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HSN Notes

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347 views77 pages

HSN Notes

HSN handwritten notes

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beslin
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Hoador exer with on tio fe. Cpe Top? ~ St specifics a poak cell vale (per) ,mradimim ed cn Ke >» Feedback b Sources SB Law inbemconnection. =) voulanes ae Draparited BE BE vole (uBR) ~ Ram elpr’ Sonu: cos * Appt pom cer 2 VaR) Yar a alloalat + 6 a0 beni vac, ard cell laues calls ano. fortniclal n FIFO + Nb Wwibial Gmmikmenk & no fuadhack . (fer TEP) £3 ' Text /daka/inage Gromer | Romots Gxminal 4 Gusnonked Frame Role (arr) « For Ip Subn/o ¥ Bo. vourou ypc oy eine passat hounds « ATI Adaptor bayen ont) Gaed pr emapping ATO layer usin higher layea @ mapping ATM with Other protacels Like pom ice and LApF « IePEM Woice > MY A Skream of Bie. Af @ UDiCE Aigné ys Ga mappa fee eee En LAPF flame 5) mapping a Lapr frames mb ATM. colk AALS. aes a ee Handling exrovs * Handling of lore a misirmented Cell + Flow % bene contro! * Segmentation «¢ reassembly AALR dé can be Clamiked mto 4 Classen a services lice AALT, ie AeL 3/4 AALS according & Lering relation be Souxte 2 dastirabion, bit rake, coonecticn) Cormactionlost broinifan 4E Supports the pplications like * Civauit ernulokior - Suppor Tom 7 VER Voice 2 Uideo _ in. wal time applcokims corm pressed prot * Garanal data Services = te q Tp packeb + mulkiprobocal ersapaulakion Ovex ATTA Gepor) © otfax than TP ~ ten emulation AAL _Protecel (“asen cara yen aSEO js PDU ca a ie PAL inte ban Sublayers 1 Convergence Stuublayer Ces) Segroentation a Rammsembly Sublayex Car) nee = 2 To buppork Specixe application 2 a soxvice depandank SAR- For “packaging a Uopackaging the injormokion tp olfax end SPR must pack any SAR hoachs 8 brailesu + CS injovmation = AR ocket on} ee “Hk by, Higher Laujer block of dat encapsulated inl: pDo (protocol + heodes * trauten =" ¢s poy! ota nit), AOL Type 1 * Grutont Bit volt Cone). , PacMfunpock bits toucedle. | * Bach block bas & bit SEQ Ay onen Cov) be back Ma. ernon - | * SN hap 1 bik C51 9Ctonbengence Sublayen Zrclicabion) provi BRIE SC. (Sequmce count). (o w 4) L tay. is bu. fue vepsaince pc enn ota rs ion, to dotect fhe lost cou Ate - ach as pointer to next block - w eu. [Sup sAR-pDu payload Aer Type 4 E a ee ee 1 ockek = eh Segyesce Number Protection (SNp) — ewror code for ervor dabsc! | ewer neckion B bE cyclic code Conc) 4 4 panily bit. Quen). | + CS Sublayen - Clocking 3 Synchronization . fee Tipo ®* Cx.363) 5 | ® Vauiohle Bt volm CvBR) * for analog opplicabions Like video, audio } | * eR ce fo. am % undex shedy ’ | | Cae pecaali Mulkiplesred Gevewol dolar gy to tie Aamo ver/vpt | Type icon 7 | % Qooraction les CindaporderHy) _/ Conmackion oxentsal “ massage mode - framed data , 03‘ medel | Lop] Frams. veboy- Streaming mode - transex aq low spood data with low dolay | Wists sAR | EERE ae TSR] a] hy | ke octeh >< ___ pu ote, —_——1.0 i nora dog Trailer ee — ce ss sense | epcs - PBu [rnd Jot [ta] ti) ne 4 Reades 4 aS fe bradlen Q [oon oe Ni , by k pee ‘ | | lopes-Tovalant, the Re ¢ allocals. the. “Firm ceil | == buyer Space - bo verd}y tha Comeck x | cpr - Common post sndientoy - ach ax an Cermen port [pr ten | (rootek) Yemaining Fires in cpcs | Btag - Begining Tag (h octet) - a number pr porticulax Cpes jee Sme - Buje Allocation Size (Rocks) - Buyjen Ste reaysived to reasseenbly ah lon -pliqnenank (( octet) - To make Ha length 4 cpes fn be 32 biG e tag - bad “Tag (loctet) ~ Zame value as 6 toy Length (octets ) SME - for Segmenkakien % veamembly , | 6 St-Segment Gye - 4 types — Bor — Begieming @ Message | Gorm Enof % mostage | MARY COM! = Anticuiation % montage | low (SN - Sequonce Nuembe —To cheer all SAR PDUs axe Ry 3 @neakenaks Propoxly IM ~ rhessage Tdantifion - Pree Rowaserorly, [a> Levgth ardicbon — Loy i ~ Gglic Redundancy Code — lo bite - co “type 5: = Provides *Styearnlinsd “Tramifert jor highs ion Metecalkt with Cormeckion -prierked . * Reducot tfc. overhoad Cro hoaden) , apgoyomion ent, as AR Sublayon }—— 48 octeh —___4) | | | | | | -fesurar a | | | | Tene} ‘ we? x AR ~~ | - _ Ser p > Y yy oe ‘ a CPCS - bY -Vepes som bo scx |b) \o pase +: 4° Alber a collision, tnt? for a me, Hien atternpe by Gommit again. tha tee Calesilatad ey binary oo haceobs * ody. Csmnlan : oa 1 easy bo ienplaneink: mac TES Coon 2° 6 2 frees DA sf [train } Leeda pres] le KE bo i500 4 Preamble - 4 ocket ust alkermaking o.% ts te haus bus Synchrontzakion SFD - Stayt Frama Plolirriter - ts indicate to! Abaxt Of, Ho frame PR - Dertivabion Address Ghyrical /groupfaletal addnau) Sh - Source asdduost Length - length s He data Fes -" Frame chacix) Aaguance (3@ hit orc) eoadieen options ak ‘ak lombpst dota wake , Signaling mathed, max. Seqmank leng h D wRASES (blIOBASE T La s + Gent Coomial cable , manchoiter digital signaling ~ max: leigth = Soom) |, can be extended by udtag vepeatons.. Mastin i Xeplasib "ai alloted So fongfh = @.5km “2Unshielded Twirted pay , eax bopology * max, lagi = loom with mulbipart repoalen * central elamart is called hub. usRich can acts as veapealers * rubble levels 5 proadan hub Carve) 2trktamadials. hsb (2Wue), ahaa 7 | Hiren Sprem LANS 2 For high Spaad & Computing . powers, Centralized Foose [pocrna, LAN - Power Work @roupe | | tombps - Elfastnet te mbps - Token Ring too mbps ~ Fast €Miawrnct Ebhenmet ~ Mostly used . High Spood Law wy IEEE oR. S ab lombps- ~ Geveloped by Xerox Over a bus topolagy using csmn/eD 5 mac Protoco ! * Bus bopoleay Boo | * linac Graramisston meckum ~ Ful duplex ogamabion > Tx from any station | propagated fiaeugh His! _. q te medic in beth dixeckions 2 can potstreceived by al ottion Abobtons | diac + lack bo yegitels tha bsomsrnlsscon + RBA tohiorn, the brarumission Atoxk Acer be be oligfcceate i Px, Hal \eanamit) the olata tp Smeal ‘plocns called pame, and contro! inforenabion Uhich Consul of prams hoodon Foch atakien & identified by % ime ba calls | o rr Usaiors 4.4) cove Ababion’ altempé bp» tranimit ak’ pare tiene, Co! & Wil accu, Procedure to avoid Collins axe 1 gh tho medium & tale, bransmit 2. a) the madium & busy , Gontinus! tp litte anil Ha. chawnet a idle, then T tmmadiotely. | B- Sh Colliion 4 deterked dining TKAMAcdAKion , peda Coase braramuitting . &) for TR—TH Connection Kero 5S Secon Secs Peluantages 94 packet Switching oven Circuit Susitching ty @venken Line qpicieney (* more} Lime pociel axe quousd > Han Ta.) preallocated So Gime ) He line ink ws colle en node w rede 4 much 4 the 2 Hae data vate Conversion So ners oPistaia 3 can have ak c Stakions ye ak differant a dusung heavy beypic, pacved ame | Duuing Froawy Ecaghecs Some arcoplad but have delivay diay bime| calls, ae plocrad 4. prioriies can be wed No pworid y Have Transmission clolag , NGS ” 2 = Wh pockals (in bb) fnceming Channal rate Variable delay dua t processing wait 2 gition vee WME Yauioble poste: | io | then tongth i” routes . 90 not Quibed fpr veal Lire apply. [ie wee ; eduction i9 capocity lus to ouenhoad tryormakion , las ; ‘ * afieNa. cies 6 eee capacity & vecturedd A. more processing dusting tha bromiet | No procesing shops % info | 3 | st Emerner * 808.9 standad , low cost ab Loombps. 7 (00 Base , ena. a 10 bo R001 Stax topology | * WoRare T — usen MAC protocol 2 frame foomak (92. fBase * 4 Lenke ene joe Te Rone Jor Racopbion 100 Gose T™ ~ ghy sTweibed wold Ta ‘ heeldad ree unshield Toiiked pri corp) Noo Rave Fx - Optical fiben too ase Ty — 4 Twalad par ne (3 pr me, lpr P*2. * 100 Base ox * Unidirectional with loombps oyen a Stagle.. tank ~*~ 48/5@ —WRZ 2 Syral enceding. TR modem =7 + cuated pau , looliZase ~ Tx a opktcah lyon {Op Base ~ FX * stP, Category 5 UTP IP ce Rane tH + low quality 4 Calagecy 2 * Gegmanks ole Sd ~dajssonk data strear > bodbad paw ig + Fostoetemek: works mm full duples Gyo Abobtan can te 2 Rx Siouiiaasously vale. = Bombpso Use a full duplos adapter ces, 80 comalap candy Suitching hub . Hee no collisions w» mot ussd LAN A Nowern SP 3t% Supppyaieas, miki” Gy seottsng hn ot BRS loo mines LAN: | 4 | Gigabit Eihemet | + tooo mbps. Compatible with loo ase T 2 lo Gaset 2) lo mbps 3 | Wakes Suoctehing hub i uscd - pares * 1000 Base ix =) “bsom gq 6a. 5m | 50 pe crudkimnode fiber tena % Br’ Slee | lopm Single moda bbe A = [B40 & 13550m loos Base & ~ THEM H GB-SHM reulkienods Short » lo) 55000 ej Some mulkirrodle & = 440 & B6OnM ooo Base cx - Shielded bwated pain % 25 Yoco Bare + nes 4 pais oy CAlagory 5 Unshicldod bwabed pain “fr F100 m Fibre Channel chowrel 2 fie te high Spend & cngaglly, the xepuiverment HP 4 ow Communication Pidxaases | = Tlo chanel Font to point | rrusikipoink Lane fey Very BeeOuibance ustngh haalwraye aly, rapier Po, Proselons 2 Peripheral dlouvces = lB goxewaxe over’ long datance uth a Collection ce BY Merrrccind woo pools Sith poousetiael EN | datection 9 ory Yecoueny ~ Fibre channel - uses both bech to + op: «tl Chanmel jatilike, thot wo encorporated nko ©) Qata type qyolifier fpr vouking we) Link level cenabwuck ©) Protecol intexjare Sparificabons yer channel axa, [+ "lo Oveented focitiion tat oxo incorporates! into fibre Chaavrals axe, > Full A P) peer bo paar” Conrentivity 2 Trbexnekworking be |= Fealtixos a fibve channel @ fut duplas Wnt . b> loomibps ta Zoombps) om a Single Le Upto LO Km 2 Srmatt Commectoras , high Capacity ublizakion a) able to Cammy exabng Sntesface. . Command: soft Fibre channel elements + wend Systzmny salad Saas! odes’ Quctkchiy’ claranh) as pbric ah ct faa poets gi Siteestional Moric: with cocast Lei Setechang fr. \P 5 L Tou Fe See cal aaa Mt acd. Set by adc mew suctcher 2 F port te Ha exatng one 5 level ® Feo ~ physical predia e Fibex pc lang dlatoince @axial cable jor Short dukance with high apaocle Ghiglded Liked: pad ber Shot distance with low Aposda > Fey Fibre Channel Protocol Acchitectiee * Transmission proteco! dajivies Wa encoding Schaxna Bake® e cobaco! Py Seine, Pare jprmak , daguoncing ,ervor # blo» Conbro] D2 — Gmmen Sewices mul’ casting ©) Fen map ping mapping with Olfien nfo protocols. 6 fibre channel ical ¢nodio . * Shielded twits pak, coaxial Cable, optical {ben | * leo mbps tm 3.2@bpa, Pork to pein: over seq bo lem Tepologves Y fabric] suitohad Pepelegy t= ona; iseioticn| bs linciemtc tony end wou * Rouking & branspasonk ; * Provides Sealabilih, of capacihy 2) moro orc Naki + > Pome to pom topology owly & pods, ne \fpabsic Swwitchos nO routing « a a) «Prot trals il Bop hSllag ye LRN ccm le Baer tas ws op. Wireless Lane? * mobility | xelocobion , adhoa Mebworting we Ee oe 4 s Bb 1. Reloeskion Car + Wired LAR at th backbone a) Elhemols * HUB | user modules (um) Contwole 2 Vy wived LAN “tshich “ane retesfaced bo usivelms LAN by @ Control | veredulo Corn). * an be mo Gingle ced tireless Lav ©O multiple cau wolvelass Lan Cmuttiple Cm are used ) | a, mobilily + data tranjor bo @ portable Computan to a4 3. Adhee “Ww. - pacn to poo hw chip bernporarcly, + he Cenkealizad Seswen 7 Rey orernenta : 2 Should meok high Capsnily , ability be cover short dlistarces, pull Commectivity 2 broadcast capabilily a = mre protocol! & used by maximize Ya | A. NO O& Nodes = yloo & Connection bp a backbones LMW Hywugh Conbve | mnoalislas 4 Coverage axaa — leo te 209 m 5 Bathe power Consumption — long battery ‘We = xeliable 1 TRooughput | 6. teansmission “Wbustnes 2 Secunily 14. Cotlecalad nfo operation 8. License a. Handa) /voarning: ~”» ; ; to. Qynamie Coneguxabion ape addli bien Aalation , yelocakion ” 6 & — Se a Suiikchieg “Techniyues © lange Ste pakke one divilad inte Smalt Sze packele wRich are Wen outed 2 delivewd te clestinalion -by clatagrom 2 Vivtual C&E ~ Patas ; Z Fath node. Tem Cath parker treated indepéndently . e “ll mare 2 uring decision according to tha wformabon % la: meighbowing nodes: 3 exit node (1) the dostinatien will made the Yeordaning % dekect the {ass packak ‘ potke: ley Can taka plata % 4 ioenbified only ab, Pe dostinokion. : ‘ a tdaal , veliab! : a ea Ackup Phe! a Quotdsil reliable | te ~ Virtual Cie - preplannad ould , ence Youle & establiahod -parkabi AU betee Re same couke. Oud to fixie) youke, ik in Aerelon &® rout att Switching % has tho Yama Yorlial CkE . Ne Youkirg decision D> Jpat trammission "hie “wouke A Selected ing 4 Cxver Conk! 0° Backel “plies Cintexnol Virtual cet) angers Gnteol 2 Routing [* Rouking derision can be enforced chairs ® foilure % Coagation = Dus be overhead info ., rouking takes plac, bur ik iksey ach a4 load en the of x. as wet oe > Standard fpr packet Switching nw. * gt fErcki™ aso on Hee level, Physical tevel, Line level , packet level * physical level ~ phyasccal interforo lw. a gtakion 9 a Link Wok attacheds tha Station. Ib to Ha pocket Swrtching node 21 B® “E1A-2a529 oa fe dstandonds Hink level - Reliable banyor @ data acnoas phyasccal link Protocol — Balanced) & tha. stansloxe! AMPLE CHigh level data link Control ) LAPB Clink Accom WRich ‘fis Subset Pockat level - provides Virtual Grcuik Sowice CExbomol Ualaal ent )-> logical Comeckion yy, ® sbakons (Giithouk\ tneexmodeale vedss) - [ben daka a ae TQ alate ea kent ee [EE] tars pase Clin level) Frame Rely Nekwows Saree Se ¥ Geri tose 5 anos oe ayo 4 Oo cae lira =e Bacal with Speed ~ es ee We Mibae Gquelve Ga eycl andi cabs porch om. i deve 4 channel a eaulliplexing a ak layer 2,3 3. Glow 2 erm Coritrel im layer 22 2 Me used, move ovexkaads 0/85... T! yedduen Anke fame velay 4 » Frame Ralay’ data. pocxets wen,” tHe 1. Oubbard Signaling - centwl & pork 2. multiplexing at layer 8 BY no hep by hop plourecemibemd (ily Gael © ene plow), Axchitectuxe r ends wlio “ae Lape Cove prams waapo = prame memags > crlltapie tins prea creer ‘dobeckion apr Contec! tape ee Sere 2 pow Gmbol + gélking up 4 teasing dou logical Cormactions » Gend 2 receive Ra Aagporce number Se ———— el ee ee ' Gkablun 2 logical Conneckin bw. 2 end poinls (setup ) @. Exchanoe inpemakion 2 Relaue fa Connection (pela , Roloc complate) te Connect, x et Ste Roy ale — artioble — pes - Flag 2 Frome chock Seqpsnce. & ai Complete. mode (atm) eR ~ Also called as cout veby Have move reliability and pidelity Provides jaster parkak Switching Han 25 lth @ dota yoke % 155.58Mbps 3 682.02 MbPS + Gola bronfan a packel a fed Size Callod Cells. St allows multiple logical Connection to be multiplexad over a phyaccal inbexjace cranium, SEE Contre! eapnbbibren >> vechucts He. a, y cvnhaad bibs Avchikectise 4 frm layers" Tromsfon 4 aka in fixed Size cells by wing ee ied provides packat tranyjox Capabilities fat - Sesutee dopendont , mapping betwesn highas layer sith Ones, Usex plane - Provides usa injowmabien associated sith it Control (excigtlow Control) Control plane - paxfosms call * conmection Centro! fp managemant plane — plana management + Coordination bw. all planea layer managprent —7 $n. velaled bp xosounces & virtual pot / virtual Charmol Chanackesibicr —=—E——v—O ‘50 - > chan. t conmmnen is! pe sue J tok ee ee delay t QoS. Couality of Seswim) ~ Coll tess vabiv (cu Ted dE 5 “Vosiation 2 Switchad , Ses wce ad On doen la duoakion 4 u slip | Gonmeckian be uxth call Qnbvo! q ee 3. Gu A Fi © equance — inbeRby ‘ 4 Trakkic pastacrgt negotiating & a erty for Upe qa 5 Untual “Chomesl identifies veaksiction wifi 0 NPC vp 2 Ve Tesendindleg ss. ao > jib so ie ‘claves Vp lnk)” Vietual chowmal Une”, ce idarkiger (eT) , VP es ERs wee jp MRS ) Conte! Signalling “gS « 7s ostablah, |, veloase ef VPC Baie c ; ; - OT to eee no conto) Signaling 1. Semi paxtrsmenk vce > uson to uso , ar bol St Maa 4 maka Ggaling choned 2! uate ly, call PES Ag reqjsived pea 3. usar to apo Signaling ve > & sek up vec fm cmou 1. usar bo wor Segraling ve 9 wily @ practtablutiad vpe ee _upe 1 Gemgarnomsnt 2 PSE proc agramont: |g. Cunboman Controlled D Curkoman eatobluh a VPC 3, Wlw Conbrolled 2 rw eskabluh a upe Atm Cells * Ft ; Fored Sized Cet having 5 ecket heodon + He octet inperenation field. ee Sized cell 5 veducos Youing delay , Switching Eakas place efficiently . * Quo & Small | fixed Genexic flow donksol © cel * e a Unad for Conteol of coll {low a> only fr Uaar- Mey enlace ae ~ Tnsludos constant Bie volt 2 vorinbl bik rate _ * Uncontrolled Tarsmission » Controlled transmission Group & cides” Gaui prAna te), Yoo a valiobles Seep eS weer 2G cwTR 2D Credkt Counlsn wuitolizad’ to m0. 3. Ge- volun 22 1 | | | | ae Unrr= 0, Congestion And 1c MBNAGEMENT Queuing Anabyes Analy can be cone on the bast ¥ a) exiting load tnfowmotion +) estimated load pr a new envivonrnent Approaches fo th t analysis based o7 achial values A(n0t ee lines expected 8S. xtom possible) 2 Scaling up q existing experience the. ; Te es Bs 3. Bevelop an analytic model based 07 MONG cleuwed 2/F eke he program 9 SUN & Simulation model. TE aban pion ppaihed Gixiroplamn. bub, tole long MGNypr ROO Ty barn Queuing Models fe— x= thems resident 9 ———I waning system T- “eatdence Time Server - proviole Sexuice bo item Y idle - tem u acswed ele - item wu tm Waiking line Ts - Time inteswal b/w dispatching 4 an ikem te the Aarwen 2 depantwne ef that ikemy ymom ihe. AEKVEX OS) Pekan Meme Mal “He Acuen & busy Tr - QWexage Emme at an item Spends in & Syatem(walbing + 4 =< Ff quaue capacity = % mo thems ane oat hut Hisy one clelayed AT, OT % Congestion. =) ryt Yunus grews without bound | | | | 2 S$] = 1 D Sewer becomes Sabimolad , la / Wering bere , | | depaxline vata & combank | | » TRaoretical maximure jp *O8 Amax = Te” | “llusbrakton (Tiere Frat them ©) Spenda to me System ep Ag 2 Sao, 2 “pontine % ton anes = Tener # [0-9 Pome a | Sevice Lime Model _Chasacteristies j* Them population - © > be Mey | Y Sue & ~ Precharge” in aruvol vale % source a finite 5 aseiral vale 4 veslucot { * Quous Size 2 | | YY Guowe uo fone > Cherm may lost = Papatehvagy discipline FIFO CFEFS) - Fist come, fist Sewer | LiFo Relaive prion’ ~ with te halp o GoS |Mulksexvey Quoue, 1 mutkifle Sewer with a Commen qeuc \ 3 & auoilable , bee will a i dispakchal & So toate, tm omy ps S$} exe Sewers axe quailable | Seleckion q Seaver fpr a woiking them has ro cack on Seswice bime Sh all fesweu ae busy, Queue uo foemod 2 iterns will dépakehal usog dapatching ducipline a» Soar as one = : ¢ 4, — | tox) : | An alate =] vn | el he ‘ i | uae ee ee ary — — ——* 3 Sawer» | Deposliin | Arad fa | ge TT * fs= | ) Sew. S | sulle single Seow uBio’ UJ (PME _Gaewng Reabionips: BLY prensa / | w=AT, we ity 2 ee eS | % | Jet average timed hw) araivale wae d -awiival be | parle | mul seswern | wes | paMe ju somseey } eet? | Assusoptions |* dp axe aseuval vale , Seswice Lime , no. of Servers |» olp axe Thee woaitgg ; woaibing ewe , Stems aponed , Rasisierigg Tine | ; oe Alo Gh standond daviakion Cry, Sy 154 Tw )s buffon Size WN | fase Jo) Weex asaivol Ames ase exporantial &) v0.04 aeuvalr obey Poibson disbribuli | Pesoavals occu randomly 2 teclopandant ' ons. another Kendall notation © 3 /¥/ X — disbsibukion a dnlex Qswival times er) ~ 1 Cexotce beni! NV - ne. % Sewer diabribubiom ae &@ — Gonaval dusbrbubion a, whexasnival bm | sowice times Set iat " " “ » uxt tatexascival tariod exe indapondenk veabrickin mM ~ vegative exporantial dabribubion D~ dokewrimistic axsinl ©O fod bndh satce ay mie ¢ ~ Gengle Sexutex quautng modal} ossivah 2 exponential Sexuico Limo: © eee mia] ' - poison assduol SS Genssol Seswico bime A = Sealing pn r aig a » ee > Tee Bae wo eg : Ss unrte: O Cie 8 er < a ( stare deviohion = tafen | = sexporenbial Sesutee TMS 8) 4) > *S we is v= a TSe orsk Case. ie w= © faa! ee 1-8 Cstardord deviakion = 0) rial ay Goeitant. “Gee cae +s (2-2) Besk Hoge Cal IC. so TE pci ae ee 2-8) es pecan a = ets we 308 o 20-) St. 7 Rabo 5 Value =? 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