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Experimental Report On Amplitute Modulation: Sanu Kumar Gangwar M.SC Physics 16510072 Sanu - Gangwar@iitgn - Ac.in

This document reports on an experiment to perform amplitude modulation and demodulation. It finds that to successfully recover the baseband signal at the receiver, the modulation index must be between 0 and 1. The theory section defines amplitude modulation as varying the amplitude of a carrier wave proportionally to the modulating signal. Demodulation recovers the signal by multiplying the modulated wave by the carrier and filtering. The observation section shows results for various modulation indices, and the conclusion verifies that values between 0 and 1 allow recovery of the original signal shape.

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43 views7 pages

Experimental Report On Amplitute Modulation: Sanu Kumar Gangwar M.SC Physics 16510072 Sanu - Gangwar@iitgn - Ac.in

This document reports on an experiment to perform amplitude modulation and demodulation. It finds that to successfully recover the baseband signal at the receiver, the modulation index must be between 0 and 1. The theory section defines amplitude modulation as varying the amplitude of a carrier wave proportionally to the modulating signal. Demodulation recovers the signal by multiplying the modulated wave by the carrier and filtering. The observation section shows results for various modulation indices, and the conclusion verifies that values between 0 and 1 allow recovery of the original signal shape.

Uploaded by

Sanu Gangwar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENTAL REPORT ON AMPLITUTE

MODULATION
SANU KUMAR GANGWAR
M.Sc physics
16510072
[email protected]

1
Contents
1 OBJECTIVE 3

2 THEORY 3
2.1 Amplitude Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Modulation index of AM signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 OBSERVATION 4

4 CONCLUSION 7

5 REFERENCE 7

2
1 OBJECTIVE
To perform amplitute modulation and demodulation and to calculate modulation index for
various modulating voltage.

2 THEORY
Modulation is defined as the process which causes a shift in range of frequency in a signal.
In carrier communication sinusoidal carrier of high frequency c is varied in proportional
accordance with a baseband m(t).

2.1 Amplitude Modulation


Amplitude modulation is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most
commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave.Amplitude modulation is
characterized by the fact that the amplitude A of the Carrier Acos(c t + c ) is varied in
proportion to the baseband signal m(t), the modulating signal.The frequency c and the
phasec are constant. If the carrier amplitude A is made directly proportional to the modu-
lating signal m(t) ,the modulated signal is m(t)cosc t.This type of modulation simply shifts
the spectrum of m(t) to the carrier frequency. Thus, if

m(t) M ()

then
m(t)cos(c t) 1/2[M ( + c ) + M ( c )]
where
M(+c ) is called right shift of M()
M(-c ) is called left shift of M()

For this reason it is called double-sideband suppressed carrier DSB-SC .

3
2.2 Demodulation
The process of recovering the signal from the modulated signal is referred to as demodula-
tion.In a simpler way we can say demodulation is similiar to modulation,consists of multi-
plication of the incoming of the incoming modulated signal m(t)cos(c t) followed by a low
pass filter.We can verify this conclusion directly in the time domain by observing e(t) is

e(t) = m(t)cos2 c t

e(t) = 1/2(m(t) + m(t)cos2c t)

2.3 Modulation index of AM signals


The modulation index m of an AM signal is defined as

[A(t)]max [A(t)]min
m=
[A(t)]max + [A(t)]min

if m = 0.5, carrier amplitude varies by 50 percent above (and below) its unmodulated
level, For m = 1.0, it varies by 100 percent. With 100 percent modulation the wave amplitude
sometimes reaches zero, and this represents full modulation using standard AM and is often a
target (in order to obtain the highest possible signal to noise ratio) but mustnt be exceeded.
Increasing the modulating signal beyond that point, known as overmodulation.

3 OBSERVATION
peak to peak value is =1.04V
Vmax = 1.04/2 = 0.52V
Vmin = 0.3V
max Vmin
Modulation index = VVmax +Vmin
= 0.268

4
Modulated signal

Receiver signal
peak to peak value is =.832V
Vmax = .832/2 = 0.416V
Vmin = 0.12V
Vmin
Modulation index = VVmax
max +Vmin
= 0.552

Modulated signal

Receiver signal

5
peak to peak value is =.744V
Vmax = .744/2 = 0.372V
Vmin = 0.04V
max Vmin
Modulation index = VVmax +Vmin
= 0.892

Modulated signal

Receiver signal

peak to peak value is =0.780V


Vmax = 0.324/2 = 0.162V
Vmin = 0.056V
Vmin
Modulation index = VVmax
max +Vmin
= 1.032

Just above modulated signal

6
Receiver signal

4 CONCLUSION
From above signals we can conclude that to receive output signal as same shape of baseband
signal , modulation index should be in between 0 to 1.

5 REFERENCE
http://findnerd.com/list/view/Amplitude-Modulation-in-Analog-to-Analog/16843/
http : //www.evalidate.in/lab2/pages/AM Demod/AM D/AM DI .html

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