Brasize

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Determiningthecorrectbrasize(alsoknownasbrassieremeasurementorbustsize)istheprocessmanufacturersengagein
todesignandmanufacturebrasthatcorrectlyfitamajorityofwomen,andforindividualwomen,theprocessofidentifyinga
correctlyfittingbra.[1]Brasizesusuallyconsistofoneormorelettersindicatingthebreastcupsizeandanumber,indicatinga
bandsizearoundthewoman'storso.Bracupsizeswereinventedin1932andbandsizesbecamepopularinthe1940s.

Theshape,size,position,symmetry,spacing,firmness,andamountofsaggingofindividualwomen'sbreastsvary
considerably.Manufacturers'brasizelabelingsystemsvaryfromcountrytocountrybecausenointernationalstandardsexist.
Evenwithinasinglecountry,onestudyfoundthatthebralabelsizewasconsistentlydifferentfromthemeasuredsize.[2]Asa
result,about25%ofwomenhaveadifficulttimefindingaproperlyfittedbra.[3]Somewomenchoosetobuycustommade
brasduetotheunusualsizeorshapeoftheirbust.

Contents
1 Measurementmethodorigins
Measuringforbrasize
1.1 Cupdesignorigins
1.2 Bandmeasurementorigins
1.3 Otherinnovations
2 Consumerfitting
2.1 Largerbreastsandbrafit
2.2 Badbrafitsymptoms
2.3 Obtainingbestfit
2.4 Confirmingbrafit
2.4.1 Brasizecalculator
3 Consumermeasurementdifficulties
3.1 Asymmetricalbreastscommon
3.2 Breastvolumevariation
3.3 Increasingbreastsize
4 Consumermeasurementmethods
4.1 Bandmeasurementmethods
4.1.1 Underbust+0
4.1.2 Underbust+4
4.1.3 Sizingchart
4.1.4 Abovethebreasts
4.2 Cupmeasurementmethods
4.3 Cupsizesvary
4.4 Measuringcupsizewithoutabra
4.5 Consumerfitresearch
5 Manufacturerdesignstandards
5.1 UK
5.2 Australia/NewZealand
5.3 UnitedStatesandCanada
5.4 ContinentalEurope
5.5 SouthKorea/Japan
5.6 France/Belgium/Spain
5.7 Italy
5.8 Advertisingandretailinfluence
5.9 Research
5.10 Calculatingcupvolumeandbreastweight
6 Seealso
7 Notes
8 References
9 Furtherreading

Measurementmethodorigins
ParisienneMadeleineGabeaureceivedaUnitedStatespatenton21November1911forabrassierewithsoftcupsandametalbandthatsupportedandseparatedthe
breasts.Toavoidtheprevailingfashionthatcreatedasingle"monobosom",herdesignprovided"thattheedgesofthematerialdmaybecarriedclosealongtheinner
andundercontoursofthebreasts,soastopreservetheirform,Iemployanoutliningbandofmetalbwhichisbenttoconformtothelowercurvesofthebreast."[4]

Cupdesignorigins

Theterm"cup"wasnotusedtodescribebrasuntil1916[5]whentwopatentswerefiled.[6]

InOctober1932,theS.H.CampandCompanywerethefirsttomeasurecupsizebythelettersofthealphabet,A,B,C,andD,thoughthelettersrepresentedhow
pendulousthebreastswereandnottheirvolume.Camp'sadvertisingintheFebruary1933issueofCorsetandUnderwearReviewfeaturedletterlabeledprofilesof
breasts.CupsizesAthroughDwerenotintendedtobeusedforlargerbreastedwomen.[7]

In1937,WarnerintroduceditsAlphabetBrawithfourcupsizes(A,B,CandD)toitsproductdescriptions.Beforelong,thesecupsizesgotnicknames:eggcup,tea
cup,coffeecupandchallengecup.[8]Twoothercompanies,ModelandFayMiss(renamedin1935astheBaliBrassiereCompany)followed,offeringA,B,CandD
cupsizesinthelate1930s.CatalogcompaniescontinuedtousethedesignationsSmall,MediumandLargethroughthe1940s.[9]BritaindidnotadopttheAmerican
cupsin1933,butresistedusingcupsizesforitsproductsuntil1948.TheSearsCompanyfinallyappliedcupsizestobrasinitscataloginthe1950s.[10]

Bandmeasurementorigins
Adjustablebandswereintroducedusingmultiplehookandeyeclosuresinthe1930s.Priortothewidespreaduseofbras,the
undergarmentofchoiceforWesternwomenwasacorset.Tohelpwomenmeettheperceivedidealfemalebodyshape,corset
andgirdlemanufacturersusedacalculationcalledhipspring,thedifferencebetweenwaistandhipmeasurement(usually10
12inches).[11]

ThebandmeasurementsystemwascreatedbyU.S.bramanufacturersjustafterWorldWarII.

Otherinnovations

Theunderwirewasfirstaddedtoastraplessbrain1937byAndr,acustombrafirm.[12]Patentsforunderwiretypedevices
inbraswereissuedin1931and1932,butwerenotwidelyadoptedbymanufacturersuntilafterWorldWarIIwhenmetal
shortageseased.[13]

Inthe1930s,Dunlopchemistswereabletoreliablytransformrubberlatexintoelasticthread.After1940,"whirlpool,"or
concentricstitchingwasusedtoshapethecupstructureofsomedesigns.[14]Themanmadefibreswerequicklyadoptedby
theindustrybecauseoftheireasycareproperties.Sinceabrassieremustbelaunderedfrequently,easycarefabricwasingreat
demand. This1932adbytheS.H.Camp
Companywasthefirsttodenotecup
Consumerfitting sizeandbandmeasurement

Pendulousbreastscanmakeitdifficultforapersontoproperlyfitabra.Forbestresults,thebreastsshouldbemeasured
twice:oncewhenstandingupright,oncebendingoveratthewaistwiththebreastshangingdown.Ifthedifferencebetween
thesetwomeasurementsismorethan10cm,thentheaverageischosenforcalculatingthecupsize.Anumberofreports,
surveysandstudiesindifferentcountrieshavefoundthatbetween80%to85%ofwomenwearincorrectlyfittedbras.[15]

InNovember2005,OprahWinfreyproducedashowdevotedtobrasandbrasizes,duringwhichshetalkedaboutresearch
thateightoutoftenwomenwearthewrongsizebra.[16]

Largerbreastsandbrafit

Whenpurchasingbras,largerbreastedwomenusuallyhavedifficultyselectingawellfittingbra.Buxomwomenaremore
likelythansmallerbreastedwomentowearanincorrectlysizedbra.Theytendtobuybrasthataretoosmall,whilesmaller
breastedwomentendtopurchasebrasthataretoolarge.[15]Studieshaverevealedthatthemostcommonmistakemadeby
womenwhenselectingabrawastochoosetoolargeabackbandandtoosmallacup,forexample,38Cinsteadof34E,or
34Binsteadof30D.[17][18]

Asbreastsbecomelarger,theirshapeandthedistributionoftissuewithinthemchanges.Thebreastsmaybecomeptotic.This Warner's1944advertisementforbra
makesmeasurementsincreasinglyunreliable.Theheavieraperson'sbuild,themoredifficultitistoobtainaccurate sizesAthroughD
measurements,asmeasuringtapesinksintothefleshmoreeasily.[19]

InastudyconductedintheUnitedKingdomof103womenseekingmammoplasty,researchersfoundastronglinkbetween
obesityandinaccuratebackmeasurement.Theyconcludedthat"obesity,breasthypertrophy,fashionandbrafittingpractices
combinetomakethosewomenwhomostneedsupportivebrastheleastlikelytogetaccuratelyfittedbras."[19]

Oneissuethatcomplicatesfindingacorrectlyfittingbraisthatbandandcupsizesarenotstandardized,butvaryconsiderably
fromonemanufacturertoanother,resultinginsizesthatonlyprovideanapproximatefit.[20][21]Womencannotrelyonlabeled
brasizestoidentifyabrathatfitsproperly.[22][23]Scientificstudiesshowthatthecurrentsystemofbrasizingmaybe
inaccurate.[24]
AwomanwearinganElle
Manufacturerscuttheirbrasdifferently,so,forexample,two34Bbrasfromtwocompaniesmaynotfitthesameperson.[25] Macphersonbrand30Ebra
Customersshouldpayattentiontowhichsizingsystemisusedbythemanufacturer.Themaindifferenceisinhowcupsizes demonstratescorrectbandfitwith
incorrectcupfit.Herbrabandis
increase,by2cmor1inch(=2.54cm,seebelow).SomeFrenchmanufacturersalsoincreasecupsizesby3cm.[26]Unlike
paralleltothegroundandherbreasts
dresssizes,manufacturersdonotagreeonasinglestandard.
donotspilloutunderherarm,but
BritishbrascurrentlyrangefromAtoLLcupsize(withRigby&PellerrecentlyintroducingbrasbyElilawhichgouptoUS sheexhibitsmajorspillingofher
breasttissueoverthetopofthecup.
NCup[27]),whilemostAmericanscanfindbraswithcupsizesrangingfromAtoG.Somebrands(Goddess,Elila)goashigh
asN,asizeroughlyequaltoaBritishJJCup.IncontinentalEurope,MilenaLingeriefromPolandproducesuptocupR.
Largersizesareusuallyhardertofindinretailoutlets.Asthecupsizeincreases,thelabeledcupsizeofdifferentmanufacturers'brastendtovarymorewidelyin
actualvolume.[23]Onestudyfoundthatthelabelsizewasconsistentlydifferentfromthemeasuredsize.[28]

Evenmedicalstudieshaveattestedtothedifficultyofgettingacorrectfit.[29]Researchbyplasticsurgeonshassuggestedthatbrasizeisimprecisebecausebreast
volumeisnotcalculatedaccurately:

Thecurrentpopularsystemofdeterminingbrasizeisinaccuratesooftenastobeuseless.Addtothisthemanydifferentstylesofbrasandthelackof
standardizationbetweenbrands,andonecanseewhyfindingacomfortable,wellfittingbraismoreamatterofeducatedguesswork,trial,anderrorthan
ofprecisemeasurements.[30]

Theuseofthecupsizingandbandmeasurementsystemshasevolvedovertimeandcontinuestochange.Expertsrecommendthatwomengetfittedbyan
experiencedperson[31]ataretailerofferingthewidestpossibleselectionofbrasizesandbrands.

Badbrafitsymptoms

Ifthestrapsdigintotheshoulder,leavingredmarksorcausingshoulderorneckpain,thebrabandisnotofferingenoughsupport.[32]Ifbreasttissueoverflowsthe
bottomofthebra,underthearmpit,oroverthetopedgeofthebracup,thecupsizeistoosmall.[32]Loosefabricinthebracupindicatesthecupsizeistoobig.[33]If
theunderwirespokethebreastunderthearmpitorifthebra'scenterpaneldoesnotlieflatagainstthesternum,[34]thecupsizeistoosmall.[32]Ifthebandridesup
thetorsoattheback,thebandsizeistoobig.Ifitdigsintotheflesh,causingthefleshtospillovertheedgesoftheband,thebandistoosmall.[32]Ifthebandfeels
tight,thismaybeduetothecupsbeingtoosmallinsteadofgoingupinbandsizeapersonshouldtrygoingupincupsize.Similarlyabandmightfeeltoolooseif
thecupistoobig.Itispossibletotestwhetherabrabandistootightortooloosebyreversingthebraonhertorsosothatthecupsareatthebackandthencheckfor
fitandcomfort.Generally,ifthewearermustcontinuallyadjustthebraorexperiencesgeneraldiscomfort,thebraisapoorfitandsheshouldgetanewfitting.[35]

Obtainingbestfit

Braexpertsrecommendthatwomen,especiallythosewhosecupsizesareDorlarger,getaprofessionalbrafittingfromthe
lingeriedepartmentofaclothingstoreoraspecialtylingeriestore.[31]However,evenprofessionalbrafittersindifferent
countriesincludingNewZealand[36]andtheUnitedKingdom[37][38]produceinconsistentmeasurementsofthesameperson.
Thereissignificantheterogeneityinbreastshape,density,andvolume.Assuch,currentmethodsofbrafittingmaybe
insufficientforthisrangeofchestmorphology.

A2004studybyConsumersReportsinNewZealandfoundthat80%ofdepartmentstorebrafittingsresultedinapoorfit.[39]
However,becausemanufacturer'sstandardswidelyvary,[40]womencannotrelyontheirownmeasurementstoobtaina
satisfactoryfit.Somebramanufacturersanddistributorsstatethattryingonandlearningtorecognizeaproperlyfittingbrais
thebestwaytodetermineacorrectbrasize,muchlikeshoes. Braextensionfortheband

Brafittersgenerallyagreethatacorrectlyfittingbrashouldmeetthefollowingcriteria:

Whenviewedfromtheside,theedgeofthechestbandshouldbehorizontal,shouldnotrideuptheback,andshouldbefirmbutcomfortable.
Eachcup'sunderwireatthefrontshouldlieflatagainstthesternum(notthebreast),alongtheinframammaryfold,andshouldnotdigintothechestorthe
breasts,ruborpokeoutatthefront.
Thebreastsshouldbeenclosedbythecupsandthereshouldbeasmoothlinewherethefabricatthetopofthecupends.
Theapexofthebreast,thenipple,mustbeinthecenterofthecup.
Thebreastshouldnotbulgeoverthetoporoutthesidesofthecups,evenwithalowcutstylesuchasthebalconettebra.
Thestrapsofacorrectlyfittedbrashouldnotdigintoorslipofftheshoulder,whichsuggestsatoolargeband.
Thebackofthebrashouldnotrideupandthechestbandshouldremainparalleltothefloorwhenviewedfromtheback.
Thebreastsshouldbesupportedprimarilybythebandaroundtheribcage,ratherthanbytheshoulderstraps.
Thewomanshouldbeabletobreatheandmoveeasilywithoutthebraslippingaround.

Confirmingbrafit

OnemethodtoconfirmthatthebraisthebestfithasbeennicknamedtheSwoopandScoop.Afteridentifyingawellfittingbra,thewomanbendsforward(the
swoop),allowingtheirbreaststofallintothebra,fillingthecupnaturally,andthenfasteningthebraontheoutermostsetofhooks.[41][42]Whenthewomanstands
up,sheusestheoppositehandtoplaceeachbreastgentlyintothecup(thescoop),andshethenrunsherindexfingeralongtheinsidetopedgeofthebracuptomake
sureherbreasttissuedoesnotspillovertheedges.[32][43]

Expertssuggestthatwomenchooseabrabandthatfitswellontheoutermosthooks.[41][42]Thisallowsthewearertousethetighterhooksonthebrastrapasit
stretchesduringitslifetimeofabouteightmonths.[42]Thebandshouldbetightenoughtosupportthebust,butthestrapsshouldnotprovidetheprimarysupport.[44]

Brasizecalculator

Therearemanyonlinebrasizecalculatortools,mostlyyouwillfindonlingeriewebsite.Butonemajorbrasizeproblemisthatitvariesaccordingtobrand.Soeven
ifyouknowthebrasizeofsomeparticularbrand,youshouldgetyourselfmeasuredifyou'rebuyingbrafromsomeotherbrand.

Consumermeasurementdifficulties
Abraisoneofthemostcomplicatedarticlesofclothingtomake.Atypicalbradesignhasbetween20and48parts,includingtheband,hooks,cups,lining,and
straps.Majorretailersplaceordersfrommanufacturersinbatchesof10,000.Ordersofthissizerequirealargescaleoperationtomanagethecutting,sewingand
packingrequired.[45]

Constructingaproperlyfittingbrassiereisdifficult.AdelleKirk,formerlyamanagerattheglobalKurtSalmonmanagementconsultingfirmthatspecializesinthe
apparelandretailbusinesses,saidthatmakingbrasiscomplex:

Brasareoneofthemostcomplexpiecesofapparel.Therearelotsofdifferentstyles,andeachstylehasadozendifferentsizes,andwithinthatthereare
alotofcolors.Furthermore,thereisalotofproductengineering.You'vegothooks,you'vegotstraps,thereareusuallytwopartstoeverycup,andeach
requiresaheavyamountofsewing.Itisverycomponentintensive.[46]

Asymmetricalbreastscommon

Obtainingthecorrectsizeiscomplicatedbythefactthatupto25%ofwomen'sbreastsdisplayapersistent,visiblebreastasymmetry,[47]whichisdefinedasdiffering
insizebyatleastonecupsize.Forabout5%to10%ofwomen,theirbreastsareseverelydifferent,withtheleftbreastbeinglargerin62%ofcases.[48]Minor
asymmetrymayberesolvedbywearingapaddedbra,butinseverecasesofdevelopmentalbreastdeformitycommonlycalled"Amazon'sSyndrome"by
physicians,mayrequirecorrectivesurgeryduetomorphologicalalterationscausedbyvariationsinshape,volume,positionofthebreastsrelativetothe
inframammaryfold,thepositionofthenippleareolacomplexonthechest,orboth.[49]

Breastvolumevariation

Obtainingthecorrectsizeisfurthercomplicatedbythefactthatthesizeandshapeofwomen'sbreastschange,iftheyexperiencemenstrualcycles,duringthe
cycle[15]andcanexperienceunusualorunexpectedlyrapidgrowthinsizeduetopregnancy,weightgainorloss,ormedicalconditions.Evenbreathingcan
substantiallyalterthemeasurements.[29]

Somewomen'sbreastscanchangeshapebyasmuchas20%permonth:
 "Breastschangeshapequiteconsistentlyonamonthtomonthbasis,buttheywillindividuallychangetheirvolumebyadifferentamount...Somegirls
willchangelessthan10%andothergirlscanchangebyasmuchas20%."Woulditbebetternottowearabraatallthen?"...Infactthereareveryfew
advantagesinwearingexistingbras.Havingabrathat'sgenerallysupportivewouldhavesignificantimprovementparticularlyintermsofstoppingthem
goingsouth...Theskiniswhatgivesthebreaststheirsupport"[50]

Increasingbreastsize

In2010,themostcommonbrasizesoldintheUKwas36D.[17][51]In2004,marketresearchcompanyMintelreportedthatbustsizesintheUnitedKingdomhad
increasedfrom1998to2004inyoungeraswellasolderconsumersandthattheshiftwasnotlimitedtooverweightwomen,[31]whileamorerecentstudyshowed
thatthemostoftensoldbrasizeintheUSin2008was36D.[52]

Researchersalsosaidmorewomenwearthecorrectbiggersizenow,spurredonbyshowslikeBBC1'sWhatNotToWearandChannel4'sHowToLookGood
Naked.[53]

Consumermeasurementmethods
Braretailersrecommendseveralmethodsformeasuringbandandcupsize.Thesearebasedontwoprimarymethods,eitherunderthebustoroverthebust,and
sometimesboth.Calculatingthecorrectbrabandsizeiscomplicatedbyavarietyoffactors.TheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitutestatesthatwhileavoluntary
consensusofsizesexists,thereismuchconfusiontothetruesizeofclothing.[40]Asaresult,brameasurementcanbeconsideredanartandascience.[1]Online
shoppingandinpersonbrashoppingexperiencesmaydifferbecauseonlinerecommendationsarebasedonaveragesandinpersonshoppingcanbecompletely
personalizedsotheshoppermayeasilytryonbandsizesaboveandbelowherbetweenmeasuredbandsize.Forthewomanwithalargecupsizeandabetweenband
size,theymayfindtheircupsizeisnotavailableinlocalstoressomayhavetoshoponlinewheremostlargecupsizesarereadilyavailableoncertainsites.Others
recommendroundingtothenearestwholenumber.[54]

Bandmeasurementmethods

Thereareseveralpossiblemethodsformeasuringthebust.

Underbust+0

Ameasuringtapeispulledaroundthetorsoattheinframammaryfold.Thetapeisthenpulledtightwhileremaininghorizontalandparalleltothefloor.The
measurementininchesisthenroundedtothenearestevennumberforthebandsize.[55][56]

Underbust+4

Thismethodbeginsthesamewayastheunderbust+0method,whereameasuringtapeispulledtightaroundthetorsounderthebustwhileremaininghorizontal.If
themeasurementiseven,4isaddedtocalculatethebandsize.Ifitisodd,5isadded.Kohlsusesthismethodforitsonlinefittingguide.[57]

Sizingchart

Currently,manylargeU.S.departmentstoresdeterminebandsizebystartingwiththemeasurementtakenunderneaththebustsimilartotheaforementioned
underbust+0andunderbust+4methods.Asizingchartorcalculatorthenusesthismeasurementtodeterminethebandsize.[58]Bandsizescalculatedusingthis
methodvarybetweenmanufacturers,althoughthebandsizesgenerallylieinbetweenbandsizesthatwouldresultfromtheunderbust+0methodandunderbust+4
method.

Abovethebreasts

Victoria'sSecretusesthismethod,whereameasuringtapeispulledaroundthetorsounderthearmpitandabovethebust.Becausebandsizesaremostcommonly
manufacturedinevennumbers,thewearermustroundtotheclosestevennumber.[59]

Cupmeasurementmethods

Brawearerscancalculatetheircupsizebyfindingthedifferencebetweentheirbustsizeandtheirbandsize.[58][60]Thebust
size,bustlinemeasure,oroverbustmeasureisthemeasurementaroundthetorsooverthefullestpartofthebreasts,withthe
crestofthebreasthalfwaybetweentheelbowandshoulder,[61]usuallyoverthenipples,[62]ideallywhilestandingstraight
witharmstothesideandwearingaproperlyfittedbra.[54]Thispracticeassumesthecurrentbrafitscorrectly.The
measurementsaremadeinthesameunitsasthebandsize,eitherinchesorcentimetres.Thecupsizeiscalculatedby
subtractingthebandsizefromtheoverthebustmeasurement.[63][64]

Cupsizesvary

Cupsizesvaryfromonecountrytoanother.Thelargerthecupsize,thebiggerthevariation.[65]

Overthebust/bandmeasurementdifferenceandcupsize[66][67]
Difference (inches) <1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 PictogramfortheEuropeanbrasize
Cupsize U.S. AA A B C D DD/E DDD/F DDDD/G H I J K L M N O 70BusingEN134021
Cupsize UK/Austr. AA A B C D DD E F FF G GG H HH J JJ K KK L

Surveysofbrasizestendtobeverydependentonthepopulationstudiedandhowitwasobtained.Forinstance,oneU.S.studyreportedthatthemostcommonsize
was34B,followedby34C,that63%weresize34and39%cupsizeB.However,thesurveysamplewasdrawnfrom103CaucasianstudentvolunteersataMidwest
U.S.universityaged1825,andexcludedpregnantandnursingwomen.[68]
BramakerTriumphconductedasurveyin2007todeterminethepercentageofwomenwearingfourcupsizes,andfoundthat57%ofBritishwomen,morethanany
othercountry,needaDcup.[69]

TriumphSurvey
Country D C B A
UK 57% 18% 19% 6%
Denmark 50% 19% 24% 7%
Netherlands 36% 27% 29% 8%
Belgium 28% 28% 35% 9%
France 26% 29% 38% 7%
Sweden 24% 30% 33% 14%
Greece 23% 28% 40% 9%
Switzerland 19% 24% 43% 14%
Austria 11% 27% 51% 10%
Italy 10% 21% 68% 1%

Measuringcupsizewithoutabra

Brawearerswhohavedifficultycalculatingacorrectcupsizemaybeabletofindacorrectfitusingamethodadoptedbyplasticsurgeons.Usingaflexibletape
measure,positionthetapeattheoutsideofthechest,underthearm,wherethebreasttissuebegins.[70]Measureacrossthefullestpartofthebreast,usuallyacrossthe
nipple,towherethebreasttissuestopsatthebreastbone.[71]Thismeasuringapproachassumesthatthebreastsarenotsolargeorpendulousthattheysag
significantly,[62]makingmeasuringacrossthefullnessofthebreastimpractical.Onlywomenwhosebreastsarefirmandsphericalcanmeasurewithoutabra.

Conversionofthemeasurementtocupsizeisasfollows:[71]

Measuringcupsize
Measurement
Cupsize
inch cm
7.0 17.8 A
7.5 19.1 A
8.0 20.3 B
8.5 21.6 B
9.0 22.9 C
9.5 24.1 C
10.0 25.4 D
10.5 26.7 D
11.0 27.9 DD

Thesecupmeasurementsareonlycorrectfora34inchbandbecausecupsizeisrelativetobandsize.Thevolumeofabrassierecupisthesamefor30D,32C,34B,
and36A,thoughtheshapeofeachcupmaybedifferent.Theserelatedbrasizesofthesamecupvolumearecalledsistersizes.Itissometimespossiblethattwo
adjacentsistersizeswillbothfitaperson,sincethecupvolumeisthesame,whilethebandsizecanbeadjustedtoasmalldegreebyusingthehookandeyefasteners
inthebraclasp.[72]

Consumerfitresearch

A2012studybyWhiteandScurrUniversityofPortsmouthcomparedmethodthatadds4tothebandsizeoverthebustmethodusedinmanyUnitedKingdom
lingerieshopswithandcomparedthattomeasurementsobtainedusingaprofessionalmethod.Thestudyreliedontheprofessionalbrafittingmethoddescribedby
McGheeandSteele(2010).[73]

Thestudyutilizedafivestepapproachtoobtainthebestfittingbrasizeforanindividual.Thestudymeasured45womenusingthetraditionalselectionmethodthat
adds4tothebandsizeoverthebustmethod.Womentriedbrasonuntiltheyobtainedthebestfitbasedonprofessionalbrafittingcriteria.Theresearchersfoundthat
76%ofwomenoverestimatedtheirbandand84%underestimatedtheircupsize.Whenwomenwearbraswithtoobigaband,breastsupportisreduced.Toosmalla
cupsizemaycauseskinirritation.Theynotedthat"illfittingbrasandinsufficientbreastsupportcanleadtothedevelopmentofmusculoskeletalpainandinhibit
womenparticipatinginphysicalactivity."Thestudyrecommendedthatwomenshouldbeeducatedaboutthecriteriaforfindingawellfittingbra.They
recommendedthatwomenmeasureundertheirbusttodeterminetheirbandsizeratherthanthetraditionaloverthebustmeasurementmethod.[74]

Manufacturerdesignstandards
Bralabelingsystemsusedaroundtheworldareattimesmisleadingandconfusing.Cupandbandsizesvaryaroundtheworld.[72]Incountriesthathaveadoptedthe
EuropeanEN13402dresssizestandard,thetorsoismeasuredincentimetresandroundedtothenearestmultipleof5cm.BrafittingexpertsintheUnitedKingdom
statethatmanywomenwhobuyofftherackwithoutprofessionalassistancewearuptotwosizestoosmall.[53]

ManufacturerFruitoftheLoomattemptedtosolvetheproblemoffindingawellfittingbraforasymmetricalbreastsbyintroducingPickYourPerfectBra,which
allowwomentochooseabrawithtwodifferentcupsizes,althoughitisonlyavailableinAthroughDcupsizes.[75]
 Approximate(band)sizeequivalentsbetweenvarioussystems
Underbust(cm) 5862 6367 6872 7377 7882 8387 8892 9397 98102 103107 108112 113117 118122 123127 128132 133142 143+
EU 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
FR,BE,ES 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155
IT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
US,UK(in) 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
AU,NZ 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
UKdress 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Thereareseveralsizingsystemsindifferentcountries.Mostusethechestcircumferencesmeasurementsystemandletteredcupsizes,buttherearesomesignificant
differences.Manybrasavailablecomeinonly36sizes.[31]

UK

TheUKusestheinchsystem,thismeansthatthedifferenceinchestcircumferencebetweenthecupsizesisalwaysoneinch,
or2.54cm.Thedifferencebetween2bandsizesis2inchesor5.08cm.

LeadingbrandsandmanufacturersincludingPanache,Bestform,Gossard,Freya,CurvyKate,BravissimoandFantasie,which
usetheBritishstandardbandsizes283032343638404244,andsoon.CupsizesaredesignatedbyAAABCDDDE
FFFGGGHHHJJJKKKL.[76]
TheseareequivalentUKcupvolumes
However,someclothingretailersandmailordercompanieshavetheirownhousebrandsanduseacustomsizingsystem.
MarksandSpencersusesAAABCDDDEFGGGHJ,leavingoutFFandHH.Asaresult,theirJCupisequaltoa
BritishstandardHcup.EvansandASDAsellbras(ASDAaspartoftheirGeorgeclothingrange)whosesizingrunsABCDDDEFGH.TheirHCupisroughly
equaltoaBritishstandardGcup.

SomeretailersreserveAAforyoungteens,anduseAAA[77][78][79]forladies.

Australia/NewZealand

AustraliaandNewZealanduseapermutationoftheBritishsystem.Cupsizesarethesame,butAustralia'sbrabandmeasurementsystemisbasedondresssizing
charts.[80]However,dresssizesandcutsarecalculatedforBandCcupsonly,sobasingthechoiceofbandsizeupondresssizeisnotanaccuratewaytogetthebra
size.Dependinguponaperson'sbuild,asize16mayweara16C(UK40C),a14DD,12Fora10G(UK34G)underneaththeirclothes,becauseallbrasizesare
madeforthesamechestcircumferenceofapprox.40inches.

UnitedStatesandCanada

BrasizingintheUnitedStatesandCanadaisverysimilartotheUnitedKingdom.Bandsizesusethesamedesignationininchesandthecupsalsoincreaseby1
inchsteps.However,somemanufacturersuseconflictingsizingmethods.SomelabelbrasbeyondaCcupasDDDDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEF,someuse
thevariation:D1,D2,D3,D4,D5.....butmanyusethefollowingsystem:A,B,C,D,DD,DDD,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O.andotherslabelthemliketheBritish
systemDDDEFFFComparingthelargercupsizesbetweendifferentmanufacturerscanbedifficult.

In2013,underwearmakerJockeyInternationalofferedanewwaytomeasurebraandcupsize.Itintroducedasystemwithtencupsizesperbandsizethatare
numberedandnotlettered,designatedas136,236etc.Thecompanydevelopedthesystemovereightyears,duringwhichtheyscannedandmeasuredthebreasts
andtorsosof800women.Researchersalsotrackedthewomen'suseoftheirbrasathome.[81]Toimplementthesystem,womenmustpurchaseasetofplasticcups
fromthecompanytofindtheirJockeycupsize.Someanalystswerecriticaloftherequirementtobuythemeasurementkit,sincewomenmustpayaboutUSD$20to
adoptJockey'sproprietarysystem,inadditiontothecostofthebrasthemselves.[81]

ContinentalEurope

InContinentalEuropethetorsoismeasuredincentimetresandroundedtothenearestmultiple
of5cm.Bandsizesrun65707580,increasinginstepsof5cm,similartotheEnglish Cupsize Bandsize
doubleinch.Apersonwithalooselymeasuredunderbustcircumferenceof7882cmshould Difference Underbust
Cup Bustsize Underbustsize
wearabandsize80. [cm] circumference
1012 AA cm FR/BE/ES EU IT
Thecuplabelsbeginwith"AA"foran111cmdifferencebetweenbustandunderbust
circumference,i.e.notbetweenbustcircumferenceandbandsizeasintheEnglishsystems. 1214 A 5862 75 60 0
Theyincreaseinstepsof2cm,insteadof2.5cmor1inch,andexceptfortheinitialcupsize 1416 B 6367 80 65 1 I
lettersareneitherdoublednorskipped.Inverylargecupsizesthiscausessmallercupsthan 1618 C 6872 85 70 2 II
theirEnglishcounterparts.
1820 D 7377 90 75 3 III
ThissystemhasbeenstandardizedintheEuropeandresssizestandardEN13402introducedin 2022 E 7882 95 80 4 IV,IIII
2006,butwasinuseinmanyEuropeancountriesbeforethatdate.
2224 F 8387 100 85 5 V
2426 G 8892 105 90 6 VI
2628 H 9397 110 95 7 VII
98102 115 100 8 VIII
103107 120 105 9 IX,VIIII
108112 125 110 10 X
SouthKorea/Japan

InSouthKoreaandJapanthetorsoismeasuredincentimetresandroundedtothenearestmultipleof5cm.Bandsizesrun65707580,increasinginstepsof
5cm,similartotheEnglishdoubleinch.Apersonwithalooselymeasuredunderbustcircumferenceof7882cmshouldwearabandsize80.

Thecuplabelsbeginwith"AAA"foran51.25cmdifferencebetweenbustandunderbustcircumference,i.e.similarbustcircumferenceandbandsizeasinthe
Englishsystems.Theyincreaseinstepsof2.5cm,andexceptfortheinitialcupsizelettersareneitherdoublednorskipped.

JapanesesizesarethesameasKoreanones,butthecuplabelsbeginwith"AA"fora7.51.25cmdifferenceandusuallyprecedesthebustdesignation,i.e."B75"
insteadof"75B".

ThissystemhasbeenstandardizedintheKoreadresssizestandardKSK9404introducedin1999andinJapandresssizestandardJISL4006introducedin1998.

France/Belgium/Spain

TheFrenchandSpanishsystemisapermutationoftheContinentalEuropeansizingsystem.Whilecupsizesarethesame,bandsizesareexactly15cmlargerthan
theEuropeanbandsize.

Italy

TheItalianbandsizeusessmallconsecutiveintegersinsteadoftheunderbustcircumferenceroundedtothenearestmultipleof5cm.Sinceitstartswithsize0for
Europeansize60,theconversionconsistsofadivisionby5andthenasubtractionof12.ThesizedesignationsareoftengiveninRomannumerals.

Cupsizeshavetraditionallyusedastepsizeof2.5cm,whichisclosetotheEnglishinchof2.54cm,andfeaturedsomedoublelettersforlargecups,butinrecent
yearssomeItalianmanufacturershaveswitchedovertotheEuropean2cmsystem.

HereisaconversiontableforbrasizesinItalywithrespectothercountries:

Italy I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Europe 65cm 70cm 75cm 80cm 85cm 90cm 95cm 100cm
UK&USA 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
France&Spain 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

Advertisingandretailinfluence

Manufacturers'marketingandadvertisingoftenappealstofashionandimageoverfit,comfort,andfunction.[29][82]Sinceabout1994,manufacturershaverefocused
theiradvertising,movingfromadvertisingfunctionalbrassieresthatemphasizesupportandfoundation,tosellinglingeriethatemphasizefashionwhilesacrificing
basicfitandfunction,likeliningsunderscratchylace.[83]

Womenwithlargerbreasts(cupsizegreaterthanD)canhaveadifficulttimefindingacorrectlysizedbrabecausemanystoresdonotofferasufficientrangeofbras
ingreatersizes.Manysalespeoplearenottrainedinhowtoproperlyfitabra,andwhenthecustomercannotfindwhattheywant,willsellthecustomerthenext
largestorsmallestsize.[25]Somesalespeoplemeasurecustomersovertheirshirtandbra,addingerrorstoeverymeasurement.ElisabethSquires,anauthorofa
breasthealthandbraguide,says"Mostreallygoodfitterswilltellyouthisisanart,notascience."[84]

Research

EnglishmechanicalengineerandprofessorJohnTyrerfromLoughboroughUniversitytackledtheproblemofbradesignafterhiswifereturneddisheartenedfroma
shoppingtripwhenshecouldnotfindanythingtosuitherneeds.[85]OnassignmentfromtheBritishgovernment,[86]heuncoveredthat80%ofwomenwearthe
wrongsizeofbra.Hereportedthatwomenaremeasuringtheirchestdiameterandmaximumbreastdiameterratherthantheirbreastvolume,especiallywhenthe
bodyisinmotion.AccordingtoTyrer,"togetthemostsupportiveandfittedbrait'sinfinitelybetterifyouknowthevolumeofthebreastandthesizeofthe
back.".[85]HesaystheA,B,C,Dcupmeasurementsystemisflawed."It'slikemeasuringamotorcarbythediameterofthegascap.""Thewholedesignis
fundamentallyflawed.It'saninstrumentoftorture."[86]Tyrerhasdevelopedabradesignwithcrossedstrapsintheback.Theseusetheweightofonebreasttoliftthe
otherusingcounterbalance.Standarddesignsconstrictchestmovementduringbreathing.OneofthetoolsusedinthedevelopmentofTyrer'sdesignhasbeena
projectivedifferentialshapebodyanalyzerfor40,000GBP.

Contrarytopopularbelief,breastsweighupto~1kgandnot~0.2..0.3kg.[85][87][88][89]Tyrersaid,"Bymeasuringthediameterofthechestandbreastscurrent
measurementsaresupposedtotellyousomethingaboutthesizeandvolumeofeachbreast,butinfactitdoesn't".[85]Bracompaniesremainreluctanttomanufacture
Tyrer'sprototype,[86]whichisafrontclosingbrawithmoreverticalorientationandadjustablecups.[86]

Calculatingcupvolumeandbreastweight

Theaveragebreastweighsabout0.5kilograms(1.1lb).[90]Eachbreastcontributestoabout45%ofthebodyfat.Thedensityoffattytissueismoreorlessequalto
0.9kg/lforallwomen.
Ifacupisahemisphere,itsvolumeVisgivenbythefollowingformula:[91]

whereristheradiusofthecup,andDisitsdiameter.

Ifthecupisanhemiellipsoid,itsvolumeisgivenbytheformula:

wherea,bandcarethethreesemiaxesofthehemiellipsoid,andcwcdandwlarerespectivelythecupwidth,thecupdepthandthelengthofthewire.

Cupsgiveahemisphericalshapetobreastsandunderwiresgiveshapetocups.Sothecurvatureradiusoftheunderwireisthekeyparametertodeterminevolume
andweightofthebreast.Thesameunderwiresareusedforthecupsofsizes36A,34B,32C,30Detc....sothosecupshavethesamevolume.Thereferencenumbers
ofunderwiresizesarebasedonaBcupbra,[92]forexampleunderwiresize32isfor32Bcup(and34A,30C...).Anunderwiresize30widthhasacurvaturediameter
of3inch5/69.7cmandthisdiameterincreasesbyinch0.847cmbysize.[92]Thetablebelowshowsvolumecalculationsforsomecupsthatcanbefoundina
readytowearlargesizeshop.[93]

Underwire Cup Weightofboth

Brasize(USsystem) Brasize(UKsystem) Volumeofonecup
size diameter[92] breasts

30 32A30B28C 32A30B28C
9.7cm(3in 240cm3 0.43kg(0.95lb)
5/6) (0.51USpt)

32 34A32B30C28D 34A32B30C28D
10.6cm(4in 310cm3 0.56kg(1.2lb)
1/6) (0.66USpt)

34 36A34B32C30D28E 36A34B32C30D28DD
11.4cm(4in 390cm3 0.70kg(1.5lb)
1/2) (0.82USpt)
12.3cm(4in
36 38A36B34C32D30E28F 38A36B34C32D30DD28E
5/6) 480cm3(1.0USpt) 0.86kg(1.9lb)

13.1cm(5in
38 40A38B36C34D32E30F28G 40A38B36C34D32DD30E28F
1/6) 590cm3(1.2USpt) 1.1kg(2.4lb)

14.0cm(5in
40 42A40B38C36D34E32F30G28H 42A40B38C36D34DD32E30F28FF 710cm3(1.5USpt) 1.3kg(2.9lb)
1/2)
44A42B40C38D36E34F32G30H 14.8cm(5in
42
28I
44A42B40C38D36DD34E32F30FF28G
5/6) 850cm3(1.8USpt) 1.5kg(3.3lb)

44
44B42C40D38E36F34G32H30I 44B42C40D38DD36E34F32FF30G 15.7cm(6in 1,000cm3 1.8kg(4.0lb)
28J 28GG 1/6) (2.1USpt)

46
44C42D40E38F36G34H32I30J 44C42D40DD38E36F34FF32G30GG 16.5cm(6in 1,180cm3 2.1kg(4.6lb)
28K 28H 1/2) (2.5USpt)

48
44D42E40F38G36H34I32J30K 44D42DD40E38F36FF34G32GG30H 17.4cm(6in 1,370cm3 2.5kg(5.5lb)
28L 28HH 5/6) (2.9USpt)

50
44E42F40G38H36I34J32K30L 44DD42E40F38FF36G34GG32H30HH 18.2cm(7in 1,580cm3 2.8kg(6.2lb)
28M 28J 1/6) (3.3USpt)

52
44F42G40H38I36J34K32L30M 44E42F40FF38G36GG34H32HH30J 19.0cm(7in 1,810cm3 3.3kg(7.3lb)
28N 28JJ 1/2) (3.8USpt)

54
44G42H40I38J36K34L32M30N 44F42FF40G38GG36H34HH32J30JJ 19.9cm(7in 2,060cm3 3.7kg(8.2lb)
28O 28K 5/6) (4.4USpt)

56
44H42I40J38K36L34M32N30O 44FF42G40GG38H36HH34J32JJ30K 20.7cm(8in 2,340cm3 4.2kg(9.3lb)
28P 28KK 1/6) (4.9USpt)

58 44I42J40K38L36M34N32O30P 44G42GG40H38HH36J34JJ32K30KK
21.6cm(8in 2,640cm3 4.8kg(11lb)
1/2) (5.6USpt)

60 44J42K40L38M36N34O32P 44GG42H40HH38J36JJ34K32KK
22.4cm(8in 3,000cm3 5.3kg(12lb)
5/6) (6.3USpt)

Seealso
Brassieredesigns
Historyofbrassieres
Wonderbra
Underwirebra
Cuplessbra
Nursingbra

Notes
1."FindYourBraSize".BareWebInc.Retrieved30January2011. 2.Pechter1998.
 3."Whymostwomenwearwrongbrasize".Cupmysize.com.Retrieved30September 48.Loskenetal.2005.
2016. 49.Aracoetal.2006Wieslander1999.
4.USpatent1009297(https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= 50.Ghost,Sarah(14November2007)."SupportAct"(RealAudioMedia).BBC.Retrieved
US1009297),MadeleineGabeau,"BreastSupporters",issued1909November21 16May2011.
5.FarrellBeck&Gau2002. 51."Areyouwearingtherightbrasize?".
6.USpatent1115674(https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= 52.Holson,LauraM.(8April2009)."YourBraSize:TheTruthMay(Pleasantly)
US1115674),MaryPhelpsJacob,"Brassire",issued1914November14 SurpriseYou".NewYorkTimes.Retrieved20090911.
7.Apsan2006,p.186. 53.Rae,Charles(2October2008)."BritishBoobsupfortheCup".London:TheSun.
8.Eisenberg&Eisenberg2012. Retrieved26April2010.
9.Apsan2006,p.186FarrellBeck&Gau2002Steele2010,p.101. 54."BraFittingGuide".Clovia.com.Retrieved31March2016.
10.Fields2007,p.102. 55."FindYourBraSize".BareNecessities.Retrieved12March2011.
11."Spirella,HealthandtheOlderWoman". 56."HowtoMeasureBraSize".Women'sHealthMagazine(online).Archivedfromthe
12."HistoryofFashioninAmericaTimelineofImportantDates".Retrieved22January originalon25February2011.Retrieved12March2011.
2011. 57."BraFitting:FreeProfessionalBraFittingInYourArea".
13.Edmark,Tomima."BraStyles:ExpertBraFittingAdvice".HerRoom.com. 58."CalculateYourBraSize".MBSC.Retrieved1May2014.
14."Brassiere".ClothingandFashionEncyclopedia.Retrieved19January2011. 59."HowtoMeasureYourBraSizeatVictoria'sSecret".
15.Wood,Cameron&Fitzgerald2008. 60."FindYourBraSize".BareNecessities.com.Retrieved24April2010.
16."OprahWinfrey:Oprah'sBraandSwimsuitIntervention".20May2005. 61.TomimaEdmark.HowtoMeasureforBra.HerRoom.com.Retrieved23January
17.Lantin,Barbara(14April2003)."AWeightoffmyshoulders".TheDaily 2011.
Telegraph.London.Retrieved4January2011. 62."MeasuringBreastsForProperBraSiz".femaleontop.com.Retrieved20100528.
18."BravissimosizesupstaffRoyalFreeHampstead". 63."BraSizeChart".DimensionsGuide.com.Retrieved28April2010.
19.Greenbaumetal.2003. 64."BreastSizeChart".DimensionsGuide.com.Retrieved28April2010.
20."TopFiveBraSizingMyths".Knickers:Thelingerieblog.Retrieved29April 65."Frederick'sofHollywoodBraSizeConversionChart".Frederick'sof
2010. Hollywood.Retrieved28April2010.
21."EverythingYouNeedtoKnowAboutBraFitting".HerRoom.com.Retrieved 66."HerRoomsizingchart".HerRoom.com.Retrieved22September2012.
20100528. 67."Brafittinghowtofindyourrightbrasize?".007b.com.Retrieved30June2016.
22."CupSizeChart".TheWizardofBras.Retrieved28April2010. 68.Chen,LaBat&Bye2010.
23."TheProperMeasuringTechniquesforPlusSizeWomen".HerRoom.com. 69."Britgirls'boobsarethebiggest".London:TheSun.13February2007.Archived
Retrieved20100528. fromtheoriginalon20September2014.Retrieved30January2011.
24.Zhenga,Yu&Fan2007. 70."Brasizingandfittingprocedure".LaurenSilva.
25.Diana,Mario."Abrathat'salittleoffcancausebigproblems".Retrieved 71.FrederickR.Jelovsek."BreastAsymmetryWhenDoesItNeedTreatment?".
19January2011. Retrieved2June2010.
26."AllesberverschiedeneGrensysteme". 72."Figleaves.comfittingroom".
27.Roberts,Hannah(1April2011)."IntroducingBritish48Ncupbra".London: 73.McGhee&Steele2010.
Dailymail.co.uk.Retrieved26July2012. 74.White&Scurr2012.
28.Greenbaumetal.2003Pechter1998. 75."PickYourPerfectPairBras:LearnAboutPickYourPerfectPairBras".Retrieved
29.McGhee&Steele2006. 30January2011.
30.Pechter1998Ringbergetal.2006. 76."HowToProperlyMeasureYourBraSize".RetrievedMay13,2016.
31.King,Stephanie(2June2005)."AShortHistoryofLingerie:DoreentheBraThat 77."3234363840AAABrasandSmallLingerieatLittleWomen.".Retrieved2June
ConqueredtheWorld".London:TheIndependent. 2013.
32."LingerieBraFittingVideo".Fantasie.Retrieved28January2011. 78."ExclusivecollectionofsmallbrasACupBras,AACupBras,AAACupBras
33.Schurman,Aysha."SignsoftheWrongBraSize".Life123.Retrieved26June andalsoAAAACupBras".daintylady.co.uk.Retrieved29June2016.
2010. 79."PetiteLingerieandSmallBraSizesAAA,AAandACupBras".lulalu.com.
34."BraFittingGuide".BelladonnaEyes.Retrieved26June2010. Retrieved29June2016.
35."BrafittingtipsfromtheGermanbrafittingforumwww.busenfreundinnen.net". 80."AllesberverschiedeneGrensysteme".Busenfreundinnen.
www.busenfreundinnen.net.Retrieved11February2011. 81.Clifford,Stephanie(May31,2013)."ANewStepinWrestlingWiththeBra".The
36."BrafittingServices". NewYorkTimes.RetrievedMay31,2013.
37."BBCRadio4Woman'sHourBras". 82."BrasandPants".MintelInternationalGroupLtd.2005.
38."TheGreatBraFittingFiasco".DailyMail.London.9August2005. 83.Seigel,Jessica(13February2004)."TheCupsRunnethOver".NewYork:New
39."Which?ReportBrafittingservices".1September2004. YorkTimes.Retrieved26April2010.
40." "What'sMySize?"StatusReportonU.S.ClothingSizeStandardsandaGlimpse 84.Hodges,Jane(29November2007)."FindingaGoodFitFortheFemaleForm".
oftheInternationalScene".NewYork.July24,2002. WallStreetJournal.Retrieved22January2011.
41.Bailly,Jenny."The4BiggestBraShoppingMistakes".Retrieved14September 85."SupportAct".LeicesterFeatures.BBC.14November2007.
2015. 86."JessicaSeigel.Bentoutofshape:Whyisitsohardtofindtheperfectbra?".
42."10BraMistakesYou'reProbablyMaking(AndHowToFixThem)".August5, LifetimeMagazine.MayJune2003.
2013.Retrieved14September2015. 87."Ididn'tknowthat",episode24.NationalGeographicTV.
43."SwoopandScoop".Freya.Retrieved28January2011. 88."IDidn'tKnowThat,episode24".
44."BraSizeGuide".LacyHint.Retrieved23July2015. 89."FestivalProgramme,BrastoBridgesorWhyBrasDon'tWork".Loughborough
45.Watson,Noshua."MASHoldings:StrategicCorporateSocialResponsibilityinthe UniversityFacultyofScience.
ApparelIndustry"(PDF).INSEAD.Retrieved1July2015. 90.Katchetal.1980.
46.Moberg,MatthewSiskin,JonathanStern,BarryWu,Ru(1999)."SaraLee: 91.Nanas,Edward(February1964)."Brassieres:AnEngineeringMiracle".Science
Wonderbra".UniversityofMichiganBusinessSchool.Retrieved29November andMechanics.Retrieved17April2010.
2012. 92.McCunn,Don."UnderwireCharts"(PDF).DesignEnterprisesofSanFrancisco.
47."BreastDevelopment".MassachusettsHospitalforChildren.Archivedfromthe 93."Plussize"Trusiz"Chart".Retrieved20120720.
originalon7August2009.Retrieved2June2010.

References
Apsan,Rebecca(2006).TheLingerieHandbook.NewYork:WorkmanPublishing Katch,VictorL.Campaigne,BarbaraFreedson,PattySady,StanleyKatch,Frank
Company.ISBN9780761143239. I.Behnke,AlbertR.(1980)."ContributionofBreastVolumeandWeightto
Araco,A.Gravante,G.Araco,F.Gentile,P.Castr,F.Delogu,D.Filingeri,V. BodyFatDistributioninFemales".AmericanJournalofPhysical
Cervelli,V.(2006)."BreastAsymmetries:ABriefReviewandOur Anthropology.53(1):93100.doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330530113.
Experience".AestheticPlasticSurgery.30(3):309319. PMID7416252.
doi:10.1007/s002660050178x. Losken,AlbertFishman,InessaDenson,DonaldD.Moyer,HunterR.Carlson,
Chen,ChinManLaBat,KarenBye,Elizabeth(2010)."PhysicalCharacteristics GrantW.(2005)."AnObjectiveEvaluationofBreastSymmetryandShape
RelatedtoBraFit".Ergonomics.53(4):51424. DifferencesUsing3DimensionalImages".AnnalsofPlasticSurgery.55
doi:10.1080/00140130903490684.PMID20309747. (6):571575.doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000185459.49434.5f.PMID16327452.
Eisenberg,TedEisenberg,JoyneK.(2012).TheScooponBreasts:APlastic McGhee,DeirdreE.Steele,JulieR.(2006)."HowdoRespiratoryStateand
SurgeonBuststheMyths.Philadelphia,Pennsylvania:IncompraPress. MeasurementMethodaffectBraSizeCalculations?".BritishJournalof
ISBN9780985724900. SportsMedicine.40(12):970974.doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.025171.
FarrellBeck,JaneGau,Colleen(2002).Uplift:TheBrainAmerica.Philadelphia: PMC2577461 .PMID17021004.
UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress.ISBN9780812218350. (2010)."OptimisingBreastSupportinFemalePatientsthrough
Fields,Jill(2007).AnIntimateAffair:Women,Lingerie,andSexuality.Berkeley: CorrectBraFit:ACrosssectionalStudy".JournalofScienceandMedicine
UniversityofCaliforniaPress.ISBN9780520223691. inSport.13(6):568572.doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.003.
Greenbaum,A.R.Heslop,T.Morris,J.Dunn,K.W.(2003)."AnInvestigationof PMID20451452.
theSuitabilityofBraFitinWomenReferredforReductionMammaplasty". Pechter,EdwardA.(1998)."ANewMethodforDeterminingBraSizeandPredicting
BritishJournalofPlasticSurgery.56(3):230236.doi:10.1016/S0007 PostaugmentationBreastSize".PlasticReconstructionSurgery.102(4):
1226(03)00122X.PMID12859918. 12591265.doi:10.1097/0000653419980904000056.PMID9734454.
 DeformityisaSeriousHandicap:AnImportantIndicationforBreast
Ringberg,AnitaBgeman,ErikaRose,CarstenIngvar,ChristianJernstrm, ReconstructionwithSiliconeImplants](PDF).Lakartidningen(inSwedish).
Helena(2006)."OfCupandBraSize:ReplytoProspectiveStudyofBreast 96(14):17031705,17081710.ISSN16527518.PMID10222685.
SizeandPremenopausalBreastCancerIncidence".InternationalJournalof Retrieved27July2016.
Cancer.119(9):22422243.doi:10.1002/ijc.22104.PMID16841335. Wood,KatherineCameron,MelainieFitzgerald,Kylie(2008)."BreastSize,BraFit
Steele,Valerie(2010).TheBergCompaniontoFashion.Oxford,England:Berg andThoracicPaininYoungWomen:ACorrelationalStudy".Chiropractic&
Publishers.ISBN9781847885920. Osteopathy.16:1.doi:10.1186/17461340161.PMC2275741 .
White,J.Scurr,J.(2012)."EvaluationofProfessionalBraFittingCriteriaforBra PMID18339205.
SelectionandFittingintheUK".Ergonomics.55(6):704711. Zhenga,RongYu,WinnieFan,Jintu(2007)."DevelopmentofaNewChineseBra
doi:10.1080/00140139.2011.647096. SizingSystemBasedonBreastAnthropometricMeasurements".
Wieslander,J.B.(1999)."Medfddbrstdeformitetallvarligthandikapp:Viktig InternationalJournalofIndustrialErgonomics.37(8):697705.
indikationfrbrstrekonstruktionmedsilikonimplantat"[CongenitalBreast doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2007.05.008.
DeformityisaSeriousHandicap:AnImportantIndicationforBreast

Furtherreading
Jahme,Carole(14May2010)."Breastsize:ahumananomaly".AskCarole(column).TheGuardian.London.Retrieved17January2017.

Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bra_size&oldid=766523359"

Categories: Brassieres Sizesinclothing

Thispagewaslastmodifiedon20February2017,at17:53.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUse
andPrivacyPolicy.WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.