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Rockmass Classification

This document discusses different methods of classifying rock masses, including the RQD, GSI, RMR, and Q-System methods. The objectives of rock mass classification are to identify significant parameters that influence rock mass behavior, group similar rock masses, provide understanding of class characteristics, and allow for preliminary and detailed design. The RQD measures discontinuity frequency, while the GSI uses visual assessment of structure, lithology and discontinuity condition to estimate rock mass properties. The RMR method rates parameters like strength, discontinuities and water to determine a total value corresponding to a rock mass class. The Q-System also considers discontinuity properties and water to calculate a numerical index value for a rock mass.

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127 views39 pages

Rockmass Classification

This document discusses different methods of classifying rock masses, including the RQD, GSI, RMR, and Q-System methods. The objectives of rock mass classification are to identify significant parameters that influence rock mass behavior, group similar rock masses, provide understanding of class characteristics, and allow for preliminary and detailed design. The RQD measures discontinuity frequency, while the GSI uses visual assessment of structure, lithology and discontinuity condition to estimate rock mass properties. The RMR method rates parameters like strength, discontinuities and water to determine a total value corresponding to a rock mass class. The Q-System also considers discontinuity properties and water to calculate a numerical index value for a rock mass.

Uploaded by

truman
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MEKANIKA BATUAN (TKG 284)

Kuliah 9. Rock Mass Classification


10 November 2016
Oleh : Najib
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Introduction
Why do we need to know the rock mass
classification?
Mechanical behavior of the rock controlled by
the interaction of the properties of the rock
mass

The properties of the rock specimen does not


represent the properties of the rock mass.

The construction is built on the rock mass not


on the rock material itself.
Gambaran sederhana dari pengaruh skala pada tipe
kelakuan massa batuan (Hoek dkk, 1995).
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Objectives of rock mass classification

Identify the most significant parameters


influent the behavior of rock mass.

Group the rock mass that have similar


behavior.

Provide the basic understanding the


characteristic of each rock mass class use for
the determination of design specifications.
Objectives of rock mass classification
(cont.)

use for the detailed design based on the


experimental results.

use for the preliminary design based on the


empirical relationships

Provide the common basic for communication


between engineers and geologists.
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Type of rock mass classification
The most widely used of rock mass classification:
1. Geological System Index (GSI) by (Hoek et al. 1998; Marinos and
Hoek 2000, 2001).
2. Geomechanics classification( RMR) by (Bieniawski, 1973)
3. Q-system by (Barton et. al, 1974)
Other classification :
1. NATM Classification (the design of tunnel support)
by (Rabcewicz ,1957)
2. Rock mass classification for the design of tunnel support
Terzaghi [1946]
3. Stand-up time for an unsupported span related to the
quality of the rock mass ,Lauffer [1958]
4. Rock mass classification for dam foundation, Muller [1958]
5. Etc..
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Rock quality designation ( RQD)
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Geological Strength Index
The numbers associated with RMR and Q-systems were
largely meaningless for the weak and heterogeneous
rock masses.
Assessment :
lithology
structure
condition of discontinuity surfaces in the rock mass

Estimation :
From visual examination of the rock mass exposed in
outcrops, in surface excavations such as road cuts and
in tunnel faces and borehole cores.
Geological Strength Index cont.

Note : the GSI system was never intended


as a replacement for RMR or Q as it has no
rock-mass reinforcement or support design
capabilityits only function is the
estimation of rock-mass properties.
Geological strength index estimates for
heterogeneous rock masses such as Flysch
When not to use GSI

1. The GSI classification system is based upon the


assumption that the rock mass contains a sufficient
number of randomly oriented discontinuities such
that it behaves as an isotropic mass.

2. The GSI system should not be applied to those


rock masses in which there is a clearly defined
dominant structural orientation.
When not to use GSI cont.
3. It is also inappropriate to assign GSI values to excavated
faces in strong hard rock with a few discontinuities
spaced at distances of similar magnitude to the
dimensions of the tunnel or slope under consideration.

4. In such cases the stability of the tunnel or slope will be


controlled by the three-dimensional geometry of the
intersecting discontinuities and the free faces created by
the excavation.
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Geomechanics classification ( RMR)

The parameter required:


Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rock
material
Rock quality designation ( RQD)
Spacing of discontinuities
Condition of discontinuities
Ground water condition
Orientation of discontinuities
Procedures

Divide the structural region of the rock


mass which have certain feature are more
or less uniform.
Classification the parameter for each
structural region, as show in the table
below.
Table of classification
Table of classification cont.
Table of classification cont.

Irrespective of strike: do not consider of the strike


How to classify

Rating all the parameters required (according to the table


above)
Summing up the rate

Compare the total ratings with the value in the table


Rock Mass rating calculation
Rock Mass Classification

Introduction
Objectives
Types of Classification
RQD
GSI
Geomechanics (RMR)
Q system
Q-system

The parameter required:


RQD
Number of joints sets
Roughness of the most unfavorable joint or
discontinuity
Degree of the alteration or filling along the
weakest joint
Water inflow
Stress condition
Q-system
The numerical value of the index Q varies on a
logarithmic scale from 0.001 to a maximum of
1,000 and is defined by:
Q-system
Q-system
Q-system
Q-system
Q-system

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