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    Antibiotics, The Basics: Classification of Veterinary Antibiotics

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    The document classifies and describes common veterinary antibiotics, including their classes, mechanisms of action, effects on bacteria, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance. It focuses on florfenicol, describing it as the only phenicol antibiotic used in food animals, and noting its both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties with a low incidence of resistance in target pathogens.

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    Antibiotics, The Basics: Classification of Veterinary Antibiotics

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    galihja
    302 views2 pages
    The document classifies and describes common veterinary antibiotics, including their classes, mechanisms of action, effects on bacteria, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance. It focuses on florfenicol, describing it as the only phenicol antibiotic used in food animals, and noting its both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties with a low incidence of resistance in target pathogens.

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    Original Title

    Antibiotic Classes

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    The document classifies and describes common veterinary antibiotics, including their classes, mechanisms of action, effects on bacteria, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance. It focuses on florfenicol, describing it as the only phenicol antibiotic used in food animals, and noting its both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties with a low incidence of resistance in target pathogens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    302 views2 pages

    Antibiotics, The Basics: Classification of Veterinary Antibiotics

    Uploaded by

    galihja
    The document classifies and describes common veterinary antibiotics, including their classes, mechanisms of action, effects on bacteria, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance. It focuses on florfenicol, describing it as the only phenicol antibiotic used in food animals, and noting its both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties with a low incidence of resistance in target pathogens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Antibiotics, The Basics

    Classification of Veterinary Antibiotics


    Class Examples of Compounds
    Aminocyclitols spectinomycin, apramycin
    Aminoglycosides gentamicin, neomycin
    Beta-lactams penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, cephapirin
    Fluoroquinolones enrooxacin, danooxacin
    Lincosamides lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin
    Macrolides erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, tulathromycin
    Sulfonamides sulfadimethoxine, combination sulfas, potentiated sulfas
    Tetracyclines chlortetracycline, oxytetracyline
    Phenicol orfenicol

    Florfenicol is the only compound in its class that is used exclusively in food animals.

    What These Antibiotics Do1

    Action Class Compounds

    Cripple production of the bacterial cell wall that protects Beta-lactams penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur,
    the cell from the external environment cephapirin

    Obstruct metabolic processes, such as the synthesis of Sulfonamides sulfadimethoxine, combination


    folic acid, that bacteria need to thrive sulfas, potentiated sulfas

    Block genetic replication by interfering with synthesis of Fluoroquinolones enrooxacin, danooxacin


    DNA

    Interfere with protein synthesis by binding to the Aminocyclitols spectinomycin, apramycin


    machinery that builds proteins, one amino acid at a time
    Aminoglycosides gentamicin, neomycin

    Lincosamides lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin

    Macrolides erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin,


    tulathromycin

    Tetracylines oxytetracycline, chlortetracyline

    Phenicol orfenicol

    www.nuflor.com
    How the Antibiotic Classes Affect Bacteria
    Bacteriostatic Bactericidal
    Aminocyclitols Aminoglycosides
    Lincosamides Beta-lactams
    Macrolides Fluoroquinolones
    Sulfonamides Phenicol
    Tetracyclines
    Phenicol

    Florfenicol has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties.


    The incidence of orfenicol-resistant organisms is low in target bovine pathogens.

    Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance1

    Class Compounds Mechanisms

    Enzyme-induced
    Aminoglycosides gentamicin, neomycin Decrease cell wall uptake

    Beta-lactams penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, Enzyme-induced


    cephapirin Altered cell wall binding site
    Gene resistance, plasmids
    Gene resistance, transposons
    Gene resistance, chromosomes

    Fluoroquinolones enrooxacin, danooxacin Efux pumps


    Altered DNA binding site
    Gene resistance, plasmids
    Gene resistance, chromosomes

    Lincosamides lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin Altered ribosome binding site


    Gene resistance, plasmids

    Macrolides erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, Efux pumps


    tulathromycin Altered ribosome binding site
    Gene resistance, plasmids

    Sulfonamides sulfadimethoxine, combination Gene resistance, plasmids


    sulfas, potentiated sulfas

    Tetracylines oxytetracycline, chlortetracyline Efux pumps


    Gene resistance, plasmids

    Enzyme-induced
    Phenicol orfenicol
    Efux pumps

    Nuor. Nothing matches it.

    1Griffin,Dee. University of Nebraska Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, 2004.


    2005 Schering-Plough Animal Health Corp. All rights reserved. Nuflor is www.nuflor.com
    a registered trademark of Schering-Plough Veterinary Corp. SPAH-NFL-446

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