Samsung Group (Hangul: ; Hanja: ; Korean pronunciation: [sams]) is a South

Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.[1] It comprises

numerous affiliated businesses,[1] most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest
South Korean chaebol (business conglomerate).
Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three
decades, the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities
and retail. Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and
shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following
Lee's death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups Samsung
Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Since 1990, Samsung has increasingly
globalized its activities and electronics; in particular, its mobile phones and semiconductors have
become its most important source of income.
Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include Samsung Electronics (the world's largest information
technology company measured by 2012 revenues, and 4th in market value), [3] Samsung Heavy
Industries (the world's 2nd-largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues),[4] and Samsung
Engineering and Samsung C&T (respectively the world's 13th and 36th-largest construction
companies).[5] Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world's 14th-largest
life insurance company),[6] Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the oldest theme park in
South Korea)[7] and Cheil Worldwide (the world's 15th-largest advertising agency measured by 2012
revenues).[8][9]
Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea's economic development, politics, media and
culture and has been a major driving force behind the "Miracle on the Han River".[10][11] Its affiliate
companies produce around a fifth of South Korea's total exports.[12] Samsung's revenue was equal to
17% of South Korea's $1,082 billion GDP.[13]
On 17 February 2017, Samsung Group chief Lee Jae-yong was arrested for bribery, embezzlement,
hiding assets overseas and perjury.[14]

Nokia Corporation[3] (Finnish: Nokia Oyj, Finnish pronunciation: [noki], UK /nki/, US /noki/),
stylised as NOKIA, is a Finnishmultinational communications and information technology
company, founded in 1865. Nokia is headquartered in Espoo, Uusimaa, in the
greater Helsinki metropolitan area.[1] In 2014, Nokia employed 61,656 people across 120
countries, did business in more than 150 countries and reported annual revenues of around
12.73 billion.[2] Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock
Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.[4] It is the world's 274th-largest company measured
by 2013 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500 and is a component of the Euro Stoxx
50 stock market index.[5][6]
The company has had various industries in its 151-year history. It was founded as a pulp mill,
and now focuses on large-scale telecommunications infrastructures, and technology
development and licensing.[7] Nokia is also a major contributor to the mobile telephony industry,
having assisted in development of the GSM and LTE standards, and was, for a period, the
largest vendor of mobile phones in the world. Nokia's dominance also extended into
the smartphone industry through its Symbian platform, but was eventually overshadowed by
competitors. Nokia eventually entered into a pact with Microsoft in 2011 to exclusively use
Microsoft's Windows Phone platform on future smartphones. Its mobile phone business was
eventually bought by Microsoft in an overall deal totaling $7.17 billion.[8][9] Stephen Elop, Nokia's
former CEO, and several other executives joined the new Microsoft Mobile subsidiary of
Microsoft as part of the deal, which was completed on 25 April 2014.[10]
After the sale of its mobile phone business, Nokia began to focus more extensively on its
telecommunications infrastructure business, marked by the divestiture of its Here Maps division,
its foray in virtual reality, and the acquisitions of French telecommunications company Alcatel-
Lucent and digital health maker Withings in 2016,[11][12] whilst the Nokia name will return to the
mobile phone market through HMD Global.

Lenovo Group Ltd. /lnovo/ or shortened as Lenovo (leh-NO-voh), (formerly stylized

as lenovo) is a Chinese multinational technology company with headquarters in Beijing, China,
and Morrisville, North Carolina, United States.[4] It designs, develops, manufactures and
sells personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations, servers, electronic
storage devices, IT management software, and smart televisions. Since 2013, Lenovo is
the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales.[5] It markets the ThinkPad line of
notebook computers, IdeaPad line of notebook laptops, IdeaCentre line of desktops, Yoga line
of notebook laptops, and the ThinkCentre line of desktops.[6]

Lenovo has operations in more than 60 countries and sells its products in around 160 countries.
Lenovo's principal facilities are in Beijing and Morrisville, with research centers in
Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Wuhan in China, Yamato in
Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan and Morrisville in the U.S. It operates a joint venture
with EMC called LenovoEMC, which sells network-attached storage solutions. It also has a joint
venture with NEC, Lenovo NEC Holdings, which produces personal computers for the Japanese
market.

Lenovo was founded in Beijing in 1984 as Legend and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988.
Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005 and agreed to acquire its Intel-
based server business in 2014. Lenovo entered the smartphone market in 2012 and as of 2014
was the largest vendor of smartphones in Mainland China. In January 2014, Lenovo agreed to
acquire the mobile phone handset maker Motorola Mobility from Google, and in October 2014
the deal was finalized.[7][8]

Lenovo is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Hang Seng
China-Affiliated Corporations Index, often referred to as "Red Chips".

OPPO Divisions[edit]

OPPO China, OPPO Myanmar, OPPO Philippines, OPPO Malaysia, OPPO Vietnam, OPPO
Thailand, OPPO India, OPPO Sri Lanka, OPPO Pakistan and OPPO Bangladesh are the
regional divisions of OPPO, each designing products for their own regional needs.
OPPO Digital is an independently operated division of OPPO. Founded in 2004, it is based
in Mountain View, California, United States.[1] It is known for its
universal upconverting DVD and Blu-ray Disc players. Its first product was the OPPO
OPDV971H Up-Converting Universal DVD Player.[2]

Products[edit]
Phones[edit]

OPPO entered the mobile phone market in 2008.[3][4]

The OPPO Find 7 is a phablet with a total of 3GB of RAM and a 2.5 GHz Quad-Core processor.
[5]
The OPPO Find 7 is also available in another variant called the Find 7a, which has a 1080p
screen and 2GB of RAM compared to the Find 7, which sports higher specs. It was announced
on 19 March 2014 and was released in April 2014. It is similar in design to the OnePlus
One released in April 2014.

In September 2013, OPPO announced the N1. A successor, the OPPO N3, is priced at $449 as
of early 2016.[6]

The OPPO R5, which was launched in November 2014, was at the time the world's thinnest
smartphone.[7] It is 4.85mm in thickness except for a slight bulge where the camera lens is
located. The R5 has a 2,000 mAh battery which can be charged up to 75% in 30 minutes using
OPPO's own VOOC Flash Charging technology.[8] The R5 uses a SnapDragon 615 octa-core
processor, running at 2.1 GHz.[6][9] OPPO began shipping the R5 in the UK on February 20,
2015.[10] One of OPPO's older phones, the Finder, previously held the record for the world's
thinnest smartphone.[11] In June 2016, OPPO became No.1 Smartphone maker in China,
[12]
selling its phones at some 200,000 retail outlets.[13]

Micromax

History[edit]

Micromax was incorporated as Micromax Informatics Ltd. on 29 March 2000.[5] It started selling
mobile telephones in 2008,[6]focusing on low pricing to compete with international brands.
[7]
Micromax's co-founder Rahul Sharma once saw a public call office being powered by a truck
battery because of frequent power cuts in its locale. It prompted him to launch a feature
telephone with an extended battery life.[8] Micromax launched X1i, its first telephone with a
month-long battery back-up.[9] In 2014, Micromax's sales exceeded those of Samsung to
become the mobile telephone manufacturer shipping the most telephones in one quarter in
India.[10]On 24 January 2014, Micromax became the first Indian mobile company to start sales in
Russia.[11] As on 10 April 2016, Micromax announced a strategic partnership with digital
payments company TranServ and global payments technology major Visa to offer the next
generation of payments solutions in India.[12]

Products[edit]

In 2010, Micromax entered the tablet computer market with the Funbook series.[13] Micromax
launched its first eight-core flagship smartphone, Canvas Knight A350, in January 2014 in
Russia. In the same year, Micromax launched the Android One smartphone, Canvas A1. In
November 2014, Micromax partnered with Cyanogen Inc. to provide Cyanogen-based
smartphones in India, under the brand name YU.[14][15][16]

On 17 June 2015, Micromax launched Micromax Canvas Sliver 5, which it claimed was the
slimmest telephone in the world.[17] While most of Micromax's smartphones run the Android OS,
the company also markets smartphones that operate Microsoft's Windows Phone 8.1. The
company is an official Windows Phone 8.1 hardware partner;[18] it launched two Windows Phone
handsets, the Micromax Canvas Win W092 and the Micromax Canvas Win W121, in June 2014.
[19]

On 8 June 2015, Micromax announced the launch of Micromax Amaze 2.[20] The device has a 5-
inch IPS display with resolution of 1280 x 720 pixels. The smartphone is powered by a 1.4 GHz
quad core Snapdragon processor with 2 GB of RAM and 16 GB of internal storage.

On 27 June 2016, Micromax announced the launch of Micromax Canvas Unite 4 and Canvas
Unite 4 Pro.[21] Both these smartphones run on Indus OS 2.0. The Canvas Unite 4 is powered by
a 1.0 GHz quad-core processor which is coupled with 1 GB RAM. Coming to the Micromax
Canvas Unite 4 Pro, it has a 1.3 GHz quad-core processor under the hood which is paired with
2 GB RAM.

Sony India Pvt. Ltd., based in New Delhi,[1] is the Indian subsidiary of
Japan's Sony corporation, headquartered in Tokyo.

Sony's principal Indian businesses include Marketing, Sales and After-Sales Service of
electronic products & software exports Products: LCD Televisions, Video and Digital Still
Cameras, Notebooks and Business Projectors, Personal Audio, Audio Video Accessories, Hi-fi
Audios and Home Theater systems, Car Audio and Visual Systems, Game Consoles, Mobile
Phones, Recording Media and Energy Devices, Broadcast and Professional products. [2]

In India, Sony has its footprint across all major towns and cities in the country through a
distribution network of over 10,400 dealers and distributors, 270 exclusive Sony outlets and 23
direct branch locations.[3] Moreover, Sony's 19 sales branches cover a total of 450 cities. It has
also developed a network of 270 Sony Center and established 30 warehouses across the
country to manage its supply chain effectively.[4]
Sony India Software Centre Pvt. Ltd.[edit]

Sony currently has global software development facilities in the United States, Europe, Japan,
China and India. Among these, Sony India Software Centre (SISC), located in Bengaluru
Indias Silicon Valleyhas expanded notably in recent years. Established in 1997, SISC serves
as a development base for software used in a wide range of products manufactured by Sony
Group companies around the world and as the Groups global offshore IT centre. With the role
of software taking on ever-greater importance in this digitized age, SISC is rapidly augmenting
its team of engineers. In fiscal year 2010, ended March 31, 2011, SISC had approximately
1,000 engineers on staff. Their work contributed to efforts of the entire Sony Group to advance
state-of-the-art 3D technologies, as well as to the development of new products, including Sony
Internet TV, Sony Tablet and Android based mobile phones and other devices. As the Groups
strategic offshore IT centre, they worked together with Sony Group companies with the aim of
reinforcing the Groups operating foundation.[5]

In early 2012, Sony Corp restructured its India business by creating two separate units, one for
undertaking sales and marketing operations, headquartered at New Delhi and the other for
focusing on software and product development based in Bengaluru. As a result, Sony India
Software Centre Pvt. Ltd. was de-merged from Sony India Pvt. Ltd. as a separate entity aiming
at more effective operations.[6]

Apple Inc.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the technology company. For other uses of the name "Apple", see Apple
(disambiguation).
Apple is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, a
suburb of San Jose, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and
online services. Its hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer,
the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, and
the Apple TV digital media player. Apple's consumer software includes
the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and
the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites. Its online services include the iTunes Store,
the iOS App Store and Mac App Store, Apple Music, and iCloud.
Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and
sell personal computers.[6] It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. in January 1977, and was
renamed as Apple Inc. in January 2007 to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics.
Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) joined the Dow Jones Industrial Average in March 2015.[7]
Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest
technology company by total assets,[8]and the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer.
[9]
In November 2014, in addition to being the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by
market capitalization, Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$700 billion.
[10]
The company employs 115,000 permanent full-time employees as of July 2015 [4] and maintains
478 retail stores in seventeen countries as of March 2016.[1] It operates the online Apple Store and
iTunes Store, the latter of which is the world's largest music retailer. There are over one billion
actively used Apple products worldwide as of March 2016.[11]
Apple's worldwide annual revenue totaled $233 billion for the fiscal year ending in September 2015.
[3]
This revenue generation accounts for approximately 1.25% of the total United States GDP.[12] The
company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and, according to Interbrand's annual Best Global
Brands report, has been the world's most valuable brand for 4 years in a row,[13][14][15]with a valuation in
2016 of $178.1 billion.[16] The corporation receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices
of its contractors and its environmental and business practices, including the origins of source
materials.

Motorola
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Motorola (disambiguation).
Motorola, Inc. (/motrol/[4]) is an American multinational telecommunications company based
in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company
was divided into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on
January 4, 2011.[5] Motorola Solutions is generally considered to be the direct successor to Motorola,
Inc., as the reorganization was structured with Motorola Mobility being spun off. [6] Motorola Mobility
was acquired by Lenovo in 2014.
Motorola designed and sold wireless network equipment such as cellular transmission base
stations and signal amplifiers. Motorola's home and broadcast network products included set-top
boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer
telephony, and high-definition television. Its business and government customers consisted mainly of
wireless voice and broadband systems (used to build private networks), and public safety
communications systems like Astro and Dimetra. These businesses (except for set-top
boxes and cable modems) are now part of Motorola Solutions. Google sold Motorola Home (the
former General Instrument cable businesses) to the Arris Group in December 2012 for US$2.35
billion.[7]
Motorola's wireless telephone handset division was a pioneer in cellular telephones. Also known as
the Personal Communication Sector (PCS) prior to 2004, it pioneered the "mobile phone"
with DynaTAC, "flip phone" with the MicroTAC as well as the "clam phone" with the StarTAC in the
mid-1990s. It had staged a resurgence by the mid-2000s with the RAZR, but lost market share in the
second half of that decade. Later it focused on smartphones using Google's open-
source Android mobile operating system. The first phone to use the newest version of Google's open
source OS, Android 2.0, was released on November 2, 2009 as the Motorola Droid (the GSM
version launched a month later, in Europe, as the Motorola Milestone).
The handset division (along with cable set-top boxes and cable modems) was later spun off into the
independent Motorola Mobility. On May 22, 2012, Google CEO Larry Page announced that Google
had closed on its deal to acquire Motorola Mobility.[8] On January 29, 2014, Page announced that
pending closure of the deal, Motorola Mobility would be acquired by Chinese technology
company Lenovo for US$2.91 billion (subject to certain adjustments).[9] On October 30, 2014, Lenovo
finalized its purchase of Motorola Mobility from Google.[10]