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New Era of Life, Singularity and Pakistan

Hassan Rauf
[email protected]
Department of Computer Science, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.

Abstract
This paper discusses the different era of life from the beginning of the universe and highlights the
previous eras. Previous eras represent their age limitations according to the evolutions made in human
history with the passage of time. In this paper the new upcoming era is also discussed that what will be it
in real? Technological singularity is hypothetical technological process to develop the artificial
intelligence smarter than human. In the field of artificial intelligence main purpose and target of all
studies and research to achieve it. This study also reports the position of Pakistan if singularity is achieved
then what will be the status of Pakistan in the worlds economy. Will Pakistan exist on the world map
after the achieving the technological singularity? Will Pakistan meet the world challenges and can move
besides of other countries? What is the role of Pakistan in the achievement?

Keywords: Spike Neural network, Neural Pattern, Molecular Nanotechnology, Genetic Engineering.

Introduction: towards development of super intelligence

and molecular nanotechnology.
The discipline of machine consciousness is
yet in progress to achieve and to make Eras of Life:
machine intelligent in behavior. Artificial First Era (Classical Science mainly Physics
intelligence, machine learning and and Chemistry): According to the majority
consciousness, on one side highlight and set of scientists and engineers they considered
the new level of sophistication and that first era is classical science (Physics and
satisfaction for the development of bio- Chemistry etc.) when this universe came
inspired machine intelligence and into being. In this era the main focusing
consciousness then on other side also force point of scientific theory is atomic structure,
to think, make it safe for the human subatomic particles, their behavior and their
beneficial use. Different models and properties. It is most complex, complicated
framework are given by many scientists and to find and measure the movements of
inventors, some models are spike neural subatomic particles in nature.
network based, some are memories and
emotional modules based, some are based Second Era (Beginning of Life, Human
on cognitive, motivation, implicit, explicit bodys structure and DNA): This time period
processes and some are based on quantum in the universe is started when life came into
level. But no one can claim that the given being on the Earth. Science became more
model, framework or architecture fully bio- and more complex and complicated;
inspired and can create intelligence and organisms are conscious in their self-
consciousness in machine as in human. production and cure themselves. This era of
Technological singularity is hypothetical time is combination of many evolutions and
technological process which leads us generations of human life. In this era, the
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main substance or particle or say basic human, machines may learn from its
phenomenon is DNA of human and its experiences, may think as human do, make
working. Genetic information of human decision about any problem and solve it
body is stored in DNA. well.
Third Era (Human Brain): This era of life Singularity:
is mainly concern about complex living Sixth Era (The Transcendent of Human [1],
organism and evolution of life, which Genetic evolution through molecular
produce the fast control system for human to nanotechnology, [3] Reformation of Human
think about this universe and give raise the Brain or mind artificially [1]): After the
evolution of brain. With brain, organisms success of biological and technological
can change the behavior and can adjust the evolutions, the human civilization will move
environment, and brain learns from the past on towards the finding and exploring the
experiences, the working process of brain is universe, beyond the universe that what is
mind and it can control the whole body happening? and beyond the limitation of
system. In other words, mind is the main and human thinking, by development of artificial
executive control system of human body and and strong intelligence in machines. The
it works according to the neural patterns, the famous author, inventor, and futurist Dr.
relative change of neurons in the brain Raymond Kurzweil name this era of life is
which causes the cognitive process (which is Singularity. Singularity term is used in
the process of thoughts). The source and mainly physics and mathematics, in physics
storage area of information is neural it is used for the centre of black holes
patterns. which is centre of strong force which is
Forth Era (Engineering & Technology): attracting each and every thing towards itself
The climax of evolution of life is the and in mathematics it is used for the
evolution of brain. Brain causes to think function which is infinite in their behavior.
about the surroundings and make sense Singularity is combinations of many
about them by applying the experimental important, complexes, widely use
approach, and make useful technologies technologies and terminologies such as
from those results. Creation or development Artificial Intelligence, genetic engineering,
of technology design is also an evolution. direct brain-computer interfacing, reverse
Technology is dependent of hardware,
brain engineering and ultra high resolution
software, empirical studies and experimental brain scanning by using computer
approach. Currently we are passing in this emulation. Combination of above mentioned
era and now at very this time we are at technologies with different engineering
climax of this era. fields like electrical, mechanical,
Fifth Era (Mergence of Artificial Human mechatronics and biological will raise the
Intelligence in Machines): According to the threshold level of sophistication, which
futurists of science and technology, we have causes the creation of intelligence smarter
just entered in this stage in which than human.
technology will reach at its best level of Ray Kurzweil gives many postulates and
sophistication and become complex, laws for the singularity. One of them as
complicate and comparable to the biological stated, The Law of Accelerating Returns
organisms of human brain. At this stage, we implies exponential- and non-linear growth
are able to merge the human intelligence in in technological capabilities and human
to the machine to become it intelligent as knowledge. Information technologies are
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experiencing superexponential growth since Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined

human economic investment in them as a machine that can far surpass all the
increases as they become more powerful. intellectual activities of any man however
[1] clever. Since the design of machines is one
of these intellectual activities, an
Nanotechnologies play a very important and
ultraintelligent machine could design even
wide use in the development of artificial
better machines; there would then
human brain or constructing the emulation
unquestionably be an intelligence
of brain for the machines. Well structured
explosion, and the intelligence of man
and programmed Nanobots will be
would be left far behind. Thus the first
alternative of human neurons in machines.
ultraintelligent machine is the last invention
By using nanotechnologies, advance
that man need ever make.[2]
nanomachines will be created and this will
lead the human and machine to increase the The British mathematician I. J. Good said
computational power. correctly according to the facts and figure of
the current situation. Think about the
Benefits and Risks:
negative side, firstly human race will
It was a memorable speech in California become more effected and race will wipe
when Dr. Raymond Kurzweil, introduced a out because the machine will get more
human machine. Dr. Kurzweil said that By power than human and a sudden time will
making machines smarter-than-human come when machine will program itself,
intelligence , or by equipping humans make the change in programming and
with devices better than their brains, and, denied to accept the human speech or order
ultimately, transferring human intelligence and make decision according to their own
to artificial devices. wish. So forget the nuclear bombs, think of
This is artificial intelligence, but holds your this that it is more dangerous and harmful
horses because it is very costly and cost for for the human life, for world and for
a week is about 25,000 to half a million universe. The lifestyle of the human will
USD excluding the maintenance cost. Like change, there wont be any heart attack, no
your cells and laptops, it will charge and cancer no disease you will have a shield
without charging you may consider in the against diseases as small as the common
current fast moving time that you are going cold and machine armed men will lose the
to face death, cut off from the life and you human ethics, attitude, behavior, social and
will die sudden socially and economically in moral values.
the society. In an animated movie named These machines also have benefit over the
Nine in which human made the robots and life and death. If you are equipped with this
mechanical men and those robots and kind of machine and at the age of 60-65
machine take over the world and will which is average age limit of human now a
become more power full than human and days, if you feel that you are going to die
human goes to extinct. So, what I think now then you recharge this machine and may live
that in the current situation of the world for over a hundred year or may be more then
when man is enemy of man, it is very hundred year. But a billionaire can only real
dangerous that you are going to armed the buy this machine and make it maintain
brain of man with that machine. A British according to the requirements because its
mathematician named I. J. Good described price is very high.
as all this as intelligent explosion [2] said:
Singularity and Pakistan:
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Pakistan is under progress country in every whether an intelligence explosion of this

field of life either social sciences or natural kind would be beneficial or harmful, or even
sciences. But according to the world plan, an existential threat for humanity.
the existence of Pakistan is more alarming in In the aspect of singularity, for Pakistan it is
the current circumstances. From the creation very difficult to survive in the machine age.
of Pakistan until now, we are unable to The energy crisis of Pakistan are alarming
establish a national policy to meet the world situation because world is going to
challenges. In Pakistan, still we cant transcendent the human and people are still
overcome the main social, economical living in Dark Age without basic needs of
problems and unable to provide the basic life. But it is easy to say that will not exist
needs of life such as food, clean water for on the map of world but reality is totally
life, houses to live safe, education, per different but on the cost of pains and drastic
person income, electricity, natural gas, a situations.
well structured infrastructure for a good life.
Still we didnt set the national objective. Discussion:
In Pakistan, the main hindrances and factors For the creation of intelligent and
which hamper in the progress are dual consciousness in machine it is very
education systems, elite class economy, lack important and essential to find the right way
of awareness, absence of knowledge, lack of in which objective can be achieved. Super
political vision, insecurities, injustice, non- intelligence and molecular nanotechnology
serious attitude and put down back our may be alternative of human intelligence or
Islamic traditions, ethics and moral values. more power full. Technological singularity
Pakistan is rising in research field; e. g a is only way in which human intelligence can
method has been discovered to deliver the be merge in to machine intelligence. It is
drug for the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain very important to understand and simulate
and spinal cord at a time for the treatment of the human brain. Human consists of almost
patient of brain tumors by Pakistani ten billion neurons and each neuron make
neurosurgeons. In scientific knowledge and the connection with neighbor neurons and
technological development Pakistan is much no of connections can be vary according to
behind as compared to the other countries. the situation which is facing currently.
Developed countries are about to enter in the Simulations of ten billion neurons need very
fifth era as mentioned in the above and we large capacity of memory in computer which
are finding out just that where are we going. is almost million of gigabytes. According to
the futurists such a high capacity of memory
Conclusion: is available in second or third decade of the
This study reports the new era of the life running century. After the successful
which is going to start after few years. New simulation of human brain, it is quite
era of life is the age of technological possible to develop the humanoid. [1]
singularity. Moores law depicts that the All of above the singularity is used for the
number of circuits become double with the Black Holes. To solve the mysterious
passage of each year. But Kurzweil phenomena and beyond the universe
postulates a law of accelerating returns in scientist, engineers and inventors have
which the speed of technological change manufactured the high energy producing X-
increases exponentially. The Singularity will ray machine named Z-machine [4]. Pakistan
allow us to transcend the limitations of our is nuclear power and made many
biological bodies and brains. It is unclear achievements and inventions which are
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important for its survival. Singularity term is

not fixed only for the field of computer
science, Artificial intelligence or machine
consciousness but it is for every field of
science and technology [5].
References
1. Singularity is Near by author Dr.
Kurzweil.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technol
ogical_singularity.
3. Repturing the Nanotech Repture
publish in proceeding of IEEE by
Richard A.L. Jones / June 2008.
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/z-
machine.
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/achieve
ments_and_inventations_of_Pakistan