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    Salt Hydrolysis

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    nuramiraazizan
    This document discusses predicting the pH of salt solutions when dissolved in water through hydrolysis. Hydrolysis occurs when salt ions react with water, releasing or absorbing hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions and changing the solution's pH. The document explains that sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) produces basic solutions because the phosphate (PO43-) ion absorbs more H+ ions through hydrolysis than the sodium (Na+) ion releases OH- ions. It also discusses using acid dissociation constants (Ka) and base dissociation constants (Kb) to theoretically predict a salt solution's exact pH and outlines steps to determine if a solution will be acidic, basic or neutral based on hydrolysis reactions. Finally, it

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    Salt Hydrolysis

    Uploaded by

    nuramiraazizan
    179 views1 page
    This document discusses predicting the pH of salt solutions when dissolved in water through hydrolysis. Hydrolysis occurs when salt ions react with water, releasing or absorbing hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions and changing the solution's pH. The document explains that sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) produces basic solutions because the phosphate (PO43-) ion absorbs more H+ ions through hydrolysis than the sodium (Na+) ion releases OH- ions. It also discusses using acid dissociation constants (Ka) and base dissociation constants (Kb) to theoretically predict a salt solution's exact pH and outlines steps to determine if a solution will be acidic, basic or neutral based on hydrolysis reactions. Finally, it

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    This document discusses predicting the pH of salt solutions when dissolved in water through hydrolysis. Hydrolysis occurs when salt ions react with water, releasing or absorbing hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions and changing the solution's pH. The document explains that sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) produces basic solutions because the phosphate (PO43-) ion absorbs more H+ ions through hydrolysis than the sodium (Na+) ion releases OH- ions. It also discusses using acid dissociation constants (Ka) and base dissociation constants (Kb) to theoretically predict a salt solution's exact pH and outlines steps to determine if a solution will be acidic, basic or neutral based on hydrolysis reactions. Finally, it

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    179 views1 page

    Salt Hydrolysis

    Uploaded by

    nuramiraazizan
    This document discusses predicting the pH of salt solutions when dissolved in water through hydrolysis. Hydrolysis occurs when salt ions react with water, releasing or absorbing hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions and changing the solution's pH. The document explains that sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) produces basic solutions because the phosphate (PO43-) ion absorbs more H+ ions through hydrolysis than the sodium (Na+) ion releases OH- ions. It also discusses using acid dissociation constants (Ka) and base dissociation constants (Kb) to theoretically predict a salt solution's exact pH and outlines steps to determine if a solution will be acidic, basic or neutral based on hydrolysis reactions. Finally, it

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Predicting Hydrolysis of ions

    Hydrolysis refers to a reaction with water (e.g.


    the pH splitting water into H+ and OH–)
    When salts are added to water, pH can change
    of salt E.g. when Na3PO4 is added to water, ions form
    Na3PO4(aq) → 3Na+(aq) + PO43–(aq)
    solutions These ions may react with H2O, affecting the pH
    PO43–(aq) + H+(aq) ↔ HPO42–(aq)
    Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) ↔ NaOH (aq)
    If the anion (-ve) reacts to remove lots of H+ but
    the cation (+ve) removes very little OH–, then
    H+ will decrease and the solution will be basic.

    The degree of hydrolysis Accuracy of predictions


    PO4 3–(aq)+ H+(aq)↔ HPO4 2–(aq) Theoretically, using Ka and Kb values you could
    predict the exact pH resulting from a certain
    Na+ + OH– ↔ NaOH
    salt being added to distilled water.
    • The problem with writing equilibria this way is
    However, you only need to be able to predict if a
    we do not know the strength of the reactions
    solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral.
    • However, if we reverse the reaction we can Note: you can’t judge the pH change solely on
    look up Ka and Kb values (pg. 608, 615): the difference between Ka and Kb. Other
    HPO42– ↔ PO43– + H+ Ka= 4.5 x 10–13 factors are involved (e.g. the formula of the
    NaOH ↔ Na+ + OH– Kb= 55 compound and its molar mass both affect [ ])
    • Small Ka: few products; adding PO43– = shift left Note: hydrolysis refers to reactions with water.
    • Large Kb: mostly products; Na+ has little affect Several variations for writing equilibriums
    • Thus, adding Na3PO4 will cause more H+ to be exist. However, focusing on how the H+/OH–
    removed, resulting in a basic solution balance of water is affected is easiest.

    Steps in determining pH Buffers - lab


    1. Write the ions that form: e.g. NH4CN Read 15.6 (621-623) up to and including special
    topic 15.2 (carbonate buffer)
    2. Determine the reaction ions have with water: Calibrate pH meter, get a plastic bottle with
    distilled H2O to rinse your pH meter btw tests
    You will use 4 solutions (≈20 mL of each):
    3. Look up the Ka of the conjugate acid and the distilled water, water + NaC2H3O2 (5 scoops),
    Kb of the conjugate base: 0.2 M HC2H3O2, 0.2 M HC2H3O2 + NaC2H3O2
    For each, record the initial pH and the pH upon
    addition of 5, 10, and 15 drops of 1 M HCl
    Remake the 4 solutions
    4. Determine if more H+ or OH– is removed: For each, record the initial pH and the pH upon
    addition of 5, 10, and 15 drops of 1 M NaOH

    NaC2H3O2 Buffers - summary


    HCl H2O NaC2H3O2 HC2H3O2
    + HC2H3O2 Solutions with buffers resist changes in pH, when
    0 small amounts of acid or base are added
    5 Buffers are important in blood, cells, resisting the
    10 effects of acid rain on lake ecosystems.
    15 A buffer is created when a weak acid is mixed
    with a salt that contains the identical ion.
    Na NaC2H3O2
    H2O NaC2H3O2 HC2H3O2 Two equilibria contribute to the consistent [H+]
    OH + HC2H3O2
    0
    5 HA ↔ H+ + A–
    10 Na+ + A– ↔ NaA
    15

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