International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)

ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2016

Exact solution for the bending deformations of

layered magneto-electro-elastic laminates based on
thin-plate formulation
Mei-Feng Liu

that of a single-phase magneto-electric material with highest

AbstractIn this paper, a rather compact differential magneto-electro coefficient [1]. Due to these multiphase
equation governing the bending behavior of a properties, the MEE material have been found increasing
magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) rectangular thin plate is applications in making efficient smart and intelligent
introduced, in particular, the exact solutions for the deformation structures such as magnetic field probes, electric packing,
response of laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 composites subjected
acoustic, hydrophones, medical ultrasonic imaging and so on.
to certain types of surface loads are analytically obtained. Due to
the omission of the transverse shear deformation and rotatory
For the past few years, systematic investigations either in
inertia assumed in Kirchhoff thin-plate theory, the governing determining the material coefficient of such new type material
equation can accordingly be expressed in terms of the transverse or in analyzing the static or dynamic behavior under certain
displacement only. As a result, the structural characteristics external conditions are vigorously proposed by many
such as elastic displacements, electric potential and magnetic professional engineers and scientists. Li [2] studied the
induction for a magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) rectangular plate average magneto-electro-elastic fields in the multi-inclusion
can be carried out in a theoretical approach. For a laminate embedded in an infinite matrix, and estimated the effective
MEE composite, the material constants can be uniquely magneto-electro-elastic moduli of piezoelectric-
determined by the volume-fraction (v.f.) of the piezoelectric
piezomagnetic composites for both BaTiO3 fiber reinforced
constituent BaTiO3, and are tabulated with 25% offset of the
volume-fraction. According to the specified boundary conditions CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 laminate. It has been shown
imposed on the MEE thin plate, the deformation variations with that the magneto-electro coupling demonstrated by
closed-circuit electric restriction are evaluated analytically in magneto-electro coefficients vary with the volume faction of
the present study. The results obtained in this paper by using the BaTiO3 and have opposite signs for fibrous and laminated
proposed model can be shown to have good agreements with the composites, respectively. Pan [3] obtained the exact solution
other available research works, however, with the advantage for three dimensional, anisotropic, linear
that the present study indeed provides a much simpler way in magneto-electro-elastic, simply-supported and multilayered
seeking the analytic solutions for the interactively coupled rectangular plates under static loadings. It is stated that even
quantities of a layered MEE medium.
for relatively thin plate, responses from an internal load are
quite different to those from a surface load. Chen et. al. [4]
Index TermsLayered structures, Mechanical properties,
Analytical modelling establish a micro-mechanical model to evaluate the effective
properties of layered magneto-electro-elastic composites and
the linear coupling effect between elasticity, electricity and
I. INTRODUCTION magnetism of the MEE composite is accordingly derived. In
their study, numerical results for a BaTiO3-CoFe2O4
It is well-known that structure made of piezoelectric composite with 2-2connectitivi are obtained, and the
materials can produce voltage when external stress is applied, dependences of magneto-electro-elastic coefficients, the
nevertheless, it will also induce stress when voltage difference so-called product properties, of the composite on the volume
is implemented across the structure. Parallel to the fraction of BaTiO3 are clearly depicted. Wang and Shen [5]
piezoelectricity, piezomagnetizm can intrinsically be extended their previous works on piezoelectric media to study
characterized by interactive couplings between system's the general solution of three-dimensional problems in
magnetic polarization and mechanical strain, i.e., in a transversely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic media through
piezomagnetic medium, one may induce a spontaneous five newly introduced potential functions. Chen and Lee [6]
magnetic moment by applying physical stress, or reversely simplified the governing equations of the linear theory for the
obtain a physical deformation by applying a magnetic field. magneto-electro-thermal-elastic plate with transverse
Composites structures consist of layered piezoelectric and isotropy by introducing two displacement functions and stress
piezomagnetic components, which can be referred as one kind functions. In their study, two new state space equations are
of the magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) material, possesses the established while selecting certain physical quantities as the
ability to convert energy of magnetism, electricity or elasticity basic unknowns. Wang et. al. [7] performed a state vector
into another form. The MEE material also exhibits a specific formulation for the three dimensional, orthotropic and
magneto-electric effect which is not appeared in a linearly magneto-electro-elastic multiple layered plate and
single-phase piezoelectric or piezomagnetic material. expressed the basic unknowns by collecting not only the
Surprisingly, in some cases the magneto-electric effect of displacement, electric potential and magnetic potential but
MEE composites can even be obtained two orders larger than also some of the stresses, electric displacements, and
magnetic induction. A boundary integral formulation for the
Mei-Feng Liu, Dept. of Financial and Computational Mathematics, plane problem of magneto-electro-elastic media are
I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan R.O.C, +886-6577711ext.5625,

7 www.ijeas.org
 Exact solution for the bending deformations of layered magneto-electro-elastic laminates based on thin-plate
formulation

performed by Ding and Jiang [8] using strict differential should be noted the relation c11 c12 2c66 for transversely
operator theory. They obtained the fundamental solutions for isotropic material is adopted in the above equation. As it can
an infinite MEE plane in terms of four harmonic functions be also learned from Ref. [11], the reduced extended traction
which satisfied a set of reduced second order partial vectors can be stated as follows,
differential equation for distinct eigenvalues case. Guan and
He [9] derived the fundamental equation for the plane 2 w 2 w
problem of a transversely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic x c11 z
2
c12 z 2 e31 q31
x y z z
media by applying the Almansis theorem and expressed all
physical quantities by four harmonic functions for distinct and 2 w 2 w
y c12 z
2
c11

z 2 e31

q31 , (2)
non-distinct cases.
x y z z
In this study, a rather simple analytic solution for the
deformations of the magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) 2 w 2 w 2 w
xy c66 z z 2c66 z
rectangular plate under certain type of applied loads acting on
xy yx xy
the top surfaces are derived. By imposing the Kirchhoff
u v
thin-plate hypothesis on the plate constituent, the governing Dz e31 e31 33 d33 , (3)
equation in terms of only the transverse displacement of the x y z z
plate can be obtained and therefore a rather compact form u v
indicating the multiple effects between elasticity, electricity Bz q31 q31 33 33 . (4)
x y z z
and magnetism of the plate can be successfully presented. The
MEE plate is chose to be made of the two-layered Meanwhile, the following expression for the electric potential
BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 laminate, which can be thought as a and magnetic potential can be derived,
transversely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic medium and
the material coefficients for such continuum can be expressed 1 z 2 w 1 ( x, y ) , (5)
z
uniquely by introducing the volume-fraction of BaTiO3 in the

layered composite. The corresponding deformation analysis 2 z 2 w 1 ( x, y ) , (6)
regarding the elastic displacements, electric potential and z
magnetic induction of the MEE thin plate is evaluated through where 1 ( x, y ) and 1 ( x, y) represent the variations of
the formulation mentioned in this study. Some comparisons electric field and magnetic field in the thickness direction
with previous literatures are made and great agreements are while the plate is under deformation, and are both
reached which directly validate the proposed simplification independent of z variable.
for the MEE modeling.
In seeking for the solution to Eq. (1), we can assume the
II. FORMULATIONS following expression for the transverse deflection of the MEE
plate,
For a Magneto-Electro-Elastic (MEE) thin plate made of
two-layered BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 laminate, the fundamental
Kirchhoff hypothesis for the small-deflection of simple
w( x, y ) A
m 1 n 1
mn X m ( x)Yn ( y ) , (7)
bending problem can be applied, and thus the transverse shear
where X m ( x) and Yn ( y) are the homogeneous solutions of
deformations and rotary inertias can be neglected, also the
transverse shear strains are negligible. In accordance with the Eq. (1) and can be determined according to the assigned
assumptions that in-plane electric fields and magnetic fields inboundary conditions. Some mode shapes and corresponding
a very thin medium can be ignored [10], that is, only the eigenvalues with respect to commonly seen boundary
transverse electric, E3 , and magnetic field, H 3 , are under conditions are tabulated in Table 1 as a reference. It should be
noted that the mode shapes X m ( x) and Yn ( y) not only
consideration, the following governing equation for the
bending problem can be found [11] satisfy the corresponding boundary conditions but also

possess the intrinsic orthogonality, i.e., we will have
D 4 w E 4 w M 4 w P ( x, y ) , (1) L
X ( x) , if m M
X m ( x) mM , (8)
x
X m ( x) X M ( x)dx m
c11h 3 0
0, if m M
where D represents the plate rigidity,
12 and
e h3 Ly Y ( y ) , if n N
E 31 1 denotes the effective rigidities induced by
12 0
Yn ( y )YN ( y )dy n
0, if n N
Yn ( y ) nN , (9)
q h 3
electricity, M 31 2 is the corresponding effective where Lx and Ly denotes the plate lengths along x and y
12
directions. After X m ( x) and Yn ( y) are determined, we can
rigidities cause by magnetism and P( x, y ) denotes the
further expand the applied load on the top surface of the plate
applied load acting on the top surface. Herein h is the plate
into the generalized double Fourier series as
thickness, 33 33 d332
, 1 (e3131 d33q33 ) and
2 ( 33q31 d33e31 ) are extra-defined parameters aiming P ( x, y )
pmn X m ( x)Yn ( y ) ,
m 1 n 1
(10)
to simplify the derivations; cij , eij , qij , dij and ij are the
in which the Fourier coefficient pmn can be determined as
elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric, piezomagnetic,
follows
magnetoelectric, and magnetic constants, respectively. It

8 www.ijeas.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2016
Lx Ly Case I: Closed-circuit, i.e., ( x, y, h / 2) 0 and

1
pmn P( x, y ) X m ( x)Yn ( y )dxdy . (11)
X m ( x) Yn ( y ) 0 0 ( x, y, h / 2) 0
By substituting Eq. (7) and Eq. (10) into Eq. (1) and By carrying out the anti-derivatives for Eq. (5) and Eq. (6), we
collecting the constant term, we can have the following can have the following expressions for electric potential and
equation magnetic potential as

D E M m4 2 m2 n2 n4 Amn pmn , (12)
( x, y, z ) 1 z 22 w( x, y) z1 ( x, y) 0 ( x, y) (17)
where m and n are the corresponding eigenvalues 2

associated to the specific boundary conditions. Furthermore, ( x, y, z ) 2 z 22 w( x, y) z 1 ( x, y) 0 ( x, y) (18)
the magnitude of the transverse deflection, Amn , can be 2
since ( x, y, h / 2) 0 , after solving the above two
determined, i.e.,
equations, one can get
pmn
Amn

D E M m4 2 m2 n2 n4
.
(13) 1
1 ( x, y) 0 and 0 ( x, y) 2 (h / 2) w( x, y) ,
2 2

Thus we have the exact solution for the transverse deflection

thus the exact solution for the electric potential due to applied
due to applied load

load can be expressed as

pmn
w( x, y ) X m ( x)Yn ( y ) , (14)

m 1 n 1 D E M m 2 m n n
4 2 2 4
( x, y, z ) 1 z 22 w( x, y) 1 (h / 2)2 2 w( x, y) . (19)
2 2
and the exact solution for the mechanical displacements along By the same token, we can have the following exact solution
x- and y- directions can be expressed as for the magnetic potential due to applied load as

w

- pmn
u z zX m ( x)Yn ( y ) , (15) ( x, y, z ) 2 z 22 w( x, y) 2 (h / 2)2 2 w( x, y) . (20)

x m 1 n 1 D E M m4 2 m2 n2 n4 2 2
Case II: Open-circuit, i.e., Dz ( x, y, h / 2) 0 and
w

- pmn
v z zX m ( x)Yn ( y)

(16) Bz ( x, y, h / 2) 0
y m 1 n 1 D E M m4 2 m2 n2 n4
Substituting Eqs. (5)-(6) and Eqs. (15)-(16) into Eqs. (3) and
Table 1: Mode shapes and the corresponding eigenvalues for (4), the solutions for the electric displacement and magnetic
specified boundary conditions induction in thickness direction can be expressed as

Dz -e31 33 1 d33 2 z 2 w - 331 ( x, y ) - d33 1 ( x, y ) , (21)


Bz -q31 33 1 33 2 z 2 w - 331 ( x, y ) - 33 1 ( x, y ) (22)

therefore, the open-circuit conditions will lead to

Dz ( x, y, h / 2) e31 33 1 d33 2 h / 2 2 w - 331 ( x, y ) - d33 1 ( x, y ) 0 (23)


Dz ( x, y,-h / 2) - e31 33 1 d33 2 h / 2 2 w - 331 ( x, y) - d33 1 ( x, y) 0 (24)

and

Bz ( x, y, h / 2) q31 d33 1 33 2 (h / 2) 2 w - d331 ( x, y) - 33 1 ( x, y) 0 (25)


Bz ( x, y,-h / 2) - q31 d33 1 33 2 (h / 2) 2 w - d331 ( x, y) - 33 1 ( x, y) 0 . (26)

In viewing of Eq. (23) through Eq. (26), it can be found that
these four equations cannot provide any information about
determining the expressions for 1 ( x, y ) and 1 ( x, y) , nor
for the terms 0 ( x, y) and 0 ( x, y) . This is because the
variations of electric displacement and magnetic
displacement along thickness direction are vanished under the
Dz Bz
proposed methodology, i.e., 0 , therefore it is
z z
As for the electric boundary conditions and magneto expected to see the linear dependency of these two quantities
boundary conditions specified on the top and bottom surfaces on the z variable. In that sense, open-circuit boundary will
of the plate, there are normally two kinds of cases to be result in a trivial solution with the displacement components
discussed. approaching to zero and makes the expressions of 1 ( x, y )
and 1 ( x, y) being negligible as can be detected from Eqs.

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 Exact solution for the bending deformations of layered magneto-electro-elastic laminates based on thin-plate
formulation

(21) and (22). As a result, two more boundary conditions will the top and bottom surfaces, i.e.
be needed in order to resolve the expressions for the terms ( x, y,- H / 2) ( x, y,- H / 2) 0 . The thickness is
0 ( x, y) and 0 ( x, y) . For that reason, in this study, we normalized as Z z / H , the displacements and electric
dont specifically focus on the open-circuit case and only potential are normalized with respects to their own largest
adopt the closed-circuit boundary condition as our numerical values along thickness direction, i.e., W w / max(w) ,
examples discussed in the next section. U u / max(u ) and / max (u) . The normalized
It should be noted that the in-plane electric fields and
magnetic fields can be ignored if the plate thickness is very distributions for both the transverse and in-plane mode shapes
along with the electric potential for a PZT4 square thin plate
small (e.g. h 10 Lx ), and only the transverse electric field,
are depicted in Fig. 1, as we can detect from this figure, it is
E3 , and magnetic field, H 3 , are related to the electric almost identical to Fig. 2(a) in the paper conducted by
potential and magnetic potential in the follow form Heyliger & Saravanos [13]. Therefore, good agreement has
according to the Maxwells equations. been reached.
1
Ez - z 2 w - 1 ( x, y ) , (27)
z
2
Hz z 2 w - 1 ( x, y ) , (28)
z
in which the terms 1 ( x, y ) and 1 ( x, y) can be determined
by considering the closed-circuit case on the plate surfaces.
By substituting Eqs. (5)-(7) into Eq. (2), the stress
distributions are respectively
x ( x, y, z ) -c11 Amn zX m ( x)Yn ( y ) - c12 Amn zX m ( x)Yn( y)

- e31 1 q31 2 Amn z X m ( x)Yn ( y ) X m ( x)Yn( y ) , (29)

e311 ( x, y ) q31 1 ( x, y ) Fig 1. Thickness distributions for a PZT4 thin plate with
y ( x, y, z ) -c12 Amn zX m ( x)Yn ( y) - c11 Amn zX m ( x)Yn( y) dimension Lx / h 10 , Lx Ly and h 0.01 m subjected to

simply-supported and closed-circuit boundary conditions.

- e31 1 q31 2 Amn z X m ( x)Yn ( y ) X m ( x)Yn( y ) , (30)

Example 1. The second example is an electro-elastic single
e311 ( x, y) q31 1 ( x, y) layer rectangular plate made of purely piezoelectric BaTiO3.
xy -2c66 Amn zX m ( x)Yn( y) . (31) The length-to-thickness ratio and the width-to-thickness ratio
are chosen to be Lx / H 10 and Ly / H 5 in order to
The above equations provide the analytic solutions to the
physical quantities of a magneto-electro-elastic thin plate match the dimension setting in the paper presented by Chen
subjected to surface applied load and can be decided and Lee [6] although this doesnt assure the thin-plate
according to the transverse deflection w( x, y ) and potential requirement to be satisfied. All the surfaces of the plate are
parameters ( x, y, z ) and ( x, y, z) . assumed to be traction free except the bottom surface, on
which a sinusoidal loading
P 0 sin(n x / Lx )sin(m y / Ly ) with amplitude
III. NUMERICAL DEMONSTRATIONS
0 1 N / m2 and mode number m n 1 is applied. In
In this section, some examples based on the proposed
particular, the deformation responses of the plate are
model for the thin magneto-electro-elastic rectangular plate
calculated at the fixed horizontal coordinates
subjected to external loads and closed-circuit electric
restrictions are presented. For the first a few examples, the ( x0 , y0 ) (0.75Lx ,0.25Ly ) . Fig. 2(a)-(f) indicates the
author demonstrates some special cases which have been variations along thickness direction of the elastic
verified in previous research works in order to validate the displacements w , u x , u y , electric potential ( x, y, z ) ,
present study and tell the differences with other available
literatures. magnetic potential ( x, y, z) , electric displacement Dz and
Mode shape validation. Since the mode shape magnetic displacement Bz for such a plate caused by a
corresponding to the free vibration of the MEE plate is of sinusoidal loading on the top surface with all edges
interest due to its importance on the nature and extent of the simply-supported. As we can recognize from these figures,
electro-magneto-mechanical coupling, we first check the the shear deformation is linearly dependent on the transverse
validation of fundamental mode shapes for a piezoelectric deformation and the electric potential reveals quadratic
square plate made of commonly used PZT4 material by variation along z coordinate. These two phenomena can be
utilizing the present model. In order to compare the results also found in both the papers studied by Pan [3] and Chen [6],
with those proposed by Heyliger & Saravanos [13], the see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in their studies respectively. It should be
dimensions of the plate are chosen to be Lx / h 10 , Lx Ly noted that the electric potential and magnetic potential in this
and h 0.01 m , and the boundary conditions are assumed to Dz Bz
case are identically zero due to the fact that 0
be simply-supported around four edges with closed-circuit on z z

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2016
and close-circuit electric restriction is adopted in this paper ( H / 2 z 0 ) whereas the magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 is on
instead of open-circuit one. the top layer ( 0 z H / 2 ), the material constants for this
kind of MEE plate can be found in Table 2 with the
volume-fraction set to be 50% for the lamination case. The
dimensions are Lx 1000 m , Ly 20 m , h 1 m ,
S Ly / h 20 , n 1 and the related physical quantities are
normalized as follows with all of them still remain
dimensional, u / S 3 , v / S 3 , w 100 / S 4 , xx / S 2 , yy / S 2 ,
xy / S 2 , / S 2 , / S 2 , Dz / S , and Bz / S . The
deformation variations of the magneto-electro-elastic plate
due to external load, P( x, y) P0 sin y / Ly , applied on the
top surface with magnitude P0 1 N/m2 are presented in Fig.
3 at the location ( x0 , y0 ) ( Lx / 2, S / 4) . Fig. 3(a)-(h) are the
variations of the elastic displacements components w( x, y )
and u y ( x0 , y0 , z) , electric potential ( x0 , y0 , z) , magnetic
potential ( x0 , y0 , z ) , electric displacement Dz , magnetic
displacement Bz , the normal stress components
11 ( x0 , y0 , z)and 22 ( x0 , y0 , z ) along the thickness
direction with boundary condition to be simply-supported
around four edges. From these figures, we can obviously
observe the interactive behavior between the piezoelectric,
piezomagnetic and magnetoelectric effects for a
Fig. 2. Variations along thickness direction of the elastic magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) plate under mechanical
displacements, electric potential, magnetic potential, electric applied load. If the MEE plate is assumed to be very thin, the
displacement and magnetic displacement for a single layer deformation variations for both the electric and magnetic
BaTiO3 plate caused by sinusoidal loading on the top surface potentials reveal a quadratic dependence on the thickness
with all edges simply-supported. variable, however, for the other related quantities such as
shear deformations, electric and magnetic displacements as
Table 2. Material constants for both laminate and fibrous well as the stress distributions, linear dependence can be still
MEE multiphase composites, partially cited from Buchanan detected.
[12] From now on, the bi-layered BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 laminate
working as a magneto-electro-elastic plate will be discussed
based on the Kirchoff hypothesis and the thin-plate theory.
The simplified governing equation, Equation (1), will be
examined subjected to various kinds of surface applied load,
and the deformation behavior with different boundary
conditions imposed on the plate will also be inspected. Due to
the simplicity of the proposed model, the higher mode
response can be easily performed; therefore, the deformation
variation of the MEE plate with respect to different mode
numbers will be carried out as a reference.
The dimensions of the MEE plate is set to be
Lx Ly H 1m *1m *0.05m unless otherwise mentioned,
however, any kind of dimensions can be applied as long as the
span-to-thickness ratio is satisfying the requirement for
thin-plate theory, i.e., Lx / H 10 . The plate surfaces are
assumed to be traction free except on the top or bottom
surface, on which a z-direction surface load is applied. The
external load can be of any type possibly occurs in the study
of MEE plate, however, in order to observe the variation of
the deformations, three commonly seen static forces are
performed in this paper. They are
Example 2. In this example, a two-layered (1) uniform load, i.e., P( x, y) P0 ,
magneto-electro-elastic plate made of equally-placed (2) distributed load, i.e., P( x, y) P0 X M ( x)YN ( y) and
BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 laminate is then presented. The (3) concentrated load, i.e., P( x, y) P0 ( x - x0 , y - y0 ) .
piezoelectric BaTiO3 is placed on the bottom layer

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 Exact solution for the bending deformations of layered magneto-electro-elastic laminates based on thin-plate
formulation

MEE plate with simply-supported around edges and surface

distributed load P sin( x / Lx )sin( y / Ly ) with respect
to various volume fraction of BaTiO3. As it can be observed,
the concavity for the pure piezoelectric BaTiO3 plate
(v.f.=100%) is uniquely different from the other MEE
laminates with a much higher magnitude. Although the
dependence with respect to z variable remains quadratic, the
electric potential for the MEE lamination with volume
fraction other than 100% reveals a negative sign along the
thickness direction instead of a positive one in the pure
BaTiO3 case. However, the magnitudes placed in order are
25%, 75% and 50%, 0% for the pure piezomagnetic CoFe2O4
case stands zero with no piezoelectric effect due to the applied
load, which is quite reasonable. As for the magnetic
potentials, quadratic relation can also be verified and the
concavity for each case seems to be consistent. The maximum
magnitude occurs in the 25% laminate followed by the 75%,
50% and 0% cases, 100% for pure piezoelectric BaTiO3 case
stays nil with piezomagnetic effect being vanished.

Fig. 3. Variations of the elastic displacements, electric

potential, magnetic potential, electric displacement, magnetic
displacement and normal stress components along the
thickness direction for a two-layered magneto-electro-elastic
BaTio3-CoFe2O4 plate caused by external loading on the top
surface with all edges simply-supported.

The geometric boundary conditions imposed on the MEE

plate can be any one of the combinations for free, clamped
and simply-supported edges; however, in this study, only the
boundary conditions of simply-supported around, clamped
around and cantilever plates are conducted as numerical
examples. It should be noted that the deformation responses
for the MEE plate under static loads will be calculated at a
fixed horizontal coordinate ( x0 , y0 ) , however, due to the
different plate characteristic with respect to different
boundary conditions, the horizontal coordinates will be
various according to the corresponding boundary conditions.
That is, for SSSS plate location is chosen to be at
( x0 , y0 ) (0.5Lx ,0.5Ly ) , for CCCC plate at
( x0 , y0 ) (0.5Lx ,0.5Ly ) and for CFFF plate at
Fig. 4-1. Variation of (a) electric potential (b) magnetic
( x0 , y0 ) ( Lx ,0.5Ly ) . potential for the lamination MEE plate with simply-supported
BCs under surface distributed load.
Fig. 4 (a)-(d) are the deformation variation of electric
potential, magnetic potential, electric displacement and
magnetic displacement for the laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2016
impulse force acting on the location ( x0 , y0 ) , i.e.,
P 1 ( x - x0 , y - y0 ) . The deformation behavior of a
cantilever MEE plate is quite similar to the corresponding one
of a simply-supported MEE plate except for the concavity.
Owing to the different characteristics of MEE plate with
different boundary conditions and subjected to different types
of applied load, the sign change on the concavity is reasonable
and expected.

Fig. 4-2. Variation of (c) electric displacement (d) magnetic

displacement for the lamination MEE plate with
simply-supported BCs under surface distributed load.

For the MEE laminate presented in Fig. 4, the electric and

magnetic displacements, also called fluxes, can be found to be
linearly dependent on the z variable and the slope varies
slightly with respect to the volume fraction of the MEE plate.
However, if we near watch the magnitudes, we can find that
all of them are pretty slim. This is due to the nature of the
material parameter itself, also because of the close-circuit
restriction we impose on the model. Nevertheless, if the
electric and magnetic boundary conditions are chosen
otherwise, the magnitudes for electric and magnetic
Fig. 5. (a)-(b) Deformation variation of electric potential and
displacements may be changed in a different way.
magnetic potential versus volume fraction for a cantilever
Whatsoever, in the present study, only the close-circuit MEE
laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 square plate subjected to unit
thin plate is considered, therefore the author hereafter leave
out all the presentations and discussions for the electric impulse force acting on the location ( x0 , y0 ) , i.e.,
displacement and the magnetic displacement due to their P 1 ( x - x0 , y - y0 ) .
insignificant effects.
Since the deformation variations for the laminate MEE The deformation variation of electric potential and
plates with clamped-around edges and under uniform applied magnetic potential for the 50% laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4
load P 1 N/m2 are quite similar to those behaviors MEE plates subjected to various loads with all edges
presented in Fig. 4, the author therefore skip these two case simply-supported are demonstrated in Fig. 6 (a)-(b). And the
and directly go to the cases for the cantilever laminate and corresponding deformation variations for the laminate MEE
fibrous MEE plate. Also the deformation variations for the composites with all edges clamped are depicted in Fig. 7
electric and magnetic displacements are neglected due to their (a)-(b). Followed by Fig. 8 (a)-(b), the same illustrations for
small magnitudes both approaching to zero. the MEE cantilever plates are provided. As we can see from
Fig. 5 (a)-(b) are the deformation variation of electric these figures, the concentrated applied load always stimulate
potential, magnetic potential versus volume fraction for a much stronger deformation as we expected and followed by
cantilever laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 plate subjected to unit the distributed applied load, uniform applied load seems to be

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 Exact solution for the bending deformations of layered magneto-electro-elastic laminates based on thin-plate
formulation

less operative. Fig. 8. (a)-(b) Deformation variation of electric potential and

magnetic potential for the 50% laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4
MEE cantilever plate subjected to various loads.

Finally, in order to see the influence of mode orders, the

deformation variation of electric potential and magnetic
potential versus mode number for the MEE laminate under
certain applied load are given in Fig. 9 (a)-(b) with all edges
simply-supported, in Fig. 10 (a)-(b) with all edges clamped,
and in Fig. 11 (a)-(b) for the cantilever plate. It should be
noted that some of the mode orders contributes nothing on the
plate deformations because of maybe the symmetry of the
mode shape or the location we calculate at.

Fig. 6. (a)-(b) Deformation variation of electric potential and

magnetic potential for the 50% laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4
MEE plate subjected to various loads with all edges
simply-supported.

Fig. 9. (a)-(b) Deformation variation of electric potential and

magnetic potential versus mode number for the 50%
laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 MEE simply-supported plate
subjected to sinusoidal loading.

Fig. 7. (a)-(b) Deformation variation of electric potential and

magnetic potential for the 50% laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4
MEE plate subjected to various loads with all edges
simply-supported.

Fig. 10. (a)-(b) Deformation variation of electric potential

and magnetic potential versus mode number for the 50%
laminated BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 MEE clamped plate subjected to
sinusoidal loading.

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-4, April 2016
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and magnetic potential versus mode number for the 50% [8] Ding HJ, Jiang AM. A boundary integral formulation and solution for
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The closed form solutions for the bending problem of a Continua. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
bi-layered BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 composite are derived based on a [11] Liu MF, Chang TP. Closed form expression for the vibration problem
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It has been shown that the material coefficients for the plates with embedded piezoelectric layers. The Journal of the
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MEE constituent vary a lot according to the volume-fraction
of BaTiO3 it contains. The deformation variations for the
MEE thin plate with closed-circuit electric restriction are
evaluated with respect to various boundary conditions, and
the effects of the volume-fractions are investigated in detail. It
can be found that the shear deformation is linearly dependent
on the transverse deformation, whereas the electric and
magnetic potential are both of quadratic variation along the
thickness direction. In addition, the deformation behavior for
a single phase material can be found to be quite different from
the multiphase one in either the magnitude or the sign it is
induced by.
The present study provides some commonly seen examples
for the magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) rectangular thin plate
under the action of 3 kinds applied loads, and offers the
discrepancy on the deformation variation of electric potential
and magnetic induction with respect to various typical
boundary conditions. This work proposed a much easier and
systematic way to seek for the analytic solutions for the
deformation characteristics of a bi-layered MEE thin plate,
and should be of interest to someone devoted on the practice
of structure design with the fully coupled medium.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was partially supported by the National Science
Council of the Republic of China under Grant
NSC-95-2211-E327-046. The author is grateful for this
support.

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