one C. Adjectives and adverbs (1) (quick/quickly) Look at these examples: ‘© Our holiday was too short ~ the time went very quickly. ‘@ The driver of the car was seriously injured in the accident. Quickly and seriously are adverbs. Many adverbs are made from an adjective + -ly: adjective: quick adverb: quickly For spelling, see Appendix 6 serious careful quiet seriously carefully quietly heavily badly heavy bad Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs, Some adjectives end in ly too, for example: friendly lively elderly lonely Adjective or adverb? silly lovely Adjectives (quick/careful etc.) tell us about a noun. We use adjectives before nouns and after some verbs, especially be: Tom isa careful driver. (not ‘a carefully driver? ‘© We didn’t go out because of the heavy rain, © Please be quiet. ‘© Iwas disappoinced that my exam results were so bad. ‘We also use adjectives after the verbs look/feel/sound etc. (see Unit 98D): © Why do you always look so serious? Compare: — © She speaks perfect English. adjective + noun Compace these sentences with look: © Tom looked sad when I saw him. (= he seemed sad, his expression was sad) ‘Adverbs (quickly/carefully etc.) tell us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something or how something happens: © Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. {not ‘drove careful’) © We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily. (xo? ‘raining heavy’) © Please speak quietly. (not ‘speak quiet’) © [was disappointed that I did so badly in the exam. (not ‘did so bad’) © Why do you never take me seriously? © She speaks English perfectly. verb + object + adverb © Tom looked at me sadly. {= he looked at me ina sad way) We also use adverbs before adjectives and other adverbs, For example: reasonably cheap terribly sorry incredibly quickly (adverb + adjective) (adverb + adjective) (adverb + adverb) ‘© It’s a reasonably cheap restaurant and the food is extremely good. © Oh, P'm terribly sorry. I didn’t mean to push you. (not ‘terrible sorry”) © Maria learns languages incredibly quickly. © The examination was surprisingly easy. ‘You can also use an adverb before a past participle (injured/organised/written etc. ‘© Two people were seriously injured in the accident. (not ‘serious injured?) © The meeting was very badly organised. Adjectives and adverbs (2) ~r FITETI)UNIT EXERCISES 99 Complete the sentences with adverbs. The first leter(s) of each adverb are given, 1-We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily, 2 Our team lost the game because we played very Ba... . 3 Lhad little difficulty finding a place to live. [found a flat quite ea... 4 We had to wait for a long time but we didn’e complain. We waited pa... 5 Nobody knew George was coming to see us. He arrived unex. 6 Mike keeps fit by playing tennis reg. Put in the right word. 1 The driver of the car was ..nerlouely.. injured. (serious/seriously) 2. The driver of the car had .. eereus... injuries. {serious/seriously} .. (selish/selfishly) suse Upset about losing her job. (terrible/terribly) S There was a change in the weather. (sudden/suddenly) 6 Everybody at the parcy was dressed. (colourful/eolourfully) 7 Linda likes wearing . clothes. {colourfu/colourfully} 8 She fell and huct herself quite . . (badfbadly) 9) He says he didn’t do well at school because he was .. taught. (bad/badly) 10 Don't go up that ladder. It doesn’t look . (safe/safely) 11 He looked at me..... when I interrupted him. (angry/angrily) Complete each sentence using a word from the list. Sometimes you need the adjective (careful etc.) and sometimes the adverb (carefully etc.). ‘careful{ly) ‘complete(ly) —continuous(ly) ——_financial(ly) _fluent(ly) happy/happily __nervous(ly) perfect(ly) quiche special(ly) 1 Our holiday was too short. The time passed very ..quickhy. 2 Tom doesn’t take risks when he’s driving. He's always exre:nowennnmn 3 Sue works She never seems to stop. Alice and Stan are very ow TATE Monica’s English i8 Very soo... although she makes quite a lot of mistakes. Toooked this meal ecu for you, so 1 hope you like i. Everything was very quiet. There was silence. I tried on the shoes and they fitted me Do you usually feel before examinations? 10 Pd like to buy a car but it’s impossible for me at the moment. waa e Choose two words fone from each box) to complete each sentence. absolutely reasenably unusually ‘cheap enormous planned badly seriously unnecessarily changed ill quiet completely slightly damaged _long 1 Tthought the restaxrant would be expensive but it was ..feapenably cheap. 2 George’s mother is . - in hospital. 3. What a big house! It's - 4 Ie wasn’t a serious accident. The car was only $ The children are normally very lively but they'r..... 6 When I returned home after 20 years, everything had .. 7 The fila WAS econ _ Te could have been much shorter. 8A lot went wrong during our holiday because it was ~ . . 199UN wy Adjectives and adverbs (2) (well/fast/late, hard/hardly) Good/well Good is an adjective. The adverb is well: © Your English is good. but You speak English well. © Susan isa good pianist. but __ Susan plays the piano well. ‘We use well (not ‘good”) with past participles (dressediknown etc.): well-dressed well-known well-educated well-paid But well is also an adjective with the meaning ‘in good health’: @ “How are you today?” ‘'m very well, thanks.” (nor T'm very good”) Fast/hardilate ‘These words are both adjectives and adverbs: adjective adverb © Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast. ‘Ann isa hard worker. ‘Ann works hard. (not ‘works hardly’) © The train was late. I got up late this morning. Lately = ‘recently’ ‘© Have you seen Tom lately? Hardly Hardly = very litte, almost not. Study these examples: ‘© Sarah was rather unfriendly to me at the party. She hardly spoke to me. {= she spoke to me very little, almost not at all) © George and Hilda want to get married but they've only known each other for a few days. I don’e think they should get married yet. They hardly know each other, (= they know cach other very little} Hard and hardly are completely different. Compare: @ He tried hard to find a job bur he had no luck. {= he tried a lot, with a lot of effort) © Pm not surprised he didn’t find a job. He hardly tried to find one. (= he tried very little} ‘We often use hardly + any/anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere: There's hardly anything © 4; How much money bave you got? in the fridge. 8; Hardly any. (= very litte, almost none) © Tj have to go shopping. We've got hardly any food. © The exam results were very bad. Hardly anybody in our class passed. (= very few students passed, almost nobody passed) © She ate hardly anything. She wasn’t feeling hungey. (= she ate very little, almost nothing) Note the position of hardly. You can say: She ate hardly anything. or She hardly ate anything. © We've got hardly any food. or We've hardly got any food. ‘We often use can/could + hardly. Ican hardly do something = it’s almost impossible for me to do it: © Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read is almost impossible for me to read it} © My leg was hurting me. I could hardly walk. Hardly ever = almost never © I'm nearly always at homé in the evenings. I hardly ever go out.UNIT EXERCISES 100 Put in good or well. 1 [play tennis but I'm not very ..9924. 7 George speaks German very oon 2 Your exam results were Very ooo “ 8 George*s German is yery 3 You did very in your exams. 9 Our new business is going very 4 The weather was Vety susseeen-sueu While at the moment. wewere on holiday. 10 like your jacket. Ie 100k ss... 00 YOU. $ Idida’t sleep very . fast night. 11 [ve met her a few times but I don’t 6 How are you? Are you . son? know her very Complete these sentences using well + one of the following words: balanced behaved done dressed informed kept known paid 1 The children were very good. They were ..wellehaved. 2 Pm surprised you haven't heard of hes. She is quite 3 Our neighbours’ garden is neat and tidy. Iris very 4 You should eat different types of food. Your diet should be 5 Ann knows a lot about many things. She is quite 6 His clothes are always smart. He is always........ sevomseiaenanan 7 Jill has a lot of responsibility in her job but she isn't Very so o.e. smu 8 Congratulations on passing your examinations. .... 1 Are the underlined words right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. I'm tired because I've been working hard. ... RIGHT, Letied hacd to remember her name but I couldn't This coat is practically unused. I've hardly worn She's a good tennis player. She hits the ball hardly. Don’t walk so fast! I can’t keep up with you. Why ace you walking so slow? Are you tired? Write sentences with hardly. Use one of the following verbs (in the correct form): change hear denow recognise say sleep speak You look the same now as you looked 15 years ago. You've I met Keith a few days ago. I hadn’t seen him for a long time and he looks very different now. ne snsess anon Ht 1 George and Hilda have only met once before. They ..hardly know... each other. 2 You're speaking very quietly. Ican soemtnonninonimnnnannse FOUL 3: P'm very tired this morning, 1 snes last night, 4 We were so shocked when we heard the news, we could - 5 Kate was very quiet this evening. She on 8 Word, 6 7 Complete these sentences with hardly + any/anybody/anything/anywhere/ever. 1 Pll have to go shopping. We've got... hardly at... food. 2 Ttwas a very warm day and there was wind, 3 ‘Do you know much about computers?” ‘Noy oe... ! 4 The hotel was almost empty. There was staying there, 5 listen to the radio quite often but I. oe watch television. 6 Our new boss is not very popular. cron Hikes hes. 7 Itwas very crowded in the room. There was. . to sit. 8. We used to be good friends but We wes see each other now. 9. It was nice driving this morning, There was traffic. 10 Thate this town. Thete’s 100 BO. 201