Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: F

Mathematics and Decision Sciences

Volume 15 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2015
Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896

Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of Applications

By Maria Saeed, Sheza Nisar, Sundas Razzaq, Rabea Masood & Rabiya Imran
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan
Abstract- In linear algebra Gaussian elimination method is the most ancient and widely used
method. In this paper we discuss the applications of Gaussian Elimination method, as it can be
performed over any field. The method is being used in channel decoding algorithm as its very
resourceful moreover we have presented a Successive Gaussian elimination method that is used
for solution of parallel linear equations. Successive Gaussian Elimination method is observed to
be more rapid, efficient and accurate than that of Gaussian elimination method. Another
important application of Gaussian elimination is Robust Fingerprint Image Enhancement.
Gaussian filter is used to enhance the image. The SGE method is also appropriate for solving
linear equations on mesh-connected processors. The Gaussian method is also used in
scheduling algorithms.
Keywords: algorithm, linear equation, SGE (successive gaussian elimination).
GJSFR-F Classification : FOR Code : MSC 2010: 60G15

GaussianEliminationMethodAStudyofApplications

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of :

2015. Maria Saeed, Sheza Nisar, Sundas Razzaq, Rabea Masood & Rabiya Imran. This is a research/review paper, distributed
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Notes Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of
Applications

2015
Year
Maria Saeed , Sheza Nisar , Sundas Razzaq , Rabea Masood & Rabiya Imran
19
Abstract- In linear algebra Gaussian elimination method is the most ancient and widely used method. In this paper we

F ) Volume XV Issue V Version I

discuss the applications of Gaussian Elimination method, as it can be performed over any field. The method is being
used in channel decoding algorithm as its very resourceful moreover we have presented a Successive Gaussian
elimination method that is used for solution of parallel linear equations. Successive Gaussian Elimination method is
observed to be more rapid, efficient and accurate than that of Gaussian elimination method. Another important
application of Gaussian elimination is Robust Fingerprint Image Enhancement. Gaussian filter is used to enhance the
image. The SGE method is also appropriate for solving linear equations on mesh-connected processors. The Gaussian
method is also used in scheduling algorithms.
Keywords: algorithm, linear equation, SGE (successive gaussian elimination).

I. Introduction
Solving linear equation is the important application of linear algebra and it also
plays an important role in many fields of science i.e. physics, statistics, computer science

)
etc. There are many methods to solve linear equations but the main focus of this paper is

Global Journal of Science Frontier Research

on Gaussian elimination method. For many scientific computations it is necessary to solve
linear equation so good option is to solve it by algorithm of Gaussian elimination method.
The series of operations that are performed on the matrix of coefficients tor reduction of
matrix is called Gaussian elimination method.
The main aim of this paper is to discuss the uses and applications of Gaussian
elimination method. This method is applicable to find the rank of a matrix, to calculate
the determinant of a matrix, and to calculate the inverse of an invertible square matrix.
With Gaussian elimination method being the ancient and most widely used method, the
method is not only restricted for figures and numbers but can be used in various fields.
The main concern of whether it is more complex and if more new and innovative methods
have been developed. According to modern analysts, to those that prefer complexity
rather than solution, there are many less feasible methods still more appealing but in the
long run, Gaussian method still takes the crown until further development is done. Gauss
elimination method is used in enhancing image. The technique is called Directional
Gaussian Filter.
Fingerprint Image using Directional Gaussian Filtering and Non-Subsample
Contour let Transform method is used along with other techniques to clarify and attain

Author : Undergraduate Student Department of Computer Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University.
e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

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 Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of Applications

better images from thumb impressions. During the finger print identification process, the
most important phase is minutiae where clear and quality image is basis of further
advancement. Many techniques are there to enhance the image but the level of clarity
due to filters is a major shortcoming. So a new method based on directional Gaussian
filter has been presented [3]. In this method, the image is deconstructed into a set of
images, after using Gaussian filter to remove noise. Then it is constructed block by block
using NSCT for maximum clarity. The main purpose in internet and wireless
transmission is to pass over the information error free and to discern the data that is
being sent and received. To avoid such error different error correction techniques are
Ref
being used. It is known that Gaussian elimination method for solving simultaneous linear
2015

equations is not best approach, but still it is useful technique for solving systems. [2] The

1. Atif, Muhammad, and Abid Rauf. Efficient implementation of Gaussian elimination

main reason of using forward error correction (FEC) is to raise efficiency of a channel by
Year

Technologies, 2009. ICET 2009. International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.

method to recover generator polynomials of convolutional codes."Emerging
addition of some designed information to the data that is being transmitted through that
20 channel [1].This process is known as channel coding. There are two types of channel
coding:
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1. Convolutional coding
2. Block coding
Convolutional codes work on serial data. Block codes work on relatively large
message blocks. A method is used to find the generator polynomial and the code rate of
the convolution encoded data. The received values are then encoded by Convolution (n,
k, and m) codes and then its generator polynomial is detected by using the Gaussian
Elimination Method [1].
The problem of solving a system of N linear equations on a mesh-connected
multiprocessor structure is considered. The solution to the problem is obtained by using a
Gaussian-elimination-based algorithm called successive Gaussian elimination. The new
algorithm does not contain a separate back substitution phase. This scheme eliminates
)

the use of two processor structures in conjunction. Most importantly, the new algorithm
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research

supports pair wise pivoting to assure numerical stability.

Consider a graph theoretical model and study a parallel implementation of the
well-known Gaussian elimination method on parallel distributed memory architectures,
where the communication delay for the transmission of an elementary data is higher than
the computation time of an elementary instruction. We propose and analyze two low-
complexity algorithms for scheduling the tasks of the parallel Gaussian elimination on an
unbounded number of completely connected processors. We compare these two algorithms
with a higher-complexity general-purpose scheduling algorithm.
Many Channel decoding algorithm uses Gaussian elimination method as a major
operation as it provides large progress of frame error and is efficient then present
algorithms[4]. First of all state-of-art architectures are implemented then secondly we
apply a new hardware architecture Gaussian Elimination over GF(2) that utilizes less
resource and more throughputs. SMITH architecture and Systolic arrays according to
their hardware implementation on FPGA have been analyzed and the Gaussian
Elimination over GF(2) method is implemented methodically and result is observed that
this new implementation consumes less FPGA resources and is more efficient then the
state of art architectures The Method proposed is actually the improved version for
channel decoding algorithm[4].
Gaussian Elimination method is a solution for matrix of the form Ax=b.
Successive Gaussian Elimination commonly called SGE is a method for solution of linear
algebraic equations is an alternative of Gaussian elimination method. [5] SGE does not
contain a separate back substitution phase as Back substitution phase requires O(N) or
2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of Applications

O(logN) steps either using O(N) processor or O(N3) processor respectively. In spite of
using back substitution SGE uses one step division and partial pivoting. In Successive
Gaussian Elimination the pivot column and non-pivot columns are executed in parallel
that allows efficient multiprocessing [5]. The solution achieved by Successive Gaussian
Elimination method is observed to be more rapid, efficient and exact than that of
Gaussian elimination method.
Section 2 describes the related work and analysis done on the applications of
Gaussian elimination method. As discussed earlier the method is not only applicable in
Ref numerics field but it has vast applications in all other areas.
II. Related Work

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a) Gaussian-elimination-based algorithm for mesh-connected processors
5. Balasubramanya Murthy, K.N.; Siva Ram Murthy, C., A new Gaussian elimination-
based algorithm for parallel solution of linear equations," TENCON '94. IEEE Region
10's Ninth Annual International Conference. Theme: Frontiers of Computer

Year
Mesh-connected multiprocessor structure is considered for the problem of solving a
system of N linear equations. By using the new algorithm, which is called the successive 21
Gaussian elimination (SGE) algorithm that is used to solve the problem of system of N

F ) Volume XV Issue V Version I

linear equation and it is represented in the form of a binary tree. In this algorithm SGE
Technology. Proceedings of 1994 , vol., no., pp.82,85 vol.1, 22-26 Aug 1994.

no separate back substitution part occurs. A two-dimensional array of N x (N + 1)

processors is used to obtain the solution in (5N - log N - 4) time steps without requiring
any intermediate I/O operations. For the production of complete solution using the
existing Gaussian elimination algorithm this System reduces the use of two processor
structures one for back substitution, and other for triangulation. For the assurance of
numerical stability the new algorithm SGE supports pair wise pivoting.
b) Scheduling Algorithms for Parallel Gaussian Elimination
Most important problems in parallel processing are scheduling the tasks of
weighted Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). This problem is solved by the use of Gaussian
elimination method.[6] Cosnard et al. proposed a complete classification of different

)
versions of Gaussian Elimination, leading to two important classes of DAGs: the two-step

Global Journal of Science Frontier Research

graph and the greedy one.
Thus, the problem of efficiently implementing Gaussian elimination is reduced to
the problem of finding an algorithm for scheduling the tasks of the two-step or the greedy
graph that minimizes the schedule length.
c) Recover Generator Polynomials of Convolutional Codes
To avoid the errors for transmission of data ,error correction technique is used
known as channel coding. Convolution encoding method is mostly used among channel
coding methods. In this paper a technique is proposed to identify the generator
polynomial and the code rate of the convolution encoded data. The data received is
encoded by using Gaussian Elimination Method. Variables are eliminated step by step.
This removal of variables is different because it is done using GF (2) [1]. If the received
encoded data contains up to 7 bits of error then there are chances of more than 60% ,that
the given technique correctly identify the generator polynomial. It can identify the correct
polynomial with an error free coded data with the matrix size of 20 x 20. And the
adequate matrix size calculated from various calculations and simulations is 64 x 64. [1]
d) Some Improvements of the Gaussian Elimination Method
Gaussian elimination is a technique mostly used for solving simultaneous linear
equations, it is not optimal but still preferable to be used for solving problems of
moderate size. New methods are being proposed to expedite this technique. Eventual
symmetry of the system is given, which increases the calculation. Then it is presented
2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of Applications

that by doing slightly changes in the arrangement of the calculated values ,it can help to
expedite the calculation[2].This method of accelerating the Gaussian elimination method
can be useful in many fields.
e) A New Gaussian Elimination-based Algorithm for Parallel Solution of Linear
Equations
Advancements in the field have been made and a new method Successive Gaussian
elimination method is developed. The SGE method is does not contain a separate back
substitution phase as Back substitution phase requires O(N) or O(logN) steps either using Ref
O(N) processor or O(N3) processor respectively. In spite of using back substitution SGE
uses one step division and partial pivoting. In Successive Gaussian Elimination the pivot
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column and non-pivot columns are executed in parallel that allows efficient

2. Delic, S., and Z. Juric. Some improvements of the Gaussian elimination method for
Year

multiprocessing.

IEEE, 2013.
Electronics & Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2013 36th International Convention on.
solving simultaneous linear equations." Information & Communication Technology
f) Performance Comparison of Gauss Elimination and Gauss-Jordan Elimination
22
One of the most important applications of linear algebra is solving linear
equations. Many problems of engineering, economics biology etc can be easily solved
F ) Volume XV Issue V Version I

through linear equations to find the faster method of solving linear equation comparison
between Gauss elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination method a experiment is
purposed. Experiment is performed with the help of java programming language.
According to the result of this experiment Gauss elimination method performance is
faster than Gauss-Jordan method.
III. Conclusion
Gaussian Elimination method has many applications which are being discussed
above. The method is not only restricted for figures and numbers but can be used in
various fields. In the field of Computers and Mathematics the method is efficient for
algorithms, enhancement of images and networks.
)
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research

References Rfrences Referencias

1. Atif, Muhammad, and Abid Rauf. Efficient implementation of Gaussian elimination
method to recover generator polynomials of convolutional codes."Emerging
Technologies, 2009. ICET 2009. International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.
2. Delic, S., and Z. Juric. Some improvements of the Gaussian elimination method for
solving simultaneous linear equations." Information & Communication Technology
Electronics & Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2013 36th International Convention on.
IEEE, 2013.
3. Ibrahim, Muhammad Talal, Tariq Bashir, and Ling Guan. Robust Fingerprint Image
Enhancement: An Improvement to Directional Analysis of Fingerprint Image Using
Directional Gaussian Filtering and Non-subsampled Contourlet
Transform." Multimedia, 2008. ISM 2008. Tenth IEEE International Symposium on.
IEEE, 2008.
4. Scholl, Stefan, Christopher Stumm, and Norbert Wehn. Hardware implementations of
Gaussian elimination over GF (2) for channel decoding algorithms." AFRICON ,2013.
IEEE, 2013.
5. Balasubramanya Murthy, K.N.; Siva Ram Murthy, C., A new Gaussian elimination-
based algorithm for parallel solution of linear equations," TENCON '94. IEEE Region
10's Ninth Annual International Conference. Theme: Frontiers of Computer
Technology. Proceedings of 1994 , vol., no., pp.82,85 vol.1, 22-26 Aug 1994.
2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of Applications

6. Yadanar Mon , Lai Lai Win Kyi Performance Comparison of Gauss Elimination and
Gauss-Jordan Elimination , Volume 2 - Issue 2, IJCCER ,2014.

Notes

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