SAP Hybris Commerce,

Architecture and Technology

Table of Contents
Overview 3 3rd Party System Integration 15
Architecture Overview 3 Built-In RESTful Web Services 16
Frontend Layer 4 Spring Integration & Java Message Service 16
Business and Persistence Layer 5
Operations 17
Database & Application Server Environment 6
Minimal & Typical System Infrastructure 17
SAP Hybris Commerce: Best of Both Worlds 7
Persistence Cache 18
Development 8 Typical Oracle RAC / MySQL Setup 19
Easy to Install and Run 8 Session Failover 20
Easy to Develop for 8 Virtualization 20
Easy to Configure 8 SAP Hybris Commerce in the Cloud 20
Java Frameworks, Libraries and Standards 8 Multi-core Performance 21
Monitoring the Running System 21
Customization 9
Performance Monitoring using dynaTrace 21
Flexible Business Objects Using an MDA Approach 9
Adding or Replacing Services in the Service Layer 9 Security 22
Creating new Extensions 9 Role Creation 22
SAP Hybris Commerce Accelerator 10 Securing Your Web Application 22
Events 11 Securing Your Model 22
Internationalization 11 Securing Your Data 22
Multi-catalog Support 11 Audit Trails 23
Multi-language and Multicurrency Support 11 Authentication and Authorization with LDAP 23
Cockpit Customization 12 PCI Security 23

Integration 13 Summary 23
Data Validation 13
Data Integration 14
Data Integration via Data Hub 14

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 1

Executive Summary
Changing customer behavior, rising competitive technology standards, SAP Hybris enables you
pressures, emerging technologies and globalizati- to shorten project ramp up times and accelerate
on are all forcing organizations to rethink how they project implementations, as there is no need for
serve their customers and do business. Conse- extensive training of your IT teams. The SAP Hybris
quently they must adopt more flexible business Commerce offers single system for managing pro-
models, add new sales channels and interact with duct content, commerce operations and channels
customers in new ways all of which increase the on top of the SAP Hybris Platform. Thus helping
complexity and demands of managing businesses retailers, manufacturers and others to create a
successfully. unified and seamless cross-channel experience
for their customers from online, to in-store, to
In order to be able to handle this complexity while mobile and beyond.
at the same time lowering costs, improving custo-
mer service and increasing sales, different depart- Relying on the SAP Hybris Platform, our custo-
ments and subsidiaries often start implementing mers are able to support their businesses and
ad-hoc disparate IT solutions. These provide no easily integrate with their existing systems; they
single view of customers, products, inventories or are able to improve functional productivity, redu-
marketing information, which is scattered across ce costs and increase revenues. Also they have a
organizations and systems. Missing data, insuffici- future-proof technical foundation for growth which
ent collaboration, duplications and uncoordinated helps them in gaining competitive advantage and
activities lead to inefficient marketing and revenue delivering even more innovative capabilities.
losses. The organization struggles to manage their
This document will give you a technical overview
multiple business models, sales channels, cus-
of the SAP Hybris Platform. We first discuss the
tomer interactions, transactions and processes.
key software layers and architecture. Next, we
Additionally, their systems are often rigid, preven-
show you how easy it is to get started with our
ting customers from quickly delivering innovative
software and what standard software libraries
features to gain competitive advantage.
we chose to use. We then introduce the various
Due to the open and extensible architecture of the options for customization. For example, this in-
SAP Hybris Commerce platform, customers are cludes our MDA-approach for the data model and
able to easily extend and customize the data model the usage of the Spring Framework for extending
and the business logic to optimally fit their busi- or replacing core business services. Integration
ness requirements. Furthermore, using popular options with external systems are discussed next.
We cover our built-in options such as automa-
tically generated RESTful web services for the
data model as well as custom integration options.
Finally, we provide several insights into managing
operations and securing the SAP Hybris Platform.

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 2

Overview
This section will give you a broad overview of the SAP Hybris Commerce architecture. Later we will dive into individual topics,
but before we do this we would like you to understand the lean and lightweight approach we have taken for the design of the SAP
Hybris Commerce. You will find out that our architecture is based heavily on Spring1, an open source framework primarily known
for its dependency injection (DI) and aspect-oriented programming (AOP) features. The SAP Hybris Commerce extension concept
is based on this Spring foundation and allows the SAP Hybris Platform to be highly extensible and flexible as you will see.

Architecture Overview
The execution environment for the SAP Hybris Platform is a may also choose to overwrite existing functionality. Extensions
Java EE Servlet Container, for example Apache Tomcat2. The are either provided by SAP Hybris as part of the purchase of a
platform and all extensions to it are running within the Spring module or written by yourself, in which case we call this ex-
environment, which allows easy wiring and configuration of tension a custom extension. An extension may simply provide
each component. It provides generic logic such as security, additional business logic without exposing a visible UI or it
caching, clustering and persistence. A SAP Hybris Commerce may also contain a Java Web Application, that for example
module, such as the Customer Support Module, will typically exposes RESTful interfaces or a HTML-based UI that can be
result in one or more extensions being added to the SAP used via a standard web browser.
Hybris Platform. Each extension may add additional services
in the form of Spring beans to the global application context or

D FRO
EN NT
EN
D
T
ON

ON EXT
FR

SI EN
SIO
FR
N

N ON
TE

TE
EX

EXT
EN ND
SIO
N
EXT
EN
SIO
EXTENSION

PLATFORM

EXT
ENSION

Figure 1: Architecture overview of the SAP Hybris Commerce Figure 2: The SAP Hybris Platform is based on the Spring
Framework

1
Spring Framework, http://spring.io/
2
Apache Tomcat, http://tomcat.apache.org/

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 3

Frontend Layer
As we mentioned already, an extension may include a Java
Web Application. A natural framework choice to realize this
web application in our Spring environment is to use the Spring
2. Service-oriented web applications typically implement
web service endpoints. The clients of these web
services are often mobile devices, but may also be other
MVC Framework, but technically any Java Web Framework presentation-oriented web applications (e.g. Ruby on Rails-
such as JSF or Struts may be used by our clients. based web applications) or other 3rd party systems. The Omni
Commerce Connect (OCC) web services for example offer a
We distinguish between two types of web applications:
RESTful web services API and therefore can be considered a
service-oriented web application.

1. Presentation-oriented web applications are geared

towards web browsers and will typically generate
dynamic HTML markup. If you choose to offer a web-
SAP Hybris Platform is completely open to whatever frontend
technology you prefer. You may choose any Java-based
based store, you will either adapt one of our templates
web application framework which will allow you to directly
(see for example the Accelerator template) or create this
interface with the business logic APIs (so-called ServiceLayer
web application from scratch. You are free to use whatever
API), or you may choose to use a non-Java web technology,
markup and combination of technologies you like, for
run your web application on remote systems and integrate
example we recommend Spring MVC, HTML5, CSS3 and the
these web applications using web services. As Figure 3 shows,
jQuery Javascript library. The client will later use a standard
web applications can either be developed using Java (Spring
web browser (desktop or mobile) to interact with your web
MVC, JSF, others) or any other non-Java technology like a
application. The Backoffice Administration Cockpit, a back-
Rails-based front end that communicates with SAP Hybris
end UI used to administrate the SAP Hybris Platform, is a
Commerce via web services can be used.
good example of a presentation-oriented web application.

Figure 3:
SPRING MVC
Each extension to the
SAP Hybris Platform may
EXTENSION include a Java-based web
application
EXTEN

PLATFORM
SIO
N
N
IO

NS EX
XTE TE
E NS
F ION
JS

RA
ILS

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 4

Business and Persistence Layer
To interact with the SAP Hybris Platform and all services The persistence layer offers a similar concept to Hibernate,
offered, an extension uses the ServiceLayer API. This in that the mapping between business objects and database
API consists of a set of services, managed by the Spring tables is taken care of behind the scenes with an ORM (Object-
environment and includes all business logic that the SAP Relational-Mapping) framework. However it is more flexible
Hybris Commerce offers. The SAP Hybris Platform and each as it seamlessly and immediately supports all new custom
extension may add services to the ServiceLayer, in which case business models that are created by our partners.
all other extensions can use these services. Each service has
a clearly defined Java interface and custom extensions can The clear separation of the SAP Hybris ServiceLayer API and
easily add new services to the ServiceLayer or customize and SAP Hybris PersistenceLayer API is very beneficial when it
replace existing ones. comes to testing. Each layer can be tested in isolation, which
significantly reduces the time and setup cost for the tests.
Another key feature of any extension is the ability to add or
modify business objects to the global SAP Hybris Commerce If an extension also contains a web front end, the web front
data model. The data model is defined in XML and can easily end will have its own private Spring application context.
be adjusted to your specific needs. Using this Model Driven This allows you to separate the specific concerns of the web
Architecture (MDA) approach, our customers have full application from the rest of the business logic that your
flexibility in designing their data model and do not have the extension provides. The web application context of a web
need to wrap meaningful properties of a business object in application can still access the full ServiceLayer API.
general-purpose containers. All applications that are built on
top of this flexible data model, such as the Product Cockpit
that is used to manage product data, automatically adjust to it.

SERVICE LAYER

PERSISTENCE LAYER

EXTENSIONS

Figure 4: Two key parts of the SAP Hybris Platform are the Service Layer and Persistence Layer

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 5

Database & Application Server Environment
When it comes to the overall execution environment for When it comes to the database management system (DBMS)
the SAP Hybris Platform, our product is shipped with SAP Hybris actively supports Oracle4, MySQL5, Percona XtraDB
preconfigured Tomcat server. This allows our partners to Cluster, SAP HANA DB or Microsoft SQL Server6. The SAP
quickly setup new systems and is often also the choice for Hybris persistence layer is designed in a way that it does
production systems. The SAP Hybris Commerce build process not use vendor-specific features such as triggers or stored
will create the required Enterprise Application Archive (EAR) procedures. This is very beneficial in case a client would like
for you. to switch to another supported database.

The usage of Java and the JVM implies that these containers
are able to run on any operating system, such as Microsoft
Windows, Apple Mac OS X Server or various other Unix-based
operating systems.

Oracle
SQL Server

MySQL
SAP HANA DB

Apache Tomcat/
VMware, vFabric, tcServer

Figure 5:
SAP Hybris supports popular data-
bases and servlet containers

4
Oracle Databases, https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html
5
MySQL, http://www.mysql.com/
6
Microsoft SQL Server, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/sql-server

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 6

SAP Hybris Commerce: Best of Both Worlds
You typically need to decide whether you want to realize your SAP Hybris solution will finally result in a lower total cost of
product using green field development or want to buy an ownership (see Figure 7). Compared to a project by one of our
out of the box solution. Both choices have advantages and competitors, the implementation cost will already be lower
disadvantages. Green field development typically involves high due to our highly flexible and extensible architecture. As our
risk, high cost and will take considerably longer than an out- software makes better use of the provided hardware, overall
of-the-box solution. Yet out-of-the-box solutions often are too lower operational costs occur over the years after implemen-
inflexible and have limited extensibility. In addition, they tend tation. Finally, upgrading to a new major release with SAP
to result in a lot of vendor lock-in. Hybris Commerce is easier and can often be completed within
days rather than weeks.
SAP Hybris offers a solution, that tries to minimize the disa-
dvantages of both solutions while maximizing the advantages To make things even more simple, we introduced the SAP Hybris
by using our carefully chosen design approach. The SAP Commerce Accelerator, which helps our partners to further
Hybris Platform and its modules are built for extensibility reduce the time and cost required for ecommerce projects. A SAP
and flexibility. Existing features can easily be customized or Hybris Commerce Accelerator application is a best-practices
completely replaced. Our solution offers you a shorter time to reference implementation and allows our partners to reduce the
market and is based on standard technologies for which it is implementation time to 3 4 months for a typical client project.
easy to find developer support.

COMPETITORS

SAP HYBRIS Lower implementation cost

ACCELERATOR

Major upgrades free

Lower migration cost

COST

TIME Lower operational cost

Less hardware / infrastructure SW

Figure 7: Total cost of ownership

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 7

Development
Easy to Install and Run
SAP Hybris Commerce software is easy to install and run. SAP Easy to Configure
Hybris Commerce installation is a ~2.0GB file. Once unzipped
Our platform and all extensions are configured via text-based
into a local directory, the only requirement to run our software
properties files (one main properties file for the platform and core
is an up-to-date Java installation (currently Java 8 is required).
extensions) and XML-based Spring configuration files. Instead
Without any other configuration, the system will start using a
of using XML-based Spring configuration, you may choose to use
file-based DBMS (HSQLDB7), which is great for the develop-
annotations for your custom extensions. One area where this is
ment phase. Later, in production, the same code that runs on
particularly well suited is the frontend layer of a Spring MVC-
developer machines will also run on the server machines, but
based web application.
in this case of course with a DBMS solution like SAP HANA DB8.
While we encourage our partners to use annotation-based Spring
A typical startup of the preconfigured SAP Hybris Tomcat server
configuration, the SAP Hybris Platform itself uses XML-based
takes less than 30 seconds.
Spring configuration. This provides benefits for partners as the
configuration required is more centrally located and can be iden-
tified and changed more easily.
Easy to Develop for
We do not believe that special tools and IDEs should be required
to customize our software. Therefore, any Java IDE can be used Java Frameworks, Libraries and Standards
for development. We recommend the open source and free
The SAP Hybris Commerce builds upon many well proven and
SpringSource Tool Suite9, but developers are free to choose
widely adopted frameworks most notably Spring, ZK Frame-
other IDEs (IntelliJ IDEA, Netbeans, or specialized versions of
work, Angular JS and JUnit. Basing our architecture on such
Eclipse).
solid foundations brings several benefits: our partners are al-
ready familiar with many of these and thus avoid steep learning
curves, SAP Hybris can focus on its areas of specialty rather
than reinventing the wheel, SAP Hybris can incorporate the nu-
merous latest advances from each framework to bring the best
products quickly and efficiently to market.
Many of the frameworks, libraries and standards that we use
can be seen in Figure 8.

Figure 8:
Frameworks, libraries and standards
used in the SAP Hybris Commerce.

PLATFORM

7
HSQLDB, http://hsqldb.org/
8
SAP HANA, https://hana.sap.com/abouthana.html
9
SpringSource Tool Suite, http://spring.io/tools/sts

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 8

Customization
Many parts of the SAP Hybris Commerce can be deeply customized, Adding or Replacing Services in the Service-
if you wish to. The business model for example is very flexible and Layer
can be tailored to your exact needs using an MDA approach. Each
service that is exposed in the ServiceLayer can be customized or As SAP Hybris uses the Spring Application Framework, it is very
even completely replaced. Our partners use the same extension easy to add or replace existing services in the ServiceLayer. By
concept that we use internally to extend our platform to build the replacing default services, you are free to use any specific imple-
omni-channel solution for their customers. Our own extensions mentation.
make use the Spring Event System, which makes it easy for partners
All a developer needs to do is follow these easy steps to replace
extensions to be notified about what is happening in the platform.
an existing service in the ServiceLayer:

1.
For a partner, to create a new custom extension, SAP Hybris offers Find the service interface and Spring bean definition you
easy to use tools that will generate all boilerplate code required for wish to replace
an extension.

Of course SAP Hybris is also strong in internationalization. The

default business model supports multiple languages, currencies and
2. Implement the new service using the same Java inter-
face. Your new implementation can internally forward
some of the method calls to the old, still available service or
sites. Even our built-in back end UIs cockpits can be customized replace the logic completely.
to fit your own specific needs.

3.
Replace the alias of the service in the Spring configuration
file and point to the new service implementation bean.
Flexible Business Objects Using
an MDA Approach
Creating New Extensions
SAP Hybris uses an MDA (Model Driven Architecture) approach when
it comes to modeling the business objects. The result is a business To create new extensions, hybris includes a command-line tool
model that exactly fits your needs and does not require you to wrap called extgen. It can be used to create completely empty exten-
any relevant data in meaningless container structures. According to sions or to create template extensions that already offer certain
the defined business model, SAP Hybris Platform will automatically functionality. These templates currently include:
generate the business objects and any back-end application like the
yempty a default template for any type of extension
Backoffice Administration Cockpit will adjust to it.
The business objects can be specified either via UML or XML and ybackoffice a template for a backoffice extension
will then be automatically generated during the build process. All
ycockpit a basic template for a cockpit extension
required ORM setup for managing these objects is generated too, as
well as the database schema needed to store it. Business objects are yaddon a basic template for an AddOn extension
simple POJOs which automatically benefit from the SAP Hybris Plat- ycommercewebservices a basic template for an extension
form core services such as caching, clustering, personalization, and that uses the Omni Commerce Connect web services
internationalization support, and are accessible via the SAP Hybris
back-end applications like Backoffice Administration or Customer SAP Hybris Commerce Accelerator templates a set of
Support Cockpit. reference extensions for Accelerator applications (see the
next section for more details)
The following code snippet is an excerpt of an items.xml file. It shows
the XML-based format in which business objects are defined.

<itemtype code="Product" extends="GenericItem">

<deployment table="Products"
propertytable="ProductProps"/>
<attributes>
<attribute qualifier="code" type="java.lang.String"
generate="true">
<persistence type="property" qualifier="Code"/>
<modifiers read="true" write="true" search="true"
initial="true"
optional="false" unique="true"/>
</attribute>
...
</attributes>
</itemtype>

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 9

Once an extension has been created, it needs to be included into
the SAP Hybris Commerce build cycle and also loaded during
server startup. To achieve this, the extension is simply added
to the localextensions.xml file, which is part of the SAP Hybris
Platform.

Figure 9 shows an example localextensions.xml file and how it

maps to a directory structure in the file system.

hybris
bin
ext-accelerator
ext-addon
ext-backoffice
ext-channel
cscockpit
instore
mobileoptionals
mobileservices
ext-cockpit
ext-commerce
PLATFORM ext-content
ext-data
ext-platform

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<extensions>
<extension dir="${HYBRIS_BIN_DIR}/ext-channel/cscockpit"/>
<extension dir="${HYBRIS_BIN_DIR}/ext-channel/instore"/>
<extension dir="${HYBRIS_BIN_DIR}/ext-channel/mobileoptionals"/>
<extension dir="${HYBRIS_BIN_DIR}/ext-channel/mobileservices"/>

Figure 9: </extensions>
Each extension is referenced from localextensions.xml

SAP Hybris Commerce Accelerator

The SAP Hybris Commerce Accelerator is a standard solution
that integrates best-practice omni-channel commerce capabili-
ties.
It is a ready-to-use framework built on top of the SAP Hybris
Platform and it includes numerous extensions from the SAP Hy-
bris Commerce Suite. It can easily be used by our partners using
the extgen commandline tool. The hybris Commerce Accelerator
applications are a best-practice reference implementations and
allow our partners to reduce the implementation time to 34
months for a typical client project. We're constantly extending
the range of our Accelerator portfolio for different industries and
verticals. For example, there are ones for B2B and B2C sectors;
as far as industries are concerned, you can choose from Travel,
Figure 10:
Telco, Financial Services applications.
One of the Commerce Accelerator storefronts

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 10

 Internationalization
Each of the Commerce Accelerator applications include exten- The SAP Hybris Commerce provides numerous ways for you to
sions that offer ready-to-use storefronts and use state-of-the- localize and personalize your application including:
art web technologies such as Spring MVC 3, the Blueprint CSS
multi-catalog support,
framework and the jQuery JavaScript library.
multi-language and multicurrency support,
The commercefacades extension that is included in the Acce- and multi-site support.
lerator applications comes preconfigured with features such
as internationalization and Apache Solr Search. It provides a Multi-catalog Support
coarse-grained interface which is ideal for creating custom web
services on top, e.g. for mobile clients. Our partners have full Many of SAP Hybris customers deal with multiple catalogs,
access to the source code to customize this template to achieve which share much common data yet have their own focus,
the final result. target audience and language. SAP Hybris Commerce provi-
des powerful support for such cases by allowing customers to
specify multi-level hierarchies of catalogs in which the child
Events catalog(s) will inherit the parents settings by default, all of
which can be overridden if desired (similar to inheritance in
SAP Hybris uses Spring event handling support to publish and re-
Object Oriented Programming). This is a huge time saver in the
ceive various Spring-related and custom events. As each extensi-
content management domain as it allows our partners to specify
on becomes part of a global application context, an extension can
shared or common data in the parent catalog, and specify just
easily listen to all these events or publish its own, custom events.
the changes in the child catalog(s). The inheritance rules from
SAP Hybris uses this observer-style event handling throughout a parent to child catalog are specified in SAP Hybris Commerce
the platform, for example session or model lifecycle events are synchronization rules, which can also be used for synchronizing
being published. In a cluster setup, these events can be also staged catalogs with their online counterparts. A customer can
propagated to other cluster nodes. for example update and modify a staged catalog until it is ready
When you create your custom extensions, the built-in event for release, and then apply synchronization rules to update its
handling support is a powerful feature enables you to react to respective online version. It is also common for our customers
activities happening in the system or to inform other compo- to run these synchronizations as cron jobs, an approach that is
nents via custom events. fully supported by SAP Hybris Commerce.

Multi-language and Multi-currency Support

The majority of SAP Hybris customers require extensive inter-
nationalization support, not just for their presentation layer and
printed products but also for their business objects. At the last
count more than 80% of our customers support more than one
Figure 11:
Spring events are used throughout SAP Hybris Platform

SERVICE LAYER

PERSISTENCE LAYER

EXTENSIONS

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 11

language or currency in their SAP Hybris Commerce implemen- The Product Cockpit is shown below. All SAP Hybris Commerce
tation. We support and extend the native Java internationalizati- cockpits are based on the ZK framework and Angular JS can
on framework allowing complete control over the localization of be customized at various levels by our partners. The Product
business objects, currencies, numeric fields, dates etc. Ad- Cockpit allows users to browse, modify and add products to the
vanced options include language-fallback mechanisms, which system. Should the user be assigned administration rights, they
offer greater flexibility than Javas own fallback logic. We can for are also able to modify the configuration of the cockpit itself,
example specify that if a text variable is not available in German, changing for example the attribute groupings, allocating new
then we should fallback to US English. attributes to a group or reordering attribute lists directly within
the cockpit.
Internationalization has not been patched as an afterthought to
our business model design, rather it has been integrated from While the Product, WCMS, and Print Cockpits offer intuitive and
conception, and it is consequently completely embedded into the high-level control of their data within the system, the Backoffice
business models. Each attribute of a business object be that Administration Cockpit offers finer-grained control of all data
one from SAP Hybris Commerce, or one added by a customer and operations, relating to all areas of the SAP Hybris Commer-
is therefore localizable should you wish. In conjunction with ce. On the left of the Backoffice Administration Cockpit is an
the synchronization rules mentioned earlier, our customers can (XML-configured) tree providing access to all areas of the SAP
easily and effectively support and synchronize multiple catalogs in Hybris Commerce. One can for example examine and modify
multiple languages and locales. cron jobs, import and export data, modify facet searches, all from
within the Administration Cockpit, and all in a consistent and in-
tuitive manner. Should a partner introduce their own cockpit, the
Cockpit Customization Administration Cockpit provides complete control over its layout
Based on the modules you have purchased, your SAP Hybris and functionality. Finally, the layout of the Administration Cockpit
Commerce will include extensions that offer various front ends itself is guided by an XML file, and by modifying this (either within
to the backend user. We will introduce only some of them here to or outside of the Administration Cockpit) one can totally control
give you an idea: what should be displayed where and how within the Administra-
tion Cockpit itself.
Product Cockpit Module enables cockpit end users to man-
age and structure product information and catalogs
Customer Experience enables the end users to manage
website pages, providing them with intuitive graphical way of
data presentation and management.
Backoffice Administration Cockpit is the graphical user
interface of SAP Hybris Commerce and offers finer-grained
control over the users data

Figure 12:
Main areas of the Product Cockpit

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 12

Integration Data Validation
Integration challenges typically include bulk data import/export Implicit data validation is built into any SAP Hybris Commerce
operations and 3rd part/remote systems integration. In this sec- business object via the ServiceLayer APIs. This validation support
tion we will present how SAP Hybris partners typically solve these is based on JSR 303 (Bean Validation) but adds run-time support
integration challenges and what SAP Hybris offers out of the box for managing the validation constraints. This makes it possible to
to enable integration. define the validation constraints for each business object in the
Backoffice Administration Cockpit and have them immediately
Before we dive into these challenges though, we will explain SAP take effect in the Product Cockpit without restarting the SAP
Hybris validation support. In the end, both data and process inte- Hybris Platform. You can see how validation errors are visually
gration may change the data stored in the SAP Hybris Commerce. highlighted in the Product Cockpit in Figure 14.
It is of great importance to keep this data consistent and valid,
which is why the hybris ServiceLayer includes a customizable
ValidationService.

IDATION
VAL

csv

bulk data
PLATFORM
n
atio
ntegr

raw
Spring I

bulk data
SOAP/REST

xml

bulk data Figure 13:

Common integration challenges
include bulk data and 3rd party
export systems integration

3rd party
systems:
CRM
3rd party
systems:
ERM

VALIDATION
constraint violations
indicated by visual
color cues in the
Product Cockpit
Figure 14:
Data Validation in the Backoffice
Administration Cockpit

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 13

 Data Integration via Data Hub
The validation constraints can be grouped into attribute-level, ty- As companies embrace customer-centric, omni-channel
pe-level and dynamic constraints. Attribute-level constraints are strategies, many organizations continue to be met with major
attached to single attributes, such as a credit card number field. obstacles when it comes to integrating disparate systems and
Type-level constraints allow you to validate multiple attributes at more importantly the data they share. Executing a comprehen-
the same time; an example would be the validation of the postal sive omni-channel strategy requires companies to assimilate
code and city field for a customers address business object. massive amounts of data data that up to now would be stored
In this case a type-level constraint can ensure the postal code in multiple external systems with varying data models into a
entered fits to the city name and vice versa. Finally, the dynamic single platform.
constraints allow our partners to validate based on the outcome
Traditional data imports between third-party systems, such as
of a BeanShell script which completely opens up the logic used.
ERP, and commerce solutions often require custom-built inte-
grations that are costly both to develop and to maintain. New
Data Integration models for customer engagement and omni-channel commer-
ce require new solutions that reduce time-to-market and total
To import and export data SAP Hybris Commerce offers the cost of ownership, and allow for greater flexibility.
ImpEx engine. ImpEx is capable of importing bulk text data files.
If the format available differs from the CSV-based ImpEx format, The Data Hub for SAP Hybris Commerce provides a flexib-
open source ETL tools such as Talend can be used to first trans- le, scalable, and service-oriented solution to simplify data
form the data into ImpEx format. ImpEx will finally interact with integration efforts (import and export) between a SAP Hybris
the service and persistence layer to write the data to the databa- system and external data storage solutions and systems, such
se. This workflow is shown in Figure 15. as ERP, PLM, CRM, and so on. Data from various sources
can be consolidated and prepared for loading into SAP Hybris
Commerce.

Data fragments can easily be consolidated and grouped. Also,

users can create categories and assign data accordingly. The
raw Data Hub is based on RESTful web services that allow organi-
ETL zations to run as many Data Hub servers as they like. The Data
tool Hub recognizes and logs incorrect and incomplete data and
xml returns it to its data pool for repair and resubmission.

The Data Hub supports batch and message driven integra-

csv

Figure 15:
IMPEX Importing and exporting of data using ImpEx engine

SERVICE LAYER

PERSISTENCE LAYER

DATABASE

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 14

tion and uses Spring Integration for message handling and The Data Hub Adapter serves as the central interface between
supporting all Spring transport modes. It transforms data the SAP Hybris Platform and the Data Hub.
from the Raw Model (simple, flattened view, matching inbound
With the Data Hub being fully extensible, SAP Hybris partners
data; schema-less definitions; fragmented data) to a Canonical
can quickly and easily build their own extensions and can
Model (ideal representation of domain object like "customer";
manually define data models, model transformations, grouping
independent of source and target structures) to the target
patterns, import and publication interfaces.
model (in this case: the SAP Hybris Commerce data model).

DATA
SOURCES

DATA HUB

ADAPTER

DATA
HUB
Figure 16:
The Data Hub imports and exports data between SAP Hybris
Commerce and external data storage systems.

3rd Party System Integration

To connect with external systems (e.g. ERP, PLM, CRM systems)
there are 3 common options:

SOAP/RESTful web services

Spring Integration
Java Message Service

Spring Integration offers a wide array of integration options

and is our preferred solution when it comes to asynchronous
integration. JMS is another popular solution for asynchronous
integration.

Synchronous integration is typically achieved via SOAP/RESTful

web services. While partners are free to build their own web
services in custom extensions, the SAP Hybris Platform
automatically generates RESTful resources for each business
object, which is often an excellent integration option.

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 15

Built-In RESTful Web Services Spring Integration and Java Message Service
Built-in RESTful web services are generated transparently with Spring Integration provides an extension to the Spring
each build process. Each single business object defined in the programming model to support the well-known Enterprise
XML-based definition files (items.xml) can automatically be Integration Patterns. It enables lightweight messaging within
accessed via the SAP Hybris Commerce WebService API. Our Spring-based applications and supports integration with
WebService API includes CRUD access for all business objects, external systems via declarative adapters. Those adapters
support for collection paging and attribute selection. The API uses provide a higher-level of abstraction over Spring support for
the standard Accept header to enable content negotiation and uses remoting, messaging, and scheduling.
XML and JSON resource representations. The SAP Hybris role-
based security mechanism is also used for the API access, which To make it as easy as possible to use Spring Integration, the
means that only API calls that adhere to a certain user group will be SAP Hybris Platform already includes all required libraries.
granted access. To reduce bandwidth, the API also supports ETag- In addition, SAP Hybris provides special support classes
based caching. for sending Spring events to integration channels and for
triggering processes based on incoming messages.
The following simplified HTTP request and response shows
how all User business objects can be requested via the RESTful In addition to Spring Integration, a SAP Hybris Commerce
WebService API: extension may also use Java Message Service (JMS) to connect
with external systems. JMS is a proven technology for sending
GET /ws410/rest/users HTTP/1.1 messages to one or multiple clients.
HOST: localhost
Accept: application/json

{ "uri" : "http://localhost:9001/ws410/rest/users",
"user" : [ {
"type" : "employeeDTO",
"uid" : "admin",
"pk" : "8796093054980",
"uri" : "http://localhost:9001/ws410/rest/employees/admin",
"loginDisabled" : false },
{ "type" : "customerDTO",
"uid" : "anonymous",
"pk" : "8796093087748",
"uri" : "http://localhost:9001/ws410/rest/customers/an-
onymous",
"loginDisabled" : false } ] }

Service
Activator

Message Handler

Figure 18: Data

Spring Integration offers many integration options, among them message-based, asynchronous channels

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 16

Operations
In this section, we will discuss various topics that deal with All these components (web server, application server and data-
or affect the running of SAP Hybris Commerce software. We base) can initially be executed on the same physical hardware.
will first outline typical system infrastructures. Next the SAP Of course, this setup would not include any redundancy and is
Hybris Commerce persistence cache is explained. We present therefore not suitable for production but rather a theoretical
common database setups, including MySQL and Oracle RACs. setup used to introduce the various system components. As
Further, we will discuss system failover behavior for clustered with any multi-tier architecture, it allows to scale in a relatively
infrastructures and the possibility to run SAP Hybris commer- simple way. The components can be split out to individual ser-
ce products in the cloud as well as virtualized environments. vers and later multiple instances of each component can run in
Finally we will look at performance benchmarks and explain a clustered setup, which we will look at next (Figure 19).
how a running SAP Hybris Commerce system can be monito-
red. The application servers are responsible for all dynamic content
generation and business processes and therefore consume
most processing power. To enable the SAP Hybris Platform
Minimal & Typical System Infrastructure to scale in such a scenario, SAP Hybris provides the Cluster
Module.
As seen in Figure 19, the minimal system infrastructure invol-
ves a web server, application server and a database engine. Before new instances for web servers, application servers
An appropriate firewall needs to be setup to safeguard these and database servers are added, a load balancer needs to be
systems from attacks. configured and will later interface all web request. The load
The primary purpose of the web server (often Apache HTTPD) balancer will use sticky sessions to direct all web traffic of a
is to serve all static content and redirect requests for dynamic user session to the same set of web and application servers.
content to the application server. Often, the web server is also This guarantees that the in-memory state of each application
configured to provide other functionality such as logging. server does not need to be persisted in the database, which
Requests for dynamic content will be forwarded to the appli- would result in significant additional traffic to the database.
cation server (e.g. Apache Tomcat). It is the application server
where the SAP Hybris Commerce is being installed and where The cluster setup is completely transparent to the developer
all business processes are running. and integrated seamlessly with the native SAP Hybris caching
The persistence layer of SAP Hybris Commerce will use the system.If the instances are installed in a local network, UDP
configured DBMS to persist and retrieve all data.
s
es
cc
tA
rne
Inte

FIREWALL

WEB SERVER
Serves static files,
directs dynamic requests
to app server
e.g. Apache HTTPD

APPLICATION SERVER
Serves all dynamic requests
e.g. Tomcat

DATABASE Figure 19:

Data storage Minimal System Infrastructure
e.g. MySQL

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 17

 Persistence Cache
broadcasts are used to communicate among the nodes. If instan- The caching mechanism is part of the SAP Hybris Platform persis-
ces of SAP Hybris Commerce are run in the cloud, UDP broadcasts tence layer and reduces the amount of database queries. Besides
will be blocked and therefore TCP will be used to communicate the overall lean and efficient architecture, it is another reason why
among the nodes. The information that needs to be exchanged SAP Hybris Commerce has greater performance per single server
among the nodes is cache invalidations for business objects that node than our competitors. The persistence cache transparently
are stored in the local caches of each instance. Once data on one caches search results and business objects in memory. The SAP
node has changed, this information needs to be sent to all other Hybris cache can be split into multiple regions and the exact busi-
nodes so their cache entries can be invalidated and the data can be ness objects that are allowed to be cached for each region can be
reloaded from the database once again required. specified.

The database setup for scalability depends on the DBMS chosen. QUERIES/
For Oracle RAC setups, the Oracle JDBC driver will transparently Cache Region ENTITIES TYPES RESULTS
distribute the JDBC calls to the cluster nodes and no special SAP
Hybris Platform setup is required. In case of MySQL, a master/slave Eviction Strategy LRU FIFO LRU
approach is used and the master and slave databases need to be Size 100 000 50 000 20 000
configured in the SAP Hybris Platform.
Figure 21: SAP Hybris cache regions can be flexibly configured
s
es
cc
tA
rne
Inte

FIREWALL

LOAD BALANCER
uses sticky sessions

WEB SERVERS

APPLICATION SERVERS
hybris cluster setup

DATABASE SERVERS
Oracle RAC Cluster
Figure 20:
Scaled system infrastructure

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 18

This allows our partners to fine-tune a running system and to make If multiple database instances are required and MySQL is chosen
sure that certain business objects are cached for a longer time as the DBMS, both MySQL and the SAP Hybris Platform need to be
while other objects will be removed more quickly due to a limited configured in a master/slave mode. The configuration, which can be
cache size. The eviction strategies that we support include least enabled with a couple of lines in the SAP Hybris Platform text-based
recently used (LRU), least frequently used (LFU) and first in first out configuration files, will make sure that all write operations will be
(FIFO). The default cache implementation is using the open source delivered to the configured master database. The MySQL master
Ehcache project. will then propagate all changes to the slave databases. The slave
databases are only used for read operations, which for a typical
application is the majority of all operations. Figure 23 shows the
Typical Oracle RAC / MySQL Setup MySQL Master/Slave setup.
A common database setup is the Oracle Real Application Clusters
(Oracle RAC). The JDBC URL that needs to be configured in SAP
Hybris Platform needs to include all RAC nodes that should be
used. The Oracle JDBC driver will then transparently distribute all
database calls (Figure 22).

Figure 22:
Oracle RAC setup

ORACLE JDBC DRIVER

HANDLES BALANCING

4 ORACLE 11G RAC INSTANCES

UNDERLYING STORAGE

Figure 23:
MySQL Master/
Slave setup

READ/WRITE
Transactions
User Account change
etc.
READ
Display product
Detail page
Search
MASTER
etc.
propagates changes to slaves

SLAVE

SLAVE

SLAVE

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 19

Session Failover SAP Hybris Commerce in the Cloud
SAP Hybris Commerce installations can be configured for partial or With the SAP Hybris Commerce Cloud, a fully functional omni-
full session failover. The result is that other cluster members will channel commerce platform that can be deployed in the highest
be able to serve data in the event that the original cluster node fails. quality private cloud environment, you have the flexibility to run
Partial session failover will use a persistent Cart business object. In any business model, and easily scale to support your transaction
case of a failover, the cart and all associated business objects (cart goals while meeting the highest traffic peaks. We take care
content, user object, etc.) can be restored from the database and of the hardware, software, and all operations. We help you
another cluster node can serve the requests. It is unlikely, that this improve operational efficiency and scalability and maintain high
failover behavior will be recognized by the user, as other state such availability and security. Additional services will help you cope
as the order progress cannot be stored in the database. with growing traffic during surge events, so if you plan to execute
To achieve full session failover, Oracle Coherence10 or Tomcat Session large campaigns, for example, the solution can adjust and scale
replication must be used. For instance, Oracle Coherence will horizontally to accommodate the increased traffic.
distribute all session information to the other nodes so that another
The natural successor to virtualization on single computers
node can fully take over after a failover. While this represents the
has been the emergence of the cloud paradigm the offering
best behavior possible, it means additional hardware requirements
of virtualized massively scalable and complete infrastructures,
(memory) and cost (license cost).
by vendors such as VMWare, Amazon, Google and Microsoft,
configured and accessed over the internet. Amazon has adopted
the term elastic compute cloud EC2 to emphasize how easy
Virtualization
and fast it is to grow or shrink ones infrastructure in this fashion.
With the emergence and wide-scale adoption of infrastructure
In a virtual cloud, one can easily scale the configuration
virtualization, SAP Hybris has ensured that its solutions are fully
horizontally to cope for example with heavy traffic over Christmas,
compatible with this paradigm, and includes for example tests
and then just as easily reduce it once traffic has again decreased.
against VMware and Microsoft HyperV in its continuous integration
An increasing number of diverse pricing schemes are also
test suites.
emerging for cloud usage, for example paying on an as-use basis,
By moving ones infrastructure from real hardware to a virtual paying to reserve computer space on the cloud for the next year,
infrastructure, partners can change infrastructure within minutes or bidding for computer power on the cloud at some point in the
rather than days or weeks. This proves invaluable for running and next week.
testing SAP Hybris Commerce in differing topologies quickly and
Two main causes of concern among companies new to the
flexibly.
cloud are security and assurances of quality-of-service. As their
SAP Hybris Commerce is actively testing and supporting the existence depends on it, companies that implement clouds have
VMware (vSphere 5) and Microsoft Hyper-V (2008 R2) virtualization aggressively addressed the issue of security, and one can now
environments. Based on our load tests, we recommend to use usually deploy to a cloud in the knowledge that their security is
VMware, which results in ~10% overhead. better than your own. With regards to quality-of-service, Amazon
EC2 for example has a Service Level Agreement of 99.95%.

Figure 24:
Virtualization overheads

APP SERVER DATABASE

Physical

VMware

Microsoft HyperV

10
Oracle Coherence, http://www.poweredbypulse.com/

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 20

 Monitoring the Running System
SAP Hybris Commerce is fully tested in cloud scenarios, and has To monitor a running system, SAP Hybris Commerce supports
Presales and Sales Demos for this purpose, so partners can be JMX (Java Management Extensions) and exposes several beans
assured that the journey to the cloud with SAP Hybris Commerce by default. This includes beans to monitor the cache, running cron
is an easy and proven one. These demos are built using our jobs, data sources and sessions. You can use any standard JMX
turn-key cloud instances, which can be quickly configured and client such as the Oracle JConsole to monitor the system.
deployed, thus setting up a complete SAP Hybris Commerce
configuration in minutes. Besides supporting JMX, we also recommend to use hyperic for
infrastructure and application monitoring.
SAP Hybris current cloud-based solutions see the cloud simply as
a virtual infrastructure, an approach called IaaS Infrastructure
as a service, which is to be contrasted with PaaS and Saas
Platform as a service, and Software as a service. SAP Hybris
will continue to expand its cloud-based solutions across all three
areas.

Multi-core Performance
Critical areas of SAP Hybris software are carefully designed
to enable full use of multi core systems. For example catalog
synchronization or data import via the ImpEx engine will
automatically be run multithreaded. Multithreading is completely
transparent to the developer or system integrator. We have
optimized and tested our software to take best advantage of Figure 26:
Java Monitoring and Management Console
modern multi-core CPUs.

Performance Monitoring using dynaTrace

20 Each SAP Hybris Platform ships with a limited license for dynaT-
18 race11 which allows our partners to make performance profiling
16
an essential part of their development process and save time due
14
to the early detection of performance issues. dynaTrace can also
12
be integrated when running continuous or nightly builds and is an
10
excellent solution for monitoring the running system. Once acti-
8
6
vated in the SAP Hybris Commerce configuration, you can directly
4 launch dynaTrace dashboards from the SAP Hybris Administration
2 Console. You can either view the reports in the browser or start a
Java Web Start client.

number of cores
Figure 25:
Multi-core performance

Figure 27:
dynaTrace performance monitoring

11
dynaTrace for Java, https://www.dynatrace.com/technologies/java-monitoring/

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 21

 Figure 28:
Security Topics

Security Securing Your Model

Security is of paramount importance for any software product and Similarly, once we have access to the user's role(s), SAP Hybris
in particular for web-based software that is available to anyone system will control the Create, Read, Update and Delete opera-
with an internet connection. SAP Hybris places a huge emphasis tions on the underlying data models. This is performed not only by
on securing its software and addresses a number of areas inclu- using Spring security mechanisms but also by using SAP Hybris
ding those illustrated above. Platform FlexibleSearch filters.

The FlexibleSearch service is a feature of SAP Hybris own ORM

Role Creation framework and can convert a high-level query statement involving
business objects to a lower level SQL statement. It is possible to
The foundation upon which all security decisions are made is set up a so called FlexibleSearch filter that specifies a predicate to
user roles, one or more of which can be assigned to each user to be appended to the WHERE part of the resulting SQL statement
best match your business model and business process. Roles can when executed by users with certain user roles. This then ensures
include for example Sales department, Corporate marketing, that users belonging to those roles are incapable of retrieving,
Customer. The role-user mapping is often stored on a partners modifying or deleting any objects in the database that do not
LDAP server but could also be contained for example in their SAP satisfy that predicate.
Hybris Commerce persistence model or a service in their Service-
Layer. Using the Backoffice Administration Cockpit, SAP Hybris
partners can create a variety of hierarchical roles each with parti- Securing Your Data
cular security clearance levels. The security framework will then
check that a user/entity is allowed to perform an operation before Data such as credit card numbers and passwords should
executing it, as described next. of course never be stored in clear text in the database and
SAP Hybris Commerce supports the standard hashing and
encryption practices to avoid this. But in addition, SAP Hybris
Securing Your Web Application can transparently encode certain highly-sensitive data before
it even crosses the DAO layer to the database, with Advanced
With a users role(s) in hand, Spring security framework can be Data Security option. This contains a feature called Transparent
used to determine who is allowed what level of access to various Attribute Encryption that encrypts and decrypts data between
parts of the web layer, and also to control coarse and fine grained the database and application server transparently, using keys
access to the web services. If you are using Spring MVC you can up to 256 bits that are managed from within the Backoffice
easily control access to sub-sections of a web page with Spring Administration Cockpit. This is an option for partners who are
authorization tags. particularly concerned about securing data at the maximum level
possible, and is a necessary step towards PCI compliancy.

SAP Hybris Commerce, Architecture and Technology 22

 Audit Trails
Also related to security requirements is SAP Hybris Commerce non-critical, yet provides unique identification with which both
support for audit trails. All changes to information in our system SAP Hybris product and the PSP can handle a users complete
are recorded via our audit-trail functionality. This includes the shopping experience.
type of change, the user/entity that made this change, the time it
However if our partner wishes to perform PCI within their system,
occurred, and the old and new values.
the option for added data encryption mentioned earlier (Securing
The audit trail also provides information that can be used to your data) will prove useful. This will ensure that sensitive data
monitor resources, system break-ins, failed logins and breach att- does not cross the DAO layer thus minimizing risks of security
empts. It also helps identify security loopholes, violations, spoo- leaks. However this is only the first of many obligatory steps
fing and those users who are attempting to circumvent security, that must be followed should a partner wish to support PCI
either intentionally or unintentionally. compliance themselves.

Authentication and Authorization with LDAP

Summary
SAP Hybris Commerce has an optional LDAP extension that
Todays commerce ecosystem demands a new breed of retailer:
allows authentication of users listed in LDAP and Active
one that exhibits flexibility and integration across multiple
directories. In particular the LDAP extension allows:
channels. Companies need to develop flexible business models to
SAP Hybris Commerce to verify the identity of user meet the demands of their customers, increasing the complexity
accounts against an LDAP or active directory server, of their solutions to stay competitive.
the chance to implement a Single-Sign-On concept,
This white paper provided a technical overview of the SAP Hybris
the ability to import LDIF (the LDAP query language) files Commerce and its ability to meet the evolving needs of retailers,
and search results. including key software layers and architecture, customization
options, built-in features, and managing operations.

SAP Hybris offers an agile and extensible commerce solution that

PCI Security allows retailers to extend and customize their user experiences.
While our partners are certainly able to create business models A single system to manage product content, commerce operations
and logic to support PCI (Payment Card Industry i.e. credit card and channels, SAP Hybris Commerce enables a frictionless,
transactions), SAP Hybris recommends strongly that you do consistent experience across purchase process, improving back-
not store credit card information on your own database. To gain and front-end functionality, improving customer satisfaction,
PCI compliance as a merchant, you must fulfill several rigorous reducing costs and in turn increasing revenue.
requirements13. These are rather complex, time consuming
The model-driven architecture employed by SAP Hybris
and expensive, and we consequently recommend that you use a
Commerce is easy to install, develop and customize, and results
Payment Service Provider (PSP) that is already compliant to this
in a future-proof commerce solution that fits your business needs
standard. Many SAP Hybris Commerce installations are already
exactly, without force-fitting.
running with this kind of integration, which allows a comfortable
one-click shopping experience. In this scenario, SAP Hybris
Commerce system stores a hash-code per user that is itself

13
http://www.pcicomplianceguide.org/

About SAP Hybris

SAP Hybris enables businesses to transform how they engage with customers, innovate how they do business, and simplify their technology landscape. With a
comprehensive approach to customer engagement and commerce, our solutions unlock opportunities to optimize your customers experience and transform your
business. We help you drive relevant, contextual experiences across all of your customer touch-points in real-time, so that you can create strong differentiation and
build competitive advantage in the Digital Economy.
SAP Hybris has helped some of the worlds leading organizations transform themselves in response to changing market conditions and customer expectations
delivering exceptional experiences, adding new channels, evolving their business models, and entering new markets. How can we help you?
Explore SAP Hybris solutions today. For more information, visit www.hybris.com.

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. The information contained herein may be changed
without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary.
These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP or its affiliated companies shall not be liable for errors or
omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and
services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.
In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this document or any related presentation, or to develop or release any functionality mentioned therein.
This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SEs or its affiliated companies strategy and possible future developments, products, and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and
may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or
functionality. All forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on
these forward-looking statements, and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.
SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company) in Germany and other countries. All
other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. See http://global.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.