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Chapter 2. - Second-Order Differential Equations

This chapter discusses deriving second-order differential equations to govern the behavior of elastic structural members under bending loads. It first covers first-order differential equations, describing strains in beams based on curvature and relating bending moments and shear forces to the applied loads. Plane sections are assumed to remain plane after bending. The chapter then presents the fourth-order differential equations governing deflections in beams subjected to bending, relating curvature and load through the bending stiffness and moment of inertia.

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119 views7 pages

Chapter 2. - Second-Order Differential Equations

This chapter discusses deriving second-order differential equations to govern the behavior of elastic structural members under bending loads. It first covers first-order differential equations, describing strains in beams based on curvature and relating bending moments and shear forces to the applied loads. Plane sections are assumed to remain plane after bending. The chapter then presents the fourth-order differential equations governing deflections in beams subjected to bending, relating curvature and load through the bending stiffness and moment of inertia.

Uploaded by

bsitler
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2.

Second-Order Differential Equations

This chapter focuses on deriving second-order differential


equations governing the behavior of elastic members
2.1 First order differential equations
2.2 Second-order differential equations
2.1 First-Order Differential Equations

Governing the behavior of structural members


Elastic, Homogenous, and Isotropic
Strains and deformations are really small small deflection theory
Equations of equilibrium in undeformed state
Consider the behavior of a beam subjected to bending and axial
forces
2.1 First-Order Differential Equations
Assume tensile forces are positive and moments are positive
according to the right-hand rule
Longitudinal stress due to bending
P Mx My
My y x
P Mx
y
A Ix Iy
x
A Ix Iy

This is true when the x-y axis system is


a centroidal and principal axis system.
y dA x dA x y dA 0
A A A
Centroidal axis

dA A; dA I y ; dA I x
2 2
x y
A A A

I x and I y are principal moment of inertia


2.1 First-Order Differential Equations
P Mx My
The corresponding strain is y x
A E E Ix E Iy
Mx
If P=My=0, then y
E Ix
Plane-sections remain plane and perpendicular
to centroidal axis before and after bending
The measure of bending is curvature which
denotes the change in the slope of the
centroidal axis between two point dz apart

tan y
y
For small deformations tan y y

y
y
Mx
y
E Ix
M x E I x y and similarly M y E I y x
2.1 First-Order Differential Equations
Shear Stresses due to bending

s
Vy
t
Ix y t ds
O

Vx s
t x t ds
Iy O
2.1 First-Order Differential Equations
Differential equations of bending
Assume principle of superposition
Treat forces and deformations in y-z and x-z
plane seperately
Both the end shears and qy act in a plane
parallel to the y-z plane through the shear
center S
dV y
q y
dz
dM x
Vy
dz
d 2M x
q y
dz 2
d 2 (E I x y )
q y
dz 2
E I x y q y
2.1 First-Order Differential Equations
Differential equations of bending

E I x y q y
v
y
1 (v) 2 3/ 2

For small deflections


y v
E I x v iv q y
Similarly E I y u iv q x
u deflection in positive x direction
v deflection in positive y direction

Fourth-order differential equations using first-


order force-deformation theory

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