C1 13.34 J 0.826
Mu 1.5 * 136 *10 6
As 312 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 2200 * 0.826
1.3 * 312 406 mm 2
11
A s min greater * 300 * 2200 2017 mm 2
Smaller 360
0.15/100 * 30 * 2200 990 mm 2
use A s 5 16 for both negative and positive momnts
Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions

(iii) Design of column

Load on each column
6.32
5.52

1.6
2m
0.4
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

concrete
1 6.32 4 5.52 3.6
* 4[( )*2 ( ) * 1.6] * 25
2 2 2
water
1 5.52 3.6
* 4[( ) * 1.6] * 10 295.9 3.6 m
2 2 4m
due to o.w of column Pcolumn 1.1 * 295.9 325.2 kN

Wind load

P = 1 * 2 * 4 = 8 kN p 2m
M = 8 * 8 = 64 kN
M/column = 64/2 = 32 kN.m

Design for N only

Nu = 1.5 * 325.5 = 488.3 kN 6m
Nu = [0.35 fcut + 0.67 fy ] Ac
488.3 * 1000 = [0.35 *25 + 0.67 *360 * 1/100] Ac
Ac = 43700 mm2 1m
Take sec. 300 * 500

unbraced column
H
e , H e k H o 1.6 * 7 11.2m
t
11.2 * 100
22.4 ( max 23)
50
take t 70 16 10 (long column)
2 t 16 2 * 700
89.6 mm
2000 2000
89.6
M add P. 325.5 * 29 kN.m
1000
M design 32 29 61 kN.m
M u 1.5 * 61 92 kN.m

* Design for M & N

Mu = 9.2 m.t
Nu = 48.83 t
30 cm

70 cm
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu 92
e 0.2m
Nu 488.3
e 0.2
0.3 0.05
t 0.7
use interaction diagram for f y 360 , 1 , 0.8
Nu 488.3 * 1000
k 0.093
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 700
e Mu 92 * 10 6
k 0.025 , o
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 700
2

0.4
use min. steel A s * 300 * 700 8400 mm 2 /side
100
use 5 16
12

16
12
16

5
2
5

Sec. in column 300 mm

700 mm

6 10/m` 8 10/m`
9 10
6 10 8 10/m`
40 cm 40 cm

3 16 3 16
6 10/m`
6 10/m`

Cross-section of tank
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

40
4m
8 10/m` 8 10/m` (U)
7 10/m` 7 10/m` (L)

10/m`(U)

10/m`(L)
10/m`
10/m`
4m

5
5

6
6
4m

Plan