SOLUTIONS MANUAL TO ACCOMPANY AN INTRODUCTION TO MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [New York + Chichester + Weinheim + Brisbane Singapore * TorontoCCopright © 198 by John Wily & Sons, Ie. ‘Excerpts fom tis work maybe eprducel by instracons {or ditbuion ona not-for-profit bas fr etng insrtonal purposes only 0 stdets enol in cours for which the texbook hasbeen adoped. Any other reproduction or tronlation ofthis work beyond that ‘perited by Sections 107 0 108 of the 1976 United Sates Copyright det without the permission othe copyright ‘ovner tual. Requests or permission or farther ‘information shoud be addressed 0 the Permissions Department Jon Wiley & Son, In, 605 Third Avenue, ‘New Fork, NY 10158-0012 ISBN 0471-24495-7 Printed inthe Unite Stats of America loo 7654321 itd ad dy Maly LidiaPREFACE TO THE SOLUTIONS MANUAL TO AN INTRODUCTION TO MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER by ‘STANLEY MIDDLEMAN {In what follows I have provided solutions to most of the problems in this text. Some are too long to be assigned as homework and test problems. These are more appropriate as ‘examples for discussion sessions or lectures, as time permits. Before the se of solutions to each chapter I provide alist of problems indicating the section of the chapter that each problem most closely relates to. Of course, most of the problems build on eater basic material to which the students must refer. Stanley MiddlemanCHAPTER 2 Zl: Ip we assume that the distance trom the wet and of the capillary to the dey (exposed) end 15 con stank (gwen as Oem) then this problem is the same as bhal brealed m Example 2.11(~.a). We can beam with the concentration prople , given UEQAZtrIL | emt fac ase ve al od + L qi We assume that any water vapor that reaches the end 2=l 5 swept away 20 who Phe ambient (deyd arr. Hence we astume %ar=0. At the wet end (2-05, the mole traction Xa, of water vapor m ar wall be token as the partul pressure Xp, ~ Pose . ES em¥E _ 9.023 Protat 760 mm Hg To ped the molar plox we vse Eq, 2.118 :-@ = — CDas dx, Naa + ~ ep Qe) = - Pee TE (i To ped dua/de, werte Eq. {tas An SEA = BJ NEA and Phe dyyerenbute Tam Tamas fo ped ~ dea 2 LEM de Hence, prom Eplal we tind Nye 2 Pas Pol tate - aed aa (za) = FEI? Smt We are gwen Dag =O.3 mls, L=10 em, so we Fas We SL pee arte ey2.1 conted Tws is he molar clue To qet the moler cake eL evaporation we need the cross sectional area ot Fhe tube i A= Bd™= Boot = 285 x 10% emt Hence the molar rate a NLA Rote = 29x10 8(2.85% 6%) =2.3 x10 mal We want 40 pnd the time gor 1 gram of water te evaporate through thy tube. gh \8 = 0,056 rels H.0 ra Sunce the evaporation cate u constant, the. vequired time 1 $= 22056 mols = 24K 10's = 760 years | 2.3510 * mal 4 Answers ike this should trigger alarms. Our every-day experence u that water evaporates nohceably over a perved of days, al most. \s some Hning wrong with ovr model? Letis do a dyperent calevlation, Suppose water were trapped in ths caplary , closed at one end (2-0 and open at Vhe other, of sketched here, How long would t take gor the woter level to fall by | mn Nig Ths would be a volume of approximately (AB A= ON (BER ICT = BBE HITE com? With a densidy of 1 g/em®, Hass is Waid mds Now we pind £= 4H 102.8 «10? = Mxt0?s = 53 he Does this still seem longZleontid The problem with our mtucton heve Hat we apyly 4 to cbsecvatons of large amounts oj water, and partrevlarly to lange surpace areas exposed to the ambient. In the case op a water epill on a surface, which we know Arie qurekly , the resistance 40 evaporation is not mol- ecular Axppusion Mnroegh @ 10 em long path. Our induchon (bared on experrence) relates to ertue tions where convection promdes a much greater vate of evaporation then ditpusion, Coulk we Wave used Eq. 2:24 as a appronimahon and avord some of the algebra? Yes, because ME Ma EL, os bas me Has problem, then Eg, DAW leads 40 Eg. 2.1.24. (The detals are gwen inthe solution +o Prob, 2.2, following.) x10°(0.3) Renee yy A 3D. 2, a¢10 md CD, EAD 4 2 ne SE & which V chentreal to what we found above2.2: Begum uth Eq. 2. dxe ._ Ne de (= ce Boundary conditions are 20 m the form ah 2-0 Harter od Bel CA\though ths ic a I order dyperentul equation, we need 2 boundary conditions becavse Ng unknown at thy poms.) Now we wieqrate both sides between the limits 2) and x, (280 ond 2) —Baf-ay|™ 2 - = pita. ea Nae Pas With the second boundary condi tion, N, = Sn By, hax Hen ~xn fe SSS = Eh be For the case xz, c Zaza mar Hence yy. AC Dry = CBne (tai He2) (Parry When we compare Ets, P2a.I and P22 we see tat The berm m brackets is a “correction” to the simple \imear lux model that holds gor xa cet. Its easy to comgicm that His term is greater than unity, For Khe cose ar =0-! and %ar=0, the berm im brackets is [eG /i-on]ze1 .2.8: Naphthalene (CioHe) consists of two benzene ages From Table 2.2.5 we pind (acm Example 2.2.2, Va = 10(.8)+ 8(3.7)—2(i5 = MTG St mel Note that 30 wos subtracted Crom the dtowe volumes to account for the two benzene rings. For the solvent (ethancl) we use fb =15 (as divectel ow py. 23) and My =46 (since ethanol is C,H.0) With a solvent viceosihy of 0.68 ep, the Wilke-Chang equation (2.2.8) qwes os (at Ts 92° = 825K) 8 [res (46y]"* (325) 68 (46) 24K = LAT KIO) ot Dag = HHI 2 Lat H1o” o 2.2: Beheme acd CHa(CH.),,CO,H has the structure CHEHIDES — Using Table 2.2.3 we pad Va = 2208+ 4ST) 4 TNH ID = 507.8 4 c=0 on i. " on Contribution of O om the cengeboton dD Oi group ef an ocnd For the solvent, ethanol Mu = 46, B=lS and Me = 0.68 ep at 52°C = 225 K, From the Wilke- Chang eqvation 58 (us(4y) are Dig reed co ae 0.68 (soTey* Jono oe = 7.0%! =2.10: In this problem we have quasi-steady duusion across the wall of a eglindreal tube, We Razafatsle| gor the digcuswve clue under these circumstances, But we have @ solution to a problem which 1s very sumler do Phe, Thais m $2.8 (pp. 24-28) and €24 (yp. 20-8!) [See the ERRATA list por changes to p Eqs. 2.4.3, 2.4.4, and 2.4.6) Ch] Jp With the assompton that the mole grac- [Ps tron of Hy ts very small m Yhe glass wall, we 1 have Eq, 2.36 for the mole praction propile, Boundary condctions (Egs. 2.3.4 ond 10) cam be used with the assumptions that the gas phases within and out- side the tube are well-mued. The coepperent we the solobility vate 2 age Coa /Cy where the sub “we can now be used to refer to the glass phase , the sub “g 1s for the outside gas phase, and sub "c” ts the msde gas phase. Hence, let's begm with x, =Adar +B subject to Ha7 HCH ALR, +B ot eT, =ALR +B at r>Ryy Lets simplty the notation slaghtly : eS ER RyeRy KERR, Solving gor A and B we find Eber) aso yn Rs MCs C56, a Gein2.10 contd — The glux of hydrogen mto the mer gas phose is = doa) 2- dn Nar = ~Paam et], Pam Se | R, Re Bot oe - s , Nyy = — Das (Ce-C3) ae and the cate of mplow of neice Ns Ry = Pamec(Cg-Ce 20h (Tas 1s essentally Eq, 23.14 without the assumption Cyr.) In the current problem , Cq-Ce > O. Sime Ket, Ink <0 and so Ry Ce, de./db>0 as we expect. “To solve ths ove, girst write if in Bre porm L2PeekL yyy SEs dz =pdk where gra 2EPamKL 55 1s a constant. No ane Now, lets use partial pressure instead of molar concentration: Cl=Pp/ReT and Cat Py /ReTrw contd Then SP og ad TPs As an wutwl condition take R=O at £=0, The solution is ~ tn Mah . eatin = eats Ln a = pt or | a e We want RUE) over LoD br wn time, 2— 2am MEL 2Dam% © _ 2170.2) gg, 15% e VK Te be 7 eye ey ees Note that por kel hr = 3600s, Bk <=1. Hence a good approximation over the entire time range \s \- B opt since GPa I-pk per pk cer or P= R BE = 3840 borke at0 Le" +3600 Ls] = 1.2010" tow apler hour. Tras 1s only 1"* of the sarhal elervoe total pressure. Hence the total pressure rises \mnear ly grom 10S dore to Lovin x10" torr over a A he wrerval. We conclude thal hydrogen ditpusion does not cavte any signiticant loss of vacuum within the tube.ZMLt From Eq. 2.161 we gind Wee = etx ® Lew /s- atm] e 2d Dag 2aasaio® [eer] 2x Fee] Nolte the unite here 24x10" 16 em® om mole at str by = 2etx10 7% wecles/em? ‘aon For WH, , Ml= 2 glgemole, so b= S.4nib glen ais Vsng Au - 24d, . b= BES 2315" gts gigles atm Whe [ote] est repers to the partial pressure oy Ha mw the ambient gas.Ke ioP@ emt. 28 em? sted Sratm Sane g: ate [om Since the wall thickness is only 5% of the vessel vadws, we will use a planar model Since we ave only mterested mm the By a2enS" tere process upto te time that the in- met arr ferior pressure increases by 10%, Jet's neglect the H, partal pressure inside the vessel, im caleolating the concentration dugperence "drwing” the permeation, How many moles of Hz must enter Hhe vessel to vorse Phe total pressure by l0'le% Swwee the warhol total pressure is 1 dere, the par hal pressure wacide wust ruse to 1 tere of Ha. At Sook Hus ss Cc. P L 10/760 Catenl As BaniO™ ars eg (aRScnMEEn pa" (| eas Srnce V= $wRF = 8E(iv)® = 4200 cm™ | Hhes qwes us 4200 (22% 10) = LAH xT" g-mols, How long does tb take gor Hhis many molt to cross the surpace of the vessel % We have Kop = 10° 22> . More precisely, prom Bre deginvtion of 1K, tne v6 68 free] per cmt aren, per SEE pressure. qralient oP cw? [srr] > le a = 4b x13? g-wels Te area across whieh permeation occers '5 um Re. lp we use the mean surface area im this planar approximation we pnd2AL combed Avea = Am fib aw(i0.25y" = 1320 ewe Me hydrogen partial pressure diperence is BB rt torr = FS xt atm | The pressure gradient (m tis planar apprommation) is 5 107 ot Teenie Hence the melow of hydrogen is 446 016" La-mslel (Tle Tets Ten] * abn 320 Lew] , 10 = 5a 10” gomels ¢ Since we neglect the Ha parhal precure made, The rate of inplow is constant. Hence 1.34 x10" (q-vrols] ax io [IT time = lo% = 22,2608 = 63 he2.13: Begum with Eq, 2.35 apeAbr +B Use. Eqs. 2.2.2 and 10 as boundary conditions: Ak reRag , Ae Keys Cg /C AL FERy, La Mary Cg In what follows we cmplipy the notation elgltly by deprnrng Xmas = Xm and Kayg = XQ From the boundary condctions KC, «aCe Ast =A dR, +8 A ALR +B Ce gy Rin aS - Sa =A bbe pAb Hence A = (0lsCe- XgCg)/C Lk a = Ce Cen HyCy fy Rin ef ede chet Aone anally = K5Ce= 854 Bilriind | ake © bw a Or eo a (fu GC Ln (r/Rewd Garey 7 10 BA) Lk rll be comvenrent, in what follows, to depme Keg = Ke/my (Ths 15 a Hhermodynamre parameter that we must obtam Crom equilibrium dots.) ee . eae ba (v (Rin) \shead (aria) 1+ (esq Oe Be a (23-12 Assume Xa £41, 60 date! _ _ XpDam( XegCs Cs Nal 2am Fe | eo (Dam XegCs Ca ot b TR, ink @ oot243 contd — From the glox we ind the vate: . = ATL Kg Dam (Meg Cs Ca) Rate san LN, a a ann Bast Tris ic the sheady-ctate rate, based on the acemption that Cq is comctant. (t Cy vanes we vse ao quasi-steady analy sis A(CAV) © _ arb tg Dam ( KegCe-C3) ak dak or ah of Vink “Ths veplaces Eq. 2.3.15. To solve por Caley , MisiGgu fi siRoe dds \whegrate prom £20, using Cam Meg Se CyrO at 420, to Eimd Aol E =HaaGs\ sat < Kage ag =~ A(%54C.-C5) where ae tL XG Dan Cael ise ees Cat = aq Ce ey Ce 2 CyB) = Keys (1- 2% Note that a Cll ent/s, te plotted on Fig. P26, The short-time data are at quite well with this value, Also shown is the model vsmg Tyr O12 em*/s. A statstreal pd o these three data pomts would probably yield a value for Dae between there tuo values, SE ond2.16 + From Eq. 2:17, PY = (Ya ~ Fave From Eq. 2.1.8, Cv* = Cava + Ce Ve Using Eqs. 2.1.5 and 6, © =EC, + Ca tCu= + ORL nd = Ve a cvF fe Vn ee ve Ip MyeMee mM, cut = (vat Peve) =m OY Bot p/m=C, so cv* =cv ond Vt2.11: Beg wrth a mass (molar) balance on the liquid phase s -AN where Ve AL us the lyod T (woter) volume, and C, u the molar tliat density of woter, | ° c-8 = Laer". o.056 ts os 1b g/mol ea Z elmo Tee weeter plex s N. Cam we use the appronumation (Eg, 21-24) N= CP BFP Only y aes cere Here , ps \s the mole fraction of water vapor at the water/arr mberjace.We need some liquid /vapor equilibrom dota, We are gwen the mass rate of water te ow, at egulibriom, m the porm of the saturated homdity: Ring = 00183 DMO, od “Z gs web - 0.03 mel Mio e<\ gar “Cray ieee wel ar In the glux equation, C reyens to the yolar density o¢ the vapor (arr) phase Ce = aes abe 1B" es We need the dypasivdy of water vayor m avr, Th is Dre = OZ em™ls ab 24BK and | atin. (See the solukon to Prob, 2.5 for the calculation.) Fonally, IVEY. acd 2 AN = ACDap mas ey Tat = ACY = AN = ACD apm =dh < CDaetas _ 4nd %(0,229(0,03) “1 a Sot SOFGTIey 249x10 @2.18: Ths ts 6 ternary system SiR, Sis TA, wm the gas phase : a (S214, West) Sify, He, and He He “The gas phase will aluas biervers|dilv term Say and Hy, cmce the mole graction of silane enkering is only 2 ‘he. Then assume thet we can describe the duggusion of silane using a guasi-bmarq model (1 Fick's law), Assume symmetry aboot the ane of the tube. For the radial glux, vse the dilute een reks law te form oy Ficks | Na= Dee 6 St ut where %q Si+ 2H, , we get | mole of sold silicon per mole of silane reacted. Hence siheon \s being deposited on the wall at a rate R, , and ths As vm unrts of moles of sold deported (per tune) per vast of surgace area. Ip we multrply by Hre molec vlar weight Mz, we get RMg, as the mass deposition vate (per aread. If we dinde by the mass densrty of sed silreon Qi, we get RaMei/Psc2.18 contd as the volume deposition rate (per area), winch is just Fhe rate of growth of solid grim thickness, since (aren) x (thickness) = volume of cold trl Ip Le the Fhekness of solid grim, dh. OaMs: | _CDaeMar dx, at air an aces, \, ta] From the solution to Eq (3) we sovld get an expression tor the (lux at the surjace, and use Phat wm Eq. [43 The quasi-steady assumption enters only m the assumption that the coating Hnickness Lis always much smaller than R of the tobe. Other wue, we have a tree cheady ctate system here. We assumption (actually, he ctakement that the silane « Wglly diluted (1% wm helium) 15s used to sumpley the radial flux expression, Eq, LID, oleh otherunse would have been Nae =~ Page SA + A(Naye + Nee + Nee) i silane helivm hydrogen We assume no radial slow of Mehum , Niger =O. From the stoichiometry - Rence Nae = — ase b%a ; ey iste OF ‘si We also simplcy Eql2l jas shown above, smee VE Vea = Ur) iL pq ond X eel and Xge!Ql A molar balance om the liquid tnkes the corm dd ae Hoar] = AN, Assume that di/d is small enough that Aypusion Hhrowgh the vapor column is under quasi-sbeady condrhons, Assume that the dypusimg species ts very dilute im the qa phase (ase!) so that we may wodel the diyusive plox by OF = Dac . Dae Fo = Pasks Nao BAA a (Note thal C,,5 Ress ) Lo where > = DasMuaPy ft Paya Ror + ‘ ft -Lostacon = ~ Afb => bE =fae-ae] L, ° be ai Lo=b at £20 (HE-E LP Y- (HL EL)» At : p LY-2ne + (2ut,-Li+ank) =o Lys H- fb ]4n*-4lam-Lt+ ane) = HL (H-Ley*- ak @ The mass evaporation rate 1s Walt) = APas Mae Fy fercaR et Wyld) = ADas Mya Pe RET fleas 2a @2.20: Ina dengn problem such as thu one, there ace several "deqrees of freedom.” Ths phrase really means that we de not have enought impor- maton — nok enough parameters are epeciied — thot we can simply plug numbers mato o mob el and emd the cost of an applreation of ths wsecheade, Wie poms of thus problem is to explore the way we vse a wathematical model as a guide to Hhe evaluation of a design concept. The model on which our analysis based ic the one presented m £24. (See the lut of Ervata gor correction s to thus section o the text. ] The promary result op wherest uy Eq. 2.4.4 Vv ALR _ 2lDajm 6 0 ee de piece where Ca % the molar concentration \ 6 oy the achwe agent m the solvtion RR, with Lhe pber mberwe — nod m the KERR, ber wall, The whl value is Ca=C, at t20, We are told thet Cot Mle (molar). This model is based on a quasi-steady analysis, which 1s probably valid smee changes are very slow. Becavie Dag (solution) = 100 Dam (giber wall) we can assume that the mkerwr concentration CrUd 15 radially omsporm, bud changing uth time We have solved and discussed Hn lind 01 problem om $2.42.20 contid he solution to Eq. Lil is CA z= exe | Babee | lay We have a design constramt thet the haly-lye op the ogent w lobe th, de, Cally = 0.5 at £24BK 3600 « “Wy ZaeDamtn __ 9.64 S requires a z == 0.698 (31 We could now chose R; and Ry (remember, KER /R,) +o sats ty thy equation RY daw = 2% Dante _ 25x15 “Yio (4B « 3600) oes .6eS = 25% 1077 om™ For examyple, values of Ry = 35 10" em (135 ym) and Ry = SSR IO em (Iss um) meet this con- strant, Now, look at a second constramt: We require a release to yield a concentration OL ZO ppmw m I day, Ts is 30 q agent Woe go . a Are den schy 1s Car > PME = Me] 24 2 aed oy \n teems of moles we murh release ata rate suck thet apber | day the concentration of agent wm ar ig Gosrorols agent] _ ggg 19? mals (10% 71.2% 107 fem oor] ae The greenhouse has 210% s? of air or S1e1 ent Hence the required releace is 2.6% 107? (5.2x 108) = O.2 mole of agent2.20 contd THs oaples Phat apter | day, (o-Ca) Vi =0.2 where Ve wREL Usmg Eq. L21 we pnd wRILC, [1 exp( | = 0.2 and £.= 1 doy, But we already have another constramt : Eq. (31 requires 24 Pam ty RL oh 9.683 dy Hence (WRPEL)Co | !~ exp(—E=)] = where £,2l day ond by? s ‘days ae constramts require a volume of agenk gwen by wREL = V =o iis GT expe se C44 = - 0.643 The mitial molar concentration Co pollows prom Ce = Ub (molar) = Lrwlagent | Lmel opis! 100 wel Hid 1800 ewm3 Then, wrth tye 2 days and Lye tay, oy a en i es Saxi0" [ln exp (- BOY OL “packaged solution, At a proayected cost ey FAOsIb, Phe v6 1220 em*x 1 $y ¥27b Se * GSH gis and +he cost 16 $400% 2.9 = S100 Its clear that the economic constraint of #15 cannot be met. The cost of delivermg this product fo the customer must be reduced bya factor % 100l2.20 cont'd Instead of alterma varvous design param eters, or relaxmg constramts , by some random or even mtvitwe process, we should use Eq, [4] te examme the wpact of changes on cost. From Eq. Wl we see that V must be redued, and/or the production cost must be reduced. \ssues related to the production cost of 400/Ib are ovtade the scope of ths model. We cam reduce V by wereasing Co. The maximum C. ws the solubrlty lnk of 3% Iw Fhe numerator of Eq (4d, the berm 0.2 could be reduced y the required efpectwe concentra tion mae were reduced prom 30 pymu, [+ would also be reduced ip we used the application m a smaller greenhouse , since the term O20 15 directly proportional to the greenhouse volume, Iw the denomenator of Eq.4, the bracketted teem has the valve 1- exp[- ees Cae DP] = 0.24 2 doy Ip we cam alter the constramts on ty and by, we could merease Hus berm somewhat. It's maximom possible valve wold be umby mstead of 0.24 — another gactor of approximately % m reduction o V, Suppose we can alter the Cormulation so that He gollewing changes occur: © Anew agent te developed with a lygher solubil- why bard wm water — Cee Sle Assume the molecular weight 15 unchanged e The egcectweness is mcreaced so that we require2.20 cont'd only IS ppmw m the ov. Ws re- duces the required release to Os! mls © We mamtam £,= Ida (the elapsed time by which 1 mol musk be released) but we reduce the halp~ tome to v2 day, Now, with these changes , (rom Eq L4] eae nt M 5 (5-6x16") [I~ exp(- ] 8 or (ak *4oo/ib) 442 worth o packaged material. Ik woold still be necessary to cut production costs by a gactor of 3 to meet ne target cost of #5, What alboul toxiaty? The concentration must shay below 150 yymw, With Co = Sx 5.6x 1% wel, and V= 4B em? we have a total of 0.158 mols wm The package. With Myson, bas is IBM g om a greenhouse of 5.110% em} = 68x10 G air, The, maximum possible concentration would be 134 C.Bx OF Hence. tonerty % net a problem. CONCLUSION With Has model we can explore the manner m wlaich changes in design parameters and constramts agpect the economes, =6 2 20K10" = 20 ppmw2.211 In addrtion to the data supplied, we need some concentrations x, BL lain tele a2 Caen = = tx 1o” mel t Rov 82 (248) em 3 al = Pv 550 ay, = Per 2 550 | mar = pit = 7g5 7 O72 nal Har 0 *eat! Te get the molar average velocity Ve = Nae /C we need the plux Naz. We note that Nea =O up, as stated, B is not coluble m hquid A. Ie ta were small we would calculate the flux prom =e Nag = CPae (Har enad/b = HlstorF (0.25)/0.72) = O74 x10* SS But x, 20.72 £0 the apprommation xp_cel 1s not umormly valid. To get the exack clox expression we mort go back to Eq. 2.1.20, The derrwtion is gwen m the solution to Prob, 2.7. The result vo Eq. P2127 Kar _ 41x17 (0.25) p alsue® i 0.28 The error im using the dilute apprommation is a gactor of 3/074 = 18 @ Simce Naz and C are constant along the tube aris Then Ver 1s constant. We drop sub “27 m what Follows.) From Eq. 2.8, V4 = xaVa + pve = TaVa oo thes case Hew wey cove oe Smee Veo, Vs ava (Z.2t contd We want to pind am expression For Wala wn terms of Xp only, Begum wth wareenl or Par tenp Then CyMatCgMg =P Dwrte by C to gel An Ma + 2gMe = PIC From n= Pa/P and zee Caf C we pwnd Be BE or EB Sa, Hence Zn Mn sty Met ZA Mp oe a ae een tee a caeeteeesianel mas nese ne atl any IS Ths lets os werte vageve . ys qe (xa) AS a+ ra from whch we conclude that v vanes uth since Hq varies uth a2 (see Ey. 2.1.21 for x0) However, of Mp = Me , then Vive is constant,2.22: Clarigy that the statement Lo= 10cm vepers to the mital value of Lo Let L,=Lotbhy = 20cm. For dilute steady state dyposion py 2 aCar where Ca, te the molar a LG) concentration of 0 at the water surpace. We need the vapor pressure of water ab 25°C. ln Appendix C , pp 692-653 , we pind sA-ce 210.3—-EHe oe Fhe = Bore 248-46. eer er (248 cm? where © 1s the bywd dennty (ent 3, er ho) bw 2 Da Gs Se =~ ie Pee. (Lei db = adt Mad, where a= —hoAcat “ e AU Lye lbye Lt] eat Es ae Whew lu ga Leer bed” | cram Prve, 266 2 Za. " pe 22°=(20-10) 29 gy tos = 400 b 1g(o.2201.26x15® roses) @ ie Tre solution gor L[4) may be weellen wm the (orm LoD) =U —[ (tebe) 2at]*2.23 A mass balance on solid naphthalene takes the corm 2 (p $e?) = TARE NG May a a for a sphere . STA Alken! site cia ete, a quad aby model and write the molar lux Na Nar using Fick's lau im the gorm Nal, + Nal = Thee el (2) But dag/de repers bo the concentration prople uw the gas phase. We need the analog to the analysis m £2.32, but m gpherieal coordinates Instead of Eq. 2.3.3 we have Hore Ng ie F- ATDygC dae = constant Ths pellows Erom the statement thet in the (ques) steady state, the rate ot wlich moles cress any spherveal boundary , of area 4ie*, i dtr Nay and must be constant y no reactions occur me the gas phase. “Then 1? dt _ constant =a so dX de 7 rt or Xe For boundary conditions we assume thal ~~ 9 gor ¢—moo, At the solid bovadacy we take an = Prop /P. Trem the solution gor apalrd that satispres these conditions is p= Aan & — and hence N Dao tan ‘8 fe al Se ase +b22S contd Then, from Eq, (17, dR __ DawCXanMw md sR, ot 20 (Seo cae | |” e We solutionis 2 e(RI-R") =DgC Zan Mu t Te lose 87.5% of mehal mass, the volume must be reduced to the came extent. Let Ry be the radius at this tone, Then (R,/R,)P= 1-0. 815 = 0.12 and R= (oizsy"*R,= OS R, . Tes oceurs ab the Fime pL ae(RE-RE) _ pee Li-vos"] FO DyeC Xan Mw Dy C Xan Mw For Xan, note thot the vapor pressure yw gwen at Rap TOT mm He at 28°C , 50 an. = Pap/P = 007/160 = E2xw «41 “ap and C= BL ee sal oS Ret ~ e2(23+23d eon With Dg = Bx 156 Be 0.08 SE Myr 128 pal Gruso iis 2, ROS ew we pak ya Cuisile.sy 078) 2 a peio's 75h $7 9,08 (into (2610 )2B e