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Sac Char If Ication

The document describes the saccharification process of converting liquefied starch to glucose using properties of glucose and water. It then calculates the heat transfer rate of a counter-current heat exchanger used to cool the glucose output. The calculations show the counter-current design has a higher efficiency of 0.97 compared to 0.70 for co-current, so the counter-current heat exchanger is selected.

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Carol Wei
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102 views7 pages

Sac Char If Ication

The document describes the saccharification process of converting liquefied starch to glucose using properties of glucose and water. It then calculates the heat transfer rate of a counter-current heat exchanger used to cool the glucose output. The calculations show the counter-current design has a higher efficiency of 0.97 compared to 0.70 for co-current, so the counter-current heat exchanger is selected.

Uploaded by

Carol Wei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Saccharification:

5,555.60 kg/h HO
25C, 1 atm

60C, 1 atm Saccharification 60C, 1 atm


50,000 kg/h 55,555.60 kg/h
Liquefied Starch Glucose (l)
Slurry

Assumption

Inlet temperature = (60+25) C /2

= 42.5 C

Wall temperature = 60C

Bulk temperature = (42.5+60)C /2 = 51.25C

Vessel diameter = 0.15 m


Vessel length = 5 m
Wall thickness = 0.05 m

Properties of Glucose at 60oC:


Cp = 2.43 kJ/kg.C
= 1540 kg/m3
= 0.0043 kg/m.s

k = 0.488 W/m.K
o
Properties of water at 60.0 C: (Table A.2, J.P.Holman, 2010)
By interpolating:
Cp = 4.1862 kJ/kg.k
= 984.48 kg/m3

= 0.482 x 103 kg/m.s

k = 0.6559 W/m.k

The outlet ratio of the unit operation is glucose: water = 1: 0.


Therefore, using the properties of glucose
The density of glucose at 60 o C = 1540 kg/m3
The viscosity of glucose at 60 o C = 0.0043 kg/m.s
The specific heat capacity of glucose at 60 o C = Cp = 2.43 kJ/kg. C or 0.438 kJ/kg.k

kg 1h m
Volumetric flow rate = 55,555.60 h X 3600 s X 1540 kg

= 0.01 m3/s
A = 2rL
= 2() (0.075) (5m)
= 2.3562 m2
0.01m
Velocity = s X 2.3562 m2

= 0.0236 m/s
Dv 0.0236 m 1540 kg 1 m. s
N
= = 0.15 m X s X m X 0.0043 kg

= 1267.8140 < 2100


N
Since the is less than 2100, this indicates that the flow in the pipe is laminar flow.
Cp
N Pr
= k

kJ kg m.k 1000 W
= 2.43 kg . C X 0.0043 m. s X 0.488W X 1 KW

= 21.4119
N N Pr
D/L

= (1267.8140)(21.4119)(0.075)/5

= 407.1946 >100 then

ha D D 1 /3 b 0.14
N Nu
= k = 1.86( N N Pr L ) ( )
w

1 /3 0.14
0.15 m 0.0031
= 1.86 (1267.8140 X 21.4119 X 5 m ) 0.0027

= 17.7083
ha D
k = 17.7083

0.488 w 1
ha
= 17.7083 x m. k x 0.15m

= 57.6110 W/ m.k
1 1 x
= +
U h k

1 0.05 m
= (57.6110 W /m . k) + (0.488 W /m . K )

= 0.1198 m2.K/W
U = 8.346 W/ m2.K

q = UA T

W
= 8.346 m2 . K x 2.3562 m2 x 273.15k+(60-42.5)

= 5715.5873 W

Heat exchanger

Cold water in

(60C, 1 atm) (35C, 1 atm)

55,555.60 kg/h glucose(l) Heat exchanger 55,555.60 kg/h glucose(l)

1 kg glucose/ kg 1 kg glucose/kg

0 kg water /kg 0 kg water / kg

Cold water out

Thi = 333.15 K Tci = 298.15 K

Tho = 308.15 K Tco= 330.00 K (Assumption)

330.00+ 298.15
Tavg = 2
= 314.075 K

Cp (glucose) = 0.3600 kJ/kg.K

At 314.075 K, Cp (H2O) = 4.183 KJ/kg.K (Christie J.Geankoplis )

m
= 55,555.60 kg 1h

h 3600 s

= 15.4321 kg/s

Assume mass flow rate of cold water in = 200 kg 1h

h 3600s

= 0.056 kg/s

CH = mCp(glucose)

= 15.4321 kg 0.36 kJ 1000 J

s kg.K 1KJ

= 5555.56 W/K

Cc = mCp(H2O)

= 0.056 kg 4.183 kJ 1000J

s kg.K 1KJ

= 234.248 W/K

Since Cc < CH ,CH is Cmax while Cc is Cmin.

Cmin 234.248W /k
Cmax = 5555.56 W /K

= 0.0422

UA 570+1140
2
NTU = Cmin ; assume A= 1m ; U = 2 = 855 W/m2.K

= 855 W 1m2 K
m2 234.248 W

= 3.65

Figure 4.97, = 0.97 (for counterflow)

q= Cmin (Thi-Tci)

= 0.97 234.248 W 35K

= 7952.7196 W
q= mCp(H2O) (Tco-Tci)

q
(Tco-Tci) = mCp( H 2O)

= 7952.7196 W K

234.248 W

= 33.95 K

Tco- 298.15 K = 33.95 K

Tco = 332.1 K

Since the value (332.1 K) is approximately as the assumption value (330.00 K). Hence,
the temperature of the cold water out is 330.00 K. The heat transfer rate is 7952.7196 W.
Comparing to co-current flow heat exchanger in which = 0.70. Therefore, the
counter-current flow heat exchanger is selected because its efficiency (0.97) is higher
than the efficiency (0.70) of co-current flow heat exchanger.

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