CAM Lab Manual PDF

MANUAL CUM OBSERVATION
KIOT/MECH/CAM LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Ex. Date Name of the Experiments Page Marks Faculty

No No Awarded Sign
1 Study of CNC Machines
2 Part Programming Fundamentals
3 Plain Turning and Facing cycle
4 Facing and Grooving
5 Step Turning
6 Thread Cutting
7 Multiple Turning Circular

interpolation
8 Drilling
9 Contour Milling
10 CNC Milling- linear interpolation
11 CNC Milling - Rectangular Pocketing
12 CNC Milling- Mirror image
13 CNC Milling- Linear and Circular

Slotting
14 Study of Cam Packages
15 Study about CNC code generation for

machining
Average Mark

3
EXPT. NO: 1 STUDY OF CNC MACHINES
DATE :
AIM:
To study the CNC machine components specification, Machine software and

simulation control of the program.
MACHNIE SPECIFICATION:
NAME : XL TURN PC CNC Lathe
MANUFACTURER : MTAB
LENGTH : 600 mm
WIDTH : 425 mm
HEIGHT : 430 mm
BETWEEN THE CENTRES : 250 mm
SWING OVER CROSS SIDE : 38 mm
OVER BED : 140 mm
SPRRD : 1500 rpm
POWER : Single Phase 230 V DC
SOFTWARE FEATURES:
Simulation control of X and Y axes

Combined use of absolute and incremental positioning
External and Internal screw cutting
Empirical and Metric program
DENFORD FANUC TRAINING PROGRAM:
Miscellaneous Function
Preparatory Function
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MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION:
M codes are instruction describing machine function like calling cutting tool, spindle
rotation and coolant ON / OFF
M-Codes Functions
M01 Optional Stop

M02 Program End
M03 Spindle ON Clockwise (CW)
M04 Spindle ON Counter Clockwise (CCW)
M05 Spindle Off
M06 Tool Change
M08 Coolant On
M09 Coolant Off
M30 Program Stop
M98 Sub-Program Call
M99 Sub-Program Exit
PREPARATORY FUNCTION:
A two digit numbers following address G, determines the meaning of the command of the
block concerned to describe machine tool movement.
G00 Rapid Traverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpretation (CW)
G03 Circular Interpretation (CCW)
G20 Empirical units
G21 Metric Units
G28 Return to Reference Point
G90 Turning Cycle
G94 Facing Cycle
G98 Feed per Minute
G99 Feed per Revolution
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FORMAT ON CNC PROGRAM:
CNC program can be divided into three parts they are
Startup
Body of program
End of program
STARTUP:
0 100
L BILLET X32 Z100
G 20/21 98/99
G 28 U0 W0
M 06 T04
M 03 S1000
G 00 X22 Z2
BODY OF THE PROGRAM: This dealt operation wise in the succeeding exercises.
END:
G28 U0 W0 - Move the tool to go to home position.
M05 - Stop the spindle rotation.
M30 - Program stop and rewind.
Metal Cutting Parameters for XL Turn
LATHE: CNC
BILLET MATERIAL: Aluminum
DEPTH OF CUT
DESCRIPTION SPEED (rpm) FEED (mm/min)
(mm)
Turning 1000-1500 45-55 0.5-1.0
Grooving 600-800 15-55 0.25-0.5
Threading 300-350 --- 0.03-0.04
8
.
Fig. 1.The main axes of a lathe or turning center.
.
Fig. 2 The main axes of a vertical machining center
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SIMULATION:
After the part program processing, press F9 button and control command appears
to select simulation mode.
We can see the simulation of assigned tool on work piece.
OPERATION OF XL TURN LATHE:
1. Press home button on the operation panel

2. Press +X button and wait for cross slide stand still
3. Press +Z button and wait for saddle to come to rest
4. Press auto button ensuring cursor is at first line of program
5. Press cycle start button after operation has started and the machine completes
operation
6. An emergency stopper is provided to avoid any accident
RESULT
Thus the specification of XL Turn PC lathe machine, software working procedure and
simulation of the components are studied.
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EXPT. NO: 2 STUDY OF CNC MILLING MACHINE
DATE :
AIM
To study the constructional features, operation and simulation of XLMILL-CNC
Milling Machine.
INTRODUCTION
CNC is next logical extension of the concept of numerical control which made
CNC technology more reliable and cost effective. The promise held forth by concept of
Numerical control was finally realized in CNC, equipping these machines with advanced control
and programming features by further enhancing their ability. Some of these features are
i) improved diagnostic, ii)In process compensation, iii) Advanced operating features and
iv) Advanced Programming facilities.
CNC XL Milling machines are used to manufacture small box shaped parts and
cylindrical cans manufacturing. In general CNC milling machines are used for production of
drilling and holes of different co-ordinate positions in work piece with automatic cycles
consisting of XY plane, rapid approach of tool on work piece, drilling with required feed rate to
the required depth and rapid retardation of tool and various types of milling operations.
AXES CONVENTION FOR MILLING
X and Y axis are defined in the plane of the table. The Z axis is perpendicular to this
plane.
MILLING CUTTER
The milling cutters are revolving tools having one or several cutting edges of identical
form equally spaced on the circumference of the cutter. Most of the cutters are made of high
speed steel, carbide tipped teeth cutters are also available. cutter can also be held directly on the
spindle. The following milling cutters are used in milling:
Plain milling cutter
Slab milling cutter
Slitting cutter
Side milling cutter
Angle milling cutter
End milling cutter
T slot milling cutter
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MACHINE SPECIFICATION
Make MTAB
Working Table Size 360mm X 130mm
Longitudinal (X) 160mm
Transverse
Cross Transverse (Y) 90mm
Head Transverse (Z) 115mm
SALIENT FEATURES
Control format programming through either desktop tutor of computer keyboard.

Simultaneous three axis contour control
Circular Interpolation (or) Linear Interpolation
Tangential speed control
Combined use of absolute and Incremental in the same block.
Mirror Imaging
Manual and Programmable machine steps
Zoomed (or) sectional view with animation
Automatic Error checking with message
PREPARATORY AND MISCELLANEOUS CODES

Preparatory codes are G- codes which are used for tool motion miscellaneous
codes are that codes which are used for operation other than the tool motion. G codes of
G00 represent those that are non modal and are effective to designated block. G codes
of different groups can be commanded to the same block infinitely. M Codes will be
executed at the end of a block.
PROGRAM EDITING
When Editing CNC program, following keys may be used
Alter Alter the information at a cursor position with the information on the edit line.
Cursor Keys Moves cursor in appropriate direction
Delete Delete at the cursor
Insert Insert at the cursor
Page Up Move cursor to first line
PROGRAM SIMULATION
By pressing the F9 button, Simulation menu is brought upon screen.
CHECK SYNTAX
Check the whole program for format errors
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Fig. 3 Two-dimensional linear interpolation
Fig. 4 Two-dimensional circular interpolation
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RUN PROGRAM
Start the onscreen simulation of the program
DRY RUN
This facility runs the program without onscreen simulation of the program.
SET DATUM
This allows changing the datum position on billet in datum window.
SET VIEW
Use this facility to indicate the view required for onscreen simulation.
3D VIEW
Show Simulation in three dimensional view.
SPECIAL CYCLES
Special Cycles or Canned Cycles are a preprogrammed sequences of repetitive tool motion
that are built into the control system f or common operations such as drilling, tapping, boring,
and pocketing. Its purpose is to reduce the amount of program code that would normally have
to be written. Canned cycles are G codes that are options purchased with a CNC, but some
are standard equipment depending on the manufacturer.
Drilling cycle (G81, G82 or G83) are used to drill multiple holes without
programming each move separately. Using this cycle reduces the amount of code
that would normally have to be written.
Facing cycle (G77) is used to clean up rough stock material (normally on top of
the part) which can be located within a rectangular area. Using this cycle reduces the
amount of code that would normally have to be written.
Rectangular pocket cycle (G78) is used to clear out material which is located
within a rectangular area. Using this cycle reduces the amount of code that would
normally have to be written.
Circular pocket cycle (G79) is used to clear out material which is located within a
circular area. Using this cycle reduces the amount of code that would normally have to be
written.
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The functions of a few common G-codes
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INTERPOLATATION
Linear Interpolation
Linear Interpolation consists of any programmed points linked together by straight lines,
whether the points are close together or far apart (Fig. 11). Curves can be produced with linear
interpolation by breaking them into short, straight-line segments. This method has limitations,
because a very large number of points would have to be programmed to describe the curve in
order to produce a contour shape.
Circular Interpolation
The development of MCUs capable of circular interpolation has greatly simplified the
process of programming arcs and circles. To program an arc (Fig. 12), the MCU requires only
the coordinate positions (the XY axes) of the circle center, the radius of the circle, the start point
and end point of the arc being cut, and the direction in which the arc is to be cut (clockwise or
counterclockwise)
PROGRAMMING PROCEDURES
Draw tooling layout sheet showing tools to be used in the program and indicate numbers
for each tool.
Compute the tooling layout sheet by indicating the ordering code for each tool and the
Grade and type of tool and the tool type used.
Input the instruction codes into machine.
RESULT
Thus the constructional features, operations, programming and simulation of XLMILL
CNC milling machines has been studied.
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All dimensions are in mm
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EXPT. NO: 3 PLAIN TURNING & FACING
DATE :
AIM:
To simulate the CNC program for given work piece according to the dimensions.
PROCEDURE:
Move the tool to home position.
Select proper tool according to the required operation.
The program follows absolute positioning.
The input is in METRIC unit.
Part program is written and executed.
The required profile is obtained.
PROGRAM:
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1200
G00 Z2
G00 X28
G94 X-0.5 Z-0.5
Z-1
Z-1.5
Z-2
G01 X27 F100
G01 Z-50
G00 Z5
G01 X24
G01 Z-50
G00 Z5
20
21
G01 X22
G01 Z-50
G01 X28
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
Important CODES used in Part Program

(Diameter of Material reducing from 32 mm to 28, 20 and 10 mm)
(G -Codes Used G01, G90)
(G01 Linear Interpolation)
(G90 Box Turning Cycle)
RESULT:
Thus, the plain facing and turning operations were simulated on the given work piece
according to the dimensions.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1.what are the difference between CAD and CAM?

2.Mention the major components of the CNC machine?
3.What is the expansion of FANUC?
4.What are the important lathe operation?
5.explain about G codes?
6.Mention few important G codes?
7.What is the use M codes?
8.Write about some important M codes?
9.What is the use of box facing cycle?
10.What is the difference between G00 and G01codes?
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EXPT. NO: 4 FACING AND GROOVING CYCLE
DATE :
AIM:
To write a Part Program for the component shown in figure, using linear
interpolation method and simulate the same by CNC Turning.
PROCEDURE:
The required profile is obtained
PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G00 X33 Z0
G94 X-2 Z-0.5 F100
Z-1.0
Z-1.5
Z-2
G28 U0 W0
M06 T03
M03 S600
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G00 X33 Z-19
G75 R1
G75 X20 Z-22 P100 Q1000 F30
G00 X30 Z-22
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

(Material to be removed by facing 2mm)
(G94 Box Facing Cycle)
(G75 Grooving in X-Axis)
RESULT
Thus the part program for the given component is written and simulated to obtain
Facing and Grooving by CNC Turning.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1.Explain about G codes?

5.What is the use of box facing cycle?
7.How to make taper turning in lathe ?
8.What is the code for multiple cycle?
9.what is Fanuc?
10. What is the difference between G75 and G94 codes?
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EXPT.NO: 5 STEPTURNING (CANNED CYCLE)
DATE :
AIM:
To simulate the cnc program for given work piece according to the dimensions.
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM:
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G00 X33 Z5
G90 X31 Z-75 F120
X30
X29
X28
G00 X28 Z5
G90 X27 Z-50 F100
X26
X25
X24
X23
X22
X21
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G28 U0W0
M05
M30

(Diameter of Material reducing from 32 mm to 25 and 20 mm)
(G00 Multiple Turning Cycle)
(G28 Return to Reference Point
(G90 Turning Cycle)
RESULT
Step Turning using Canned Cycle by CNC Turning.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS

2. Define G28 & G90.
9.How to cut the thread in CNC lathe?
10.How to change the tool in CNC program?
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EXPT. NO: 6 THREAD CUTTING
DATE :
AIM: To write a Part Program for the component shown in figure, using linear interpolation
method and simulate the same by CNC Turning.
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X33 Z5
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F70
N10 G01 X20
G01 Z-50
N20 G01 X20
M03 S1200
G70 P10 Q20
G28 U0 W0
M06 T5
M03 S600
G00 X20.5 Z5
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G76 P031560 Q50 R0.1
G76 X18.161 Z-30 P919 Q100 F1.5
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

(Diameter of Material reducing from 32 mm to 20 mm and M20 Thread)
(G -Codes Used G76)
(G76 Multiple Threading Cycles)
(X - Minor diameter 18.161 for M20)
(Z - Length of thread)
(F Pitch of Thread)
RESULT
Thread cutting by CNC Turning.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS

2.Define G76.
14.How to change the tool speed in cnc lathe?
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EXPT. NO : 7 MULTIPLE TURNING CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
DATE :
AIM: To write a Part Program for the component shown in figure, using circular interpolation
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G00 X33 Z5
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F70
N10 G01 X16
G01 Z-13
G02 X22 Z-16 R3
G01 Z-31
G03 X32 Z-34 R5
N20 G01 X32
M03 S1800
G70 P10 Q20
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
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(Diameter of Material reducing from 32 mm to 22 and 16mm)
(G71 Multiple Turning Cycle)
(G70 Finishing Cycle)
(N10, N20 Block Number)
RESULT
Multiple Turning using circular interpolation by CNC Turning.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1. Define G70 & G71.
2. Define N10 & N20.
5.what are the important milling operation?
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EXPT. NO : 8 DRILLING
DATE :
AIM: To write a Part Program for the component shown in figure, using linear interpolation
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T2
M03 S1500
G00 X0 Z5
G74 R1
G74 X0 Z-5 Q500 F60
G28 U0 W0
M06 T4
M03 S1200
G00 X0 Z5
G74 R1
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G74 X0 Z-25 Q500 F60
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

(G -Codes Used G74)
(G74 Calling Peck Drilling Cycle)
(R - Relief amount 1.0 mm)
(Q Depth of cut for each pass 500 microns-0.5mm )
RESULT
Drilling by CNC Turning.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1. Define G74?
11.Define Peck drilling.
12.what are the axes to be considered while writing program for cnc lathe?
13.what is the file extension of CNC program?
14.what are the codes for coolants on or off?
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EXPT. NO : 9 CONTOUR MILLING
DATE :
AIM:
To simulate the CNC program for given work piece according to the
dimensions.
PROCEDURE
PROGRAM:
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G90 G00 X-25 Y-25 Z5
G01 Z-1 F30
G01 X25 Y-25
G01 X25 Y15
G03 X15 Y25 R10
G01 X-15 Y25
G02 X-25 Y15 R10
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G01 X-25 Y-25
G00 Z5
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

(G90 Absolute Co-ordinate mode)
RESULT:
Thus, the Contour Milling Operations were simulated on the given work
piece according to the dimensions.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS

2.Define contour milling?
9.what is the difference between absolute and incremental system?
13.How to change the depth of cut in milling operation?
14.Define G90.
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EXPT. NO: 10 CNC MILLING - LINEAR INTERPOLATION
DATE :
AIM: To write a Part Program for the component shown in figure using linear interpolation
method and simulate the same by CNC Milling.
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G90 G00 X0 Y-25 Z1
G01 Z-1
G01 X-50 Y-25
G01 X-50 Y25
G01 X-25 Y25
G01 X-25 Y50
G01 X25 Y50
G01 X25 Y25
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G01 X50 Y25
G01 X50 Y-25
G01 X0 Y-25
G00 Z5
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

RESULT
Linear Interpolation by CNC Milling.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1.Define G90.
2. what is the pocketing?
13. what are the important milling operation?
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EXPT. NO: 11 RECTANGULAR POCKETING
DATE :
AIM:
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM:
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
M06 T01
G28 X0 Y0
M03 S1200
G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z10
G01 Z0 F50
G172 P0 Q2 R5 X-25 Y-20 Z-4 I 50 J50 K0
G173 P50 S1500 R80 F90 B1200 J60 Z5 T1 I 0 K0
G00 Z10
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
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RESULT:
Thus, the Rectangular Pocketing Operations were simulated on the given work piece
according to the dimensions.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1.Define milling.
2.Define G90.
3.Define rectangular pocketing.
4. How to change the depth of cut in milling operation?
5. .what are the codes for coolants on or off?
6. What is the difference between G00 and G01codes?
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EXPT. NO: 12 CNC MILLING - MIRROR IMAGE
DATE :
AIM:
To write a Part Program for the component shown in figure, contouring
through Sub-program mirror imaging and simulate the same by CNC Milling.
PROCEDURE:
o Move the tool to home position.
o Select proper tool according to the required operation.
o The program follows absolute positioning.
o The input is in METRIC unit.
o Part program is written and executed.
o The required profile is obtained
PROGRAM
G21 G94
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T1
M03 S1200
M98 P1234
M70
M98 P1234
M80
M70
M71
74
75
M98 P1234
M80
M81
M71
M98 P1234
M81
G00 Z5
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
O1234
G90 G00 X10 Y10 Z5
G01 Z-1 F100
G01 X10 Y25
G01 X25 Y10
G01 X10 Y10
G00 Z5
G00 X0 Y0
M99
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(M -Codes Used M70, M71, M80, M81)
(M70 X-Axis Mirror ON)
(M71 Y-Axis Mirror ON)
(M80 X-Axis Mirror OFF)
(M81 Y-Axis Mirror OFF)
(M98 Calling the Sub-Program)
(M99 Exiting the Sub-Program)
RESULT
contouring through Sub-program Mirror Image by CNC Milling.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1. Define M70 & M71.

2. Define M80 & M81.
4. what is the use of F9 key?
16.what is the use of mirroring?
17.what are the functional keys use in fanuc programming?
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EXPT. NO: 13 LINEAR AND CIRCULAR SLOTTING
DATE :
AIM:
PROCEDURE:
PROGRAM:
BILLET X100 Y1000 Z10
EDGE MOVE X-50 Y-50
TOOL DEF T01 D01
G21 G94 G40
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T01
G50 S2000
M03 S12000
G90 G00 X-25 Y-40
G01 Z-5 F40
G01 X25 Y-40
G03 X25 Y-40
G03 X40 Y-25 R15
G01 X40 Y25
G02 X-25 Y40
G03 X-40 Y25 R15
G01 X-40 Y-25
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G02 X-25 Y-40 R15
G00 Z2
M05
G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M30

RESULT:
`Thus, the Linear and Circular Slotting Operations were simulated on the given work
piece according to the dimensions.
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VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS

2.Define slotting.
3.Define G02 & G03.
4.What is the use of F2 & F9 keys?
6.what is the g code for circular pocketing?
12.Define Edge cam.
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EXPT. NO: 14 STUDY OF CAM PACKAGES
DATE :
AIM:
To Study about CAM Packages for Machining
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM):
The computer-aided manufacturing is the use of computer software to
control machine tools and related mac hinery in the manufacturing of work pieces. This is
not the only definition for CAM, but it is the most common CAM may also refer to the use
of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning,
management, transportation and storage. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production
process and components and t ooling with more precise dimensions and material consist
ency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing
waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. CAM is a subsequent computer-
aided process after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering
(CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be input into CAM
software, whic h then controls the machine tool Over time, the historical shortcomings of
CAM are being attenuated, both by providers of niche solutions and by providers of high-
end solutions. This is occurring primarily in three arenas:
1. Ease of use
2. Manufacturing complexity
3. Integration with PLM and the extended enterprise
Ease in use:
For the user who is just getting started as a CAM user, out-of-
the-box capabilities providing Process Wizards, templates, libraries, machine tool k its,
automat ed f eature based mac hining and job function specific tailor able user interfaces
build user confidence and speed the learning curve.
User confidence is further built on 3D visualization through a closer integration with the
3D CAD environment, including error-avoiding simulations and optimizations.
Manufacturing complexity:
The manufacturing environment is increasingly complex. The need for CAM and PLM
tools by the manufacturing engineer, NC programmer or machinist is similar to the need for c
omput er assistance by the pilot of modern aircraft systems. The modern machinery cannot be
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properly used without this assistance. Today's CAM systems support the full range of
machine tools including: turning, 5 axis machining and wire EDM. Todays CAM user can
easily generate streamlined tool paths, optimized tool axis tilt for higher feed rates and optimized
Z axis depth cuts as well as driving non-cutting operations such as the Specification of probing
motions.
Integration with PLM and the extended enterprise:
Todays competitive and successful companies have used PLM to integrate
manufacturing with ent erprise operations from concept through field support of the finished
product. To ensure ease of use appropriate to user objectives, modern CAM solutions are
scalable from a st and-alone CAM system to a fully integrated multi-CAD 3D solution-set.
These solutions are c reated to meet the full needs of manufacturing personnel including
part planning, shop documentation, resource management and data management and exchange.
According to the latest analysis of the CAM software market produced by CIM data,
Inc., Mas ter CAM from CNC Software Inc. with more than 135,000 installations, is more than
twice as popular as its nearest competitor. Master cam is a Windows based CAD/CAM
package for 2-axis through 5-axis milling and turning, 2-axis and 4-axis wire EDM, 2D and
3D design, surface and solid modeling, and 2D and 3D routing. The CAD functions are more
advanced than what is needed to do simple editing of part files for use with the CAM f
unction. Some users say that it is more than they need and that the CAD function is more
design-oriented than machinist orient ed. Other users say that the extended design-oriented
functionality of the CAD package gives them the ability to create complex designs without
having to buy a stand-alone CAD pack age.
ABOUT EDGECAM
EdgeCAM is a complete manufacturing solution to meet all your programming needs,
including Surface, Rotary and Multiplane Machining, 2 and 4 Axis Wire EDM, 2, 4 and C & Y
Axis Turning. With its standard Microsoft Windows interface, EdgeCAM frees you from
learning about and maintaining several different systems, maximising your efficiency in
producing CNC code.
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Before you use the EdgeCAM system and related documentation, you should be familiar with
CAD/CAM systems, equipment, methods and terminology. You also need to have some
experience of the MS-DOS operating system and the appropriate Microsoft Windows graphical
user environment. The complete EdgeCAM system provides:
2D/3D Design and Modelling
2 to 3 Axis Machining
5 Axis Trimming and Deflashing
2 to 4 Axis (C and Y) Multi-Axis Turning
2 to 4 Axis Wire Erosion
Tools, PCIs and PDIs
Editor
Code Wizard
Edge Communications
Main stages in using Edge CAM:
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Key Features of EdgeCAM
Easily creates rendered, 3D wire-frame and surface geometry. Milling, Wire
EDM, Turning and Surface machining disciplines supported.
Supports advanced machine tool capabilities such as thread milling, rotary and
multiplane, C & Y axis. Imports industry standard formats IGES, SAT, DWG,
DXF and VDA.
Operational Programming simplifies the programming task and minimises user
input.
EdgeCAMs Sequence Window lets you delete, edit or re-order machining
instructions simply and quickly, using a tree-view interface.
EdgeCAM Solid Machinist provides the ability to directly load and machine solid
files without the need for translation. Solid Machinist supports both prismatic and
surface milling including multi-plane.
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RESULT:
Thus the various features of CAM packages were studied and understood.
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EXPT. NO: 15 STUDY ABOUT CNC CODE GENERATION
DATE: FOR MACHNING
AIM:
To Study about CNC Code Generation for Machining
SEQUENCE OF CODE GENENERATION
Open solid model parts generated in CAD packages.
Change view - select Isometric and zoom.
Create stock representing the raw billet.
Specify the stock material.
Find 'Features' in the model: holes, pockets and bosses.
Save your work.
Specify a ToolStore database.
Create machining for the features, using operations.
Use Simulator to provide a visual confidence check of your machining.
Edit operations.
Generate the CNC code
Loading the Cad Model

1) In the Standard toolbar (or File menu) click the Open button.
2) .In the Open dialog that appears, navigate to the folder: installation
folder\Cam\Examples\tutorial\Solid Machinist\Parasolid
i. For example:
ii. C:\Program Files\EdgeCAM\Cam\Examples\tutorial\Solid
Machinist\Parasolid
3) From this folder open prismatic milling.x_t
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Selecting the Isometric View
Right-click on the View Caption and in the menu that opens click Isometric.
Zooming In And Out

Enlarge or reduce the size of the part on the screen:
Roll the top of the mouse wheel away from you to zoom in.
Roll the top of the mouse wheel towards you to zoom out.
Creating the Stock
Stock represents the billet of material from which the part is to be machined.
To create the stock:
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1. Click the Geometry menu and click Stock/Fixture.
2. In the dialog that opens make these settings. Click Automatic Stock first.
3. Click OK to add the stock. An outline appears showing added stock.
Showing Translucent Stock

1. In the Display toolbar (to the right of the Standard toolbar) click the Toggle Stock
button. The stock display changes to 'translucent'.
2. Click the button again to switch back (to 'wireframe').
Finding the Features

Features are pre-identified areas of the model that you can base your machining on. To
find features:
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1. In the Standard toolbar check the CPL Selector setting. If it is not Top, click the current
setting and in the list that opens click Top
2. Click the Solids menu and click Feature Finder.
3. In the Feature Finder dialog that opens, make these settings and click the OK button to find
the features.
4. Note how the Features Window is automatically displayed, showing a 'tree' view of the
newlyfound.
Specifying the Material

Speeds and feeds are automatically calculated.
These are based on the material being machined, so you need to specify this:
1. Click the Options menu and click Model.
2. In the Model dialog that opens click Browse.
3. In the dialog that opens scroll down the list in the All tab, then click Steel 150 HB to
select it, then click Select.
4. Click OK to close the Model
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Specifying the Tool Store Database
selecting pre-defined tools from the ToolStore. Using the ToolStore you can access tools
from different databases, and need to ensure you are using the correct one, which is the example
database that is installed with EdgeCAM:
1. Click the Options menu and click Preferences.
2. In the Preferences dialog that opens click the Tool Libraries tab.
3. The Name entry should be installation folder\Cam\tstore\tstore.mdb for example:
c:\program files\EdgeCAM\Cam\tstore\tstore.mdb
If this is not the entry, click the Browse button and use the browser to
navigate to this file and open it.
4. Click OK to close the dialog.
98
Drilling the Hole
Drill the hole through the centre of the part:
1. In the Operations toolbar click the Hole Operation button.
2. The Status Bar now prompts you to 'Select Points'. Click on the Features window tab
and in the Features window rest the cursor on the 1: Through hole feature. The hole
feature in the centre of the part changes colour to confirm where this is.
3. Click on the feature to select it (the hole feature in the part changes colour again to
show this).
99
4. Move the cursor (now a cross) back into the Graphics area and right-click to terminate
the points selection.
5. Now the Hole dialog opens. Leave all the settings unchanged, apart from setting
Clearance to 20. Click OK.
6. The Hole operation is now created. Click the Sequence window tab, then click the '+'
symbol for the Hole operation to see the instructions within the operation. (In the
Graphics Area you see a graphic for the automatically-selected tool. Note how this has
been given the diameter of the hole.)
7. The Status Bar now prompts you to 'Digitise Stock'. Rest the cursor on one of the lines
comprising the top profile of the stock. The line changes colour and the tooltip indicates
'Stock'. Double-click to select the whole top profile. Then right-click to terminate the
100
stock selection. The Roughing operation is now created. The toolpath is displayed on the
part.
8. Click the Sequence window tab. Now click the '+' symbol for the Roughing operation
to see the instructions within the operation.
Rest Roughing the Part

In the previous roughing operation the tool was too large to remove all the material (the
tool could not fit into the pockets, for example). You now 'rest rough' with a smaller tool to
remove this material. To do this repeat the previous Roughing operation, but with slight changes.
Here is a summary, with the changes marked '*':
1. In the Operations toolbar click Roughing Operation.
2. Select the whole solid.
3. Select no boundaries.
4. In the Roughing Dialog, General tab, set Rest Rough to checked *, set Offset to 0.2,
set Digitise Stock to unchecked * (you can leave the other settings as they are).
5. Click the Tooling tab and from the ToolStore select the tool 6 mm Endmill - long
series* (you can leave the other settings as they are).
6. Click the Depth tab and set Clearance to 5, Level to 0, Depth to 0 and Cut
Increment to 2. Click OK to close the dialog and generate the operation (there will be no
prompt for stock).
7. In the Sequence window rest the cursor on 3 Roughing Operation. Tool path for the
operation becomes highlighted
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Machining the Flat Lands
A finishing tool on the flat areas, removing the material left by the0.2 offset in the
previous Roughing operations:
1. In the Operations toolbar click the Flatland Operation button.
2. The Status Bar now prompts you to 'Digitise Geometry to machine'. Select the whole
solid and terminate, as you did as you did before for the Roughing operations.
3. At the 'Select boundary entities...' prompt right-click to terminate without making a
selection.
4. The Flatland Operation dialog now opens. In the General tab make these settings.
(The Stand Off Distance leaves an unmachined border round the flats to be removed in
subsequent Profiling operations.)
102
5. Click on the Tooling tab and from the ToolStore select 8 mm Endmill - long series as
you did before for the Rest Roughing. (Other settings can be left as they are.)
6. Click the Depth tab and set Clearance to 5, Level to -0.1 and Depth to 0.
7. Click OK to close the dialog and generate the operation.
Profiling the Inner Profile (Upper Boss)
profile finish the upper central boss:
1. In the Operations toolbar click the Profiling Operation button.
2. The Status Bar now prompts you to 'Digitise Profile(s)'. Select the feature in the
Features window and terminate as you did when drilling the hole. This time select the 7:
2D Boss feature.
3. After terminating the geometry selection, terminate at the 'Select boundary entities'
prompt without making a selection.
4. The Profiling dialog now opens. In the General tab make these settings.
103
5. Click the Tooling tab and from the ToolStore select the 5 mm diameter
SSM-ZX-2 Flute-5 (other settings can be left as they are).
6. Click the Depth tab and set Clearance to 5, Level to 0, Depth to 0, Cut
Increment to 2 and Cusp Height to 0.
7. Click OK to close the dialog and generate the toolpath.
8. The tool graphic can sometimes get in the way. In the Display toolbar click the ' '
symbol of the Toolbar Properties button and click Hide. Repeat to show the tool again.
Set this as you prefer. With the tool hidden you have an unobstructed view of the part and
its newThe tool graphic can sometimes get in the way. In the Display toolbar click the ' '
symbol of the Toolbar Properties button and click Hide. Repeat to show the tool again.
Set this as you prefer. With the tool hidden you have an unobstructed view of the part and
its new tool path
104
Profiling the Outer Profile (Lower Boss)
machine the outer perimeter of the part. To do this repeat the previous Profiling
operation, but with slight changes. Here is a summary, with the changes marked '*':
1. In the Operations toolbar click Profiling Operation.
2. Select the 2: 2D Boss feature *.
4. In the Profiling dialog, General tab, set: Offset to 0 and Lead Radius 4.
5. In the Profiling dialog Tooling tab open the ToolStore and select the 5mm
diameter SSM-ZX-2 Flute-5. (Other settings can be left as they are.)
6. In the Profiling dialog Depth tab, set: Clearance to 5, Level to 0, Depth to 0, Cut
Increment to 2, Cusp Height to 0. Click OK to close the dialog and generate the
operation.
7. Rest the cursor on the new operation to highlight its toolpath.
105
Profiling the Pockets
Now start to machine the pockets. To do this repeat the previous Profiling operations, but
with slight changes. Here is a summary, with the changes marked
1. In the Operations toolbar click Profiling Operation.
2. Select all four pocket features *. To select all the pockets, click on the 3: 2D Pocket
then hold down the Shift key and click on 6: 2D Pocket.
4. In the Profiling dialog, General tab, set: Offset to 0 and Lead Radius 4.
5. In the Profiling dialog Tooling tab open the ToolStore and select the 3mm
diameter SSM-ZX-2 Flute-3. (Other settings can be left as they are.)
6. In the Profiling dialog Depth tab, set: Clearance to 5, Level to 0, Depth to 0, Cut
Increment to 2, Cusp Height to 0. Click OK to close the dialog and generate the
operation.
7. Rest the cursor on the new operation to highlight its
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Simulating the Machining.
In the Main toolbar underneath the Standard toolbar (or in the View menu) click
Simulate Machining.
As the simulation continues, click the Speed Control button.

In the Speed Control that appears, drag the slider to the left and right to control the speed of the
simulation.
Use these buttons to control the simulation at any time:
107
Editing the Profiling Operation
As used the Operation as a quick way to generate a toolpath using automatic settings. The
simulation highlighted a tool collision, but EdgeCAM allows you to 'fine tune' the operation to
correct this:
1. In the Sequence window, click the '+' symbol of the last Profiling operation in the
sequence. This expands the operation to show the instructions within it. The last
instruction is 'Profiling'. This is the 'cycle', which controls the toolpath.
2. Double-click on Profiling and in the Profiling dialog that opens, click the Links tab
and set (Long Links) Type to Clearance.
3. Click OK to close the dialog. Repeat the simulation and collision has been
eliminated.
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Generating CNC Code
Click the Generate Code button in the Main toolbar, underneath the Standard toolbar
(or in the File menu). A message dialog now tells you that 'This option is not available
in the Student Edition', so this is as far as you can go with the live exercise.
After setting the CNC Name and clicking OK, the code would be generated. With Open
Editor checked, the newly generated code is shown loaded into the Editor application.
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RESULT
Thus the basic study about CNC code generation for machining components of CNC
machine have been studied.
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MANUAL CUM OBSERVATION

Ex. Date Name of the Experiments Page Marks Faculty

2 Part Programming Fundamentals

3 Plain Turning and Facing cycle

4 Facing and Grooving

7 Multiple Turning Circular

10 CNC Milling- linear interpolation

11 CNC Milling - Rectangular Pocketing

12 CNC Milling- Mirror image

13 CNC Milling- Linear and Circular

15 Study about CNC code generation for

MANUAL CUM OBSERVATION

To study the CNC machine components specification, Machine software and

BETWEEN THE CENTRES : 250 mm

SWING OVER CROSS SIDE : 38 mm

OVER BED : 140 mm

SPRRD : 1500 rpm

POWER : Single Phase 230 V DC

Simulation control of X and Y axes

DENFORD FANUC TRAINING PROGRAM:

M01 Optional Stop

CNC program can be divided into three parts they are

G28 U0 W0 - Move the tool to go to home position.

M05 - Stop the spindle rotation.

M30 - Program stop and rewind.

Metal Cutting Parameters for XL Turn

BILLET MATERIAL: Aluminum

Turning 1000-1500 45-55 0.5-1.0

Grooving 600-800 15-55 0.25-0.5

Threading 300-350 --- 0.03-0.04

Fig. 1.The main axes of a lathe or turning center.

We can see the simulation of assigned tool on work piece.

OPERATION OF XL TURN LATHE:

1. Press home button on the operation panel

AXES CONVENTION FOR MILLING

Control format programming through either desktop tutor of computer keyboard.

PREPARATORY AND MISCELLANEOUS CODES

When Editing CNC program, following keys may be used

By pressing the F9 button, Simulation menu is brought upon screen.

Check the whole program for format errors

Fig. 4 Two-dimensional circular interpolation

Start the onscreen simulation of the program

This allows changing the datum position on billet in datum window.

Show Simulation in three dimensional view.

Thus the constructional features, operations, programming and simulation of XLMILL

CNC milling machines has been studied.

Important CODES used in Part Program

(G -Codes Used G01, G90)

(G01 Linear Interpolation)

(G90 Box Turning Cycle)

1.what are the difference between CAD and CAM?

G94 X-2 Z-0.5 F100

G75 X20 Z-22 P100 Q1000 F30

G00 X30 Z-22

Important CODES used in Part Program

(G -Codes Used G94, G75)

(G94 Box Facing Cycle)

(G75 Grooving in X-Axis)

Facing and Grooving by CNC Turning.