CHP For Puri Volume I PDF

CITY HRIDAY PLAN
FOR
PURI
UNDER THE SCHEME
HRIDAY
Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna
OF
MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Prepared for
Puri Municipality
Puri, Odisha
FEBRUARY 2016
Volume I of IV
City HRIDAY Plan
Submitted by:
A Consortium between
IPE GLOBAL PRIVATE LIMITED & CRCI INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
City HRIDAY Plan
for
Puri
Volume I/IV
Prepared by:
IPE Global Pvt. Ltd.
in consortium with
CRCI (India) Pvt. Ltd.
.
for:
National Institute of Urban Affairs and Ministry of Urban Development
PROJECT TEAM
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

Gurmeet S. Rai
Project Director and Principal Conservation Architect
Saumya Tripathi
Project Co-ordinator and Conservation Architect
Antara Sharma
Conservation Architect
Parshati Dutta
Architect
Parul Sahni
Architect
Pradipta Ghosh
Architect
Neeharika Kushwaha
Architectural Intern
Dhiraj Jasutkar
Mansi Arora
IPE Global Pvt. Ltd.

Urban and Environmental Planners
Studio POD
Urban Designers and Planners
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We sincerely acknowledge the valuable inputs and support rendered by the following individuals during
the course of this exercise:
Shri Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister Odisha
Mr. Ashok Panda, Minister, Department of Tourism and Culture, Odisha
Shri Gajapati Maharaja Dibyasingha Deb, Chairman, Sri Jagannatha Temple Managing Committee, Puri
Mr. Pinaki Mishra, M.P. (LS), Puri
Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri
Mr. Aravind Agrawal, District Collector, Puri
Dr. U. C. Majhi, Additional District Magistrate, Puri
Mr. Jayanta Kumar Sarangi, Chairman, Puri Municipality
Mr. Manish Agarwal, Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality
Mr Prabir Khilar, Additional Executive Officer, Puri Municipality
Mr. Rajat Mishra, Municipal Engineer, Puri Municipality, Puri
Mr. Abhimanyu Behera, Enforcement Officer, Puri Municipality, Puri
Mr. Ranjith, Clerical Staff, Puri Municipality, Puri
Mr. Devi Prasad Behera, Deputy Director, District Planning and Management Unit (DPMU), Puri
Mr. Biswa Ranjan Jena, District Planning and Management Unit (DPMU), Puri
Mr Subhananda Mahapatra, Tehesildar, Puri
Mr. Bhakta Das, Municipal Councillor, Puri
Mr. Pabitra Mandal, Secretary, Puri Konark Development Authority (P.K.D.A)
Mr. L. P. Patnaik, Planning Member, Puri Konark Development Authority (P.K.D.A).
Mr. Purna Chandra Gochhikar, Tech. Asst., Puri Konark Development Authority (P.K.D.A)
Mr. Suresh Chandra Mahopatra, Chief Administrator, Shree Jagannatha Temple Administration, Puri
Mr. P. K. Hota, Administrator (Dev.), Shree Jagannatha Temple Administration, Puri
Mr Sudip Kumar Chatterjee, Information Officer, Shree Jagannatha Temple Administration
Mr. G.C. Panigrahi, Commissioner, Department of Endowment, Bhubaneshwar
Mr. R. N Mohapatra, General Manager, District Industries Centre (D.I.C.)
Mr. A.K Patnaik, Assistant Manager, District Industries Centre (D.I.C.)

Mr D. Pati, Inspector, District Industries Centre (D.I.C.)
Mr. B.P.Ray, Superintendent Archaeologist, Odisha State Archaeology, Bhubaneshwar
Dr. Sunil Kumar Patnaik, Secretary, Odisha Institute of Maritime & South -East Asian Studies (O.I.M.S.E.A.S.),
Department of Culture, Bhubaneshwar
Mr. B.K. Jena, Tourist officer, Department of Tourism, Puri
Er. R. C. Patra, Asst. Manger, P.E.D., Puri
Er. Srinibash Das, Assistant Manager CESU, P.E.D., Puri
Er. A. K. Mishra, Assistant Manager CESU, P.E.D., Puri
Mr Siva P. Swain, Executive Engineer, CESU, Puri
Mr. Sanjay Mallick, Executive Engineer, Drainage, Water Resource Department.
Mr. Gagan Biswal, Executive Engineer, Irrigation, Water Resource Department.
Mr. Shashank Shekhar Nanda, Deputy Project Engineer, OWSSB
Mr. N. K. Dash, E.E. (R&B), O.S.D.
Mr Sanjay Mishra, O.S.D., Puri
Mr. P. K. Satapathy, P.D., D.R.D.A.
Mr Manoranjan Samal, Additional S.P of Police, Puri
Mr. Lingaraj Mishra, Deputy Commandant of Traffic Police, Puri
Mr Nalini Kanta Sahoo, Dist. Cultural Officer, Puri
Mr Deba Prasad Mohanty, Asst. Executive Engineer, PHD, Puri
Mr Bijay Kr Sahoo, Asst. Executive Engineer, RWSS, Puri
Mr. Ravi Mishra, Local Resource Person, Hotelier, Puri
Mr. Rabindra Pratihari, Historian and Author, Radha Ballav Matha & Gundicha Library, Puri
Mr, Gangadhar Pradhan, Neel Madab Binayak Samiti, Puri
Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), New Delhi
Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), NewDelhi

Table of Contents
Volume I/IV
1 PURPOSE OF CITY HRIDAY PLAN 2
2 PURI CITY 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 History 7
2.3 Regional Setting 12
2.4 Physiography and Climate 13
2.5 Forest and Biodiversity 21
2.6 Demography 25
2.7 Tourist Footfall 30
2.8 Economy 34
2.9 Tourism Infrastructure 37
3 APPRAISAL OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL ASSETS OF PURI 40

3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 Tangible Heritage 43
3.3 Intangible Heritage 63
4 REVIEW OF EXISTING INITIATIVES 96

4.1 Review of Master Plans, CDP, Zonal Plans, Regional, Plan 96
4.2 Existing Acts and Policies of Central and State Government applicable to the city 131
4.3 Organization Impacting Development of the city and Organization Structure 145
4.4 Review of proposed and on-going projects 158
5 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION 188

5.1 Consultation with Government Bodies 188
5.2 Consultation with Local Community 207
6 PROJECTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE GAP ASSESSMENT (CITY LEVEL) 212

6.1 Traffic & Transportation 212
6.2 Cultural & Traditional Social Infrastructure 220
6.3 Gap Analysis 226
7 PRIORITISATION OF ASSETS 234
8 CITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 240

8.1 Introduction to Delineated Areas 240
8.2 The ShankhaKshetra Heritage Zone 241
8.3 River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone 262
8.4 Balukhanda Recreational Zone 272
8.5 Analysis of Master Plan 278
8.6 Specialist Consultancies/Institutional Reforms 280
i
9 CREATING SHELF PROJECT 282
9.1 The Shanka Kshetra Heritage Zone 282
9.2 River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone 284
9.3 Balukhanda Recreational Zone 286
10 INVESTMENT PLAN AND SOURCE OF FUNDING 288

10.1 Summary of Cost 288
10.2 Committed Funds for Zone I Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone 290
10.3 Committed Funds for Zone II River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone 291
10.4 Committed Funds for Zone III Balukhanda Recreational Zone 292
10.5 Convergence 293
11 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND MONITORING MECHANISMS 298

11.1 City HRIDAY Plan Vision and Implementation 298
11.2 Toolkits Planning and Design 330
11.3 Procurement of Consultants 336
11.4 Projects Implementation 337
11.5 Community Consultations, Education and Outreach 339
11.6 Sustainable Management and Operation and Management 340
12 PROMOTION PROGRAM AND MARKETING STRATEGIES 342
13 STRATEGIES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 352
MAPS
ii
iii
Chapter One
Purpose of City
HRIDAY Plan
1.1 Sub Title
1.2 Sub Title
1.3 Sub Title

Purpose of City HRIDAY Plan
1 Purpose of City HRIDAY Plan
Taking into consideration the richness and diversity of communities in historic areas within 12 heritage cities
heritage, both cultural and natural in the form of its across India. Conservation of heritage for sustained use,
topography, wildlife, history, architecture, religion, improved services, enhanced security and cleanliness,
culture and tradition, the countrys potential for tourism improved livelihood opportunities, and an overall
is vast, albeit not fully realized. Urban settlement, rejuvenation of heritage precincts through an explicit
particularly those of heritage value, often tend to be expression of its unique character, achieving an
overcrowded, with insanitary conditions , and aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative,
inadequately provided for in terms of basic inclusive and secure environment are sought to be
infrastructure like roads, public utilities, waste achieved. HRIDAY also seeks to establish an approach
management, street lights, etc., that inhibit them from through heritage sensitive urban planning that taps the
being attractive to tourists. While several attempts have potential underlying in cultural tourism by harnessing
been made in the past to resolve these issues and the power of indigenous resources, locally available
improve the environment in historic areas, more knowledge, accessible technology, skilled craftsmanship
specifically where well known monuments are located, and traditional economy. Launched in partnership with
the problem that has correctly been identified by the State Governments, private sector, academic
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, institutions and local communities, the scheme
as the factor behind the failure of these previous efforts emphasizes to address infrastructure which could
is the isolation of heritage protection and conservation include Physical, Institutional, Economic and Social
needs from the improvement of areas surrounding infrastructure. As an initial model, the twelve cities that
heritage sites as part of urban development, city level the scheme focuses on are Amaravati, Gaya, Dwarka,
planning, economic development linked with livelihood Badami, Puri, Amritsar, Ajmer, Kanchipuram,
opportunities, creation of public spaces for cultural Velankanni, Warangal, Mathura and Varanasi.
revitalisation and formal and informal systems for
participation to identify aspirations of the contiguous The structure defined for the implementation of the
communities. A multiplicity of organizations with HRIDAY scheme is through the constitution of
strictly defined areas of work, and weak capacity of National Advisory Committee (NAC), HRIDAY
Urban Local Bodies, have further added to the list of National Empowered Committee (HNEC), National
challenges. Technical Committee and National Mission Directorate
at the National level, and the City Level Advisory &
In a renewed attempt to address these problems, the Monitoring Committee (CLAMC) and City Mission
Heritage City Development and Augmentation Directorate at City level. The HRIDAY City Anchors
Yojana (HRIDAY) has been launched as a holistic (HCA) are closely associated with all the stakeholders at
scheme of development for not only some select the city level and described above for the successful
heritage components of cities, but urbanity as an implementation of the scheme. This relationship has
entirety so as to provide an improved quality of life to been explained in the following graphic.
2 | City Hriday Plan - Puri

Figure 1-1 HRIDAY Scheme- hierarchy and scope of work for appointed consultants (City PMU)
Source: Project Team
City HRIDAY Plan Strategic Framework: An integrated approach for Heritage Management and Urban
Planning
As with all proposals and design initiatives within and
around heritage sites, it is essential that they capture the
spirit of the place through strategic heritage sensitive
development strategies which protect the authenticity
and integrity of the character of the city and its
component parts. It is thus, important to identify
attributes of value, themes and guidelines through the
CHP to inform policies for development which are then
taken forward in detail, through descriptions of
appropriate vocabulary of interventions, in the
preparation of the DPR Toolkit. Heritage conservation
and development around it requires to be based on
principles of cultural equity potential of which can be
tapped for economic equity, however, it is essential to
ensure developing cultural assets for appropriate
sustainable uses.
Figure 1-2 Features of the Integrated Development Framework
The process driven methodologies and outputs that Source: Project Team
HRIDAY endeavours to achieve in the course of the overall plan would be based on a strategic framework
project implementation the good practice of inclusive intrinsic to sustainable development. The HRIDAY
development contributing to shaping a better project, through such initiatives, in heritage sensitive
environment for both inhabitants and visitors. The
IPE Global in consortium with CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. | 3
development in fact can create a model framework for of the CHP must be dovetailed into the master plan
integrated development for heritage management and and other notified development plan.
urban planning.
1. To create a strategic framework, it is critical to 3. It can be broadly summarized that heritage

understand issues and challenges faced by heritage responsive infrastructure development are required
sites (more specifically sacred sites) and the cities at four levels :
they are housed within. Heritage monuments and a. Infrastructure needs within the heritage
sites are magnets in the city landscape which attract site
an influx of visitors and are often centres of intense b. Infrastructure needs within the setting of
activity. The use within these sites and their pull the site
factor are also far beyond the carrying capacities of c. Infrastructure needs towards developing
the site. We witness a type of ingrown linkages between group or cluster of sites
development at these centres; a type of disturbing d. Infrastructure development to de-stress
inverse expansion. As a result the demand on the current conditions within heritage sites by
city infrastructure is stretched far beyond their creating off shore infrastructure. This
capacity, this was evident when back flow of storm would primarily service the needs and
water was witnessed, in September 2014, into the demands of heritage sites
circumambulatory pathway of the Sri Harmandir
Sahib complex. It is palpable that strategies for
enhancement of infrastructure is necessary to be
developed which are based on value based
approach for the site and the settings in
consultation with the stakeholders. A Risk
management/ Disaster Preparedness plan is
necessary to be integrated within the management
and development strategy for these sites and the
setting.
2. The buffer areas around heritage sites are defined

for the purpose of de-congesting sites and are
regulated by law (for state and ASI protected sites)
but most often lack implementation on ground on
account of several factors one of the key being the
lack of integration within the city development Figure 1-3 the Four Tiered Hierarchy of Infrastructure Development
plans. It is critical that all plans developed as part


Chapter Two
Introduction to the
City
2.1. Introduction
2.2 History
2.3. Regional Setting

2.4 Physiography and Climate
2.5 Forest and Biodiversity
BiversityBiodiverPhysiography
2.6. Demography
and Climate
2.7 Tourist Footfall
2.8 Economy
2.9 Tourism Infrastructure
Introduction to the city -Puri
2 Puri City
2.1 Introduction
A coastal city on the Bay of Bengal, in Odisha, the city of Advaita Vedanta that were established by Adi
of Puri requires no introduction. Forming a tip of the Shankara in the 8th Century C.E, with the others being
popular Golden Triangle followed by tourists in the located at Jyotirmath, Dwarka and Sringeri. Parallel to
East of the country along with Konark and being among the best-known pilgrimages of India, it is
Bhubaneswar, the city is a masterful medley of long also the foremost proponent of Jagannatha culture in
stretches of beaches pulsating with life and a legacy of the world, attracting millions of devotees, onlookers
extraordinary architectural heritage, replete with a and tourists both domestic and international
strong undercurrent of religious fervour stemming throughout the year, on various occasions. The city
from Jagannatha culture. hosts more than 24 festivals each year with the Ratha
Yatra being the grandest, and best attended of them all.
A prominent centre of pilgrimage that is simultaneously
endowed with the natural blessings of azure seas and Puri, as a settlement, is more than a thousand years old.
lush forests in the vicinity, Puri hosts millions of Being a Hindu religious centre, its planning is said to be
pilgrims and tourists around the year, with the based on the Vaastu Purushu Mandala, with many meta-
concentration reaching its peak during the annual Rath physical aspects informing the towns design. The built
Yatra Festival, when millions of devotees throng to Puri heritage of the city is the culmination of close knit
from across the world, to pay homage to Lord residential quarters that have grown surrounding the
Jagannatha and participate in the pulling of his chariot. abode of the citys presiding deity Lord Jagannatha,
and a plethora of temples, mathas, ashramas, akhadas,
jagagharas, mandapas, gosalas, pokharis and analogous
religious structures that one encounters at every turn,
featuring prominently among other secular buildings.
The citys life, be it social, economic or cultural, all
revolve around the seat of Vishnu at the Jagannathaa
temple a lofty, 1,000 year old stone structure built
according to the Pancharatha tradition following the
Kalinga style of architecture sitting at the very heart
of the city and leading to the city often being referred
to as Jagannathaa Puri or Purusottama Puri.
One of the most fascinating littoral districts of Odisha,

Image 2-1 the Diverse Heritage of Odisha
the city of Puri, as well as its surroundings, reflect the
Source: flickr.com cultural heritage of the region through a multitude of
vibrant art forms. These encompass stone sculptures
The origin of the spiritual fervour that dominates the
influenced primarily by the temple carvings, the dance
city even today can be traced back to as early as the 4th
form of Odissi the oldest of Indian classical dance
Century C.E., to the Garuda Puran that alludes to Puri
forms, Patachitram a tradition of hand painting fabrics
and ranks it amidst the likes of Ayodhya, Mathura,
with organic colours, metalwork in brass and bronze,
Gaya, Kasi, Kanchi, Avantika and Dvaravati as one of
silver filigree work, lacquer crafts, Patta the painting
the holiest places in India. Additionally, Puri is also
of Gods on palm leaf manuscripts, wood carvings,
considered to be one of the 4 pilgrimages that constitute
weaving of silk fabrics in Sambalpuri, Bomkai and Ikkat
the Chaar Dhaam quadrangle with Badrinath, Dwarka
styles
and Rameshwaram. It is also revered as the site of
Govardhan Matha, one of the four cardinal institutions
As the English word born out of the Rath Yatra 2.2.1 Ancient
experience juggernaut suggests, the city of Puri is a
(Vedic to 9th Century C.E)
phenomenon of momentous cultural implication that
Though the very existence of Puri is attributed to the
has a potential which once initiated cannot be stopped.
Jagannatha Temple, it is not certain when the temple
was first established and the settlements came into
2.2 History being. In legends, it is connected to the epic
The origin of Puri dates back to a period when the Mahabharata. When funeral fires failed to consume
region was inhabited by dhibar (fishermen) and shabar Krishnas dead body, then directed by the heavens,
(hunter gatherers) pre-Dravidian, pre-Aryan tribes Arjuna placed the body on sea. Floating in the form of
belonging to the Austro-Asiatic family. A number of
a log, the body travelled for thousands of years from
references can also be found in the Puranas and other Dwarka on the Western Coast to the Eastern shores of
ancient scriptures that establish the existence and the country, where it was found by Indradyumna, King
importance of Puri as early as the 4th Century C.E. The of Malava1. While the temple has been demolished and
ancient port of Puri was a prominent participant in the
rebuilt several times since then, it is from that same log
maritime trading activity that occurred in the Eastern that the deities of Puri are claimed to have been created.
coast of India from the 3rd century B. C.E. to the 3rd Thus, the early history of Puri is shrouded in mystery,
century C.E. Later, owing to its religious association
based primarily on hypotheses and widely disputed.
with Sankaracharya, Puri became one of the centres for
the practice of reformed Hinduism in the 8th Century The earliest references to the settlement of Puri are
C.E. During the 7th and 8th centuries, Puri also served found in Acharya Sayans commentaries in the Rig
as a provincial outpost that linked Eastern India with Vedas2. Of the several versions regarding the initiation
South India. After the establishment of the Jagannatha of these settlements, the most widely accepted theory is
Temple, the spiritual facets of Puri were revitalized in that the area owes its origin to the early settlements of
12th Century C.E. as an important centre of pilgrimage. an Austro-Asiatic tribe of fishermen and hunter-
gatherers. The entire region between River Kapasia to
the North and river Godavari to the South was known
as Kalinga an important janapada according to
Paninis Astadhyayi written in 5th century B.C.E. Such
was the might of Kalinga as a maritime power that king
of Kalinga was referred to as Mahadodhipati or the
Lord of the Seas by Kalidasa in Raghuvamsa.
Further testimony through physical evidences towards

the presence of civilization in the region 1st century
B.C.E onwards can be found at the honeycombed cliffs
of Udaygiri and Khandagiri, where many rock cut caves
and edicts have been discovered. From 3rd century
B.C.E to the 3rd century C.E, Samapa, Tosali and
Kalinga Nagara were all important trading centres along
the East Coast of India. In the ancient site of the sea-
Image 2-2 Patachitra of Jagannath Temple Complex circa 1820-30 port of Manikapatna 45 kms South of Puri,
Source: indianminiaturepaintings.co.uk
excavations have revealed cultural deposits from 2
1 Puri City Development Plan, 2006, Evolution of Puri Town, p.12.

2 Puri City Development Plan, 2006, Evolution of Puri Town, p. 12.
Image 2-3 Historic photograph of Jagannath Temple

Source: oldindianphotos.com
periods. The first includes pot shards and have been travelogues as Chelitaloching or Charitrapur4 -- a haven
dated from 2nd to 6th century B.C.E, while the latter for seafaring merchants and foreigners from distant
consisting of jade green celadons have been dated to be lands.
from 9th century C.E to the early part of 19th century.
While no complete habitation structures were 2.2.2 Medieval History
discovered, it has been established beyond doubt that (9th TO 15th Century C.E)
Manikapatna was among the most prominent ports in It was after the 9th century that Puri began to gain
the East coast, bearing close trade relations with China3. prominence as a pilgrimage and populaces started to
This development of Sino-Indian association can be migrate and settle in the holy city, after it was declared
further ascertained through the Chinese traveller one of the four dhaams by Shankaracharya. Later, in the
Xuanzangs visit to Puri during the wave of Buddhism 10th century, as the first temple erected by
that swept across Orissa following the reign of Mauryan Indradyumna began to crumble, it was King Yayati
Emperor Ashoka, when he recorded the city in his Kesari of Somvamsi Dynasty that built the second
3Puri: A study of Early Trade and Pilgrim Routes, Dr. Sunil Kr Patnaik, 4The Ancient Geography of India: I. The Buddhist Period, Including the
Odisha Review, p. 103-108. Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang, Sir Alexander
Cunningham, Cambridge Press, p.510-512.
temple, probably on the same spot. King Black Pagoda, as they were respectively known as,
Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva of the Ganga served as important landmarks during navigation.
Dynasty, initiated the building activities for the third (Patnaik)
and present temple in the early 12th century, which was
completed by his grandson, Anangabhima Deva III. As
the shrine was then known as Purushottama
Jagannatha, the settlement around it came to be known
as Purushottama Kshetra or Purushottama Puri5.
Trade relations continued to flourish during this period

as proved by the excavations at Manikpatna that reveal
a fantastic array of products ranging from fabric,
roulette ware, knobble ware, egg white glazed and
glazed chocolate, Arabic ware, keoline ware, Chinese
celadon, Chinese porcelain, black grey and red ware,
Ceylonese coins, Shah Alam coins, East India Company
coins, British medals, Mughal coins, Chinese coins ,
harpoons, spearheads, fishhooks, game pieces, iron
Map 2-1 Map of the Orissa coast showing the Jagannath and Konarak temples 1820
beads, terracotta figurines and many other objects Source: British Library
establishing Orissas trade relations with China,
England, Europe and Mediterranean countries.
Another thriving port during the Ganga reign was that

at Khalkatapatna near Konark that also participated
majorly in maritime trade with China. Other locations
within the Puri district that took part in overseas trade
include Banikapatna, Balipatna, Bandari,
Vandareshwara, Boitabhangatutha, Bedapurapatna,
Kakatapur, Boiyitakuda and Jahajpadiya. That Puri was
at the very heart of this multicultural trade cycle is
chronicled in the Madalapanji records of the
Jagannath Temple that recalls the presence of Yavanas
foreigners such as the Persians, Greeks, Romans and
Chinese, in the historic city.
The Madalapanji also indicates the existence of

navigable water routes from Puri to southern Orissa
through Chilika6. The exact location and existence of
the Jagannath Temple as well as the Konark Sun
Temple were known to the international traders, as seen
from the exactitude of the maps found in the ship logs
of Captains Talbot (1680 C.E.), Hide (1681 C.E.) and
Lake(1683 C.E.). In fact the White Pagoda and the
5 Puri City Development Plan, 2006, Evolution of Puri Town, p. 12. 6Puri: A study of Early Trade and Pilgrim Routes, Dr. Sunil Kr Patnaik,
Odisha Review, June 2014, p 103-108
Map 2-2 Maritime Trade Routes and Ports

Source: Cultural Atlas of Orissa

2.2.3 Recent History

(15th Century and Later)
In the 16th century, Puri was affected after the battle of
Tribeni, when the Pathan Sultanate of Gaur was
defeated by the military alliance of Kalinga and
Bhurishreshtha. The contemporary political schemes
resulted in Muslim General Kalapahad destroying
major towns and religious places in the region
including Hijli, Cuttack, Jajpur, Sambalpur, Konark,
Ekamrakhsetra and Puri in 1568 C.E.
Later, under the Mughal Rule (15921751 C.E.), for the

purpose of revenue administration, Odisha was divided
into 3 circars Jaleswar, Bhadrak and Kataka, each of
which were further subdivided into bishis.Puri was then
a part of the Kataka circar, but after the occupation of
Odisha in 1751, the Marathas brought about some
changes in the revenue divisions of the province. They
divided Odisha, which then extended from the river
Suvarnarekha in the north to the lake Chilika in the
south, into the following 4 chakalas Pipli, Kataka,
Soro, and Balasore. According to this new division, Puri
came under the chakala of Pipli. The Chakalas were
further sub-divided into parganas, mahals or taluqs7.
In June 1804, the British conquerors divided the

province into 2 divisions, the Northern and the
Southern, with the river Mahanadi establishing their
intermediate boundary. Puri, in the Southern Division,
was made the capital of Odisha and also the head of the
administrative revenue affairs in the region until 1816.
In 1828, the province was divided into 3 districts
Balasore, Cuttack and Jagannatha (later renamed Puri).
After the Independence of India, the feudatory states of

Nayagarh, Daspalla, Khandapara, and Ranapur were
integrated with Odisha on 1 January, 1948. A separate
sub-division comprising these ex-states was added to
Puri District with their headquarters at Nayagarh. But
by the year 1995, the larger Puri District was separated
into 3 smaller districts Nayagarh, Khordha and Puri,
including Puri Sadar Subdivision only.
7 Puri District Gazeteer, History, p.66.

2.3 Regional Setting
The city of Puri is situated midway on a 67 kilometre While at one time these settlements were inhabited
long stretch of sandy beach along the Bay of Bengal, in exclusively by those associated actively with the temple,
the East coast of the country that extends between with the growing popularity of Rath Yatra and the city
Chilika and Konark. Geographically, it is bound by the itself, as a holy centre, the region saw a large influx of
sea to the South, Musa River to the North, Mangla permanent population. At present, though 80% of the
River to the West and the Balukhanda Reserved Forest economy is generated by the temple, other industries
to the East. The city itself stands on an unconsolidated also exist, with tourism featuring prominently among
bed of alluvial formations. them.
The initial growth of the town occurred with Puri is often referred to as Sankhakshetra. This
Jagannatha Temple as its epicentre, along a sandy tract nomenclature comes from the myth that the city was
defined by the Ganjam road and the Matiani stream, planned in the shape of a conch shell, 16 kilometres in
until the drying up of this stream changed the direction expanse, with more than 3 kilometres submerged in the
of its growth. Eight colonies known as sahis radiated sea. The temple of Lord Jagannatha was placed at the
outwards from the temple, housing a number of centre of this conch shell, atop the hillock of Nilagiri.
religious structures such as mathas, ashramas, jagagharas, Eight sahis or precincts radiated from it, each with a
pokharis and residences of priests and other members of presiding Shiva Temple. The temple of Loknath is said
the society that take part in the temples day-to-day to sit at the apical end of the conch shell, Indradyumna
activities and provide for its smooth functioning. These Tank at the tail end with the axis being created by the
eight earliest sahis were as Harachandi Sahi, Baseli Sahi, Bada Danda, connecting the temples of Jagannatha and
Kundhei Benta Sahi, Haragouri Sahi, Markandeshwar Shree Gundicha9.
Sahi, Choudanga Sahi, Bali Sahi and Matimandap Sahi8.
Map 2-3 the Bada Deula and Surrounding Sahis

Source CRCI
Outside the city limits, the fertile alluvium, watered by

the distributaries of River Mahanadi, is used for
agriculture, primarily in the form of rice cultivation.
8 Puri City Development Plan, 2006, Evolution of Puri Town, p. 11. 9 Puri City Development Plan 2006, Evolution of Puri Town, p. 13.
Map 2-4 Shanka Kshetra

2.4 Physiography and Climate

The district of Puri lies between the latitudes 1928'N
to 2635'N and longitudes 8429'E to 8625'E. It has a
geographical area of 3051 km2 or 264988 Ha. It has a 2.4.1 Geographical Features
varied geographical and geological divisions owing to Sea-coast Bays
the multiplicity of existing rock, soil, vegetation, water The length of the sea-coast of the district of Puri is
bodies and climate. nearly 150.4 km. long sandy ridges are found along the
sea-coast which stretch into the districts of Jagatsingpur
Puri is divided two natural regions, the littoral tract and and Ganjam. These ridges and dunes are formed by the
the level alluvial tract. While the littoral tract is a sandy strong monsoon currents which blow over the region
ridge that is believed to be an accumulation of for 8 months of the year. The ridges vary from about
windblown sand, the level alluvial tract is a region that 7 km to a few metres in width, and prevent most of the
covers the villages and the rice fields. The width of the rivers of the district from finding their way into the
littoral tract varies from 7 kilometres to a few hundred ocean. One such sandy ridge forms the lake Chilika by
meters and stretches along the coast. The alluvial tract separating it from the Bay of Bengal.
are watered by a number of channels that are
predominantly the distributaries of the river Mahanadi Islands
and are fertile lands used mostly for rice planting. There are no natural islands in Puri. However, the
Chilika Lake is segregated from the sea through some

landmasses formed by silt deposits, forming small navigable, tidal estuary of multiple smaller streams at
islands. Of these, the islands within the precincts of Puri the mouth of the sea where it is 0.8 km wide.
district are Nalbana Island, Baranikuda Islans and
Kankarkuda Island. Kushabhadra River- Kushabhadra is a branch of the
Kuakhai River that originates at Balianta and meets the
River Systems Bay of Bengal at the shrine of Ramachandi, located 15
All the rivers of Puri district have one common miles east of Puri after draining a span of nearly 65
characteristics; in summer they are reduced to beds of kilometres. Due to the interaction between the river
sand completely dry or with barely trickling streams current and the tidal action of the sea, the mouth of
of water, while in monsoon they flood the river beds as Kushabhadra is choked by sand bars which that check
the heavy rains inundate them with water more than is the drainage of heavy volumes of water during the rains,
their capacity. Most of these rivers are distributaries of making the river prone to flooding its embankments.
the River Mahanadi and are listed as:
Daya River- the Daya River is a distributary of River
Devi River: It is a distributary of the Katjuri River and Kuakhai, which in turn is a distributary of the
runs into Puri district on the extreme east in an Mahanadi. Originating at Sardeipur, the Daya River
elaborate network of numerous branches. It forms a runs South-west and drains into the North Eastern tip
Map 2-5 River and Lake System in and around Puri; Source: US Army and Google Maps
Source CRCI, from U.S.Army Base Map

of the Chilika Lake, after being joined by the Daya interconnected by various channel and finally join the
River. Two other tributaries of Daya River include the Suna Munhi River which falls into Bali Harchandi and
Gangua and Managuni, both of which, though small, ultimately drains to the Bay of Bengal Sea via the mouth
channel a considerable volume of water into the river. of Chilika. The South Kania gets lost in the marshes on
At the mouth of the Daya River, it faces a problem of the western shore of Chilika.
silt deposition that results in excessive shallowing of the
riverbed and hence overflow of water into the Bhargavi River is a water system which is challenging to
surrounding lowlands. manage as it constantly faces the threat of occurrence
of breaches, a likely event owing to two major facts. The
Bhargavi River- Another distributary of the Kuakhai first issue contributing towards this weakness is the
River, the Bhargavi River also originates near Sardeipur constriction of the river through the construction of
and follows a long, circuitous route of 85 kilometres embankments. Secondly, the current of the river is
before joining the Daya River and draining into the obstructed materially by the intensity of aquatic
Chilika Lake. The river breaks up into numerous vegetation along the river, and the cultivation of castor
distributaries in the last two and half miles of its course oil plantations on any cultivable piece of land between
of which the 4 main branches, all branching off from the embankments.
the left bank, are Kanchi, the East Kania, the Naya Nadi
and the South Kanchi. The first three streams are
Map 2-6 the Rivers Musa, Mangala and Estimated Course of Matiani

Of the rivers listed, the Bhargavi River and its beyond the Balukakhand Forest, is delineated by Nua
distributary streams of Nua Nai and Dhaudia are of Nai, another distributary of River Bhargavi. Originating
particular interest as they define the geography of Puri at Suanlo, 37.5 kilometres downstream from the point
City and have a direct impact on its environs. of origin of Bhargavi, and running southward till it
reaches the sea, the Nua Nai faces a problem of silt
Dhaudia River / Kanchi Nala/ Mangala The deposit along its course. In order to alleviate this
tributary of Dhaudia begins at Janakadeipur, on the left problem, the Gabkund Cut was excavated in 1984 for
bank of the Bhargavi River and moves South-west the smoother drainage. Similar to Mangala Cut, the
towards Puri City. The Dhaudia River defines the Gabkund Cut also faces the problem of saline ingress.
Western boundary of Puri, and is known locally known
as Mangala River or Jamuna River from the Mangala Further, delineating the Northern margin of the city, is
Ghat Bridge and onwards till the artificial estuary of another river, River Musa.
Mangala Cut, dug in 1961, that connects the river to the
sea. At present, the Mangla Cut Estuary is afflicted by Musa River Before the vast water body of the Sar
the issue of salt water ingress from the sea. Lake had disappeared owing to silting, the Musa river
was a stream that connected the Sar Lake and the
Nua Nai River Similar to the Mangala River defining Samang Lake. At present, the stream of water is
the Western Boundary of Puri City, its Eastern edge, perceivable only between Atharnala Bridge and Devi
Image 2-5 Condition of River at Devi Bridge

Source : Project Team
Image 2-5 Condition of River Musa at Atharnala Bridge


Ghat Bridge beyond which, on both sides the water said to have once flown down the centre of the Puri
channel disappears into large tracts of marshy land. City. The stream is hypothesized to have started from
Even within this stretch, water is barely visible beneath the Musa River, near Atharnala, and moved Southwards
the abundant growth of aquatic flora hyacinths and through Balagandi Sahi until it fell onto the sea at Banki
waterweeds that have completely choke the stream. Muhana. While vestiges of the channel proving its
Further, the discharge of untreated sewage from illegal earlier existence can be seen at the present water body
settlements lining the edge of the river have at Banki Muhana, the remaining path is conjectural10.
contaminated the water. While the stream once
connected to the Mangla River, this connection is no The many water bodies and holy tanks of Puri,
longer extant as temporary slum settlement block the particularly the Narendra Tank, Markandeshwar Tank
passage of the river. Owing to this disconnect from the and the Indradyumna Tank are said to have been
Mangala River though, the Musa River, unlike the historically fed by subterranean channels of water
Mangala and the Nua Nai still contains fresh water, directed to the tanks from the cities river system. At
untainted by salinity. present however, with the deteriorating condition of
the river, declining quality of water and inadequate
Matiani River Reduced now to memory of a river, information regarding the connections between rivers
the Matiani River, also known as the Malini River, is and tanks, the tanks have deteriorated equally.
10Rout, Pramod. Meeting at Collectors Office, Personal interview, 4 Sept.

2015.
Lakes
The district of Puri has 3 prominent lakes, namely Sar The Sar Lake, was classified as a flooded area in
the Chilika Lake, Sar Lake and Samang Lake. the Kushabhadra Bhargavi Doab in the 1920s, with an
area of 810 hectares of marshy land formed by the
The water at Chilika Lake is unsafe for daily use owing backwater of River Bhargavi11. At present, it has almost
to its high Sodium content and ringworm infestation, lost its existence. The fertile alluvial deposited on this
but it provides excellent opportunities for the floodplain is used today for the cultivation of paddy and
pisciculture industry, particularly concerning shrimp, dalua.
prawn and crabs. The remarkable range of avifauna
found in Chilika also makes it a significant spot for eco Samang The Samang Lake lies to the North of Puri
and wildlife tourism. Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary is one and along with Shree Kona village forms a 600 Acres of
of the biggest breeding habitats for flamingos in the water field used to supply Sweet Water to Puri and
world and hosts a multitude of migratory birds, Shamuka.
transforming the lagoon into a birdwatchers paradise
every winter. Also prosperous in aquatic species, the
basin houses different species of crustaceans, fish and
aquatic mammals including the critically endangered
Irrawaddy Dolphin.
Image 2-6 Pisciculture at Chilika Lake

Source CRCI
11 Puri District Gazeteer, General, p.18.

Image 2-8 Chilika Lake and the Sandy Ridge separating it from Bay of Bengal beyond
Image 2-8 Chilika Lake

2.4.2 Climate
Lying South of the Tropic of Cancer, Puri experiences flooding rivers and even smaller, local water bodies.
a moderate tropical maritime climate where the Puri faces the south west monsoon in June, and
maximum temperature reaches 36 C and the minimum temperatures fall to around 27 C till September. The
remains above 15 C. Being a coastal town, the pleasant precipitation peaks to around 250 mm during July and
weather of Puri is influenced largely by the sea, through August, dipping subsequently to approximately 127 mm
the production of land and sea breezes. by October. Average precipitation is 220 mm. The
climate becomes extremely humid during monsoons
The summer in Puri lasts from March to June. The with humidity being well above 70%. The sea also
mercury rises to 36 C and the days are hot and windy. becomes turbulent during in this time, often resulting
In summer the temperature dips to a minimum of 27 C in the beaches being prohibited to tourists.
- 28 C only. There are sudden rainfalls which cause the
humidity in the city to rise due to the proximity of the The period between October and February is cool with
sea, but average precipitation is limited to 65 mm only. the temperature varying from 17 oC to 28 oC. Humidity
also dips, and precipitation is at an average of 23 mm.
The monsoon months of June to September receive a
good and continuous amount of rainfall in Puri, often
Table 2-1 Weather Chart for Puri;
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
27 29 30 32 33 32 31 31 32 32 29 27
Average high C (F)
(81) (84) (86) (90) (91) (90) (88) (88) (90) (90) (84) (81)
18 20 24 26 27 27 27 27 27 25 20 16
Average low C (F)
(64) (68) (75) (79) (81) (81) (81) (81) (81) (77) (68) (61)
Average
10 21 15 12 54 184 268 301 243 164 64 5
precipitation mm
(0.39) (0.83) (0.59) (0.47) (2.13) (7.24) (10.55) (11.85) (9.57) (6.46) (2.52) (0.2)
(inches)
Source: weather2travel.com

2.5 Forest and Biodiversity Dry Mixed-deciduous Forest - The canopy is formed
The forests of Puri district fall mostly under the entirely of deciduous trees like Sahaja (Terminilia
classification of dry, evergreen or semi-evergreen tomentosa), Chara (Buchanania latifolia) and Karada
category of vegetation, and show a remarkable mlange (Helictares isora).
of diversity, in terms of both flora and fauna, as it Dry Sal Forest - Sal of low quality occurs in these areas
traverses from the coast and further inland. Types of mixed with other species and the crop is open.
vegetation include the following as:
Riverine Forest - The characteristic species found are
2.5.1 Flora Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna) and Pani Gambhari (Trewia
Coastal Semi-evergreen Forest - This forest contains nudiflora).
deciduous trees, mainly Sal (Shorea robusta) in the top
storey and trees of evergreen species like kanta bamboo Induced Scrub Forest - The main tree growth is poor
and canes in the lower canopy and undergrowth. and open, and the forests have a dense undergrowth
which are thorny, impalatable for cattle, and used
Coastal Sal Forest - This type of forest contain semi primarily as fuel. The most common variants include
evergreen variants of sal, mixed with miscellaneous Zizyphus, Gardenia and Flacourtia.
species in the top storey, and salia, daba, kanta,
bamboos and many evergreen small shrubs as Forest on eroded land - Sal is of sporadic occurrence,
undergrowth. with stunted and diseased. Suam (Soymida febrifuga),
Khaira (Acacia catechu) and Gohira being common
Moist Sal Forest - Sal is the solitary, characteristic species occurring in these areas.
species of this type and tends grows in luxuriant
abundance. Apart from the vegetation described above, there are
6,880 hectares of land under artificial cultivation of teak
Moist Mixed deciduous Forest Sal is almost scarce plantation. Plantation of Casuarina is also common in
in this type, and instead there are a number of dominant Puri, particularly in the eastern edge of the city, where
species like Asan (Terminilia tomentosa), Dhaura 35 acres of land has been covered by Casuarina
(Anogeissus latifolia), Kuruma (Adina cordifolia), all plantation as part of the Balukhand Range, to conserve
indistinguishably mixed. the top-soil of the Chakratirtha Sweet Water Zone.
Moist Bamboo Brakes- Only one species of bamboo
known as the Salia, forms these brakes.

2.5.2 Fauna
Mammals: Most frequently encountered mammals of pondicerianus), Indian Button Quail (Turnix tanki) and
this region include the spotted deer, black buck, jungle Indian Busard (Otis nigriceps), the Chilika Lake in
cat, hyena, jackal, hare, etc. While the Balukhand particular, is home to a an even richer multitude of
Sanctuary is particularly famous as a habitat for the deer avian species.
and black buck, their numbers have been dwindling
over the recent years. The passage of a National The hill islands of Chilika serve as the breeding ground
Highway connecting Puri and Konark, the rapidly of several species of birds, such as the White-bellied Sea
shrinking forest cover, and continuous intrusion of Eagle (Haliacetus leucogaster) , the Little Cormorant (
humans into forested areas for livelihood needs and the Phalacrocorax niger), the Gendalia ( Anastomus
resultant conflicting interaction also takes a toll on the oscitans) , the Grey herons ( Ardea cinerea), the Pond
animal life. Heron. Furthermore, every year in winter, besides the
indigenous species, flocks of ducks, storks and other
migratory birds are migrate to Chilika.
The common winter visitors incluse the Grey duck (

anas poecilorhyncha),the Cotton Teal (Nettapus
Image 2-9 Common species of Mammals found in Puri, Odisha coromandelianus), the Greylag Foose (Anser anser ),
the Barheaded Goose(Anser indicus), the Ruddy
Birds: While various species of birds abound in the Shelduck(Tadorna ferruginea), Brahminy Duck
landscape of Puri such as the Common peafowl (Pavo (Tadorna ferruginea) and the Lesser Whistling Teal(
cristatus), Red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), Red Spurfowl Dendrocygna javanica).
(Galloperdix spadecia), Black Patridge (Francolinus
francolinus), Grey Patridge (Francolinus
Image 2-10 Common Homogenous and Migratory Bird Species found in Puri

Reptiles: Common reptiles found in suburban and varieties. Shoals of Hilsa are also found to migrate
rural Puri include the Godhi or Monitor lizard (Varanus upstream the river Daya. The list of fishes found in Puri
monitor) and the pohala endua or Chameleon district arranged according to the habitation in fresh, or
(Chameleon zeylanicus), which is common in wooded brackish water are as:
areas. In both plains, as well as in the hill tracts, the
Ahiraja or King cobra (Najja hannah) is common, along Fresh Water : Catla catla (Bhakur), Labeo rohita(Rohi),
with 2 more variations of cobras, locally known as Labeo calbasu (Kalabainsi),Cirrhina mrigala(Mirkali),
Tampa (Naja naja kaouthia) and the Naga or Gokhara Cirrhina reba(Pohala),Labeo bata(Raj pohala ),Wallago
(Naja naja). The Kaudia Chiti or the Common Krait attu (Balia), Mystus aor (Adi),Ophicephalus striatus
(Bungarus caeruleus) and the Rana or the Banded Krait (Seula), Notopterus chitala (Chitala), Anabas scandens
(Bangarus fasciatus) are also found. Among non - (Kau),Clarius batrachus(Magur), Barbus species
poisonous snakes in the district are Ajagara (Python (Kerandi),Barbus tor(Baisali).
molurus), Dhamana (Ptyas mucosus) and Dhanda
Brackish Water: Mugil cephalus (Khainga), Liza
(Natrix piscator). Crocodiles, in the district are
troschelli (Dangala), Chanos chanos (Seba khainga),
restricted to south - eastern parts in the Devi River.
Lates calcarifer (Bhekti), Sciaena ruselli (Boraga),
Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), a fish eating alligator is
Penaeus carinatus Bagda chinguri), Penaeus carinatus
more commonly found.
(Kantal chinkuri), Hilsa ilisha (Ilishi).
Fish: The Chilika Lake forms a storehouse of fishes
and abounds in Mullets, Pomfrets, besides many other
Image 2-11 Common Reptile Species found in Puri

Source CRCI
Image 2-12 Common Fish Species found in Puri

Source CRCI

The Puri district has two significant forests: The Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary: Exhibiting a remarkable
Balukhand Konark Wildlife Sanctuary and the Chilika range of biodiversity is the Chilika Lake. With a wide
Wildlife Sanctuary. While the former is reputed for its range of flora and fauna both terrestrial and aquatic,
mammalian population, specifically the Black Buck, and found in and around the brackish water of the lake,
the nesting beaches of the Olive Ridley Trutles, the Chilka is a paradise for the bird-lovers and
latter is renowned for the splendor of its brackish ornithologists worldwide, particularly for aquatic and
biology. migratory species. Some of the most important species
that can be witnessed here are white bellied sea eagles,
Balukhand Konark Wildlife Sanctuary - Situated graylag geese, purple moorhen, flamingo, jacana, and
along the coast between Puri and Konark, the herons. Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary is also one of the
Balukhand-Konark sanctuary is traversed by the creeks biggest breeding habitats for flamingos in the world.
of Nuanai, Kusabhadra, Kadua and Prachi. It extends Apart from the avi-faunal species, the region also
from Banki Muhana near Puri, to Keluni Muhan near houses a variety of wildlife such as blackbuck, golden
Daluakani. The coastal ecosystem has luxuriant jackals, spotted deer and hyenas. Chilika Lake is also
vegetation and undisturbed sandy beaches. While the prosperous in aquatic species with the basin area
forest boast of a strong population of spotted deer and boasting of 160 different species of crustaceans, fish
Black bucks, the sand spits at river mouths provide and aquatic mammals including the endangered
favourable nesting sites for the endangered Olive Ridley Irrawaddy Dolphin.
Sea turtles. This coastal eco-system has a sparse
distribution of mangrove vegetation with majority of
mangroves being confined to the confluence of rivers
Kadua and Prachi with the Bay of Bengal. Casuarina
trees introduced in the area during 1916-17 occur along
the entire coast of Balukhand-Konark sanctuary. Other
vegetation of the sanctuary comprises primarily the
cashew plantation.
Map 2-7 Wildlife Sanctuaries in Puri

Source: Project Team and U.S. Army Maps

2.6 Demography There was change of 13.05 percent in the population

According to the census of 2011, released by compared to population as per 2001. In the previous
Directorate of Census Operations in Odisha, the Census of India 2001, Puri district recorded increase of
enumeration and statistics of the Puri district, as 15.12 percent to its population compared to 1991.
compared to the same in 2001 in the following table. 12 The initial provisional data released by Census of India
In 2011, Puri district had population of 1,698,730 of 2011, shows that density of Puri district for 2011 is 488
which male and female were 865,380 and 833,350 people per sq. km. In 2001, Puri district density was at
respectively. In 2001 census, the area had a population 432 people per sq. km. Puri district administers 3,479
of 1,502,682 of which males were 763,389 and square kilometres of areas.
remaining 739,293 were females.
DESCRIPTION 2011 2001
Actual Population 1,698,730 1,502,682

Male 865,380 763,389
Female 833,350 739,293
Population Growth 13.05% 15.12%
Area Sq. Km 3,479 3,479
Density/km2 488 432
Proportion to Odisha Population 4.05% 4.08%
Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 963 968
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 932 931
Average Literacy 84.67 77.96
Male Literacy 90.85 88.08
Female Literacy 78.28 67.57
Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 172,888 188,558
Male Population (0-6 Age) 89,496 97,664
Female Population (0-6 Age) 83,392 90,894
Literates 1,291,939 1,024,523
Male Literates 704,857 586,378
Female Literates 587,082 438,145
Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 10.18% 12.55%
12 Directorate of Census Operations in Odisha, 2011, Govt. of Odisha.

Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 10.34% 12.79%

Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 10.01% 12.29%
2.6.1 Literacy Rate child sex ratio is 932 girls per 1000 boys compared to
Average literacy rate of Puri in 2011 were 84.67 figure of 931 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data.
compared to 77.96 of 2001. If things are looked at
gender wise, male and female literacy were 90.85 and 2.6.3 Puri Child Population 2011
78.28 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6
at 88.08 and 67.57 in Puri district. Total literate in Puri age were also collected for all districts including Puri.
district were 1,291,939 of which male and female were There were total 172,888 children under age of 0-6
704,857 and 587,082 respectively. In 2001, Puri district against 188,558 of 2001 census. Of total 172,888 male
had 1,024,523 in its district. and female were 89,496 and 83,392 respectively. Child
Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 932 compared to 931
2.6.2 Puri Sex Ratio 2011 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed
With regards to Sex Ratio in Puri, it stood at 963 per 10.18 percent of Puri District compared to 12.55
1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 968. The percent of 2001. There was net change of -2.37 percent
average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest in this compared to previous census of India.
reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 census,
Urban Agglomerations inside Puri District Population Male Female
There is no Urban Agglomeration inside Puri District
Cities inside Puri District Population Male Female
Puri Town (Municipality) 201,026 104,267 96,759
Description Rural Urban
Population (%) 84.40 % 15.60 %
Total Population 1,433,800 264,930
Male Population 728,213 137,167
Female Population 705,587 127,763
Sex Ratio 969 931
Child Sex Ratio (0-6) 933 926
Child Population (0-6) 147,983 24,905
Male Child(0-6) 76,563 12,933
Female Child(0-6) 71,420 11,972

Child Percentage (0-6) 10.32 % 9.40 %
Male Child Percentage 10.51 % 9.43 %
Female Child Percentage 10.12 % 9.37 %
Literates 1,082,202 209,737
Male Literates 591,850 113,007
Female Literates 490,352 96,730
Average Literacy 84.16 % 87.38 %
Male Literacy 90.82 % 90.96 %
Female Literacy 77.32 % 83.54 %
Regarding data specific to Puri City, the demography of the wards were enumerated during the Census 2011 as attached
in A3 fold-out:

From the data received, densities were derived and along the Bada Danda and Swargdwar Road. Thus these
mapped to show a condition typical to Indian cities areas can be assumed to be in urgent need of heritage
highly populated heritage cores with decreasing sensitive infrastructuctural interventions, whereas the
population density as one moves outwards. As in most newly developing fringe areas, shown as areas of lower
cases, this has given rise to congested cores around density are more in need of basic infrastructure to
Shree Jagannath Temple and Gundicha Temple and enable a planned growth.
Ward Population Area Density

No. (in Sq (individual/Sq km)
m)
1 9343 1126603 8293
2 4020 155081 25921
3 4210 113860 36975
4 3756 104569 35918
5 10203 1041930 9792
6 3819 1023739 3730
7 8938 765652 11673
8 4603 346215 13295
9 4831 156162 30935
10 4522 181218 24953
11 5962 220853 26995
12 4544 199992 22720
13 3812 199292 19127
14 5747 782578 7343
15 4587 177992 25770
16 5591 267059 20935
17 4456 229310 19432
18 4025 116038 34686
19 5324 550588 9669
20 4329 144354 29988
21 5323 758308 7019
22 6108 345358 17685
23 6478 255246 25379
24 6012 310048 19390
25 9870 896195 11013
26 10064 288429 34892
27 8141 854508 9527 Density Index
28 9110 621521 14657
29 9098 517532 17579 Low 0-10000
30 6778 585385 11578 Medium Low 10000-20000
31 11701 2721712 4299 Medium High 20000-30000
32 5259 328745 15997 High 30000-40000

1: Existing and Proposed Land Use; Source: PKDA
2: Density Distribution in Puri; Source: Project Team
The distribution of population, when perceived in Western end of the city where the city is currently
comparison to the existing land use, it is seen that the growing along the Bramhagiri Road. Ideally, the sweet
high density zones remain in the older parts of the city water zones that cover the majority of wards 6, 7 and
around the temples, around Chakratirtha and along 31 should all show low density, but while Ward 31 --
Bada Danda and Swargdwar Road. The zone dedicated Chakratirtha Sweet Water Zone is not populated, the
to commercial use along the Marine Drive Road and Sweet Water Zone of Baliapanda shows cause for
the institutional zone (Ward 14, 19, 24, 25) also show comcern as it is populated.
medium to low density. Low density also exists at the
Appraisal of Heritage and Cultural Assets of Puri
2.7 Tourist Footfall

Tourism is considered to be a global high growth As per provisional statistics, 7.42 million foreign
industry, with over 700 million tourists travelling tourists arrived in India in 2014, an increase by 7.4%
internationally, generating an estimated receipt of 500 from the 6.96 million arrivals in 2013, ranking India as
billion U.S Dollars. 13 Additionally, the industry has a the 38th country in the world on the basis of foreign
multiplier effect on the economy through generating tourist arrivals. India was found to be most popular
foreign exchange potential and tourism based scopes of with tourists from United States (16%) and United
employment. Thus, with tourism being an industry that Kingdom (12.6%). In domestic travel, tourist arrival to
is able to generate higher levels of economic output all the states and union territories amounted to 1,036.35
with relatively lesser levels of capital investment. The million on 2012, a 16.5% increase from that in 201119.
benefits of tourism sector is especially significant in
developing economies like India, where capital In an overall ranking for Travel and Tourism
accessibility is scarce and employment Competitiveness, India was ranked internationally at 68,
generationactivity is high. with Price Competitiveness of Indian tourism being
ranked at 20th, quality of Air Transport at 39th, and
Though India holds a share of only 0.4% international Ground Transport Infrastructure at 42nd20. However,
tourists, and a GDP of merely 6.6% as opposed to the certain areas of infrastructure that were found to be
global contribution of 11.6% 14 , paired with a large
volume of domestic travellers travelling primarily for
pilgrimages, the tourism industry of India still accounts
for the generation of 6.4 trillion annually, while
supporting 39.5 million jobs, 7.7% of the nations total
employment. 15 The World Tourism Organization
reported on 2012, that Indias receipts from tourism
ranked 16th in the world and 7th in the Asia Pacific
Region.16
However, compared to global averages the industry has

not yet scaled its full potential. Geographically smaller
countries have managed successfully, unlike many other
smaller countries that are generating much higher
revenues than India. Still, the sector has been predicted
to grow at an average of 7.9% from 2013 to 202317,
giving India the 3rd rank among countries with the
fastest growing tourism industries over the next
decade.18 under-developed, such as the distribution of hotel
13 "WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index". World Economic 17 "India: How does Travel & Tourism compare to other
Forum. 2013. Retrieved 5 August 201 sectors?" (PDF). World Travel and Tourism Council. 17 September 2012.
14 World Tourism and Travel Council
Retrieved 5 August 2015.
15 "India: How does Travel & Tourism compare to other sectors?" (PDF). 18 "Travel & Tourism 2013" (PDF). World Travel and Tourism Council.
World Travel and Tourism Council. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 5 August Retrieved 5 August 20.
2015. 19 "Indias Domestic Tourists increase by 16% crossing 1 Billion
16 "Rank in Tourism" (Press release). Press Information Bureau,
Mark". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
Government of India. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2015. 20 The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013
rooms per capita by international comparison and low Table 2-4 Tourist Visits in Odisha Month-wise, 2013
ATM penetrationi.
Within Indian States, the position of Odisha is 19th in

Domestic Travel and 18th in Foreign Travel with
respective footfalls for the year 2013 having been
recorded at 98, 00,135 and 66,675 respectively21.
Individual data for the city of Puri has not yet been
supplied to the HCA by the Department of
Tourism.
Table 2-2 Domestic and Foreign Tourist Arrival in Odisha, 201322
Table 2-5 Seasonal Pattern of Tourist Arrival in Odisha, 2013
Table 2-3 Domestic and Foreign Tourist Visits in Odisha (2004 -13)
Table 2-6 Largest and Least Monthly Tourist Inflows, 2013
Table 2-7 Foreign Tourist Arrival in Odisha vis--vis India, 2013
Table 2-8 Visits in Odisha in Comparison with India and the World (in millions)
21
Indian Tourism Statistics
22
Tables 1-10: Statistical Bulletin 2013, Department of Tourism, Govt. of
Odisha

Tables 8 and 9: Country-wise and State-wise breakup of Foreign and Domestic Tourists in Odisha, 2013
Table 2-9 Tourism Receipt in Odisha expressed as Rupees in Crores, 2013
Table 2-10: Tourism Data for Puri City and other Places of Interest within the district, 201423
Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total
Destination 2012 2013 2014
Puri - Hotel Occupancy 3110406 23336 3133742 3358055 24006 3382061 3705189 27302 3732491
Puri - Day Visitors 7070575 23336 7093911 7891938 24006 7915944 10653283 27302 10680585
Konark - A.S.I Data 2306658 8076 2314734 2334556 7486 2342042 2380698 6567 2387265
Konark - Day Visitors 2624557 8717 2633274 2741905 8346 2750251 2997900 7504 3005404
Chilika 158463 1150 159613 160650 1171 161821 165185 1152 166337
Biswanath Hill 97709 _ 97709 98980 _ 98980 101905 _ 101905
Kakatpur 222136 _ 222136 228475 _ 228475 241332 2 241334
Astaranga 50483 _ 50483 55715 2 55717 60665 8 60673
Kuruma 34150 24 34174 38830 30 38860 45800 27 45827
Satyabadi 399167 1126 400293 406340 1172 407512 421450 1147 422597
Baliharachandi 123815 _ 123815 124280 4 124284 125975 2 125977
Balighai 55860 _ 55860 58795 627 59422 65395 775 66170
Chaurasi 33086 _ 33086 35290 _ 35290 39560 _ 39560
Raghurajpur 91490 2142 93632 96525 1954 98479 105395 1949 107344
Bramhagiri 183057 _ 183057 185330 _ 185330 189540 _ 189540
Pipli 323950 2489 326439 330370 2366 332736 348290 2279 350569
Ramachandi 204739 1343 206082 219175 1380 220555 230365 1609 231974
Beleswar 67759 _ 67759 68510 6 68516 70810 14 70824
Jahaniapira 50266 _ 50266 57625 2 57627 32270 6 32276
Baligaon 39702 _ 39702 41135 _ 41135 45540 _ 45540
Baral 89843 _ 89843 91140 _ 91140 95870 _ 95870
Manikapatna 27045 _ 27045 29690 _ 29690 33495 _ 33495
To be collected during Nabkalebar 2015
Maa Mangala Temple
23 Tourist Visits Identified in Tourist Centres, Statistical Bulletin 2014, Odisha Tourism, Dept of Tourism, Govt of India , p-65.
The data from Tale 2-10 establishes Puri City to be the

key location of tourism interest in the district and shows
a commendable increase in footfall with 10% increase
from 2012 to 2013, and a yet steeper 27% increase from
2013-2014.
Interestingly, the number of visitors preferring an

overnight stay at Puri, as obtained from Hotel
Occupancy data, is less than half of travelers preferring
day visits. The percentage of visitors preferring night
stays to day visits was seen to consistently decrease
from 44%, 42% and 34% in 2012, 2013 and 2014
respectively. While this is not surprising, given the
recent development in connectivity and transportation,
it is a matter of concern for the tourism industry as
this indicates lesser revenues generated from tourism.
Also, keeping in mind the large palette of experiences
that Puri has to offer, varying from religious and
cultural to recreational and natural, these statistics
indicate that visitors are not aware of all the possible
places to explore. This is further supported by the
figures showing foreign visits. While locals may be
aware of places of interest in and around Puri, there
definitely exists a gap in tourism information and
interpretation to foreigners and individuals
unacquainted with the region that needs to be
addressed.
2.8 Economy
The economy of Odisha is a balanced mix of both of Puri in one way or the other. However, the industry
agricultural and industrial sectors. Owing to the many has not yet been developed to its full potential and faces
rivers, alluvial plains and long coastline that Odisha a number of issues as discussed in detail in subsequent
enjoys, Agriculture and Fisheries are among the most Section 2.9.
predominant industries. A list of the major contributors
to the Odisha http://www.mapsofindia.com/orissa/ 2.8.2 Handicrafts and Cottage industry
economy and leading industries of the state are: The handicraft industry and cottage industries sector is
very prosperous in Puri. Products include silver filigree
i. Agriculture work, brassware, stone carving, wood carving, shell
ii. Fisheries carving, bone work, horn work, appliqu work, kotki
iii. Forest based husbandry and bomkai fabric. pattachitra painting, ganjapa cards, cane
iv. Minerals artefacts, bell metal ware, coir artefacts, papiermache
v. Cement and terracotta among others. The villages of
vi. Paper
Raghurajpur and Pipli, in the vicinity of Puri are
vii. Sugar
viii. Fertilizer particularly widely celebrated for quality handicrafts.
ix. Iron and steel
x. Handloom These industries are supported chiefly by the Shree
xi. Information and technology Jagannath Temple and the market created by tourists in
xii. Tourism the region. More than a thousand officially registered
While all of the said industries are present in Puri, the small scale industries operate in Puri. Initiatives
one that the city thrives on is Tourism, with the entire undertaken by the Government of Odisha to encourage
city involved in this industry through religious or these industries include the setting up of a separate unit
recreational tourism due to the beach. Handicrafts and by the name of District Industries Centre (D.I.C.) in
Cottage Industries also add to the cultural richness of 1978. This organization acts as a regulatory body for the
the city and contribute towards its economy. The industries and also provides financial, training and
presence of Shree Jagannath Temple provides local marketing assistance to the artisans, enabling them to
communities with livelihood opportunities through address a wider market. But with the uniqueness and
their sevayat or systems of service. Other smaller superior quality of products, there is significant scope
industries that make their presence felt in Puri are of export of the products abroad which has not yet been
Agriculture and Pisciculture. explored.The Block and Craft Wise List of Handicrafts
Artisans of Puri is as under24:
2.8.1 Tourism
Being a holistic tourism destination with a Sl. Craft No. of No. of
500 kilometres long coastline, towering mountains, No. Artisans in Artisans
Puri Town in Puri
verdant forests, serene lakes, glorious cultural heritage
Sadar
and a calendar marked by numerous colourful festivals,
1 Applique 150 380
tourism is one of the main contributors to
2 Cane and Bamboo -- 30
the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Odis 3 Coir Toy 60 80
hacitys economy. The revered temples, the world 4 Sea Shell 154 100
famous festivals, the azure beach, the thriving 5 Stone Carving 100 124
handicraft industry all contribute towards the tourism 6 Terracotta -- --
7 Wood Carving 42 40
24 Block and Craft Wise List of Handicrafts Artisans of Puri, D.I.C, Puri
8 Golden Grass -- -- and advice devotees of the temple on various matters

9 Pattachitra 90 190 of spiritual significance at the Mukti Mandapa.Also
10 Palm Leaf Engraving 20 80 significant are the workers employed by the temple that
11 Ganjapa 02 02
12 Brass and Bell Metal 10 10
include carpenters (Badhei), painters (Chitrakaras),
13 Papier Mache 14 20 potters (Kumbhakaras), stone-carvers (Pathurias).
14 Soft Toys 20 16
15 Zari and Solo 70 30 The shops located on the Grand Road of the temple
16 Modern Applique 90 80 cater to the needs of local people as well as pilgrims with
17 Horn Craft -- -- handicrafts, memorabilia, clothes, metal utensils, toys,
18 Silver Filigree 18 -- sea shell products, vegetables, fruits, eatables and
ingredients required for the performance of Hindu rites
and rituals.
In addition to this, shopping centres targeting Puris

consistent floating population of tourists are also
located along the Grand Road, in Swargadwara, along
the Marine Drive and on the beach itself. The festivals
observed in the Shree Jagannath Temple and the deluge
of devotees that it brings feeds all these industries, in
addition to the tourism industry.
2.8.4 Agriculture
Agriculture is a major contributor to the state's
economy and the chief occupation in Odisha with
about 76% of the total working population engaged
with agriculture and agriculture related industries. The
total cropped area in Odisha is 87, 46,000 hectares out
of which 18, 79,000 hectares are under irrigation.
The main crops cultivated in the state are Rice, Jute, Oil
seeds, Pulses, Coconut, Mesta, Sugarcane, Tea Rubber,
Cotton, Gram, Mustard, Maize, Sesame, Ragi, Potato
Image 2-13 Handicrafts and Cottage Industries of Puri and Soybean. Odisha is one of the largest producers of
rice in India. The state grows almost one tenth of the
2.8.3 Economy Generated by the total rice production of the country. Favourable climate
Jagannath Temple and presence of rich soils accounts for the flourishing
While Sri Jagannath Temple may be passively agriculture.
responsible for the generation of all commercial
activities taking place on either side of the 4.2 kilometre The cultivation of rice can be seen in the outskirts of
stretch of the Grand Road, it plays a more active role in Puri town, particularly in the Kushabhadra Bhargavi
Puris economy by providing the locals with direct Doab.
livelihood opportunities, generation after generation,
using traditional systems of knowledge. 2.8.5 Fisheries
With a coastline of 480 kilometres of length, vast
The Brahmins associated with the temple play an swamp areas, numerous rivers and fresh water lakes,
important part in conducting the rituals within the Odisha has a huge scope for brackish water, inland and
temple premises, and also at the Swarg Dwar where the marine fisheries. Fresh water fisheries in Odisha include
last rites are carried out. They organize religious services 2,56,000 hectares of reservoirs, lakes and swamps,
like Sradha, Sankalpa, Jagya, Byabastha, Prayashchitta
1,16,000 hectares of ponds and tanks and 1,55,000

hectares of canals and 1,80,000 hectares of rivers.
Brackish or salt water fisheries in Odisha include 8,100
of backwater regions, cultivated brinies adding up to
32,587 hectares and 2, 98,000 hectares of estuaries and
79,000 hectares of Lagoons.
In Puri, both sweet and brackish water fish farming is

present. The Brickfield Fish Farm operated by the
Odisha state government occupies 25 acres of land in
the outskirts of city, near Athranala Bridge where 40
lakhs of fry are raised to be distributed among the wards
of Puri to contribute towards pisciculture in smaller
ponds within the wards. In the 24 ponds that are
operated in the fish farm, Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla
(Catla catla) and Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) are grown
by 11 labourers. Even with the proximity of the Musa
River, sweet water is an issue in the fish farm, with bore
wells being required to pump water into the ponds.
Water weeds from the Musa stream is an added
limitation that has resulted in the discontinuation of
shrimp culture.
Regarding fishery in saline water, there is a large

settlement of fishermen next to the beach on the
eastern side of the city involved with fishing, processing
and packaging of sea fish, prawns and crabs. Dried and
pickled fish is also part of this industry.
Image 2-16 Location and Site of Brickfield Fish Farm
Image 2-14 Sea Fish at Chakratirtha Fishing Village

Image 2-17 Fishermen repairing fishing nets at the Fishermen Settlement in
Chakratirtha, Puri;
Image 2-15 Sea Fish set to dry at Chakratirtha Fishing Settlement


2.9 Tourism Infrastructure neighbourhood of Bhubaneswar as well as Pushpagiri

Puri, both as a city and a district, has been a tourists' Buddha Vihar in the district of Jajpur.
paradise and a pilgrims favourite since the ancient past, Of the many other tourist attractions in the district, the
long enough for the economic importance and benefits following have been listed as destinations of immense
of this industry to be palpable to the residents and interest in Odisha, by the Department of Tourism of
administrative bodies of this region alike. Saints and lay Government of Odisha.
people have ceaselessly visited the land to strengthen
their religious convictions and seek the blessings of Table 2-10 Places of Importance in Puri District 25
Lord Jagannath throughout the year, but especially Serial PLACE IMPORTANCE
during the auspicious festivals of Snana Yatra, Ratha No.
1. Astaranga Sea Beach
Yatra or Sri Gundicha Yatra, Sri Hari Sayan, Utthapan
2. Balighai Sea Beach
Yatra, Parswa Paribartan, Dakhinayan Yatra, Prarbana
3. Baliharachandi Religious Centre
Yatra, Pusyavishek, Uttarayan, Dola Yatra, Damanak 4. Barala (Balunkeswar Religious Centre
Chaturdasi and Akshaya Tritiya to name a few. Pitha)
5. Biswanath Hill Religious Centre
2.9.1 Tourism Opportunities in Odisha 6. Beleswar Sea Beach
Tourists and pilgrims come from neighbouring states as 7. Brahmagiri Religious Centre
well as far-flung countries to Odisha, not only to pursue 8. Chaurasi Religious Centre
spiritual interests but also to visit the many architectural 9. Chilika (Satapada) Lake (Dolphins)
marvels such as the temples, experience the vibrant 10. Jahaniapira Religious Centre
culture and festivities, enjoy the golden beaches, 11. Kakatpur Religious Centre
picturesque waterfalls, verdant country, lush forests and 12. Konark Sun Temple Sun Temple
wildlife of Odisha. 13. Kuruma Buddhist Shrine
14. Manikapatna Religious Centre
Fitness enthusiasts frequent the golden beaches at 15. Pipili Applique Work
Konark, Puri or Gopalpur to rejuvenate amidst the 16. Puri And Sea Beach
tranquillity. Chilka the largest brackish water lake in 17. Raghurajpur Craft Village
18. Ramachandi Religious Centre
Asia where migratory birds and Irrawaddy dolphins can
19. Satyabadi (Sakhigopal) Religious Centre
be found is of special interest to nature lovers and
20. Baligaon (Bhakta Birth Place of
ecology enthusiast. They also delight at Nandan Kanon Dasia Smriti Pitha) Dasia Bauri
near Bhubaneswar, Similipal National Park, 21. Maa Mangala Temple Religious Centre
Mayurbhanj Tiger Project, Saptasajya and Kapilas Hills (Matrusakti Pitha)
in Dhenkanal, Bhitarakanika Wildlife Sanctuary in
Kendrapara, as well as the waterfalls of Duduma,
Ghagra and Khandadhar. 2.9.2 Challenges for Tourism in Puri
Inspite of the presence of such favourable
Since antiquity, Odisha has also stood for excellence in opportunities for tourism in the district the tourism
the field of art and architecture. Puri, Bhubaneswar and industry in Odisha has not been able to harness its
Konark attract hundreds of thousands of tourists from strengths to the fullest extent and as a result tourism
different parts of the country and abroad. Travellers development related livelihood opportunities has taken
interested in antiquities came to Odisha to have a a backseat, in comparison to other states that have
glimpse of Dhauli, Udaygiri and Khandagiri in the
25List of Identifies Tourist Centres in Odisha, Tourism Department,

Department of Odisha, February 2015

performed exceptionally well in the burgeoning Communication and Connectivity

economy. Despite being a religious centre of national importance
where a host of several festivals are held that draw
In 2013, Odishahad the position 19, in the ranking of thousands of domestic as well as international tourists,
all of Indias states and Union Territories in terms of Puri lacks sufficient connectivity due to absence of a
their share in the national total of domestic and foreign city level airport and has to rely on Bhubaneswar
travel respectively. 26 Odishas share in the national airport, which is over 60 kilometres away.
tourism industry was a mere 0.98% in 2013. 27 Of the
21 spots identified, none apart from Puri, Konark and Connectivity through railways is also poor. Irrespective
Bhubaneswar, could attract sizeable number of tourists. of the city having a station, most tourists still rely on the
more prominent rail head at Bhubaneswar.Within the
A number of factors can be held responsible for this city limits there are parking shortages, chaotic traffic
condition, inadeqaute infrastructure both general and conditions, extortion by owners of private conveyances
tourism specific, reign supreme. Other factors being who take advantage of the lack of choices that tourists
lack of initiative in development of strategic plan for face in terms of transport. Pedestrian areas are not
tourism development based on an assessment of clearly delineated, paved or provided with signage.
strengths, weakness and opportunities to inform
development of comprehensive tourism products and Accommodation
destinations, absence of an understanding of the Odisha has 2 Five Star and 6 Three Star hotels that are
potential target audience, inadequate marketing. Some approved by the Ministry of Tourism and several
of the key factors include: budget hotels which provide a total number of 575
rooms28. These numbers cater to the large tourist influx
Awareness and Promotion of Tourism
that Puri sees round the year, but are insufficient during
There is seemingly lack of initiative and public interest
the time of the Rath Yatra. Accommodation is also
in development of cultural tourism. While the state is
available in religious institutions provided by mathas
rich in natural and cultural heritage sites, to become a
and ashrams which cater largely to the lower income
popular tourist destination, it needs a well-thought out
group who are predominantly pilgrims. While hotels are
tourism policy for development and promotion of
concentrated along the Grand Road and the beach, the
tourism based on an understanding of the tourism value
mathas and the ashrams are primarily located in the
chain.
Sahis, Grand Road and the Swargdwar road. The
Intervention from government organisations, planners, mathas and ashrams are seen to have low provisions in
economists and travel industry, who can together make sanitation facilities. There is a need for improved
tourism a leading sector of the Odishas economy is the accommodation with proper sanitation in local budget
need of the hour. Educating the community regarding accommodation given the nature of visitation to the
the benefits of tourism development, and training in sacred town.
hospitality sector will further augment the industry.
Safety and Security
Promotion of tourism in Odisha through a well thought
Puri being located on the coast itself, and frequently
our strategic marketing plan requires to be developed
experiencing natural disasters like heavy rains, floods,
and implemented following an understanding of the
thunderstorms, cyclones and even the possibility of
target audience and their interest.
tsunamis. While effective Disaster preparedness plans
have been developed and implemented at a state level
strategy, Puri requires a city level disaster preparedness
26 India Tourism Statistics, Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India 28 India Tourism Statistics, Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India
27 Statistical Bulletin 2013, Department of Tourism, Govt, of Odisha
plan to be executed by trained personnel that can be commendable, the condition of the network of
implemented on cultural sites for the effective secondary and tertiary streets connecting the rest of the
management of these heritage precincts, particularly in city is poor. In the absence of periodic management the
times of festivals. The bathers on the beach at Puri also open storm water drains transform into neighbourhood
need to be monitored due to the frequency in drowning garbage dumps. There is also a gap in the facility for
incidents. While the beach is provided with life-guard handling biohazardous and chemical wastes generated
stations, they are inadequately manned. in the citys hospitals.
In terms of heath security, the status of cerebral malaria Tourist Infrastructure

still being endemic in Odisha in 2015 is also daunting Heritage monuments and sites of cultural significance
to tourists29. need to be conserved following standards of good
practice and routine maintenance. The sites need to be
Matters related to safety of visitors, both on the beach provided with appropriate visitor amenities including
and cultural sites requires a dedicated section of the information based on a well thought-out interpretation
police force for immediate addressal of any mishap of plan. Interpretative materials should be responsive to
threat faced by the visitors. the needs of the target audience and could include a
host of techniques such as signage, possible audio
Waste Management
guides, mobile apps etc. Facilities such as restaurants,
A well-developed system of waste management is
parking, drinking water fountains, public toilets and
important for every city. In Puri, not only is the existing
other ancillary facilities also require to be provided.
haphazard pattern of waste disposal unsightly, but it
also results in environmental degradation, particularly Sites in Puri lack information as individual sites as well
harmful in vulnerable ecological systems such as along as the interconnectedness between them. Interpretative
rivers and tanks of Puri, on the shoreline, in the Chilika materials are lacking for both the pilgrims as well as
Lake or in the forested areas. visitors who have access to technology. The wealth and
richness of Puris cultural heritage is not discernible to
Particularly alarming are the encroachments that are
the visitors. While the pilgrims engage with the key sites
observed along the Musa River, in the form of illegal
as part of religious activities, the cultural narrative is
tenements. The untreated waste and sewage disposal
missed by most visitors.
from these settlements, directly into the river has
degraded the water quality. While exact networks of Inadequate Public and Private Partnership
water supply are to be mapped, the Musa River is While the Tourism Policy -2013 developed by the
known to be the source of water for many of the citys Department of Tourism and Culture includes
holy tanks, all of which are currently affected by this recommendations of involving a larger populace into
water contamination. the tourism industry through an enhanced employment
of the PPP model 30 , this aspect is still inadequately
Further, in terms of solid waste management, while the
management of the Grand Road and the beach developed in the state of Odisha.
undertaken by JUSCO and Jagruti respectively, is
29 http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/cerebral- Tourism Policy 2013, The Odisha Gazette, Department of Tourism and
30
malaria-turns-endemic-in-odisha.html Culture

Chapter Three
Appraisal of Heritage
and Cultural Assets of
Puri
3.1. Introduction
3.2 Tangible Heritage
3.3. Intangible Heritage

3 Appraisal of Heritage and Cultural

Assets of Puri
3.1 Introduction
The HRIDAY scheme is an unprecedented opportunity of the city including the economically vulnerable
to improve quality of life of people of Puri through sections of society. This has been considered necessary
investment in its cultural and natural heritage sites. As as cultural and natural heritage sites of significance
cities around the world become increasingly underpin the character and identity of communities and
homogenized while facing immense development neighborhoods, embody accumulated knowledge and
pressures, the unique character of heritage cities traditions that are an important source of livelihood and
distinguishes them as of unique character from other lastly, inform environmental sensitive solutions to
cities in a globalized economy. geographically specific problems.
The potential of Puris diverse cultural assets have been Though seemingly resilient, cultural assets are extremely
identified to inform the strategic development plan for vulnerable to inappropriate interventions in and around
the city which is responsive to the needs of the people them due to insensitive planning. These are non-
Map 3-1 1840 map of Puri

Source: Draft Comprehensive Development Plan - 2013

renewable resources whose value, use, and survival occupies the central position with other temples of
cannot be detached from their setting or the people that Shiva and Shakti believed to be guarding it.
interact with them. This vision necessarily requires to
be based on the understanding of the outstanding In the map of 1840 of Puri, concentration of residential
universal value of the citys heritage. areas is around the temple. These neighbourhood were
known as sahis. There were eight sahis in Puri namely
The cultural heritage of Puri both tangible and Markandeshwar Sahi, Gaudabada Sahi, Dolamandapa
intangible is directly or indirectly associated with Shri Sahi, Kalikadevi Sahi, Bali Sahi, Kundehi Benta Sahi,
Jagannatha Temple. As explained in Chapter 2, Puri has Baseli Sahi and Harchandi Sahi as shown in the map
evolved over a period of time and with its evolution the
morphology of the city has developed from the central These historic sahis are characterized by a distinctive
nucleus i.e. Shri Jagannatha Temple in outward spatial pattern, open spaces, water harvesting and
direction. storage elements, heritage buildings connected with
streetscapes and street network with chhaka or chowks.
As stated by scholars, the city has been formed based These streets were of two types: narrow residential lanes
on the sacred geography of the place in the form of a and mixed use streets with wider streets.
conch shell, where Shri Jagannatha Temple complex
Map 3-2 the principal steets of Puri


There are six principal streets radiating outward from road

around the temple complex. The principal streets are:
a. Bada Danda which connects Shri Jagannatha

temple (SJNT) to Gundicha temple,
b. Road connecting Singhdwar of temple to
Kutchery road.
c. Road connecting SJNT to the sea through the
Swargdwar.
d. Road connecting SJNT to Loknatha temple.
e. Road connecting SJNT to Markandeshwar
Sahi
f. Road connecting SJNT to Choudaga Sahi
In 1881 Puri municipality was formed comprising of 13

residential areas under it.1 At present there are 32 wards
within the municipal limits of Puri which is designated
as Zone 1 of Puri Konark Development Authority.
Zone 2 is called Puri Sadar encircling the zone 1.
On the basis of the study of evolution of city, field

survey, documentation and secondary data analysis, the Map 3-3 Sahis
Source: Draft Comprehensive Development Plan - 2013
cultural heritage of Puri can be classified under tangible
and intangible heritage as given below: While natural heritage of Puri, till date, continues to
define the boundary of the municipal limits, the tangible
heritage defines the sacred geography and the intangible
heritage is the manifestation of traditional knowledge
Cultural Heritage of Puri
systems and the creativity of the local and tribal
community that establishes the linkages between the
Tangible Intangible
natural and built heritage. The intangible heritage such
Local festivals as festivals, dance forms, relationship between the
Built Natural and linkages mathas and temple are centered around Lord
Heritage Heritage with Shri
Jagannatha Jagannatha.
Temple
Music and Dance
There are two monuments which are protected by the
Craft and local
Temples , art Archaeological Survey of India namely Shri Jagannatha
Sahis, Mathas & Rivers, Sea, Literature Temple and Atharanala bridge and two monuments are
Ashrams, Beach , Forests
Akhadas, Gardens , Ponds protected by Odisha State Archaeology which are Sidha
Jagagharas,Buri & pokharis,
al Temple, wetlands
Bakula Matha and Radhakant Matha respectively. Both
Church and the mathas are associated with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
Mosques
1Mishra, N. (2005). Appendix N Important Years and events. In Annals and

Antiquities of the Temple of Jaganntha (p. 160). Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
3.2 Tangible Heritage locally known as Pancha Pandu or the five pandavas.
These are:
a. Lokanatah Temple
3.2.1 Built Heritage
b. Yameshwar
c. Kapalmochana
TEMPLES d. Markandeshwar and
Puri city has approximately 112 temples2 among which e. Nilkantheswar
Shri Jagannatha Temple is the most significant
Mytologically, there are eight incarnation of Shiva
occupying the central position in the history and
known as Asta Sambhu ( Asta = eight and Sambhu =
cultural traditions of Puri. The several shrines in the
Shiva) who guard the sacred land (khsetra)and are
town form the sacred geography of Puri i.e. the sankha
marked by eight Shiva temples and correspondingly
kshetra area. All other temples are located around the
eight Goddess Chandi or Kali that protect the holy
main temple which are Shiva temples, Sakti temples,
Kshetra. These eight Shiva and Kali temples are listed
Nrisimha temples and Hanuman temple.
below:
a. Shiva Temple : Kapalmochana, Kama,

Khetrapal, Yameshwara, Markandeshwar,
Biswesra, Nilakantha and Bateshwara,
b. Shakti Temple : Dwarabasini, Mahabajreswari,
Swanabhairabi, Bhadrakali, Bedhakali,
Bhubaneshwari, Sitala and Jagnyeswari
The Orissa temple architecture date from 7th to 13th

century A.D for their unique representations are called
Kalingan Style of temple architecture. The Orissa
temples are of three types -
Image 3-1 Sankha Ksetra sacred geography of Puri
Source: Goolge
a. Khakhara Deula
Apart from Shri Jagannatha temple, there are five main b. Rekha Deula
Shiva temple of immense religious significance and are c. Pidha or Bada Deula
Image 3-2 Types of Orissan Temple

Source: Google
2The number of temple is based on comprehensive list prepared using

INTACH and IGNCA listing.
Image 3-3 Architectural components of Kalinga architecture

Source: The cult of Jaganntha and the regional traditions of Orissa
Where the Sakta temples are usually constructed in prakara (boundary) wall. The khakara order is noted by
Khakhara Deula style, other Saivite and Vaisnavite a semi-cylindrical vaulted that looks like an inverted
temples in Orissa are constructed in both Rekha and boat (boita) or a pumpkin gourd roof.3
Pidha types.
Shri Jagannatha Temple is an example of this distinct
The Rekha and Pidha form two component parts of one style of architecture remarkable in its plan, elevation,
architectural scheme, the former is represented by a scale and details of construction and decoration.
sanctum with its curvilinear spire and the latter by the
frontal porch having pyramidal roof of receding tires Among 1124 identified temples listed by INTACH and
known as Pidhas. In course of time to meet the growing IGNCA, while Jagannatha Temple is a notified
need of the rituals two more structures were added monument by Archaeological Survey of India, it is
namely natamandapa (dancing hall) and bhogamandapa managed by Shri Jagannatha Temple Administration
(offering hall) during the Ganga period (12th century). along with the Gundicha Temple. Other temples such
All the four components are arranged in one axial
alignment and often the temple complex is enclosed by
3Chand, D. (2005, July 1). Orissan Temple Architecture. Orissa Review, 50- 4 Refer Annexure I- Listing of Temples
50.
as Loknatha Temple is managed by Loknatha Temple

Trust and the local elected representative of the sahi.
A road widening scheme is under implementation on

the periphery of Shri Jagannatha temple complex. It
wasconceptualized for the Nabakalebera festival.
Where eastern, southern and western sides were
widened with demolition of facades of buildings before
festival. Several other interventions of similar nature is
under consideration as part of infrastructure
development in the historic core.
Due to absence of guidelines for protection of Image 3-4 Markandeshwar temple

attributes of significance and due recognition, the
architectural features and spatial configuration of
buildings of historic and architectural significance are
being obliterated with modern interventions such as use
of ceramic tiles for cladding,cement plaster, use of
modular bricks replacing local stone and several other
addition and alteration which are not compatible with
the historic materials, finishes, detailing and scale.
Image 3-5Nrusingh Temple


MATHAS
As per the Orissa Hindu Religious Endowment Act of wealthy people so as to provide ritual services in Shri
1969, Mathas are defined as institution for the Jagannatha temple. Lands were also donated to the
promotion of Hindu religion presided over by a person Mathas for Amritmanohi- the proceeds thereof were
whose duty is to engage himself in spiritual services or spent in offering Bhoga to Lord Jagannatha and the
who exercises or claims to exercise spiritual headship Mahaprasad thus obtained, were distributed among
over a body of disciples and succession to whose office the pilgrims, pupils, ascetics and all others. This living
devolves in accordance with the directions of the tradition continues and is extremely important as part
founder of the institutions or is regulated by custom of Indias rich religious cultural traditions.
and includes places of religious worship other than a
temple and also places of instruction or places of Initially there were 300 mathas in the city which is
maintenance of vidhyarthies, or places for rendering presently close to 78 5 only. This list has been derived
charitable or religious services in general which are or based on the listing of Mathas prepared by INTACH,
may be appurtenant to such institutions. IGNCA and list of Mathas that received support for
conservation under the 12th FC. This list was provided
by District Culture Officer, Puri.
Table 1 Chronological list of Mathas in Puri 6
S. Name of Matha Type, Sect Dated
No ( Sampradaya)
.
1. Virgu Ashram Angila 6th Cent

2. Angira Ashram Angira 7th Cent
3. Govardhan Advaita 9th Cent

Matha
Image 3-6 Internal courtyard of Bada Odiya Matha
4. Sankarananda Advaita 9th Cent
These mathas can be classified as traditional social
5. Mahiprakasha Brahmchari 10th
infrastructure located within historic residential
neighbourhood or sahis where sanyasies, austerities, Cent
bhikshus and devotees stay to practice meditation for 6. Ramanuja Kota Visistadvaita 12th
spiritual growth. These are interspersed across the
Cent
entire town though primarily located on important
streets for example Gangamata Matha on the 7. Trimali Matha Visistadvaita 12th
Swargdwar road, Papudia Matha on Nada danda etc. Cent
Several are located around or near to the temple of Sri
Jagannatha for example Dakhin Parshwa Matha, 8. Bada Santha Visistadvaita 12th
Raghabdas Matha. Cent
The origin of the Mathas is said to have been with 9. Emara Matha Visistadvaita 12th
sadhus and saints in the past who established these Centy
monasteries on lands donated by the king and other
5 Refer Annexure I Listing of Mathas 6 Mandal, K., & Roy, K. (n.d.). Warja and The Traditional Knowledge
System. In Geneological Records and Traditional Knowledge System.
10. Sana Santha Gadua 12th 28. Kunja Matha Goudiya 16thCent
Madhava Cent
29. Sisu Matha Utkaliya 16thCent
11. Gopala Tirtha Advaita 12th Vaishnav
Cent
30. Cakra Tirtha Angila, 16thCent
12. Siva Tirtha Advaita 12th Matha Visistadvaita
Cent
31. Ghumusar Ramanandi 16thCent
13. Bada Jhadu Angila 12th Matha
Cent
32. Dagara Matha Angila 16thCent
14. Dasavtara Angila 13th
33. Labanikhia Angila 16thCent
Matha Cent
Matha
15. Languli Matha Dasanami 14th
34. Parana Sava Angila 16thCent
Cent
Matha
16. Bada Chata Angila , 14th
35. Gandharva Utkaliya 16thCent
Matha Ramananda Cent
Matha Vaisnava
17. Chauni Matha Angila 15th
36. Achyuta Matha Goudiya 16thCent
Cent
18. 37. Goswami Goudiya 16thCent
Raghavadas Angila 15th
Matha Cent Matha
19. 38. Sata Lahari Ati Badi 16thCent

Kavira Caura Santhamata 16thCent
Math
20. Bauli Matha Santhamata 16thCent
39. Sata Asana Ati Badi 16thCent
21. Sidha Bakuja Achintya Veda 16thCent Matha
Matha Veda
40. Haridas Matha Achintyaveda 16thCent
22. Radha Kanta Achintya Veda 16thCent Veda
Matha Veda
41. Tota Gopinatha Achintyaveda 16thCent
23. Ganga Mata Achintya Veda 16thCent Veda
Veda
42. Dukhisyam Abadhuta 16thCent
24. Haridakhandi Ramanandi 16thCent Baba Matha
Matha
43. Bada Oriya Ati Badi Gadwa 16thCent
25. Sriram Das Visistadvaita 16thCent Matha Madhava
Matha
26. Narasimhacari Visistadvaita 16thCent

Matha
27. Sana Jhadu Angila, 16thCent
Visistadvaita

As described earlier, out of the identified list of 78 Similarly, the authenticity and material integrity of Sidha
Mathas only two Mathas are designated as protected Bakula Matha has been affected due to modern
monuments by Odisha State Archaeology which are interventions.
Sidha Bakula Matha and Radha Kanta Matha. Owing to
the contemporary needs and in the absence of Apart from these there are 35 Mathas on which partial
guidelines for conservation, repair and facility conservation works were undertaken with the financial
upgradation in buildings of heritage significance these support from the 12th Finance Commission. Built
mathas have transformed in terms of their spatial fabric and wall paintings were conserved by
configuration and material authenticity. Department of Tourism and Culture.
For example: Radha Kanta Matha is a highly significant As mentioned above, under the recent road widening
structure associated with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu who scheme around Shri Jagannatha Temple, some of the
took Samadhi here but its open to sky courtyard has architecturally significant and historic faades were
been covered with an reinforced cement concrete impacted. The Mathas that were impacted are namely,
(RCC) framed roof thus changing the spatial Uttar Parsva Matha, Dakshin Parsva Matha and Emar
configuration in entirety. Also marble and tiles have Matha.
been provided on the floors which is unsympathetic to
Though Orissa Tourism Department has installed
the traditional or vernacular architecture of the Mathas.
signages with the names of few temples and tanks but
In the long run these would also induce stress and
the Mathas have no signages both locational and
therefore decay in the walls of the building due to
descriptive. Few Mathas which are along the Grand
trapping of moisture.
road and Swargadwar road have signages, namely
Operation and maintenance of the building complex is Papudia Matha, Baoli Matha, Radhaballabh Matha,
undertaken by the sects associated with the matha with Ramanuja Kota etc. but there are no descriptive
support from Endowment Department of the signages7.
Government of Odisha.
Image 3-7 Courtyad of Radha Kanta (Gambhira) Matha covered with rcc roof and Image 3-8 Sidha Bakula Matha
changed flooring Source: Project Team
7 Based on observation and field survey by HRIDAY City Anchor Team

In the absence of signages, directional, locational and

descriptive as well as maps, the visitors as well as
pilgrims do not get to visit these historic structures or
understand their historic significance.
Incourse of the survey undertaken by the team of the

HRIDAY City Anchor, it was found that the main issues
associated with the condition of the Matha are the following:
1. Lack of recongnition of these structures as heritage

2. Change in the spatial configuration
3. Structurally unstable buildings
4. Lack of guidelines /policy for undertaking
conservation, repair and alterations to
accommodate new uses
5. Poor infrastructure facilities for the inhabitants
6. Absence of any signages or interpretative
information for the mathas.
7. Lack of awareness among the visitors and tourists
(except those using the facility).

JAGAGHARAS AND AKHADAS

Akhadas and Jagagharas are traditional cultural the outer wall i.e. Meghanada pachiri had not yet been
institutions which are housed within each sahi. Akhadas built during this period.
are the apex institutions in each sahi, which are
supported by several subsidiary jagagharas. There are Traditionally, akhadas were the centres, where various
total 8 akhadas and 62 8 jagagharas in Puri9. Based on social issues related to law and order, bilateral issues
the listing undertaken by INTACH in 2006 and were resolved and literary and cultural aspects of sahis
IGNCA, 9 Jagagharas were identified and discussions were promoted. Similarly jagagharas were the centre for
with the Mr. P.C. Gochhikar, 57 more jagagharas were promoting martial arts, wrestling, Odissi and Gotipua
identified.10 dance. The akhadas were serviced by men and skill by
the jagagharas.
The akhadas were traditionally headed by a sahinayak, the
chief administrator of akhada who worked under the Each jagaghara comprised a temple, khela jaga i.e.
guidance of Naiksardars (appointed by the Gajapati wrestling arena, pond and various trees such as coconut,
Maharaj of Puri). mangoes etc. In the temple, Lord Mahavir (Hanuman)
is worshipped who epitomizes physical strength and
The jagagharas and akhadas are the traditional social celibacy. The tank is used as a bathing place. Traditional
infrastructure located in each sahi, where the youth equipment such as wood of different sizes like
learn martial arts and dance forms like Odissi or Mudgara, a bed for wrestling known as Phulka, a tank
Gotipua etc. Some scholars believe, that these and an open space and some musical instruments like
institutions were created during 11th century under the Mardala are found in Jagagharas. These traditional
patronage of king Chodogandadeva to safeguard the equipment are in the process of being replaced with the
city and badadeula (Jagannath Temple) from invaders as modern gym equipment in the recent times.
Image 3-10 Main components of Jagaghara

Image 3-10 temple and wrestling area of Jagaghara

8 Mr. Gopinath Mahapatra, Panchamukhi Vyayam Vidyalaya, Puri. 10 Refer Annexure I List of Jagagharas and Akhadas
9 Mr. P.C. Gochhikar, Technical Assistant, P.K.D.A.
Members of the Jagas are called Sangas (friends). They

take part in the Ratha Yatra and Chandan Yatra of Lord At present existence of these Jagagharas are not known to
Jagannatha, while displaying various forms of martial tourists /visitors to Puri. Few of the jagagharas are
arts, acrobatics with knives, swords and fireballs etc. for registered under the society act. They are managed by the
the entertainment of deities and general public. During local people and their main source of revenue is from selling
Chandan Yatra they perform for the entire period of
fishes and the coconuts. Presently due to lack of financial
Bahara Chandana yatra i.e. for 21 days. During
resource, inadequate maintenance the ponds of the
Ramanavami, they enact folk dramas in Sahi Yatra
(street plays) where the procession starts from the jagaghara are drying up or the water is unsuitable for
Jagagharas to the competitor sahi or badisahi. For bathing purposes. Based on the assessment of the jagaghara
example: Balisahi is the badisahi of Harchandi sahi. At and stakeholder consultation it was found de-silting of
present these are the centre for training for wrestlers at ponds, providing of soil around the roots of the trees,
local level as well as district level. District level provision of boundary walls and embankments for the
competitions are also held at these jagahgaras. ponds, and area improvement based on an understanding
of elements of value and contemporary need to be
addressed.
There are aspirations for inter district as well as interstate

national wrestling competitions to be held in Puri as a
source for improvement and encouragement of the sport
amongst the youth. Puri is known to have a large
contingent of wrestlers that is believed to be the strongest
team in Orissa.

WATER TANKS
Water tanks are important environmental heritage water in the tanks is linked to the supply from rain water
resource of Puri and are directly or indirectly linked and ground water. Further, the stagnation of water has
with Sri Jagannatha temple, through a series of rituals resulted in deteriorating the quality of water a matter
and festivals which take place as part of the temple of serious concern as the tanks are still used by devotees
activity throughout the year. The significance of water for rituals bathing.
in the ritualistic context of Puri is exemplified by the
Panchatirtha a holy circuit followed by pilgrims, The water tanks in Puri can be classified into two
connecting the Mahadodhi tirtha (the sea), Rohini categories namely, built and natural. The tanks which
Kund (within the temple), Swetganga tank, are of archaeological, historical, architectural, social,
Markandeshwar tank and Indradyumna tank. religious and cultural significance are man-made
quadrangular tanks, with steps forming the periphery
Rituals apart, historically, they were also the main embankment and enabling devotees to reach the
source of water for the people residing in sahis. surface of water. The entrances to these tanks are
According to imperial gazetteer these tanks were once marked by temples and smaller shrines.
connected with the river Musa and the quality of water
was maintained by flushing it during monsoons. There are at present five sacred tanks in Puri, which are
namely Markanda, Swetganga, Indradyumna, Narendra,
At present regretably, there is no readily available and Parvati Sagar11. The Manikarnika temple is known
information regarding the status of these connections to have once housed a holy tank as well, which with
between the river and the tanks. It is generally accepted, time has shrunk to what is at present a well. Apart from
that these connections have long since been closed these, there are smaller tanks and natural ponds located
owing to silting, and at present the level and quality of in a high density on the northern and western side of
Image 3-11 Narendra Tank

11 Refer Annexure I
municipal limits of Puri that also form important

natural historic infrastructure for the sahis(residential
neighborhoods) and their associated temples, jagas and
akhadas. Among the tanks constructed in service of
temples and jagas, Pathar-pokhari, Bhatta jaga tank and
Hinjala jagaghara tank are of particular significance.
The four sacred water tanks of primary significance

Swetganga, Markanda, Narendra and Indradyumna, are
all owned by the Shri Jagannatha Temple Trust, though
their maintenance is carried out by the municipality.
According to their heritage value, some of these tanks

have been listed in the past by organizations such as
INTACH and IGNCA. Both organizations have
identified Hinjala Jagaghara tank, Markanda tank,
Narendra tank and Indradyumna tank as priority assets,
while INTACH has also included Bhatta Jaga Tank in
their listing. However, the knowledge regarding the
heritage value of the tanks is limited only to the heritage
community and not accessible to the general public as
the tanks in the absence of interpretative material or
informative signage.
The water quality at these tanks have been monitored

and was found that the PH level , turbidity and sodium
content of the water is higher than the permissible limits
which makes it unsafe for use.12
12Agarwal, Manish. "Discussion on Quality of Water of Sacred Tanks of

Puri with Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality." Personal interview. 17
Aug. 2015.

Narendra Tank
Narendra Tank, named after Lakshaposhi Narendra13
the excavator of the tank, sits in the Dandimala Sahi,
and is a node of daily religious activities and functions
for the local communities as well as devotees from afar.
This tank stands on the revenue plot No.117 and 19914
respectively, covering an area of almost 3 hectares. On
the east of the tank there is Grand Road, Markandeswar
Sahi and temple of Bisoi Thakurani on the west,
Brahmagiri road and Jatia Baba math on the north and
Jagannatha Ballabha Math on the south.
The tank has an island in its centre bearing a small

temple of later period called Chandana Mandapa,
measuring 50" x 12". The tank was previously a fine
sheet of water, kept clean by flushing from the Musa
river during the rains through a connecting channel in
the western corner. Historically, silting has always been
an issue in the tank and de-silting activities have taken
place on 1866, 1929 and 1972 C.E15.
Presently though, both the inlet and the outlet of the Image 3-12 Graph showing result of water test at sacred tanks
Source: City Development Plan of Puri 2041
tank are completely clogged and hence the traditional
system is not in use as a result water is stagnant. A
periphery road circumbulates the tank connecting the
religious structures on the edge, which are as Chara
Ganesh Matha, Gopinath Ballabha Matha, Brahma Jaga
and Jatia Baba Matha.
The significance of the tank lies in the fact that it is

associated with the Chandan Yatra ritual. On the akshay
tritiya of each year, the Madanmohan utsav murti of
Jagannath is taken to the tank, along with Shree Devi, Bhu
Devi, Rama and Krishna which are carried by in a
procession to the tank, such that they can evade the
oppressive heat of Puri summers by cruising through
the water body in a colorful boat, while sandalwood
paste is applied to their bodies. This festival can go up
to 42 days, all of which are marked by heavy visitation
of devotees to the tank.
13 District Gazetteer. General. 19, p. 15 District Gazetteer. General. 19, p.

14 Based on the revenue records provided by Shri Jagannatha Temple
Administration
Markandeya external plinth using ceramic tiles. While this effort is

This irregular tank, covering an area of 1.6 hectares is well-meaning, it is not appropriate owing to the
located in the Markandeshwar Sahi and counted among selection of materials and construction techniques
the Pancha Tirthas of Puri and is connected with several which are incompatible with the historic fabric. It is
rituals associated with Shri Jagannath temple. The recommended that these interventions be reversed and
temple of Markandeshawar is located on the South- historic characteristics be recovered through
western edge of the tank and bears an ancient stone conservation and sympathetic interventions for both
inscription pertaining to the Ganga dynasty. material conservation and water management systems.
According to mythology, Shri Jagannath saved sage

Markandeya from a severe danger at sea. This place is
known as Markandeya, the holy place. On that
particular spot Markandeya meditated for a long time.
He also grasped the spirit of Bhagabat, and arranged a
Yagnya on that spot. A temple was constructed by sage
Markandeya at this place.
The Road and Building Division of Puri has undertaken

extensive renovation and repair work along the
periphery of the tank that involves construction of an
R.C.C wall to repair the collapsed wall, construction and
repair of steps, kangooras, and repair and paving on the
Image 3-13 Marjandeya Tank


Swetganga
Swethaganga is a small, sacred tank located to the West Mogra and Tulsi are cultivated and supplied to the Shri
of the Jagannath temple in the Manikarnika Sahi that Jagannath Temple for the performance of rituals.
owes its name to the miraculous fact that its water
becomes milky white on the day of Magh Saptami. Owing to the presence of many religious structures in
According to the epic Mahabharata, Swethaganga was close vicinity of this tank, as well as its association with
created from the nail of Lord Vishnu. The tank is the temple, and daily activities of citizens of Puri it has
believed to be connected to river Ganga and is thus received much attention from several sources. While it
considered equally sacred. Owing to this belief, the tank is owned by the Shree Jagannath Temple Trust and
is used for the performance of last rites such as Mundan maintained by the Puri Municipality, the adjacent Jaga
and Suddhi of Hindus particularly servitors of the named Neel Madhab Binayak Samiti (also known as
temple, after cremation of any family member at Ganesh Club) has taken the initiative the maintenance
Swargdwar Shamashan. Similar to the Ganga River, the of the tank and its edges using the club funds. Their
Swetganga tank is also used for the immersion of efforts at cleaning and maintaining the precinct of the
remains and ashes of the dead, after cremation. On the tank has been recently rewarded by a 46 lakhs cash prize
bank of this pond are two small temples, dedicated to for the Prakriti Mitra Award from Forest and
Swetha Madhava and Matsya Madhava. The Gangamata Environment Department, Government of Odisha.
matha is adjacent to southern periphery of the tank. This reward money has been spent on improvement of
There is a garden on the south edge of the tank under lighting, provision of shaded pavilions for the
Image 3-14 Swetganga Tank

the maintenance of Emar Matha, where plants such as

performance of last rites, planting and surface treatment

of the hard surfaces16.
While these efforts has ensured that this tank is well

maintained, there is a need for sympathetic architectural
and material vocabulary to be developed for repairs,
additions and facility improvement in sites of cultural
significance. The tank being a structure of immense
heritage significance, interventions such as the pavilions
constructed on the north edge of the tank required
careful consideration in the design, scale and choice of
materials.
Image 3-15 Tulsi garden on the edge of Swetganga Tank
The National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) has
installed a filtration plant on the southern edge of the
tank for treatment of the water. However, this filter is
not operational due to the absence of an
institutionalized system for periodic maintenance and
operations. With daily immersion of ashes the condition
of water in the tank requires to be routinely monitored
and maintained. The water level of the tank continues
to fall each day by approximately 1 foot, and has to be
daily replenished by water sourced from a bore-well.
Thus the management of water in this tank requires
careful planning and consultation with water
management and public health specialist17. Image 3-16 Condition of retaining wall of the tank
Image 3-17 Swetganga Tank in evening

16Mahapatra.Bishwajit (Member, Neel Madhab Binayak 17Mahapatra.Bishwajit (Member, Neel Madhab Binayak
Samiti), Interview at Swetganga, Personal Interview, 7 Spet. Samiti), Interview at Swetganga, Personal Interview, 7 Spet.
2015. 2015.
Indradyumna
Indrayumna tank is one of the sacred tanks of Puri
located on the north western part of Gundicha Ghar
(also known as the Gundicha temple). It is 396 ft wide
and 485ft long and covers an area of 4.5 acres. The place
is known for its religious significance and association
with Lord Krishna. Near the temple is a small shrine,
dedicated to king Indrayumna of Odisha.
At this place, it is believed that the Ashwamedha

Yagnya was arranged by King Indrayumna on the
instructions of Brahma. After the end of the yagnya
innumerable brahmins were gifted and today this yagnya-
Image 3-18 Approach road to Indradyumna Tank
kunda is known as Indrayumna tank. The statue of Source: Project Team
Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra and Goddess Subhadra
believed to have been made by Viswakarma is located
near this tank at Gundicha temple.
The approach road to the tank is through a narrow road

branching out from the Konark road. OTDC has
installed directional signage at the junction and at the
edge of the tank but there is no interpretative signages
with information on the cultural significance. The locals
residing near to the tank guide people about the
significance and association of the tank.
Boundary wall has been provided along the outer edge Image 3-19Repair works on the periphery of Indradyumna tank
of the tank using laterite stone clad with ceramic tiles.
Kangooras have been made on top of the wall with
reinforced cement concrete. It is not evident whether
any historic references were used for design,
construction details and material use. These
incompatible interventions have compromised the
integrity of the historic tank. The height of the retaining
wall has also been altered. On the north east edge of the
tank a pathway has been constructed provided with
ceramic tiles. The materials used in new construction
are incompatible with the historic fabric, and also not
safe. Image 3-20 Alteration in the historic fabric

Parvati Sagar
The Parvati Sagar is a small, rectangular body of water
attached to the Loknath temple situated on the western
end of the Puri city. It is believed by locals to be
connected to the sea and blessed so as to cure many
diseases, the tank is used extensively by devotees
visiting the Loknath temple, especially the kawariyas
during the month of Shravan. The southern edge of the
tank is provided with ghats and lined by small shrines.
While the main access to the tank is through the temple
itself, the eastern edge also has a small bathing ghat. The
other 2 sides of the tank are bound by walls, and a
peripheral road running around it.
Image 3-21Parbatisagar Tank


BURIAL TEMPLE (GURVAYATANA)

These are shrines constructed in the memory of the
departed gurus of a particular sect. These were found
within the complex of Mathas.
Presently due to urbanization and selling of the Matha

land these have become disconnected from the Matha
precinct and can be found scattered in the sahis or along
street edges. In the absence of information in form of
signages it is difficult to recognize their significance. At
many places these have garbage strewn around them
which implies lack of awareness amongst people.
Image 3-22 New construction on the edges of the burial temple
The main burial temple as identified in the listing Source: Project Team
provided by INTACH are:
List of Burial temples

1. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-I
2. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-II
3. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-III
4. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-IV
5. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-V
6. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-VI
7. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-VII
Image 3-23 Burial temple inside a compound
8. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-VIII Source: Project Team
9. Gopala Tirtha Matha Burial Temple-IX

10. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-I
11. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-II
12. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-III
13. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-IV
14. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-V
15. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-VI
16. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-VII
17. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-VIII
18. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-IX
19. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-X
20. Sankaracharya Matha Burial Temple-XI
21. Five burial temples of Sankaracharya Matha
22. Dukishyama Chhata Matha Burial Temple
Image 3-24 Burial temple used as garbage dumpyard


GOSHALAS
Goshalas are the cow sheds.
The listing provided by INTACH has identified one

goshala which is located in Markandeshwar sahi.
Historically this goshala rendered services to the disabled

cows.
Image 3-27 Detaile of the Goshala

Image 3-28 Cow Sheds

Image 3-25 Entrance of Shri Jaganntah Puri Goshala

Image 3-26 Internal Courtyard of Goshala


3.2.2 Natural Heritage
The natural heritage of Puri consists of the sea locally the town which is part of the water recharge system of
known as Mahodadhi, beach, rivers, forests and Puri.
plantation, sweet water zone (aquifer), water bodies
such as ponds and wetlands which further expand to The Balukhanda forest reserve is located on the eastern
include agricultural fields dotted with water tanks of the edge of the city. It is traversed by the rivulets such as
rural areas. Nuanai, Kusabhadra, Kadua and Prachi. It extends
from Banki muhan near Puri to Keluni muhan near
The sea defines the southern coastal edge of Puri and Daluakani.18
the P.K.D.A. region. It is one of the main recreational
activity area for the local resident, pilgrims and tourists. The Sweet Water Zone in Puri is at Chakratirtha and at
Baliapanda. As per the notification of Department of
The two main rivers which define the edge of Puri Housing and Urban Development and Department of
Municipality are Musa River in the north and Mangala Revenue these two areas have been designated as no
River on the western edge. The Musa River is known to construction activity zone.
have been connected with the sacred tanks which
formed a network of water system. There are several
ponds in Jagagharas also located on the western part of
Image 3-29 Mitiani Jhil and Mangala River

18"Orissa Forest Development Corporation ...." Orissa Forest Development

Corporation.... Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
<http://www.odishafdc.com/Balukhand.php>.
3.3 Intangible Heritage
3.3.1 Traditional systems

Puri town pulsates with vibrant cultural traditions Suar 20 or Mahasuarnijogas for preparation of
which can be described to be its life line. The traditional bhoga and look after the maintenance of
cultural practices are alive and can be experienced in rasashala ( the temple kitchen)
every part of the settlement. These are mainly Bhitarsebaknijoga looks after the smooth
associated with or are in the service of the trinity of functioning of the sebapuja, opening of the temple
Jagannatha temple. The services were designated to gates in the morning and checks the seals on the
particular families or communities by the Gajapati and doors.
are hereditary in nature. Pujapandnijoga and many others association of
priest Sebakas who can offer priestly services to the
SEBAPUJA OR SEBAYATS deities
The Jagannatha temple has an elaborate system of daily
worship and services to the deities which involve The head of the nijogas is called nayaka. Chhattisa Nijoga
several specific ritual services i.e. sebapuja that starts is headed by Chhattisa Nijoga Mahapatra who enjoys
from early morning and continued till late evening authority over the temple functionaries. He supervises
around 11.00pm. This system was introduced by the execution of all orders by the temple authorities. He
Gangan kings and is continuing till date. The people belongs to pushpalaka category of Sebakas.
assigned with the duties of sebapuja are called Sebakas
The temple record rights, 1952 recorded 119 21
(i.e. servitors to the God). Each and every kind of
categories of Sebakas but presently all of them are not
service to the God is a seba and for each seba there is a
functional.
Sebaka.19
WARJA SYSTEM
This traditional system of Sebakas involve communities
The term Warja means archival items and is a local word
from across all caste. Initially there were nine Sebakas
for a note or a diary. For a panda in Puri, warja means
and they were called Caru Hota, Patra Hota, Brahman
records, which is record of information about the
Acharya, Pratihari, Pushpalaka, Daita, the washerman
pilgrimage over generations. This term is an outcome
and the barber. The services of the sebaka were later
of the traditional jajmani relationship between panda and
extended to 36 categories known as Chhattisa Niyogal
the bhakta which was based on the Hindu tradition
Nijoga involving number of nijogas. They are:
where in order to make a pilgrimage a bhakta
Pratiharinijoga responsible to maintain law and approaches a priest who is the mediator between him
order inside the temple premises and enforce and the God.
discipline among the visitors and devotees within
the walled compound of the temple. Besides they It is a part of the system of the temple activity.
are also assigned with the specific duties of According to the pandas, they maintain warja as a way of
messenger between certain temple functionaries. service to the God where service to the god is called seba
Untill they formally invite the kitchen mates cannot in the temple usage and the person who performs this
bring Bhoga ( food for the Gods) to the main seba is called sebaka. Each of the panda has a hereditary
temple. seva to the God and maintain warja is an additional duty
19Chakrabarty, Kakali, Krishna Mandal, and K.M.Sinha Roy. "Warja and 20 Suar is a derivative of Supakar meaning the cook.
Teh Traditional Knowledge System." Geneological Records and Traditional 21 Refer annexure I for list of Sebakas
Knowledge System. First ed. New Delhi: Gyan House, 2015. 34. Print.
for them through which they earned further or upayatras that are conducted with the Agya Mala
opportunity to offer their services to the lord. literally translating to the garland of authorization, the
city level celebration of dates of national and state
Presently record keeping and maintenance of the warja significance, and lastly the most significant of them all,
has been largely institutionalized that operates through the Nabakalebara an occasion that arises, on an
formal bodies. average, once every 11 years.
3.3.2 Festivals in the City According to Mr Rabindra Pratihari, author of Shree

It is said that the city of Puri hosts 13 festivals in 12 Daru Bramha Leela Prasanga, Shree Daru Bramha Agya
months. In reality however, including both the Hindu Mala Prasanga and Shree Daru Bramha Mahaprasad
and the secular festivals celebrated in Puri, the Prasanga, of the various festivals that dot the religious
enumeration far exceeds 13. calendar of Puri, twelve are considered superior than
the rest as purportedly God himself directed the exact
The festivals of Puri can be segregated into 4 primary execution of the rites of these rituals customs that
categories. the 12 primary rituals observed at the have been followed in Puri since time immemorial and
Jagannath Temple as prescribed by tradition of the cult survive to this day in the exact same form, in the Skanda
in Skanda Purana, a miscellany of 78 other smaller Purana. These festivals are explained as under:22:
commemorations of Jagannath culture known as yatras
Map 3-4 Festivals mapping of Puri

22Pratihari, Rabindra. Meeting at Radha Ballava Matha Library, Personal

interview, 17 Aug. 2015.

*English Calendar Dates as on 2015-16 Calendar Year (subject to yearly change)

S. Festivals Hindu English Ritual Location of
No. Calendar Calendar Processions
1. Snan Yatra Jaistha 2 June Unlike on ordinary days, when a reflected Ratna Bedi to
or Purnima image of Lord Jagannath is bathed during Snan Mandap
Snan Purnima avakasha, on the day of Snan Purnima, the (within Shri
Lord in cleansed in actuality with 108 vessels Jagannath
of water at the Snan Mandap. Temple
Precinct)
2. Rath Yatra Ashar 18 June According to ancient legend, Lord Jagannath From Shri
or Shukla was conceived in the precinct of the present Jagannath
Patita Pavana Dwitiya Gundicha Temple to Rani Gundicha. Later, Temple to the
Yatra when the deity was established in an Gundicha
individual, dedicated temple, Rani Gundicha Temple along
was overcome with sorrow at the prospect the Bada
of the Lords departure from her temple. Danda or the
Moved by her love and devotion, Lord Grand Road,
Jagannath promised her that he would return with a stop at
to her once each year to the a vow that the Mashima
Rath Yatra continues to fulfil when Lord Temple.
Jagannath, his brother Balabhadra and sister
Subhadra take the journey from the
Jagannath Temple to Gundicha Temple.
A more realistic theory, perhaps, is the

explanation of Rath Yatra as Patita Pavana
Yatra an occassion for those not allowed
within the sacred precincts of the temple to
still get the benefit of receiving the Lords
darshan once a year as he drives down the
Grand Road in his chaariot.
3. Hari Shayan Ashar 28 June This festival denotes the rest period of Lord Shri Jagannath
Ekadashi Shukla Jagannath, as his pratimurti is laid to repose Temple
Ekadashi for four months following the exhaustion, of
Rathyatra. The Lord is dressed in suvarna
shringar his golden attire for this particular
occasion.
4. Dakshinayan Karkat 16 July As the sun moves southwards towards the Shri Jagannath
Yatra Sankranti Tropic of Cancer, the Dakshinayan Yatra Temple
takes place with a procession, and a change
of the deities garbs.
5. Parshva Bhadra 26 August Exactly two months into the four month Shri Jagannath
Parivartan Shukla long rest period of the Lord, the Parshva Temple
Yatra Ekadashi Parivatan Yatra takes place with the
changing of side for the Lords sleeping
posture.
6. Devotthhan Kartik 23 Devotthhan marks the rise of the deity from Shri Jagannath
Shukla October his long slumber and he is dressed in his Temple
Ekadashi suvarna shringar again to mark this day.
7. Pushyabhishe Poush 25 On this day, the deity is dressed once more Shri Jagannath
k Purnima December in his golden attire and his coronation takes Temple
place after an elaborate arati.

8. Pravarana Magh 13 With the approach of winter, as the days Shri Jagannath
Yatra Shukla February grow cold, the Pravarana Yatra is marked by Temple
Shashthi the dressing of the deity in warm clothes
suitable for the season
9. Uttarayan Makar 15 January Similar to the Dakshinayan Yatra, this Shri Jagannath
Yatra Sankranti festival takes place when the sun moves Temple
northwards towards the Tropic of
Capricorn, the Uttarayan Yatra takes place
with a procession, and a change of the
deities clothing.
10. Dol Yatra Falgun 22 Beginning on Falgun Purnima and Shri Jagannath
Purnima February continuing for six consecutive days, during Temple to
this festival, the Dol Govinda pratimurti of Dol Vedi
the idol, along with those of Sridevi,
Bhudevi, Ram and Krishna are carried in a
procession to the Dol Vedi where they are
placed on a swing and rocked. In the main
temple, the festivities are marked with the
playing of colours.
11. Damanaka Chaitra 22 March This festival is manifest by the travel of the Shri Jagannath
Yatra Shukla utsav murtis Ram and Krishna from the Temple to
Chaturdas Jagannath Temple to the pramodudyana or Jagannath
hi the pleasure garden, situated at the Ballav Matha
Jagannath Ballav Matha, for the purpose of
collecting Dayana a plant that is that
produce a drug that enables the Lord to
sleep peacefully.
12. Akshay Baishakh 21 April Beginning on the Akshay Tritiya and Shri Jagannath
Tritiya Shukla continuing till the festival of Snan Yatra, this Temple to
Tritiya festival is also referred to as the Chandan Narendra
Yatra and can be carried on for up to 42 Tank
days. The Madan Mohan utsav murti of
Lord Jagannath, along with Sridevi, Bhudevi,
Ram and Krishna are taken to the Narendra
Tank where the heat of summer is evaded by
the deities by cruising through the lake and
applying sandalwood paste on their bodies.
During Akshay Tritiya, the construction of
the Rath is also initiated with three pieces of
wood.
Details of some of the more elaborate rituals, namely

the Chandan Yatra, Snan Yatra and Rath Yatra have
been described in detail subsequently.

CHANDAN YATRA devotees carry chatris or the umbrellas made by the

Month: April May / Hindu calendar: Baisakha skilled artisans from Pipli projecting the rich art and
craft of the city. Thousands of people are seen taking a
Festivals relating to Lord Jagannath are occasions of dip in the holy tank considered to be auspicious during
great religious experience and devotional fervour. In the this part of the year.
metaphysical system the festivals are known as 'Yatra'.
Many festivals of Puri are related to Lord Jagannath and After the completion of the outer chandan yatra, the
the Jagannath temple, out of which one most important inner chandan yatra starts inside the temple and lasts for
festival is 'Chandan Yatra'. This auspicious day also 21 days. Various rites are performed inside the temple,
marks the beginning of the construction of the Rathas, out of view of the public.
chariots for the ceremonial sojourn of Jagannath,
Balabhadra and Subhadra to the Gundicha temple on SNANA YATRA/DEVSNANA PURNIMA
the day of car festival. 'Chandan Yatra', literally, Month: May- June; Hindu calendar: Jyestha (full moon day)
Sandalwood festival, indicates the worshiping of the
This is the bathing festival of the deities. On this day,
deities with sandalwood mixed water. Chandan yatra is
the three deities move in colorful processions to the
divided into two period i.e, Bahar chandan or outer
Snana Mandapa (Bathing pandal) where the deities are
chandan (21 days) and Bhitar chandan or inner chandan
bathed with 108 pitchers of water drawn from a well
(21 days).
near the northern gate. At the end of Snana Yatra day,
The outer chandan lasts for 21 days. Every day the the deities are supposed to fall ill (fever) and do not
representative images of the deities i.e, Rama, Krishna, return to their pedestal. They stay away from the public
Madan Mohan, Laxmi and Saraswati (Biswadhatri) are view for a period of 15 days. This period is known as
taken in a procession to the famous Narendra tank or 'Anabasara' or Anasara in local language. After this
chandan pokhari. The five shivas known as Pancha period, people get the first glimpse of their deities on
Pandavas, namely Lokanath, Yameswar, Markandaya, the day before Rath Yatra, on this day the deities are re-
Kapal Mochan and Nilakantha, accompany Madan painted and brought to the main platform for the
Mohan(the representative of Lord Jagannath) to the devotees to see and pay homage which is called ' Nava
Narendra tank. In a highly decorated boat Madan Yauvana Darshan. This is also known as Netrotsava.
Mohan, Laxmi and Saraswati are placed and in another Next day, the Ratha Yatra festival is observed.
are placed Rama, Krishna and the Pancha Pandavas
This festival is known as 'Devasnan Purnima' or 'Snana
(five shivas). The deities enjoy an evening cruise and
Yatra' (Bathing Festival). There is a general belief that
various models of worship in the pictureseque
the devotee washes away all his sins if he gets a vision
Narendra tank with the accompaniment of music and
of the Lord on this day, therefore, it attracts thousands
dance. On the last day of the festival 'Bhaunri Yatra' is
of pilgrims from all over the world. According to
performed.
Skanda Purana when King Indradyumna installed the
The procession starts from Singhadwara to Narendra wooden deities he arranged this bathing ceremony. On
puskarini amid hymn, bhajan, kirtana, mridanga, ghanta the previous day of Snana Yatra the images of Lord
etc. The traditionally decorated royal elephant takes the Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and Goddess Subhadra
lead followed by two gigantic decorated palanquins or along with the image of Sudarshana are ceremonially
vimana carrying the deities to their destination. The brought out from the inner sanctum of the main temple
sacred vimanas takes rest on the shoulders of the in a procession (called 'Pahandi' in local language) to the
professionally earmarked viman badus. Throughout Snana Mandapa (Bathing pandal). This bathing
their journey thousands of devotees throng to cover the platform is situated to the north-east of Ananda Bazar
glimpse of the yatra, offering puja & pankti bhoga to and besides the outer wall of the temple (called
the deities. All along the way to Narendra tank the Meghanada Pacheri in local language).The length and
conventional huge wooden sheds or chamundiya were breadth of this bathing platform is 76 feet. It is at such
erected enabling rest for the deities. Besides these,
a height that visitors standing outside the temple also OTHER YATRAS AND UPA YATRAS
get a clear view of the deities.
RATHAYATRA & BAHUDA YATRA (GUNDICHA These include an assortment of religious festivals such
YATRA & GHOSH YATRA) as the Sahi Yatras, Dusshera Celebrations, Durga Puja,
Month: May- June /July; Hindu calendar: Ashadha Sukla Pankodhar Ekadashi, Kaliya Daman, Shiva Ratri, Ras
Dwitiya i.e. the second day of bright fortnight of Asadha (June- Purnima, Jhulan Yatra, Prathamashtami, Amavashya
July) every year. Yatra and Sudarshan Yatra to name a few.
On this day, the three deities are taken out from the SAHI YATRA
main temple, placed in three gorgeously decorated Month - This fortnight-long festival begins on Ram Navami day
chariots and start their journey to Sri Gundicha temple. and celebrates the birth of Lord Rama.
The chariots are dragged by thousands of devotees
from the Lions gate of the Jagannath temple to Sri A spring carnival called 'Sahi Yatra' or the street play of
Gundicha temple which is located at a distance of 3 the pilgrim city Puri is a very popular festival. It is one
kilometers. The 3 kilometers long Grand Road, locally of the oldest festivals of Puri and believed to have
and traditionally known as Bada Danda, between Sri begun in 1230 AD. As per records, in the 11th century,
Jagannath temple and Sri Gundicha temple, is a sea of during the reign of Chodoganga Deva, King of Puri,
humanity as the devotees collect to have a glimpse of many 'kotas' (forts), bastions and 'Jagagharas'
the deities on their chariots. (Gymnasiums) were developed to safeguard Puri town
from invaders. At that time Meghanada Prachira, the
At Gundicha temple the deities remain for 7 days and massive boundary wall which surrounds Lord Jagannth
perform their return journey on the 9th day which is Temple now, was not built and it was the duty of the
known as 'Bahuda Yatra'. The three chariots return to Jagagharas to protect the temple from enemies
the main temple in the evening. On the next day, the
three deities are attired in costumes of glittering gold In local language 'Sahi' means a particular area or
ornaments and are worshipped by millions of devotees. locality or street. There are seven very old sahis in Puri
This is known as the 'Suna Vesha'. Next day morning, on both sides of the main road and around the
the three deities go back to their original place of the Jagannath temple. Each Sahi has its own Jagaghara and
temple. Their arrival into the sanctum sanctorum marks its own presiding deity. Most of the Sahis are named
the end of the Car festival. after their presiding deities. The Jagagharas in different
Sahis are responsible to trian the local people with
More than a religious festival, the Ratha Yatra is a wrestling techniques, acrobats and various war
celebration of the divine values of love and compassion, techniques like handling of sword, stick and other
of equality and fraternity. The general public is allowed weapons. During Sahi Yatra, traditional weapons of
to pull the chariots irrespective of caste, creed, sect, and Jagagharas are taken out to the street in grand
religion and sex distinctions. This liberty indicates that procession and the wrestlers get an opportunity to
the deity is equal for every person on earth and grants display their strength and skill.
equal opportunity to all. Also, the festival signifies that
the benevolent deities desire to come down to the level Sahi yatra is partly martial but its theme is religious. This
of the common man to share the joys and suffering of fortnight-long festival begins on Ram Navami day and
all humanity. celebrates the birth of Lord Rama. Sahi Yatra is a kind
of folk drama and the most attractive feature is the
The Ratha Yatra is the grand finale of a series of grand procession which starts from the narrow lane of
festivals spread over the summer and the monsoon each Sahi and finally comes to the Grand road of Puri.
month. The procession is accompanied by decorated elephants,
horses, flag bearers, flame torches and music bands
playing drums, trumpets and conch shells. Famous

sahis like Harachandi Sahi, Baseli Sahi, Markandeswara AMAVASHYA YATRA

Sahi, Dolomandapa Sahi, Matimandapa Sahi, Bali Sahi Month: Every Month on the day of no moon
and Gaudabada Sahi are responsible to carry out the
grand event. It is said of Swarg Dwar that not only is it the gateway
to heaven for mortals after their cremation, but is also
Each sahi is distinguished by its distinct flag. Each sahi the pathway taken by Gods and Goddesses as they
is assigned a different event to play like birth of Lord descend upon earth to pay their respect to Lord
Rama, killing of demon by goddess Durga, Ravana Jagannath. To welcome them, the Lord is taken in a
lifting Kailash Mountain, capture of Sita by Ravana, procession to Swarg Ddwar in his Narayan Utsav Murti
battle between Parasuram and Lord Rama, war between on the amavashyas of each month. On his way, the
Rama and Ravana etc. The actors of each sahi wear procession stops briefly at the Ugrasena Ashram in the
huge and elaborate masks of ten headed Ravana, five Bali Sahi, so that the Lord can bestow darshana to one
faced Ganesh, Nursingha and of various deities and of his most devoted followers of all times, Ugrasena
demons. The most eye catching actor of the procession Muni. On its way back the procession comes via the
is the 'Naga'. He is seen wearing a loin cloth and a tiger Hara Chandi Sahi after blessing the servitors of the
skin around his chest. Amasal (torch) and a gun can be temple residing in the area.
seen in his right and left hands respectively. On his
waist portion several weapons like shield, dagger and SUDARSHANA YATRA
knife are placed. He wears a rosary around the neck. On One of the murtis of existence of the Lord is the
the back portion of the figure, a bamboo mat can be Sudarshan Murti, charged with protection and
seen which is tied on his body. His face consists of big inspection of the entire city and its accounts. In order
round eyes, sharp nose, curly moustache and beard, a to scrutinize the various parts of the city, the Sudarshan
beautiful heavy headgear adorns his head. This type of Murti is taken regularly on precession via Dolmandap
Naga decoration is indigenous to Puri and not seen Sahi, Markandeshwar Tank, Bali Sahi and Jambeshwar
anywhere. Mahadeva.
PANKODHAR EKADASHI KRUSHNA JANMASHTAMI AND KALIYA

Month: February; Hindu calendar: Falgun DAMANA
Month: August- September; Hindu calendar: Bhadra
The celebration of Pankodhar Ekadashi is celebrated
with gusto especially at the Loknath Temple of Puri. DURGA PUJA /DUSSAHARA/ GOSANI YATRA
The Bije Pratima of Loknath, the treasurer of Shree Month: September- October; Hindu calendar: Ashwin
Jagannath Temple, known as Bhandar Loknath is
This is one of the most important Pujas celebrated in
brought from the main temple to the Loknath Temple
Puri. It is also known as 'Gosani Yatra'. It is celebrated
in a procession and worshipped.
to commemorate the victory of good over the evil.
MAHA SHIVRATRI Durga, the Mother Goddess is the epitome of all that is
Month: February; Hindu calendar: Falgun good and beautiful and the buffalo-demon all that is
vice and ugly. With her trident, she kills him sitting on
The occasion of Maha SHivaratri too is celebrated the lion, and this festival is to celebrate her victory and
primarily at the Loknath Temple. The Shiv Ling, it is celebrated with gaiety and grandeur. During the
believed to have been established by Lord Rama festival, exquisite clay images of the Goddess are
himself is cleaned from the water, flowers and leaves worshipped at many places of the city with grand
that obscure it throughout the year by devotees and traditional decorations, and on the day of immersion,
worshipped. The devotees also take a ceremonial dip at they are taken out in colourful procession through
the Parvati Sagar Tank adjacent to the Loknath Temple streets of the city thronged with visitors and line before
that houses holy water believed to cure diseases. the Lions gate of Lord Jagannath temple on their way
to the sea.

RASA PURNIMA, KARTIKA PURNIMA AAND 16. Governors Trophy

PANCHKUA
Month: October- November; Hindu calendar: Kartika The District Cultural Office further sponsors cultural
troupes for the following festivals23:
PRATHAMASTAMI
1. Chandan Yatra
Month: November December; Hindu calendar: Margasira
2. Raja Utsav
JHULAN YATRA 3. Shree Ganesh Melan
Month: August; Hindu calendar: Shravan 4. Biswakarma Puja
5. Boudh Mahotsav
Jhulan Yatra is the Swinging festival of Lord Jagannath. 6. Hanuman Jayanti
The protege of Lord Jagannath is placed in gorgeously 7. Idd Milan
decorated swing in a relaxing posture and swung to the 8. Maa Mangala Mahotsav
accompaniment of music and dance. This Festival is 9. Bhakta Dasia Peeth
scrupulously observed in the temple of Lord Jagannath 10. Janmastami
and other Mathas in Puri, for a week, preceding the 11. Basanta Utsav
Sravana purnima, which falls in August every year. The 12. Shrikshetra Hanuman Jayanti
full moon day that falls in the month of Sravana marks 13. Anabasar Yatra
the end of the festival. 14. Jhulan
15. Satyabadi Mahotsav
OTHER FESTIVALS 16. Dhanu Yatra
The District Cultural Office organizes a number of 17. Dola Melans
festivals in the city each year on days of National and
State level significance. These festivals, excluding those BEACH FESTIVAL
already enumerated, have been provided by the District The 'Beach Festival' of Puri is a seven day festival
Cultural Officer Mr Nalini Kanta Sahoo to the Hriday organized by the people of Orissa, the citizen of Puri,
City Anchor Team on 04.09.2015 as: Hotel and Restaurant Association of Orissa (HRAO)
and sponsored by Department of Tourism (Govt. of
1. Independence Day
India and Govt. of Orissa).
2. Childrens Film Festival
3. Utkal Divas Puri Beach festival unravel the majestic grandeur of
4. Banayag Yatra divergent art, craft and culture from different states,
5. Republic Day particularly the ethnic pristine splendor of Odishas
6. Srikshetra Pustak Mela glorious culture heritage amidst the exotic ambience on
7. Jayadeva Jayanti the golden beaches of the Bay of Bengal. The basic idea
8. Shree Radha Utsav Anlanabami of Puri Beach festival is to present the art, crafts,
9. Magha Mela culture, cuisine and tourism potential of the state on a
10. Srikshetra Mahotsav single platform and to attract national and international
11. Loka Kala focus on it. A
12. World Heritage Day
13. Nilachal Urban Haat Besides the sports events the other major attraction is
14. Sastriya Odia Vasa Dibas the culture based programme. Since Orissa is a place
15. Chief Ministers Trophy with varied culture, the different traditional functions
emphasizing its culture are displayed in its wide form.
23 Based on Information provided by District Culture Officer

Representatives from different part of the state auspicious for worship by all castes alike, which is a
participate and participate with dance, songs, orchestra primary requirement for Jagannatha as he is God to the
etc. The great Odissi dance projecting the saga of from entire universe. While Hindu scriptures state that of the
Ramayana, Mahabharat, Dasavatara, Prahallad Badha four objects of desire that humans pray for longevity,
etc. are performed by several troupes through dance strength, victory and wealth, metal deities can only
form. The marital art of Mayurbhanj is displayed in bestow some, whereas deities made of wood can
Chau Nurtya. The Paikas of Khurda who are known for bestow all. Some scholars also suggest that the
their valour in historical times, are also represented in rootedness to wooden images owes its origin to the very
the dance form by the traditional Paikas as Paika inception of Lord Jagannath that occurred amongst the
Nrutya. In addition to this, members from other parts tribals of the region in ancient times.
of the country take part to show their cultural ability.
Further, on analyzing the history of Nabakalebar, it can
NABAKALEBARA be conjectured that during the olden days of inter-
Concept kingdom strife and continuous struggle for power, the
Vasansi Jirnani yatha vihaya Nabakalebar was a necessity. The Jagannath Temple
Navani grhnati naro parani being a symbol of prestige and power of the
Tatha sarirani vihaya jirnany concomitant King, the seat of the Lord and the idols
were often the prime targets for assailants of the realm.
Nyanyani sanyati navani dehi24
Attempts at sacrilege by raiding the temples for temple
As the 22nd verse of the Second Chapter of Shreemad treasure and destruction of deities was an act that was
Bhagavat Gita mentions, like one wears a new garment repeated by accosters of faiths other than Vaisnavism
upon discarding old ones, similarly, the immortal soul as an exhibition of religious supremacy, as has been
accepts new material bodies and gives up on the old proved by the earliest historic instances of Nabakalebar
one. Upon this philosophical conceptual background that were conducted as a result of atrocities by foreign
stands the age-old tradition of Nabakalebar. In fact the iconoclasts such as Raktabahu a Kushan invader,
very word Nabakalebar is a combination of the two Kalapahad a Muslim general, and Kesodasmaru a
word naba meaning new and kalebar meaning Rajput Chief, Mughal Emepror Aurungzeb and Taki
body. So, literally, Nabakalebar means the
assumption of a new body, in this case, by the holy
quartet of Jagannth, Balabhadra, Subhadra and
Sudarshan unitedly referred to as the
Chaturddhamurati of Srimandir.
Apart from the theoretical underpinning of this ritual, a

more practical explanation lies at the fact that unlike
most Hindu deities who are manifest in images made of
stone, metals and jewels, the deity of Lord Jagannath is
made of woodWood being perishable, it is a basic
requirement that it be replaced from time to time. .
Neem wood being strong, resistant to pests and insects,
and durable, is thus the obvious choice for the image of
the Lord. Further, the Neem wood from which the idol Image 3-30 Artists impression of Nabakalebara rituals
Source: Darubrahma. (2015). Department of Culture, Government of Odisha.
of Lord Jagannath is made is prescribed to be wood
24 Shreemad Bhagavat Gita. Verse 2.22

Khan. Thus, initially, Nabakalebar can be said to have

been circumstantial rather than ritual.
History
While there is no ascertained source regarding the

history of Nabakalebar, the earliest performance of this
rite can be reconstructed using the semi-historic records
of the Madalapanji of Jagannath Temple, folklore,
mythology and hearsay. The history 25 of the 27
Nabakalebars leading up to Nabakalebar 2015 have
been tabulated as follows as follows:
Image 3-31 Nabakalebara rituals 2015

25Navakalebar: Ritual and History, Dr. Hemanta Mahapatra,

Odisha Review, Julu 2015, p 25 -33.
Image 3-32 Decorations in front of the three ratha during Nabakalebara 2015

Sl No. Date Sovereignty Circumstance

1 11th Century C.E. Jajati Keshari of Upon the incident of Raktabahus sack of Puri and the
Somvamsa Dynasty havoc wrecked in the Shri Kshetra, the priests of
Jagannath Temple buried the idols deep under the
earth for fear of sacrielege. Later, they were excavated
under Kind Jajati Keshari. But owing to the
dilapidated condition of the idols from havin been
underground for a long period, they were reinstated as
new idols through a Nabakalebar.
2 Early 12th Century Anantavarman Though nor ites or rituals are mentioned, the
Chodagangadev of Ganga inscription found in the Nrusimha Temple stating,
Dynasty Naba Vigraha Pratisthapan, meaning installation of
a new idol, indicates that a Nabkalebar may have taken
place when the first Jagannath Temple was
constructed by Anantavarman Chodaganga and the
idol installed.
3 1574 C.E. Gajapati Ramchandradev Apprehending the vandalism of iconoclast general
Kala Pahad of the Islamic Ruler Suleman Karani, the
servitors of the temple concealed the idols at
Parikudgarh, in Chilika. However, Kalapahad was not
to be deceived. Upon finding the idols, he proceeded
to burn them in Bengal, where a Vaishnav devotee by
the name of Vishar Mohanty was able to salvage the
Brahma or soul of God that is supposed to be
embedded within the idol. Upon retrieving the
Brahma, another Nabkalebar was organized before
worship was re-initiated.
4 1593 C.E. Gajapati Ramchandra Dev This is the second Nabkalebar that was held by
Gajapati Ramchandradev, possibly at Khurda.
5 1608 C.E. Gajapati Purushottama Between the onslaughts of invasion by Rajput Jagirdar
Dev Kesodasmaru, Subedar of Orissa Kalyanmalla,
Subadar Makaram Khan and Subadar Ahmad Beg,
this fifth Nabakelbar was a low key affair, concluded
with modest festivities.
6 1627 C.E. Subadar Ahmed Beg Six years after the death of Purushottamdeva, the
deities were brought back after their safe exile to
Burhanpur to give them protection from Kalyanmalla
and reinstated with financial assistance from Muslim
Subadar Ahmed Beg, who had by then become deeply
spiritual under the influence of Vaishnav saint
Rashikananda Goswami.
7 1646 C.E. Gajapati Narasingha Dev A modest Nabkalebar was organized during the reign
of Narasingha Dev, on a period marked with unrest.
8 1665 C.E. Mukunda Dev Nabkalebar was accomplished under peaceful
circumstances.
9 1684 C.E. Mukunda Dev Nabkalebar was accomplished under peaceful
circumstances.
10 1696 C.E. Gajapati Dibyasingha An incomplete Nabakalebar as the Brahma was not
Deva transported, this Nabakalebar was executed to mark
the return of the Lord from Banapur, where his idol
was hidden for fear of vandalism during the religiously
intolerant reign of Mughal Emperor Aurungzeb.

11 1711/1714 C.E. Gajapati Dibyasingha Complete Nabakalebar held, again under the reign of
Deva Dibyasingha Deva at Puri, though historians are
divided about the exact year.
12 1730 C.E. _ The idols were shifted to Hanthada of Banapur under
the threat of an assault from Taki Khan, but
Nabakalebar was performed in the traditional way.
13 1749 C.E. Raja Birakeshari Deva The Nabakalebar was held under the direction of
Marathas who were then the effective rulers of
Odisha. As Birakeshari Deva was a minor, Ujjaldeva
was in charge.
14 1768 C.E. Raja Birakeshari Deva The Nabakalebar was held under the direction of
Marathas who were then the effective rulers of
Odisha. As Birakeshari Deva was a minor, Ujjaldeva
was in charge.
15 1790 C.E. Divyasingha Deva The event was conducted amidst much splendour.
16 1809 C.E. East India Company The event was organized and financed by the British,
with added financial assistance from the Kings of
Khandapada, Ranapur and Athamalik.
17 1817 C.E. (?) East India Company While the Madalapanji declared that a Nabakalebar
(disputed) was orhanized this year, its authenticity is considered
questionable.
18 1828 C.E. Gajapati Ramachandra Nabakalebar was accomplished under peaceful
Deva circumstances.
19 1855 C.E. _ While Nabakalebar was due in 1853, it was finally
executed in 1855. This Nabakalebar was marked by a
number of distressful events incessant rain, falling
of a stone from the temple shikhara due to lightning
and death of 7 people by stampede, that devotees
considered to be sign of the Lords displeasure at the
delayed performance of the ritual.
20 1874 C.E. Divyasingha Dev Nabakalebar was performed under the British
Magisterial Committee, on behalf of the underage
King Divyasingha Dev under the guardianship of
Suryamani Patmahadei
21 1893 C.E. _ Nabakalebar was accomplished under peaceful
circumstances.
22 1912 C.E. Govt. of India Nabakalebar was celebrated with immense activity
owing to the active support from the Government.

Identification of Daru The Daru of Balabhadra should have 7 branches, a bark

of light brown or white color, and the sign of plough
and pestle on it. It is mandatory that there should be a
cremation ground and heritage structure in the vicinity
of the tree. The Daru of Subhadra should have 5
branches, a yellowish bark and the marking of a lotus.
The Daru of Sudarshan should have 3 branches,
reddish bark, and the mark of a chakra with a
depression in the middle.
Ritual Procedure followed for Nabakalebar
The ritual starts at the Jagannatn Temple at mid-day of

the Shukla-Dashami on the month of Chaitra when a
garlandmeasuring 12 feet used to worship the Gods.
After the worship is complete, the garland is named
Agyamala a token of the Lords permission. This
garland is then given to the leaderof the procession that
is to set out on the search for the Daru and has to be
carried without respite henceforth till the tree is found
and the garland placed on it. Vidyapatis, Daitas and
Brahmins well versed in the Vedas form the core group
Image 3-33 An artists impression of daru selection for the search and while their number is predetermined,
Source: Darubrahma. (2015). Department of Culture, Government of Odisha.
it ascribes the minimum number, and has scope for
The God at Jagannath Puri is referred to as Daru addition of extra members. Dressed in new garments,
Bramha, with Daru literally translating as wood. the entire party sets forth on their mission from the
This wood that is changed at every Nabakalebar is of Gajapatis palace after receiving the official command
utmost significance and the selection procedure for the from the King to find the Daru. From here, the part
same follows a number of rituals under extremely moves to Jagannath Ballav Matha and on to the
detailed prescription. For each deity Jagannath, Mangala Temple at Kakatapur, a village situated 60
Balabhadra, Subhadra and Sudarshan, the wood has to kilometres away from Puri. Here the group stays for 15
have different qualities, but all the wood should be from to 30 days until the oldest Daitapati is visited in his
Neem tree. dreams by Goddess Mangala who directs him towards
the exact location of the trees.
The tree from which the Daru for Jagannath is
gathered has to be taken from a tree marked with the On finding the tree, the Daitapati places the Agyamala
shankha and chakra, having four main branches. The upon the tree. The surroundings of the tree are then
bark should have a dark coloration and the foot of the cleansed, perfumed water sprinkled and a platform
tree should have an anthill and a snake hole. The tree erected at the foot of the tree for the Vana Joga
should not have any birds nests and there should be no ceremony. A temporary hutment is also set up near the
perched bird on it. It should also be free from parasitic tree, known as Sabar Palli, where the group then resides.
plants and creepers. Other trees surrounding this tree
should include the Varuna, Sahada and the Belva. The After the performancc of the Yajna and meditation for
neighborhood of the tree should have a cremation three days, the tree is touched by a golden axe by the
ground, a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and another Vidyapati, a silver axe by the Daitapati and finally with
heritage component. an iron axe by the Maharana. After the tree has been
felled, it is transported with all branches intact, to Puri
on a newly made, four wheeled, wooden cart. All the

four trees are covered in silken cloth, and brough to the floated to Puri from Dwarka after his death as a log of
Koili Baikuntha area of the Shree Jagannath Temple wood.
which becomes the most important part of the temple
for the next few days. Once the Ghata Paribarttana is complete, the old idols
are considered dead and are buried, along with thei
The work that proceeds is executed under strictest subsidiary deities, beds and chariot into a well of Koili
confidentiality, with not even the head priest of the Baikuntha. Though the same well is used for each
temple being allowed to visit the special enclosure burial, the remnants from the past Nabakalebar are
where the carving of the idol is being done. The work never found there. As the Daitapatis consider the Lord
begins on the day of Snan Purnima, when the sacred to be there family member, they go in mourning for ten
logs are bathed along with the existing deities and then days, and perform Suddhikriya on the eleventh day as
taken to the Daru Ghara stacking room of sacred logs. one would normally do for a family member.
Here, after prescribed rituals have been performed by
108 Brahmins, the three most experienced wood carver This concludes the Nabakalebar and the new deity is
begin to work on the idol of Lord Jagannath. Two more celebrated with the Rath Yatra subsequently.
groups, each with three carvers simultaneously start
carving the idols of Balabhadra and Subhadra, while
more than 50 people assisting them. The carving has to
be completed within 21 days, duting which the carvers
are not allowed to leave the temple premises and
provided with only Mahaprasad for food. These 21 days
are marked with incessant chanting of Vedas and
devotional songs being sung outside the Koili
Baikuntha a process known as Akhanda Bhajan.
Once the idols have been made, they are brought to the
Anasarapindi chamber of the temple, after three
circumambulations, for the most auspicious ritual of
Nabakalebar the Ghata Paribarttana. In the dead of
the night of Krishna Chaturdashi in the month of
Ashara, by the three senior most Daitapatis, one each
for Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra. After a day of
fasting and meditation, the Daitapatis, with their eyes
blindfolded and hands wrapped in silk, perform the
ritual of Ghata Parivartan that involves the transfer of the
Bramha, or the sould of God from the old idol to the
new. The content of the Brahma or the Ghata is
unknown as are details of the rituals, as it is performed
under strict secrecy. Even the CCTV Cameras and
Electricity of the entire area in and around the Shree
Jagannath Temple is turned off to respect the darkness
and silence that is required for this ritual. Different sects
have different interpretations of what the Brahma
exactly is. While Buddhists think it is a tooth of Gautam
Buddha, Vaishnavs are of the opinion that it is a live
Shalgram Shila fallen from heaven, and tribals think it
to be the unburnt navel portion of Shree Krishna that

3.3.3 Crafts and Local Art
The crafts and local arts are the living heritage which Wooden painted 40
are associated with the traditional rituals and customs toys
of Shri Jagannatha temple and the local folklore that has Solapitha 40
evolved with the changing scenario and the Satasankha Coir craft 35
contemporary need catering to the tourists and Konark Stone Carving 200
Sea Shell 35
pilgrims.
Palm leaf etching 110
The map below shows the mapping of handicrafts of Paper mache 30
Salanga Woolen Carpet 60
Orissa by Directorate of Handicrafts and Cottage
Industries. It identifies Puri district as a major centre of
Pattachitra, applique, stone carving and sea shell. Apart
from these four it has also identified two more crafts
wood carving and solapitha which are produced in Puri.
Map 3-6 Mapping of Handicrafts Cluster

Source: http://www.odisha.gov.in/textiles/index.htm
Block wise list of handicrafts and artisans in Puri

provided by District Industries Centre is as under which
are explained in the next sections:
Name of the Craft Puri (M) Puri

Sadar
Map 3-5Mapping of handicrafts of Odisha Applique 150 380
Source: http://www.odisha.gov.in/textiles/index.htm
Cane and bamboo 30
Handicrafts in Puri District identified by Coir toy 60 80
Directorate of Handicraft and Cottage Sea shell 154 100
Industries Stone carving 100 124
Name of Name of the craft No. of Craft Wood carving 42 40
the cluster person Pattachitra 90 190
Pipli Applique 250 Palmleaf engraving 20 80
Woolen Carpet 90 Ganjapa 02 02
Kanasa Applique 80 Brass & Belmetal 10 10
Golden Grass 50 Paper Mache 14 20
Kadua Applique 200 Soft toys 20 16
Puri Applique 280 Zari & Solo 70 30
Stone Carving 170 Modern Applique 90 80
Sea Shell 45 Sliver Filigree 18

PATTACHITRA
Pata is a Sanskrit word which means canvas and chitra for Balabhadras chariot and 6 families for Subhadras
means picture. So patta chitra means scroll of painting chariot.The colouring of the holy trinity is called Banaka
on canvas. These are different from the coloured Laagi .26
illustrations on the palm leaf as well as the rural folk
paintings. These paintings usually represent the
different forms and bhesha of Shri Jagannatha,
Balabhadra and Subhadra.
The artists who paint are locally known as Chitrakaras

and they use the surname of Maharana, Mahapatra,
Das, Subudhi, Bindhani Paikaroy and Dattamahapatra.
These Chitrakaras also belong to sebayat system. All the
members of Chitrakaras family help the artist in
preparing of portraits. Women and children generally
engage themselves in making paste and colour.
Image 3-34 Chitrakaras wife preparing the colours
Source: Google
Puri has been the centre of patta paintings since ancient
times. In Puri these Chitrakaras reside at Chitrakara sahi ANASARA PATTI
where 5 6 family is currently engaged in the work. These paintings are specifically associated with the
Most of the chitrakaras are in Raghurajpur which is a Anasara ritual which happens after the Devsnana Purnima
small village developed by Department of Tourism for festival when the deities of the temple take rest and stay
demonstration of the skill set of the artisans. away from public view. During this time three patta
paintings of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and
The traditional folk artist of Puri are mainly engaged in Goddess Subhadra are worshipped in the temple. These
the making the Yatri Pati or Jagannatha Pati and patta paintings are known as 'Anasara patti' or
painting the walls of the surrounding mathas and 'Anavasara patti'. These are noncommercial pictures
temples. Apart from supplying Anasara Pati to the main which are highly significant and the master employed
temple they annually paint the interior of the temple by temple authorities enjoy high status in their own
walls, chariot during the rathayatra, Dola Mandapa, community and Puri society.
Chandan Mandapa and Gundicha ghar.
Traditionally three families have been assigned the
The traditional linkages and association of different art painting service to Jagannatha Temple which was and
forms with Shir Jagnanatha Temple and its rituals has still hereditary. The three families along with their
kept the art alive in the historic sahis of Puri. For workshop are called Badabada who paints
example the three deities of the temple are coloured Balabhadra/Ananta, Majhibada who paints
several time during the year as the colours are washed Subhadra/Bhuvaneshewari and Jagannathabada who
off by the water used in puja. Different Chitrakaras paints Narayan/Jagannatha. 27
families are appointed by the Shri Jagannatah Temple
Administration to color the chariots during the Two weeks before the bathing festival (snana
rathayatra. Eighteen families are appointed for the purnima/devsnana purnima) which is celebrated annually
Nandi Ghosha chariot of Lord Jagannatha, 14 families at all Jagannatah temples, the temple authorities, the
26Mohanty, B. (2011). Pata-Paintings of Orissa. In Pata-Paintings of Orissa (II 27Fischer, Eberhard, and Dinanath Pathy. "The Production Fof Anasara Pati
ed.). New Delhi: The Director General (Incharge), Publication Division, Triptychs from Orissa." In the Absesnce of Jagannatha. Ed. Julie Pickard. Niyogi,
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 2012. 24. Print.

temple authorities send a note to the chitrakaras asking SOLAPITHA

them to prepare anasara pati for the temple. Solapith work is one of the handicrafts of the State
which are closely linked with religions, festivals and
The family members of the master craftsmen help them marriages. Sola is a water plant growing in marshy areas,
in preparation of the traditional pigment which are becomes light when dried. The biological name of shola
made from natural material. The master craftsmen can is Aeschynomene aspera of the bean family. It is an
be helped by his male family members and caste friends herbaceous plant, which grows particularly in the
to fill in colours and do ornamental work. marshy areas. The solapith is the cortex or core of the
It takes almost two weeks to finish these paintings. The plant and is about 1.5 inches across. These are then cut
evening before, it is fetched by the temple authorities into fine pieces (Pith) as per the requirement of the
and the paintings are hung in the workshop to insert product to be made. It is mainly used in the Jagannatha
pupil eyes. After this the painting is worshipped by a idols, headgear for odissi dancers and dolamukuta for the
family Brahmin with a burning oil lamp. bride & groom in marriage ceremonies. The snow white
colour of the sola increases its beauty. Apart from
The painting is taken to the temple by the master dolamukuta and chatris (umbrellas) used for Gods and
craftsmen carrying the paintings on his shoulder. This Goddessses, various toys are also made out of solapith.
painted icons are hung in the Jagannatha sanctum. The solapith works are mainly found in Jajpur, Puri and
Afterwards these paintings are treated as the main icons Cuttack districts. In Puri, there is a Solapith Craft centre
of the Jagannatha temple for two weeks. located at Neelachal Bhakta Niwas on Grand Road
which is being run by a national award winner.
GANJAPA
It is a folklore art done on circular playing cards peculiar
to Odisha. These have elaborate borders with the
central illustration from either the Ramayana or the
Dasavatara of Vishnu or from 'Krishnalila'.
Image 3-35 Artists making Ganjapas

Image 3-36 Jagannatha Idol in Solapitha Work


The Sand stones also called Khondolite stone (Sahana

Pathar in local dialect) are available in plenty at
Tapangagarh and Ghatikia of Khurda district and
Lalitgiri of Cuttack district. Soft stones (Khadi Pathar
in local dialects) are found in Balasore, Keonjhar and
Mayurbhanj districts of Orissa. Stone carvers are
generally found in places where the stones are
abundantly available. The reason for this may be the
fact that stone is bulky and heavy material. The cost of
carrying the stones to distant places will be too high
making it economically unviable.
In Orissa, the stone carvers are mostly distributed in the

districts of Puri, Khurdha, Cuttack, Balasore, Keonjhar,
Jajpur, Ganjam and Mayurbhanj. As per statistics of the
Directorate of Handicrafts and Cottage Industries, the
stone carving artisan concentration in Orissa is shown
in the following table.
S. District Cluster Block No

N s.
o. of
Image 3-37 Sola Art
Source: Google isa
ns
STONE CRAFT 1. Balasore Baulagadia Oupada 250
The origin of stone carving in Orissa dates back to 13th
century A. D. when medieval North India architecture 2. Balasore Soro Soro 100
of Kalinga School was in a flourishing stage. The world 3. Cuttack Lalitgiri Mahanga 100
famous Sun Temple, that came up in this period is one
of the finest examples of artistry. Since then families 4. Ganjam Mathura Polsara 150
have passed on this tradition from generation to
5. Jajpur Sukhuapada Balichandrapu 100
generation. Even today the stone craft is a special form r
of art and classified as a major item in the handicrafts
sector of Orissa. 6. Keonjhar Dhakhota Anandpur 100
7. Khurdha Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 300

Today there are many families who are engaged in this
Municipality
work as their livelihood. There are many craftsmen who
have been honored with National and State level awards 8. Mayurbhanj Khiching Sukruli 200
for excellence in this art and production of craft items
9. Mayurbhanj Lulung Udala 116
of high artistic value.
10. Puri Puri sadar Puri 170
Stone carvers use hard granite, semi hard sand stone,
and soft stones for their work. The stone carvers usually 11. Puri Konark Gop 200
prefer to work on soft stone, as these are easy to carve
12. Kalahandi Kandagarh Koksara 100
using simple tools and the stones are also comparatively
cheaper. The soft stones are of two types pink and
white.
Puri sub-cluster, (60 kms from Bhubaneswar) is one of

the three sub clusters. It has 6 craft production units
employing 60 artisans. Apart from this there are 60
artisans who are operating as household enterprises
from two locations of Puri town. There are 50
household enterprises in Sakhigopal block situated at a
distance of 15 kilometres from Puri town. 28
In Puri, Pathuria Sahi is the main sahi where the

majority of the stone carvers are residing and they work
in their house in a similar manner as that of Chitrakaras
in Chitrakara Sahi.
Sudarshan Sahu craft centre is one of the main stone

craft centre located at Station road where there is an
exhibition area for display and selling of the products
Image 3-38 Conceptual Sketches for a Sculpture
which is manufactured in the adjacent workshop. 30 - Source: Project Team
40 stone craftsmen work under the surveillance of
master craftsmen and the work is allocated on the basis
of the skill sets. These people belong to the historic
community known as pathhar karigar, who are trained in
their home from childhood.
For the repair work in temple these craftsmen are hired

on contract basis. These craftsmen also sell their
product to the shop owners who contact them with
specific orders which are sold on the Grand road or at
showrooms at various locations. The stone carvers also
specializes in wood carving and are called Vishwakarmas Image 3-39 Sculpture Workshop
(Maharana)29 Source: Project Team
Image 3-40 Awards and Acoolades Displayed at Sudarshan Sahoo Crafts Centre
28 Mishra, Pabitra Mohan. "Evolution of Clusters." UNIDO 29Maharana, R. (2015, August 15). Craftsmen at Sudarshan Crafts Museum
DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF STONE CARVING CLUSTER, [Personal interview].
BHUBANESWAR. 5. Print.
Image 3-41Stone Carving on Display at a Workshop Image 3-42 Sculptor at Work at Sudarshan Sahoo Crafts Centre
Source: Project Team Source: Project Team
Image 3-43Workshop at Sudarshan Crafts Centre

PAPER MACHE
Masks and toys of papier mache are made in
Raghurajpur, Puri, Jeypore and some other places.
These are used by folk opera groups who dramatise
plays based on epics and puranas.
The materials used in the craft are paper, fevicol, gum

and plaster of paris. These products are prepared very
indigenously putting water soaked waste paper layer
after layer up to a desired thickness over moulds of clay
and allowing to dry. After it is dried, it is separated from
mould. Over it a layer of cloth is put with a pasty
material made of chalk and glue. After it is completely
dried, the artisans paint with indigenous colour to bring
out the desired effects.
The folk painters make beautiful toys with detachable

limbs like nodding tigers, other animals and different
types of masks in papier mache. Manufacturing of
utility items like packing boxes, flower vases, etc., out
of paper pulp has added a new dimension to this craft.
Image 3-44 Paper Mache Crafts being sold on Bada Danda


SILVER FILIGREE SHELL PRODUCT

Filigree is a unique craft. It has its own intricate design
and superb craftsmanship. Cuttack district has a long
tradition of meticulous and sophisticated craftsmanship
in silver filigree works. Locally known as Tarakasi the
silver filigree of Cuttack is noted for its delicateness and
intricate workmanship. The art is ancient which has its
origin in Persian countries since 15th century. This craft
had sufficient patronage during the Moghul period but
subsequently suffered for lack of encouragement and
marketing facilities. Most of the artisans engaged in the
trade had to seek other avenues for their livelihood
under difficult conditions. In 1952, the State
government took a bold step to ameliorate the
conditions of these artisans by bringing them in co-
operative fold.
WOOD CARVING
Wood carving in Orissa has both utilitarian and
aesthetic aspects by representing the folk and classical
forms. The wood carvers make a variety of decorative
and utilitarian objects such as toys depicting birds and
animals, real and mythical, panel of alphabets, boxes,
bowls, images of Gods and Goddesses, secular figures
and innumerable other pieces made of light wood and Image 3-45 Shell products shop on Beach
finished with arresting colours, smooth polish, gloss
and shine. Gambhari is widely used for its fine, smooth
texture and light cream colour. Piasal and Teak are also
used. Each of these wooden articles carries the imprint
of concerned area.
For instance, the traditional wooden toy makers of Puri

and Baragarh possess a distinctly unique style. Similarly,
the craftsmen from Khandapara and Puri make flower
vases, jugs, bowls, and vermilion boxes. The wood
carvers of Puri known as Maharanas have been building
for centuries, the famous chariots used in Lord
Jagannaths annual car festival. Folk and classical style
makes these objects unique in the field of handicrafts.

3.3.4 Dance
GOTIPUA the temple of Balunakeswar Dev. If the child is cured,

The Gotipua dance emerged from the ruins of the he too is dedicated to the temple.
Devadasi tradition. From the 14th century onwards,
political unrest and social changes took a toll on the In its present form, the Gotipua dance is more precise
Mahari or Devadasi tradition. During this time, and systematic in its conception. Its repertoire includes
attempts were made to keep alive the beautiful tradition Vandana (prayer to God, or a guru), Abhinaya (the
of dance thus was born the Gotipua tradition. enactment of a song) and Bandha Nritya (rhythms of
acrobatic postures) which is a unique presentation in
The Gotipuas were young boys who were trained in which gotipuas dance and compose themselves in
singing, dancing and acrobatics in the village clubs or various acrobatic yogic postures creating the forms of
akhadas. They were dressed as girls and performed at Radha and Krishna. Bandha Nritya is a demonstration
temple festivals as well as various social and religious of physical prowess requiring great agility and flexibility.
occasions. They also performed at special festive Preferably performed in adolescence, with age, this
occasions relating to Radha and Krishna, like the Dol dance form becomes increasingly difficult to execute.
Utsav (or Spring Festival), the Chandan Yatra (or boat The dancers make extensive use of their hands and feet,
ride of Madan Mohan and Radhika on Chandan and one cannot help admire the acrobatics involved in
Pushkar) and the Jhulan Yatra (or Swing Festival). this dance. Musical accompaniment to the Gotipua
dance is provided by the mardala (a pakhawaj), gini
The Gotipuas began their performance in the later (small cymbals), harmonium, violin and flute.
medieval period, during the reign of the Bhoi king
Ramachandradev.30 The present forms of Odissi dance The philosophy of the Gotipuas is embedded in the
have been derived to a great extent from the Gotipua Sakhibhava culture where the devotees consider
tradition. Though the dances of the Gotipuas are in the themselves to be consorts of Lord Krishna.
Odissi style, crucial differences exist in technique,
costume and presentation. Interestingly, the Gotipua
dancers are the singers too.
The word Gotipua comes from the words goti

meaning one and pua meaning boy. Gotipuas lead a
life of rigorous training and exercise under the
supervision of their gurus. Boys dedicated to the Lord
by their parents are trained to become Gotipua dancers.
Couples pray to Lord Balunakeswar Dev to be blessed
with a male progeny. If the Lord answers their prayers, Image 3-46 Gotipua Dancers
the child is dedicated to the Lord at the age of six years Source: Project Team
and becomes a Gotipua. He stays with the other

Gotipuas till he is sixteen years old. When small
children fall seriously ill, their parents offer prayers at
30 (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2015, from

http://ezccindia.org/safeguarding-and-strengthening-of-vanishing-
arts.html

ODISSI art of dance and music himself, who provided a strong

The dance form of Odissi is the oldest of the six footing for further development of this art through his
acknowledged classical dance forms of India. Like most royal patronage. The Hathi Gumpha inscription states
other Indian classical dance forms, it also owes its origin that in his third regal year King Kharvela entertained
to religion and philosophy, particularly those of the the people of capital city by organizing dance and
temples of Odisha. musical performances. This noble tradition created by
Kharvela came to be followed by the latter rulers of
The Natya Shastra speaks of the dance from this region Odisha, and this art form made further strides of
and refers to it as Odra-Magadhi. The allied art of this progress under the patronage of the Bhaumakara and
dance and music is more popularly known as the Somavansi monarchs31.
Panchama Veda that was cultivated with success from
a very ancient period in Odisha. It was King However, the community which played the greatest role
Mahameghavahan Kharvela, a proficient master in the in popularizing this art--by giving it a news sprit, a new
Image 3-47 Odissi Dancers in different mudras

Source: Pinterest
31 (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2015, from

http://www.orissatourism.org/orissa-dance-and-
music/odissi-dance.html
hope and horizon--was the community of the temple The divine love tales of Radha and the cowherd God
maidens or Devadasis. Devadasis or Maharis used to Krishna are favorite themes for interpretation, and a
practice this dance form and perform it before Lord typical recital of Odissi will contain at least one or two
Jagannath as a form of prayer. At first, only some ashtapadis (poem of eight couplets) from Jayadeva's
Mantras accompanied their Nrutya. But after Jayadev Gita Govindam, which describes in exquisite Sanskrit
composed the Geeta Govindam, abhinaya was also poetry the complex relationship between Radha and her
incorporated in the dance form, improving its grace. Lord.
Ray Ramananda--a dramtist and musician also
contributed significantly to the already flourishing Odissi includes both the elements of Tandava and
dance form of Odissi. He taught it to young boys and Lasya following the Navatala system. But the element
presented the dance form as Gotipua Nacha. He also that distinguishes Odissi form other dance forms is the
convinced Chaityna Dev that singing and dancing were grace. The basic body position is chowka that is
also forms of prayer. Thus, Odissi flourished and grew supposed to be a replica of Lord Jagnnath's body
increasingly refined under the patronage of various position. The five departments of Odissi are
kings and the Vaishnava cult. Mangalacharan, Sthai or Batu, Pallavi, Abhinaya and
Moksha. Odissi has its own style and music.
Odissi was held in high esteem untill the 17th The technique of Odissi also includes repeated use of
century. Nobility were known by their patronage of the the tribhangi, or thrice deflected posture, in which the
arts, and it was not unheard of for royalty of both sexes body is bent in three places, approximating the shape of
to be accomplished dancers. However, after the 17th a helix. This posture and the characteristic shifting of
century, the social position of dancers began to the torso from side to side, make Odissi a difficult style
decline. The status of dancing girls were considered to to execute. When mastered, it is the epitome of fluid
be same as prostitutes, and the "Anti-Nautch" grace and has a distinctively lyrical quality that is very
movement of the British brought Odissi dance to near appealing.
extinction. With the decline of royalty and nobility with
the subsequent lack of patronage, the dance form Music
suffered further. By the 1930s and 40s, there were very
There are a number of musical instruments used to
few surviving practitioners of the art.
accompany Odissi. One of the most important is
Thus, the current form of Odissi is actually the product the pakhawaj, also known as the madal. Other
of a 20th century revival. Dedicated scholars and dance instruments which are commonly used are
enthusiasts carefully researched manuscripts and the bansuri (bamboo flute), the manjira (metal
studied the sculpture, painting and poetry of the Orissa, cymbals), the sitar and the tanpura.
met and observed the performances of the last
There was a movement to classify Odissi as a separate
remaining and reinvented Odissi as a unique classical
classical music system. However it is generally
dance style, adapted to the requirements of formal stage
considered to have been a failure as the general view
presentation. Since then, Odissi has once again regained
was that traditional Odissi singers and musicians have
its lost glory and is now among the most popular
been so influenced by Hindustani concepts that they
classical dance styles.
are unable to present the music in its "original" form.
Style and Theme Costume
Like other Indian classical dance forms, Odissi has two The Saree worn by Odissi dancers are generally colored
major facets: Nritta or non-representational dance, in in contrasting shades of bright oranges, purples, reds or
which ornamental patterns are created using body greens. Local weaves such as the Sambalpuri
movements in space and time; and Abhinaya, or stylized Saree and Bomkai Saree are preferred in Odissi over
mime in which symbolic hand gestures and facial foreign stykes. These sarees are characterized by
expressions are used to interpret a story or theme. features of traditional prints of Odisha, special borders,
intricate designs and a refined embellishment. This The Mukoot consists of two parts the Ghoba and the
costume is draped around the body in unique dhoti-like Tahiya. The flower decorated back piece, called
way unlike in any other classical Indian dance form. the Ghoba, sits around the dancers hair pulled into a
bun at the back of the head. This circular piece
The makeup of an Odissi dancer includes Bindi (red represents the Lotus flower with a thousand petals that
dot) applied on the forehead with a pattern drawn using lies above the head in the head Chakra, or the centre of
sandalwood paste around it. Kajal (black eyeliner) is energy. The longer piece called Tahiya represents the
applied liberally around the eyes to give them an temple spire of Lord Jagannath, or the flute of
elongated impression and make them more expressive. Lord Krishna.
The finger tips, toes, palms and soles of the dancers are
painted with a red dye known as Alta. Tradition
The jewelry worn by Odissi dancers is compulsorily Similar to other classical dance forms, in Odissi too the
made of silver, usually consisting of the intricate pieces Guru Shisya Parampara is prevalent. It takes around
of filigree. This highly skilled art form is more than 500 five to seven years to get fully trained in this style. But
years old in itself, and is traditionally done by Odissi dedicating ones entire life towards perfecting it is not
artisans in Cuttack. Mathami (forehead ornament), uncommon. Famous Odissi dancers of recent years
allaka (head piece on which the tikka hangs), kapa (ear include Guru Kelucharan Mahapatra, Sanjukta
covering in intricate shapes, usually depicting a Panigrahi, Sharmila Biswas, Aloke Kanungo, Rina Jana,
peacocks feathers), ear chain, jhumkas (bell shaped Dona Ganguly and Ileana Citaristi among others.
earrings), choker, and a longer necklace with a hanging
pendant all form part of the costume. The dancers also
wear a pair of armlets called Bajuband on theIR upper
arm, Kankana (bangles) at their wrists and an elaborate
belt at the waist. They also wear a pair of anklets
(numerous bells strung together on a single string) tied
around their ankles.
The crown or Mukoot worn by the Odissi dancer is

made only in the devotional city of Puri in Eastern
Odisha. It is crafted from the dried reeds called
Sola following an ancient tradition called Sola Kama.
The reed is carved by a series of cuts into the rod-like
stem and forms various types of flowers when a string
is tied in the middle of the rod and pulled tight. As the
string is tightened, the flowers shape into Jasmines,
Champa (one of the five flowers of Lord Krishnas
arrows), and Kadamba (the flowers of the tree under
Image 3-48 Costume of an Odissi Dancer
which Radha would wait for her beloved Lord Krishna). Source: Google

3.3.5 Cuisine
Owing to the states location on rich alluvium plains those parts on the South, towards Andhra, are distinct
suitable for paddy cultivation, and its long coast line in their use of tamarind and curry tree leaves. Sweet
watered by a number of rivers crisscrossing across the dishes form an integral part of Odiya cuisine with dahi
region, the main components of Odiya cuisine includes (curd) and chhena (cheese) being used to prepare a
rice and fish. Food is cooked in ghee or mustard oil, number of dishes. Food is served traditionally on
with light spices and show regional variation from the disposable banana or sal leaf leaf platters and eaten with
North of the state to the South. While the Northern the fingers.
portions of Orissa bordering Bengal has a food habit
that incorporates mustard paste and sweeter flavors, Odiya Dishes may be listed as:
Sl No. Type Dish Description

1 Rice Base Pakhala A rice dish, primarily consumed during summer,
is made by adding water to cooked rice and served
with greenchillies, onions, yoghurt, badi etc. It
may or may not be be allowed to ferment
overnight. The fermented version is known as basi
pakhala, while the unfermented version is
called saja pakhala. Dahi pakhala is made with
curd-water instead of plain water.
Khechadi It is a rice dish cooked with lentils.
Pulao The Odiya version of the pilaf, it is a fragrant rice
made with vegetables and dry fruits.
Kanika It is a sweet rice dish, garnished with raisins
and nuts.
Ghee Bhat It is a rice dish, fried with ghee and cinnamon.

2 Lentils Dalma A dish made from lintels and vegetables. It is
generally made from toor dal and contains
chopped vegetables like green papaya, unripe
banana, eggplant, pumpkin, gourd etc. It is
garnished with turmeric, mustard seeds,
and panch phutana. There are several variations
of this dish.
Santula A dish finely chopped vegetables which are
sauteed with garlic, green chillies, mustard and
various spices. It has several variations
Chhatu Rai A dish made from mushrooms and mustard
Alu Potolo Raso Curry made from potato and parval

Kadali Manja Rai A curry made from banana plant stem and
mustard seeds. Manjarefers to the stem which can
also be used in dalma.
3 Sours Dahi Baigana A sour dish made from dahi and egg plants
Khajuri Khatta A sweet and sour dish made from tomato and
dates.
Amba Khatta: A khatta made from raw mangoes.
Ouu Khatta: Elephant apple khatta.
Dhania-Patra Chutney A chutney made from coriander leaves
4 Saaga Saga Bhaja

Kosala Saga Bhaja

Saga Badi
5 Fish and Sea Food Maccha Besara A fish curry prepared with mustard paste.
Machha Mahura A curry prepared with fish and various vegetables.
Machha charchari Small fried fishes.
Machha besara Freshwater fish cooked with spices.
Chungdi malai tarkari A prawn curry
Kankada jhola: Crab curry
Machha chhencheda
Chingudi Chadchadi
Chhinchada
6 Meat Manso tarkari
Kukuda Kasa
Manso Kasa
7 Fritters and Fries Aloo Piaji
Bhindi Baijag Bhaja
8 Snacka Ghugni
Gupchup
9 Deserts Chhena Poda A sweet made from soft cheese dipped in sugar
syrup and baked. It may also contain dry fruits.
Kheeri Kheeri is the Odia word for kheer
Chhena Gaja
Malpua
Kora
Kheera Sagara
Chhena Jilabi
Chhena Jhili
Gulabjamun
Rasabali
Adasi
Khaja
Poda Pitha
Enduri Pitha
Chitau Pitha
Arisa Pitha
Kakara Pitha
Manda Pitha
Parijata Pitha
Nurukhurum Pitha
10. Drinks Bela Pana A sweet, milk based drink made of wood apple
extracts.

Image 3-49: Clockwise from top right - Khaja, Chhenapoda and Dahi Pakhala
Source: mohamushkil.wordpress.com, destinationodisha.com, wikipedia.org

While on the topic of cuisine, it is imperative that the held the Govardhan Mountain above the head of
Mahaprasad be discussed, as it largely influences the humanity to protect them from rain. These items, each
food habit of Odisha, particularly the vegetarian cuisine a delicacy in itself, are supposed to derive their taste
of regions in and around Puri, Bhubaneswar and from the fact that Mahalakshmi, wife of Lord Jagannath
Cuttack. presides over the kitchen herself. Strictest of adherence
is followed regarding the cooking ritual and following
Lord Jagannath is the Lord of Universe and He is Great in of instructions, to ensure that the consistency of taste
all respects: His temple is the Great Templa (Bada Deula), the remains unwavering through generations. On days
road that he travels during the Car festival is the Highway (Bada when the food is not cooked to perfection, a black dog
Danda); the sea is Mahodadhi; His prasad (offering) is is said to appear in the kitchen periphery as a warning
Mahaprasad (Unique and Best food).32 from the Lord. In such cases, all of the items cooked
are disposed of immediately and the entire procedure is
The Mahaprasad, the only one of its kind in the world
repeated from scratch. The 56 food articles, reflecting
and considered most divine than all other prasads, is
the culinary culture of the state and the Vaisnavite food
also known as Chhappanbhog as it is said to consist of
habit, have been enumerated by scholars as follows33
56 food items. As the story goes, these 56 items are
presented to the Lord as a symbolic compensation for
the 8 daily meals that he missed over 7 days, when he
Image 3-50 Mahaprasad

Source: destinationodisha.com
32Culinary Culture in Srimandir by Haripada Satpathy, Cultural Heritae of 33Culinary Culture in Srimandir by Haripada Satpathy,
Odisha Vol XII Shree Jagannatha Special Volume, Puri District Part III, Cultural Heritae of Odisha Vol XII Shree Jagannatha Special
State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smurit Sansad, Bhubaneswar, 2010, Volume, Puri District Part III, State Level Vyasakabi Fakir
721,p.
Mohan Smurit Sansad, Bhubaneswar, 2010, 723,p.
Annabhoga 6. Bada Simhara Bhoga - The last offering to the

1. Abhada Anna 2. Ghee Anna 3. Kanika 4. Khechudi Lord.
5. Dahi Pakhala 6. Mitha Pakhala 7. Ada Pakhala 8. Oria
Pakhala 9. Thali Khechudi However, during the 21 days preceding the Rath Yatra,
the offering of Mahaprasada does not take place the
Mitha Bhoga Lord is said to be taken by high fever during this time.
10. Khaja 11. Gaja 12. Ladu 13. Magaja Ladu 14. Jira Further upon initiation of the Rath Yatra, the earthen
Ladu 15. Jagannath Ballav 16. Khuruma 17. Mitha Puli portion of the entire kitchen is broken down, and built
18. Kakara 19. Marichi Ladu 20. Luna Khuruma anew. During this period, the kitchen and the Ananda
Bazaar are both relocated at the Gundicha Temple.
Pitha
The roshaghara, or the kitchen, of the temple is located
21. Suara Pitha 22. Jhadeineda 23. Jhilli 24. Kanti 25.
within the Meghanad Pacheri, or the boundary wall, in
Amali 26. Chakuli 27. Poori, 28. Keli 29. Bara 30.
the south east corner of the temple precinct and is one
Dahibara 31. Arisha 32. Tripura 33. Rosa Paika
of the largest kitchens in the world serving up to one
Milk Product Offerings lakh devotees per day. It is said that it was built by Shri
Dibyasingha Deb between 1682 and 1713 C.E, as the
34. Khiri 35. Papudi 36. Khua 37. Rasabali 38. Tadia 39. previous kitchen, located behind the Laxmi Narayan
Chhena Khai 40. Papudi Khaja 41. Khua Manda 42. Temple was proving to be too small to handle all the
Sara Puli preparation.
Delicacies and Cuisines Other than this basic information, the rest of the details
regarding the temple kitchen is reconstructed based on
43. Dali 44. Biridali 45. Arhad dali 46. Mung dali 47.
hearsay, as outsider are prohibited in the kitchen. It is
Dalma 48. Mahura 49. Besara 50. Saga 51. Potala Rasa
operated under a code of strict confidentiality that has
42. Goti Baigana 53. Khata 54. Raita 55. Pita 56. Baigini
been handed down through generations to the Suaras,
Lord Jagannath is offered food 6 times a day as: Mahasuaras and Supakars Gods own cooks, who
have been hereditarily connected to the Shree Jagannath
1. Gopala Vallabha Bhoga - The first offering to the Temple service for centuries through the Sevayat
Lord takes place in the morning and serves as his system.
breakfast.
2. Sakala Dhupa - The Sakala Dhupa forms his next At present, there are more than 500 cooks, and 300
offering at about 10 O clock in the morning. This assistants and porters for the carriage of raw materials
generally consists of 13 items including the Enduri in the kitchen. It is estimated that the kitchen covers a
Cake and Mantha Puli. quadrangle of sides 45 metres each, at an elevated level
3. Bhoga Mandapa Bhoga - The next offering of 2 metres above the ground. The number of chulhas
consists of Pakhala with dahi, and Kanji Payasa. or cooking stoves is estimated to be anything between
The offering is made at the Bhog Mandapa, about 150 and 750. Upon these chulhas, earthen pots are
200 feet in front of the Ratna Vedi. This is called stacked up to 9 layers, with the steam from each pot
Chatra Bhog and was introduced by Adi being used to cook the one above. Surplus water from
Shankaracharya in the 8th century to help pilgrims
share the temple food.
4. The Madhyanha Dhupa - This offering to the
Lord is made at noon.
5. Sandhya Dhupa - This offering to the Lord is
made in the evening, at approximately 8 oclock.

the pots, once cooked, is removed by an expert piercing It is said that Mahaprasad consolidates human bond,
of the earthen pots by an iron spoon34. sanctifies sacraments and grooms the departing soul for
its journey to heaven.
Image 3-51: Gopinath Mahapatr, past Supakar at the Shree Jagannath Temple with his
service spoon, one end of which is used to stir the pot and the other-spiked end used to
puncture them to discard excess water. Source: CRCI
Once the food is ready, it is first offered to the

Jagannath Temple and then Maa Bimala Temple. It is
said that on the way from the kitchen to the temple, no
aroma rises from the offering. It is only after the Lord
has partaken of it that its fragrance becomes
perceivable. After it has been blessed, a portion of it is
sent to the families of the temples servitors, and the
rest is sold at Ananda Bazaar a market on the North-
eastern corner of the temple. This Mahaprasad is freely
partaken by people of all castes and creeds without any
discrimination.
34Mapatara, Gopinath. Meeting at Markandeya Jaga,

Personal Interview, 8 Sept.2015.
Image 3-52 Pilgrims eating Mahaprasad on the outer edge of the temple
Image 3-53 Nabakalebara 2015


Chapter Four
Review of Existing
Initiatives
4.1. Review of Master Plan, CDPs,
4.2 Existing Acts and Policies
4.3. Organization Impacting Development of

City and Organizational Structure
4.4. Review of Proposed and Ongoing Projects
Review of Existing Initiatives
4 Review of Existing Initiatives

4.1 Review of Master Plans, CDP, Zonal Plans, Regional Plan
There are three plans that have been drawn, for the city
of Puri:
a. Puri City Development Plan, 2006, under the

JNNURM Scheme, by Puri Municipality,
Department of Housing and Urban Development,
City Managers' Association Orissa.
b. Draft Comprehensive Development Plan, 2031,
prepared by CEPT, Ahmedabad for PKDA, Orissa
c. City Development Plan for Puri, 2041, prepared
by CRISIL for Capacity Building for Urban
Development Initiative by Ministry of Urban
Development, Government of India and the World
Bank.
As discussed in the CLAMC Meeting held at DRDA

Conference Room, Puri, on 4th September 2015, it was
specified that the Draft Comprehensive
Development Plan, 2031 will be notified. The
comparative reviews, with special reference pertaining
to physical, social, institutional, economic, heritage and
tourism infrastructure has been tabulated, and is
attached in this section of the document.

Draft Comprehensive
Serial Puri City Development Plan - City Development Plan for
Developmen Plan - 2031
No. 2006 (PCDP 2006) Puri - 2041 (CDPP 2041)
(DCDP 2031)
1 SUBMITTED TO
Capacity Building for Urban
Puri Konark Development Development under Ministry of
Puri Municipality for JNNURM
Authority Urban Development, Govt. of
India and The World Bank
2 SUBMITTED BY
C.E.P.T. University, Puri Municipality, Housing and
Ahmedabad, in association with Urban Development, City CRISIL
O.R.S.A.C., Bhubaneswar Managers' Association Orissa
3 SUBMITTED ON
2013 2006 2015
4 TABLE OF CONTENT
1. City Development Plan
1. Introduction 1. Project Background
Framework
2. Puri Konark Development
2.Puri City Profile 2. Introduction to the City
Authority Area -- An Overview
3.Heirtage and Culture 3.Temple of Lord Jagannath 3. Demographic Profile
4. Land Use 4. Rath Yatra & the City Life 4. Economic Profile
5. Demographic and Economic 5. Physical Planning and Growth
5. Puri - The Heritage City
Perspective Management
6. City Management and 6. Social and Cultural
6. Housing and Slum
Governance Environment
7. Urban Environment
7. Traffic and Transportation 7. Infrastucture and Services
Infrastructure Services
8. Traffic and Transportation
8. Physical Infrastructure 8. Urban Infrastructure Services
System
9. Urban Poverty and Slum
9. Social Infrastructure 9. Housing and Urban Poverty
Development
10. Baseline Environment:
10. Environment and Disaster
10. Municipal Finance Urban Environment and
Profile
Disaster Management
11. Climate Change and
11. Stakeholders Consultation
Sustainable Development
12. Cultural Resources, Heritage
Vision and Strategic Direction
and Tourism
13. Assessment of Institutions,
13. Project Identification
Systems and Capacities
14. Financial Plan: Investment
14. Financial Assessment
and Estimate

15. Reform Agenda and Timeline 15. SWOT Analysis

16. City Vision, Development
16. Implementation Framework
Goals and Strategies
17. Overview of City
17. Sector Plan, Strategies and
Development Plan & Vision
Investment Plan
2030
18. Financial Operating Plan
19. Review and Monitoring

Framework
5 OBJECTIVE
The Objectives of this Plan has
been enumerated as: (1) To
generate the up-to-date urban
land use map of the area using
revenue maps and recent period
satellite imageries using GIS
technology in 1:2000 scale (2) To
formulate a meaningful physical
development Plan to regulate The main objective of the CDP
and guide the urban growth in was to achieve planned growth
the region by 2031 C.E.in a of the city in the desired
planned and healthy manner as direction and to project Puri as a
The CDP aims to identify an
per the provisions indicated in Global Tourism Business City
integrated solution to the
ODA Act 1982 and ODA rule of Eastern India, guided by a
challenges facing the city. It
1983. This Development Plan shared vision for city's
recognizes the economic growth
focusses on (i) The enhancement development. The CDP makes
strategy as well as the actions
of the role of PKDA Notified basic policy choices and
that would be required by
Area as a recreational and provided a flexible framework
various agencies to ensure the
tourism node. (ii) Ensuring a for adapting to real conditions
sustainable development of the
sustainable pattern of economic over time. The objective have
city. The City Development Plan
development (iii) Conservation been stated as: 1. Preserve and
incorporates the assessment of
of special features -- Forests Conserve Heritage and
city on majorly four levels; Socio
water bodies and heritage Culture 2. Improve Urban
Cultural and Economic
structures (iv) Strengthening Services to facilitate
Environment; Physical
the traditional economic base development of Heritage and
Environment; Infrastructure
(v) Enhancement of quality of promote tourism 3. Improve
Services and Institutions;
living environment in the Environmental Conditions 4.
Urban Poverty and Heritage.
settlements. Improve Conditions of Urban
Poor 5. Image Building of the
City 6. Strengthen Preparedness
for City's Disaster Management
98 | City Hriday Plan -Puri

Draft Comprehensive
Serial Puri City Development Plan - City Development Plan for
Developmen Plan - 2031
No. 2006 (PCDP 2006) Puri - 2041 (CDPP 2041)
(DCDP 2031)
6 RELEVANCE
Puri has been a Hindu centre of
pilgrimage since the middle ages
and has been indisputably
established as one of the most
important pilgrim centres,
particularly for the devotees of
Vishnu. Centred on the temple
and supported by the facts that
Puri has available water
resources, connectivity and
economy, the erstwhile town has
seen a steady increase in
population from 1990 onward.
At present, the city of Puri as
well as Puri district is
economically dependent on
four major industries, three of
which are dependent on
tourism. These industries are
as: temple activity, tourism
and hospitality, handicrafts
and cottage industry, and
fisheries. While the economy
and population of the city
depicts a steady rise and the city
continues to expand towards
Bhubaneswar and Brahmagiri,
especially encouraged by new
proposals regarding physical
infrastructure and institutional
developments, the very nucleus
of the old city remains in need of
revitalization. Dense in
population, unplanned in growth,
haphazard in land use and
characterized by overcrowding,
congestion, lack of sanitation and
community facilities, the city
requires a comprehensive plan
that can address the citys issues
both physical and social, with
an innovative, modern vision
that will be able to address the
complexities of the citys layers
of traditional growth. The CDP
recommends to achieve this
through thorough strategizing in
the sectors of water supply,

sewerage and sanitation, solid

water management, storm
water drainage, traffic and
transportation, urban poverty
and slum improvement, local
economic development, urban
environment, social
infrastructure, and heritage
management that together is
expected to fulfil the vision for
Puri as A vibrant city with
unique heritage and rich
legacy with improved quality
of life.

Apart from the city development plans, Orissa also has parking, medical facility and cable connectivity are also
a Twenty Years Prospective Plan for Tourism for absent in many places. Lack of information also
the State of Orissa, 2002, which has been reviewed impedes the progress of tourism with no existing
and sections relevant for the city of Puri has been knowledge regarding many of Orissas tourist
discussed in this document. destinations and absence of onsite tourist guides
d. Twenty Years Prospective Plan for Tourism for An interesting suggestion that has been made in the
the State of Orissa, 2002, prepared by ORG document is that tourist groups form different target
Marg Research Ltd, New Delhi for the Department audience and have different needs. While the domestic
of Tourism, Government of Orissa. tourist is satisfied with heritage and pilgrimage
experience, a world class travel experience that is sought
This plan identifies the major tourist circuits as well as by international travelers demands a wider range of
the individual tourist attractions and analyses them activities that cover cultural heritage, natural heritage,
purely from the perspective of tourism development. eco-tourism, tribal tourism, handicrafts and domestic
While it contains laudable research, the approach visits in and around gateway sites. At a juncture of time
seemingly isolates tourism development from the when cultural tourism dominates the tourism industry
broader concept of sustainable development of the of Orissa, identification of states ecological diversity as
heritage and areas of historic significance. a potential for increasing the thrust on eco-tourism has
been recommended. The document provides
Objectives of Project:
stakeholder analysis and recommendations to involve
Identification of tourism circuits the local community. Using tourism as an alternative
Identification of individual tourist destinations source of revenue for a population that otherwise
depends upon the exploitation of forest products is a
Evaluation of infrastructure supporting tourism in
move towards ecological sensitivity has been
the identified spots.
recommended.
Relevance of Project:
However, the document leaves much to be desired in
It has been established that tourism infrastructure in the its approach towards Puri. While the identification of
state has several gaps by way of provision of basic Raghurajpur village as a handicraft centre worthy of
amenities which impact tourism development. These tourists attention, and Balighai as a refuge amidst
include approach roads, sanitation, drinking water, nature does diversify tourism by providing an alternate
parking places, sheds, and spots etc. that are in need of area of interest to a predominant structure of cultural
immediate attention from concerned authorities. heritage tourism in the area, the other interests remain
restricted to Bada Danda, Atharnala and
Evaluation and Recommendation: Shankaracharya Math all established tourist
attractions. The fact that the sea beach bordering the
It was deduced through research supporting this plan,
city of Puri, or the many mathas and temples with their
that connectivity was the primary issue in the state. The
unique tangible and intangible heritage practices fail to
only city that is provided with an international airport is
find any mention establishes the negligence towards
Bhubaneswar that too is in need of upgrade. The NH5,
cultural resource and the need for a deeper
forming the central spine of Orissa is also in need of
understanding of cultural heritage and its potential.
reconstruction. Further, even key tourist destinations
(such as Puri) are not accessible from other parts of The Puri-Konark-Bhubaneswar triangle being the
India through primary railheads and have to be reached circuit that draws maximum tourists to Orissa, and the
by secondary routes, some of which are of meter gauge. city of Puri drawing 85% of that population, the city
demands far more attention than what it receives in this
Basic tourist amenities such as sanitation, availability of
document. Its heritage structures (temples, ashrams,
hygienic food, visitor amenities, drinking water,
mathas, tanks, jagagharas, goshalas), natural resources
(Rivers, forest, sea front) require to be assessed and

integrated within a more comprehensive cultural
tourism product development.
As tourism contributes significantly to the citys

economy by accommodating a large number of shops,
restaurants and hotels as well as access to the key sites
of heritage significance, an integrated development of
the Bada Danda should be given attention and a
credible scheme for urban development. The sea and
river fronts need to be better developed as a
recreational space for citizens as well as visitors, which
can contribute to a strategic visitor management
strategy so that the capacity of the city to hold tourists
without compromising quality of experience is
enhanced.
With its wealth of cultural heritage attractions, the city

should also seek to be intellectually more accessible,
through the development of museums, information and
orientation centres and web developments.

Draft Comprehensive
Puri City Development Plan -2006 City Development Plan for Puri
Development Plan - 2031
(PCDP 2006) - 2041 (CDPP 2041)
(DCDP 2031)
Issues Solutions Solutions Issues Solutions
Issues Identified
Identified Proposed Proposed Identified Proposed
1. Physical Infrastructure
1.a. Water Supply

Development of
Chakratirtha surface water
and source and 100%
Baliapanda water supply
sweet water coverage through
zones face piped water
Chakratirtha and
chances of Ensuring that
Baliapanda sweet
contaminatio Lack of water water quality at
water zones face
n of ground Source quality delivery point is
chances of
water as they Augmentation monitoring at in compliance
contamination
are used as source point with WHO
through
parking and standards
encroachment
are Project: Creation
encroached by of additional
slums and water supply
continues to components for
be built over the design year
2021 and 2041.
Water
treatment
system that can
check water
quality is
lacking
Additional
UGR and ESR
not present
Additional
water tankers
needed to
mitigate
demand during
festivals
Compressor
for cleaning
choked narrow
pipes are
required
Water tankers
mount on 3
wheel systems
required to
navigate
narrow lanes
Distribution of
water in Puri
Noncomplianc
city is Inequitable e to minimum
inequitably
distribution per capita
distributed and
water supply
some areas
standards
remain
uncovered
Low level of
service
Low level of
coverage in
service coverage
terms of ratio
of HSC to PTA
Covering
entire PKDA
region, urban
and rural, with
24 hr. water
supply ;
Public
Distribution awareness
network of Puri against misuse
covers 35% of water ;
households , Planning and
whereas it implementatio
should cover at n of water
least 70% and distribution
rest 65% is system based
dependent on on available
public stand sub surface
posts, hand and ground
pumps etc. water sources;
reforms so as
to balance
operation and
maintenance
cost with the
revenue
streams
Absence of
methodology for
withdrawing
water,
conservation and
recharge of
ground water
aquifers and lack
of scientific study

Significant water No check on 24x7 water

loss through leakage at supply and zero
leakage public taps wastage of water
Non metering of
water supply and
Non revenue water
entailed by system
resulting in water
loss
Total revenue
meets only 60%
cost of O&M
Illegal tapping in
distribution mains
Present water
Curbing the over
drawls
drawl of ground
exceeding the
water from the
Lack of control on safe water
sweet water lakes
ground water drawl capacity
and plantation
tapping that can cause
development
ground water
along these
recharge
wetlands
problems
Lack of Rainwater
protection of harvesting to be
groundwater made
mandatory for
all new
schemes,
residential
schemes and
existing
institutional
and
government
buildings
1.b. Sewerage and Sanitation
Lack of Development of
underground appropriate
sewerage mechanism to
system involve the stake
Lack of
resulting in of hoteliers in
underground
overflow in DEWATs Project: Sewerage waste water
sewerage and
rainy season recycling scheme
drainage system
and Development of
degradation of eco sanitation
urban models
atmosphere Project: Creation
Disposal of of additional
Disposal of
household solid sewerage
household wastes
wastes directly infrastructure for
into the drains
into drains design year 2041

Water logging and sanitation

in rainy season High facilities for
due to percentage of immediate
malfunctioning soak pits in the requirement
soak pits city, leading to
causing ground water
unsanitary pollution
conditions
Infiltration of
waste water
from septic
tanks and soak
pits into
ground water
can cause
contamination
Practice of
Poor hygiene and
open High
open defecation
defecation incidences of
causing
directly onto open
environmental
sewers creates defecation
degradation
poor hygiene
Inadequacy and
inaccessible
infrastructure
creates
problem during
festivals
Deterioration
of water quality
in holy tanks
used for
bathing is an
area of concern
Lack of public
toilets for
tourists in peak Gender Need for more
Lack of flush
season leads to sensitive public toilets,
toilets in
open public and particularly for
majority of
defecation and community floating population
slums
degradation of toilets during festival.
urban
environment Project: Social
Functioning of amenities
drains as combined (community toilets,
system of rain and halls etc.)
waste water runoff
Silting and
blockage of drains
Lack of suitable
land identification
for toilets
Lack of large scale
financial assistance
Lack of self help

groups/communiti
es for sustainable
maintenance
Delay in
project
execution of
UGD
coverage and
sewerage
treatment
plants
Lack of strict
regulations on
usage of low
micron plastic,
which is
hazardous to
the
environment
1.c. Drainage
Drains are
choked by Centralized
indiscriminate Sewerage
dumping of System:
solid wastes, design, reuse
building and
materials and management
related refuse
Storm water
drains
functioning as Fencing near the
conveyance Project: storm water
channel for Management Development of drains to curb
untreated of storm water storm water drain disposal of litter
sewage from drains system in the drain
partially laid Project:
interceptor Rehabilitation of
sewer network surface drains
Silted and and storm water
collapsed in management of
some section Musa river
reducing the
effective cross-
section of
drains
Lack of
separately
developed
Master Plan for
storm water
drainage system

Limited
awareness in
the city among
people
generating
excess garbage
1.d. Solid Waste Management
Sanitary
workers
limiting
themselves to
cleaning drains
and sweeping
streets
Project:
Insufficient
Tricycle Implementation
system of door-
mounted of door to door
to-door
collection for collection system
collection
narrower lanes and segregation
system
of waste
Except for
Incomplete
certain
evacuation of
important
garbage heap
streets, not all
along the lanes
streets are
and bylanes
cleaned daily
Lack of
sufficient
Collection dustbins and
Collection
infrastructure is storage
infrastructure is
damaged and capacity,
damaged
not replaced especially
during festive
season
No definite
yardstick
prescribed per
sanitary worker
Waste is Waste is
disposed disposed
indiscriminately Declaration of indiscriminately
Attractive
along streets zero garbage along streets and
dustbins to serve
and water tolerance zone water bodies
as street design
bodies creating along main creating an
elements
an unsanitary roads unsanitary and
and unaesthetic unaesthetic
atmosphere atmosphere
Door-to-door Lack of
Door-to-door
Introduction collection system mechanized Avoiding manual
collection
of source and system of waste handling of
system and
segregation segregation not collection wastes
system of
implemented system
segregation not
implemented
Manpower to be
Inadequate increased under
number of staff the public health
department
High risk bio- No dedicated
hazardous infrastructure
Segregation of
waste generated Bio-medical for biomedical
biomedical waste
from hospitals waste waste
through private
or management collection,
agency
slaughterhouse segregation
s are not treated and disposal
Development of
recycling plants
for macro level
Use of polythene
waste resource
Use of and other
management
polythene and recyclable products
Project:
other recyclable used without
Plastic waste Augmentation of
products used planned disposal
management fleet and
without and weak
compaction
planned enforcement
capacity.
disposal regarding ban of
Development of
the same
transfer stations
with recycling
facility
Compost plant Shifting
not used to its compost
full capacity of facility from
1000T at only Baliapanda,
40T usage per Design of new
day landfill sites
Capacity
building of Capacity of
ULB required municipality is
for effective far less than
solid waste required
management
Reuse of
construction
wastes
Dedicated
No disposal
SWM Plans
Insufficient mechanism for
for slums and Insufficient Project: Solid waste
public building
rural areas, public awareness management
awareness construction
Public
wastes
awareness
regarding need
for cleanliness
in beaches

Burning of
wastes
practices by
some
conservancy
staff
Storage,
Existing transportation
dumping yard and processing
is within city plant capacity to
limits and no be developed in
mechanism for view of both the
leachate city and the
disposal floating
population
Shifting of solid
waste
management
plant from city
Relocation of
limits
the existing
Project:
solid waste
Development of
management
treatment
plant
capacity and
landfill site with
scientific closure
mechanism
Solid waste
management
system to create a
brand image for
Puri Pilgrim City
1.e. Power and Street Lighting
Need for more
generation of
power at
Konark NAC
where demand
is increasing
Insufficient
coverage in
proposed SIZ
area and Puri Provision of
Sadar where better power
many villages coverage
are still out of
supply
coverage
Need for
elimination of
power-cuts to
attract
investments in
tourist and
industrial
sectors
Short fall of
resources for
augmentation
of street
lighting can be
handled
effectively
through PPP
model
Management of
power
consumption
by street
lighting
Need for the
introduction of
energy saving
devices like trip
censor solar
coupled lights
Inequitable Provision of
Inequitable
distribution of street lighting
distribution of
street lights according to
street lights within
within different UDPFI
different areas
areas guidelines
Short fall of
resources to
augment street
lighting
Inadequate
management of
power
consumption by
street lighting
Absence of power
control measures
such as trip
censor solar
coupled lights

1.f. Road, Traffic and Transport
Development of
Bramhagiri
Need for
Loknath and
diversification Project:
beach road
of facilities and Mobility Plan
Lack of linkages;
improvement Proposal
comprehensiv Project:
of linkages Inter Regional
e mobility plan Intracity public
within town and Intra
for the city transportation,
and between Regional
road
other urban Connectivity
Upgradation
centres
and junction
improvement
Need to
Puri Konark
connect Puri
Shuttle Service
and Konark
Puri Konark
through faster
Solar Ferry
transport
Service
mediums
Need to
Puri Bus
segregate the
Rapid
entry routes to
Transport
Puri for tourists
System
and residents
Puri has only
9% land for
transport which
is far below
UDPFI
guideline
Need for width
expansion and
intervention
along the Improvement
NH203 of Roads
connecting Puri
and
Bhubaneswar
Need for
special
interventions in Project: Municipal
Grand Road, Roads
Marine Drive Project: Subways
and Station
Road
Weak traffic
management

Proposed
Parking :
Multilevel
car park at Development of
Jagannath multistoried
Ballav parking at sea
Matha, beach and
Lack of Parking near Jagannath
designated Puri Railway Temple
parking spaces Station, Designated
and on street Parking near parking zones for
parking in busy Gundicha specially abled
areas Bus Stand, people
Multilevel Project: Multi-
car park at level parking
Marine complex on PPP
Drive, basis
Parking near
Chandrabha
ga
Need for
specified off
street parking
Inadequate and
ill managed Bus Stop and
condition o Terminal
terminals and Facilities
bus-stops
Illegal vending
Main arterial
and
roads encroached
encroachment
by hawking
on the streets
Roads being
critical to ensure
economic
development
should be
prioritized
Poor surface
condition and Narrow entry
insufficient roads to the
carriageway in city
streets
Intra city bus
service is in very
rudimentary state
giving rise to high
traffic index for 2
and 3 wheelers
Bypass roads and
circular access
roads are lacking

Street furniture,
signage, street
Provision of
light, signals,
subway for
medians etc. are
smooth
inadequate,
movement of
disorganized and
pedestrians
require better
design
Road overbridged
to segregate
railway lines and
roads are absent
Inadequate
greenery/
landscape along
the road with top
soil exposure
pollutes air
Ring roads
directing traffic
straight from
Atharnala to the
beach are lacking
Tourists and Need for
visitors developing hop
dependent on on hop off bus
para transit service for
service tourists
No regulation
on traffic
charged by
para transit
services
Need for
Lack of
introduction of
dedicated mass
battery driven
transit system
vehicles along
in tourist
beach road and
circuits
Grand Road
Package tourist
activities in
need of
promotion

1.g. Urban Poverty, Housing and Slum
Need for
planned Project: Housing
housing and infrastructure
interventions
Fishermen
communities
living in
dilapidated
kuchha
buildings on
the sea shore
need
upgradation
Need for more
active High Density
participation of Mixed
public housing Residential
institutions Development
85% kuchha, ; Rural Need for
10% semi Settlement development of
pucca and only Reconstructio community
5% pucca n; Plotted toilets under eco
structures to be Development sanitation models
found in the 44 ; Gated in slum area
slums Community Project: New
Lac of tenure Housing ; Low housing
security in the Density development for
informal Residential untenable slums
settlement Craft Villages; and in situ
resulting in Redevelopme development of
little nt strategies of projects
investment to slums and Old identified under
housings Housing RAY
Stock Ward no 21.
Project: Slum Golapka slum,
Development 200 people are
Policy residing, there
is no toilet
Ward no. 13
Lac of adequate
requires
infrastructure
improvement
resulting in
of education,
substandard
health, water,
living
and sanitation
conditions in
for slum
the slums
dwellers
200 HH
residing from
Musa Nai to
Khara Khai
without
shelter, water
facility, toilet
facility or
education
facility.
Below poverty
line and SC
population in
the slum areas
lack basic
facilities like
toilet, water
supply,
drainage and
sewerage
system,
playgrounds
for children
and shelter
homes.
Lack of
interlinkage
between
housing and
livelihood
generation
makes re-
allocation
difficult
2. Social Infrastructure
2.a. Education
Suggestion Project: Schools,
Policies and hospitals to be
Strategies developed as per
Puri Sadar
Regarding requirements.
needs primary,
Institutional Project: Livelihood Creation of
middle and
Arrangement, support programme recreation areas
secondary
Improving to serve Puri
school facilities
Quality of resident
Education and population and
Capacity visitors.
Lack of Building
colleges limits Mobile
higher Education
education Facilities

2.b. Health Care
Puri Sadar has

Suggestion
sub-standard
Policies and
healthcare
Strategies
facilities in
Regarding
overall regional
Community
context
based
Approach,
People are over PPP Model
dependent on and Capacity
government Building.
supplies but Mobile
there are only 2 Healthcare
government Facilities for
healthcare remote areas
facilities in
Konark
2.c. Communication Facilities
Standard of Spatial
communication allocation of Project:
and proposed Upgradation of town
accessibility is community hall
poor facilities
2.d. Newspaper and Magazine
Insufficient Spatial
transport allocation of
results in proposed
decreased
community
access to this
facility in rural facilities
areas
Need for the
enhancement
of coverage
area
2.e. Open Spaces
Lack of organized
green spaces

3. Institutional Infrastructure
Slums located
along the CRZ
and
Land Use Indiscriminate Project: e-
encroachment
Reforms mixing of land use governance
along public
endowment
lands
Capacity Project: Capacity
Building building
Project: Disaster
Lack of good
management
governance
mechanism
Project: Research
and Development
Clash between
religion and
commerce
Lack of urban
design
guidelines for
heritage areas
Precinct
Lack of
identification and
demarcated
development of
precincts in the
urban design
city
guidelines
Lack of
rehabilitation
centres for
cyclone
victims
Improving the
assessment of
holding tax -- all
hoteliers and
residences to be
brought under
the ambit of
holding tax ;
Need for More emphasis
revisiting to be given as far
existing as collecting taxes
holding tax from hoteliers are
concerned ;
Modernization of
accounting
system;
Improved market
complexes, parks,
and collection of
charges from the
improved
infrastructure
Limited
weightage of
the ULB in
delivery of
urban services
Lack of
coordination
between
multiple
parastatal
agencies like
PHEO,
OWSSB,PKD
A, electricity,
Bhubaneswar
Puri Transport
Cell etc.
Building
permission
and plan
approval is
presently given
by PKDA,
Puri
Municipality
has no role in
town planning
Lack of funds
to augment the
Training and
existing
capacity building
manpower in
of Municipal staff
conservancy
department
Puri
municipality is
to take up
maintenance
of drainage
system, Special budgetary
distribution of provisions to be
water through granted to
tankers in municipality to
festival take up sanitation
seasons. But activities in the
ULB is not city
consulted
during the
preparation of
DPRs in these
sectors.

4. Economic Infrastructure
Increasing
population
share creating
crowding in
Puri and
decrease in
rural belts
Decadal
growth trends
indicate highest
growth rate in
periphery of
Puri (Puri
Sadar)
Lack of
sufficient
infrastructure
to support the
urban
migration
Lack of
promotion of
marginal
sectors
Lack of schools
supporting the
increasing
literacy rate
Lack of equal
opportunities
for women
following the
improving sex
ratio
Lack of formal
schooling, job
opportunities
and equitable
growth for the
increasing
concentration
of backward
castes in Puri
Need for
strengthening
of primary
sector activities
through
promotion of
household
activities,

manufacturing
and use of
modern
technology
Need for
strengthening
of handicraft
and handloom
Project: Economic
of the region
Opportunity
through
Complex
technology,
improved
production and
marketing
Unexplored
opportunities
in the tourism
sector that can
be explored
through
specific area
planning, beach
development,
sanctuary
development
etc.
Inadequate
tourist
accommodatio
n as opposed to
demand
Need for
special
tourism
infrastructure
for the
floating
population of
Rath Yatra
Project: Animal
Protection
Animal Husbandry Project:
Slaughterhouse and
Goshala
Development of
market place for
vending zone

Development of
culture university
in line with
Sanskrit
university in Puri
city where Odissi
dance form,
handicrafts like
palm leaf
engraving, patta
chitra painting,
solapith work,
mask making,
wood carving,
applique work
and stone carving
can be taught on
vocational basis.
Development of
universities for
tourist and
hospitality
management
5. Heritage
Identificatio
n and listing Projects:
of important Preservation of Development of
Limitation in heritage Ancient Temples, cultural
monuments Mathas/Monasteri auditorium and
efforts made
museum with
for Renovation es and other Built
thematic laser
conservation of Heritage Heritage shows portraying
of built Structures Projects: Jagannath
heritage and Provision of Preservation of Culture
delineation of adequate ancient sacred Development of
special zones sanitation water bodies marine aquarium
facility in Projects: to enhance the
for tourism existing beach
promotion heritage Preservation of road tourism
and zones community owned Development of
development Regulated jagagharas, sacred heritage gateways
resulting in construction water bodies and and signage at
degradation of building immovable Atharnala,
with heritage Sidhamaharav
of heritage
area, Narendra
value traditional Projects: Heritage
tank, and other
facade and museum inside areas of
architectural Shri Gundicha significance
expression Temple
within Projects:

heritage Upgradation and

zones Development of
the heritage
garden at
Jagannath Ballav
Matha
Projects:
Development of
parikrama around
Jagannath and
Gundicha temple
Projects:
Landscaping
around Heritage
Area
Projects:
Development of
Swargdwar
Projects: Heritage
awareness IEC
Projects: Sea and
riverfront
development
Connecting
heritage
monuments
through
specially
formulated
heritage
route
Limited width
Project:
of heritage Project: Provision
Grand Road
routes and of public toilets near
Revitalizatio
frequent Narrow street heritage sites
n Ineffective
encroachment widths Project: Water
Project: sanitary system
s, particularly Traffic congestion supply
Marine Drive around
on Grand Encroachments Project: Major
Improvemen heritage
Road and Inadequate roads, bridges and
t structures
Marine Drive municipal services flyovers
Project:
Road crating Project: Inner city
Heritage
apathy among Revitalization
Walk
tourists
connecting
12 temples,
11mathas, 2
akhadas and
1 tank
Project:
Parikrama
Marg
connecting
places of
spiritual
significance
Project:
Development of
bicycle lanes and
pedestrian network
Project:
Development of
Encroachment Hawker heritage circuits
and lack of Management Project: Divine
design Improvement discourse
intervention on of Pedestrian convention centre
available Infrastructure Project:
Lack of building
pedestrian Project: Construction of
control and
paths weaken Provision of night shelters for
planning
the scope of Urban Design 10,000 pilgrims
pedestrian sites Guidelines Project: Urban haat
creating and Street and amphitheater
congestion on Furniture Project: Heritage
heritage cores Design gateway and
interpretation centre
Project: Street
furniture, city
beautification
(signage, traffic light,
landscaping, etc.)

Awareness
generation
among
Lack of
residents and
initiative to
tourists Atharnala,
rejuvenate old
about lesser which acts as
heritage
known an entry point
monuments
monuments to the holy city,
such as
within Project: Security is in a very
Atharnala
identified Lack of definition measures in Shri narrow and
Bridge and
zones and of heritage Jagannath Temples lacks urban
waterfront has
heritage and Heritage Places scape, thereby
been a bar to
conservation offering a very
promoting the
and unhygienic
region as an
management view of the
attractive
techniques city.
tourism
Project:
destination
Atharnala
Revitalizatio
n
The five
heritage tanks
within the city
limits and
small temples
having unique
heritage value
like
Inadequate Provision of
Jambeswar,
signage and signage and
Loknath,
street furniture, street
Kapila
especially in furniture Project: Viewing
Lack of Locharam and
heritage centres Project: Tower for foreign
surveillance temples along
result in lack of Signage tourists
the beach have
information Options for
been neglected
and knowledge Heritage
since a long
among tourists. Monuments
time
Lack of
regulations
regarding
signage and
advertisement
in the heritage
zones
Existing SORs
for engineering
works is not
suitable for
heritage
activities.

6. Tourism Infrastructure
In spite of it being Development of

the predominant the city as a
generator of heritage friendly
economy, it is not city
systematically Improvement of
developed public address
Lack of affordable system along the
shelter for pilgrims yatra routes and
tourist areas with
Project:
a central
Development of
operating unit at
bus and truck
Puri.
terminal
Tourism Development of
Project:
Development water based
Development of
interventions recreational/tour
parking lots
at Shamukha, ist activity in the
Project:
Ramchandi, backwaters of
Development of
Chandrabhaga Puri
heritage (urban)
Beach Front, Thematic
villages
Special backwater tourist
Project: Beach
Tourism Zone activities like
cleaning
in Konark, house boats and
Limitation in mechanism
Nuanai thematic
efforts made Project: Tourism
Riverfront, restaurants
for delineation information centre
Eco Village in Boating activity
of special zones Project: Eco
Konark NAC for tourists
for tourism friendly tourism
Area, Sea Link Need for
promotion and vehicle
in PKDA development of
development Lack of viewing Project: capacity
region strict 'Do's and
tower for non- building and
Project: 'Don't's for all
Hindus database
Shamukha visitors
development
Beach Penalizing
information
Development tourists and
system
Project: visitors for
Project: Water
Tourism unauthorized
sports and
Village at activities
maritime
Baleshwar Helipad for
aquarium and
Temple foreign tourists
museum
Implantation of
Project:
coral reefs on
International
Puri beach for
convention centre
tourism
promotion

7. Other
Air Pollution
Regular
High S.P.M
monitoring
content at the
required for the
temple singhadwar
2 main sources
during months
of pollution:
preceding rathyatra
increasing
owing to
vehicular traffic
carpentering
and increase in
activities
tourist inflow
SPM is high
and beyond
permissible
limit at
Maushima
and Bada
Danda owing
to vehicular
traffic
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution
limit is
exceeded
during
RathYatra and
need to be
monitored for
safety of
tourists and
residents
Water Pollution
PH level of
water is
abnormally
high, especially
during festivals
Turbidity of
water is also
higher than
permissible
limit due to
usage as
washing,
cleaning area,
particularly by
floating
population in
the festive
season
High sodium
content
Iron content
beyond
permissible
limit for
shallow tube
wells
Haphazard
development,
especially in
wetlands
Water tanks are in
poor condition
owing to lack of
defined inlet and
outlet, solid waste
disposal in them,
silting, lack of
fencing, lack of
recirculation and
treatment and
illumination
Coastal Degradation
Degrading
coastal
plantation
increasing the Plantation
risk of sea level activity along the
rise sea coast, water
Destruction of fields and
estuarine backwaters
habitats Establishment of
Dilapidation parks in the city
of mangrove with toilet
cover facilities.
Integrated coastal
Coastal erosion
zone
Urban management plan
congestion development
due to with projects
inadequate along Puri coast
management
of
transportation

Risk of salt
water intrusion
in the sweet
water owing to
locational
factors
Insufficient
storm water
management
contributing
to the
increased
vulnerability
to flooding
High
dependency of
populace on
the sea and
associated
activities
Unplanned
development
Flouting of CRZ Stricter enforcement
Issues plaguing
beaches include
lack of public
conveniences,
technological
deficiency required
for cleaning,
concentration of
tourists in a few
points, storm water
discharge at points
such as
Bankimuhan and
the location of
fishermen
communities in
close proximity to
the sea without
proper
infrastructure,
thereby polluting
the beach

Disaster Mitigation
Number of
deaths are high
in areas
affected by
Project: Green
super cyclones Project:
infrastructure
due to non- Disaster City doesnt have a
Project:
availability of Management disaster
Environmental
safe shelters in Plan for management plan
monitoring
coastal villages PKDA
infrastructure
that can
withstand the
intensity of
wind
It is prone to
natural disasters
It does not have
systems to
safeguard sea
beach areas and
nor used any
programmes
There is a need of
disaster
management
centre with
database etc.
District
administration
used to be state
agency for
management of
disaster in Puri
town

4.2 Existing Acts and Policies of Central and State Government applicable to
the city
The existing laws which impact heritage protection, conservation and development of heritage precincts and individual
sites of significance have been examined. This was necessary to encapsulate the shared objective of several departments
of the government on matters related to both natural and cultural heritage. For a successful implementation of City
HRIDAY plan and sustainable management of the resource and continued operation and maintenance it has been
considered important to identify the line agencies whose mandate is protect, conserve and undertake development of
these resources. The city managers would require close interaction with these organizations for the implementation of
the city HRIDAY plan
4.2.1 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and
Validation) Act, 2010 (Amendment Act 10 of 2010)
The AMASR Act of 2010 was brought about primarily consider and intimate impact of such construction
to regulate activities around protected monuments and (including the impact of large scale development
sites of national importance as per the 1958 Act as a project, public project and project essential to the
consequence of increase in pressures of habitation, public) having regard to the heritage bye-laws relating
especially in urban area, whereby protected monuments to the concerned protected monument or protected
and protected sites were getting hemmed in from all area within a period of two months from the date of
sides, detracting from the aesthetics of the monument receipt of such application and thereafter, the
and sites. Competent Authority grants or refuses the same as per
the recommendation made by the NMA.
Sections 20A to Section 20E of the 1958 Act
introduced vide 2010 Amendment Act deal with: The NMA has been set up and is functional. However,
the heritage bye-laws are under preparation by Indian
i. prohibited area, which begins at the limit of the National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
protected area/protected monument; And (INTACH) as per the provisions of Section 20E of
ii. Regulated area which begins at the limit of the the 1958 Act (also introduced vide the Amendment
protected area in respect of every protected monument
Act, 2010) and they would be bound on the internally
and protected area.
accepted norms regarding heritage conservation and
Thus, there appears to be no section or sub-section HIA.
dealing with construction activities within the limit of a
At present, the heritage bye-laws for the protected site
protected area or a protected monument, as the case are yet to be formulated and/ or notified. It is pertinent
may be. to note here that as per the Statement of Objects and
Section 20C of the 1958 Act also introduced vide the Reasons of the Amendment Act 10 of 2010, until the
Amendment Act, 2010 provides for making heritage bye-laws are notified, the Act confers the
applications to the Competent Authority (prescribed by power on NMA to consider the impact of large scale
Section 2(d and b) of the 1958 Act introduced vide the development projects which may be proposed in the
Amendment Act, 2010) to carry out repair, renovation regulated areas and make recommendations to the
or reconstruction within the prohibited area or competent authority for grant of permission.
regulated area, which application is first forwarded to
the National Monument Authority (NMA) to
The relevant clause is extracted herein below which

reads as under- 4.
(c) that until the heritage bye laws are notified, no permission for
repair or renovation or construction or reconstruction will be
considered, except in exceptional cases only with the approval of
the National Monument Authority;
(d) for constitution of the National Monument Authority to inter

alia, grade and classify monument; oversee the working of
competent authority; suggest measures for implementation of the
provisions of the Act; consider the impact of large scale
developmental projects, which may be proposed in the regulated
areas and make recommendations to the competent authority for
grant of permission.

4.2.2 Orissa Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1956
This Act, here forth referred to as the 1956 Act was 5. When the Commissioner has accepted the guardianship of a
provided for the preservation of ancient monuments monument under sub-section (3) the provisions of the Act
relating to agreements executed under section 5 shall apply to
and control over excavation and protection of the written instrument executed under the said sub-section.
acquisition in cases of ancient monuments and objects 6. Where a protected monument is without an owner, the
of archaeological, historical or artistic interest in the Commissioner may assume the guardianship of the
state of Orissa. monument.
Power of the State Government Section 5 of the Act describes matters related to
Preservation of Monuments
The power of the State Government as delineated by
the 1956 Act and are relevant to the project are 1. The Collector may with the previous sanction of the State
enumerated as followed for rapid reference: Government propose to the owner to enter into an agreement
with the State Government for the preservation of any
Section 3 of the acts elaborates about the Protected protected monument in his jurisdiction.
2. An agreement under this section may provide for the following
Monuments matters, or for such of them as it may be found expedient to
include in the agreement :-
1. The State Government may by notification declare an ancient a. The maintenance of the monument.
monument to be a protected monument within the meaning of b. The custody of the monument, and the duties of any
the Act. person who may be employed to watch it;
2. A copy of every notification published under sub-section (1) c. The restriction of the owners right to destroy, remove,
shall be fixed up in a conspicuous place on or near the alter or deface the monument or to build on or near the
monument, together with an intimation that any objections to site of the monument;
the issue of the notification received by the State Government d. The facilities of access to be permitted to the public or to
within one month from the date when it is so fixed up will be any portion of the public and to persons deputed by the
taken into consideration. Protected Monuments owner or the Collector to inspect or maintain the
3. On the expiry of the said period of one month the State monument.
Government after considering the objection if any shall e. The notice to be given to the State Government through
confirm or withdraw the notification. the Collector, in case the land on which the monument
4. A notification published under this section shall unless and is situated is offered for sale by the owner, and the right
until it is withdrawn, be conclusive evidence of the fact that to be reserved to State Government to purchase such
the monument to which it relates is an ancient monument land, or nay specified portion of such land, at its
within the meaning of this Act. market-value;
f. The payment of any expenses incurred by the owner or
Acquisition of Rights in or Guardianship of an by the State Government in connection with the
preservation of the monument.
Ancient Monument is explained Under Section 4 the g. The proprietary or other rights which are to vest in the
act and is mentioned as under: State Government in respect of the monument when any
expenses are incurred by the State Government in
1. The Collector, may with the sanction of the State connection with the preservation of the monument;
Government, purchase or take a lease of any protected h. The appointment of an authority to decide any dispute
monument. arising out of the agreement ;
2. The Collector, with the like sanction, may accept a gift or i. Any matter connected with the preservation of the
bequest of any protected monument. monument which is a proper subject of agreement
3. The owner of any protected monument may by written between the owner and the State Government.
instrument, constitute the Commissioner the guardian of the
monument and the Commissioner may with the sanction of 3. The terms of an agreement under this section may be altered
the State Government accept such guardianship. form time to time with the section of the State Government
4. When the Commissioner has accepted the guardianship of a and with the consent of the owner
monument under sub section (3) the owner shall, except as 4. With the previous sanction of the State Government the
expressly provided in this Act, have the same estate right, title Collector may terminate an agreement under this section on
and interest in and to the monument as if the Commissioner giving six months notice in writing to the owner.
had not been constituted guardian thereof .

5. The owner may terminate an agreement under this section on

giving six months notice to the State Government thorough 1. If any owner or other person competent to enter into an
the Collector. agreement under section 5 for the preservation of a protected
6. An agreement under this section shall be binding on any monument, refuses or fails to enter into such an agreement
person claiming to be owner of the monument to which it when proposed to him by the Collector, and if any endowment
relates, through or under a party by whom or on whose behalf has been created for the purpose of keeping such monument in
the agreement was executed. repair, or for the purpose among others, the Collector may
7. Any right acquired by the State Government in respect of institute a suit in the count of the District Judge, or if the
expenses incurred in protecting or preserving a monument estimated cost of repairing the monument does not exceed one
shall not be affected by the termination of an agreement under thousand rupees, may make an application to the District
this section. Judge for the proper application of such endowment or part
thereof
Under Section 6 Owners under Disability or not in 2. On the hearing of an application under sub-section (1), the
Possession District Judge may summon and examine the owner and any
person whose evidence appears to him necessary, and may pass
an order for the proper application of the endowment or of any
1. If the owner is unable, by reason of infancy or other disability, part thereof, and any such order may be executed as if it were
to act for himself, the person legally competent to act on his the decree of a Civil Court.
behalf may exercise the powers conferred upon an owner by
section. 5.
2. In the case of village property, the headman or other village
officer exercising powers of management over such property Compulsory Purchase of Ancient Monuments is
may exercise the powers conferred upon an owner by section describe as follows in Section 10
5. Owners under disability or not in possession
3. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to empower any 1. If the State Government apprehend that a protected
person not being of the same religion as the persons on whose monument is in danger of being destroyed, injured or allowed
behalf he is acting to make or execute an agreement relating to fall into decay, they may acquire it under the provisions of
to a protected monument which or any part of which is the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 as if preservation of a
periodically used for the religious worship or observances of protected monument were a public purpose within the
that religion. meaning of that Act.
2. The powers of compulsory purchase conferred by sub-section
Endowment of Agreement is explained under (1) shall not be exercised in the case of
Section 7 in the act and proceeds as
a) any monument which or any part of which is
1. If the Collector apprehends that the owner or occupier of a periodically used for religious observances
monument intends to destroy, remove, alter, deface or imperial b) any monument which is the subject of a subsisting
the monument or the build on or near the site thereof in agreement executed under section 5.
contravention of the terms of an agreement for its preservation
under section. 5 the Collector may make an order prohibiting 3. In any case other than the cases referred to in sub-section (2)
any such contravention of the agreement. the said powers of compulsory purchase shall not be exercised
2. If any owner or other person who is bound by an agreement unless the owner or other person competent to enter into an
for the preservation or maintenance of a monument under agreement under section 5 has filed, within such reasonable
section 5 refuses to do any act which is in the opinion of the period as the Collector may fix in this behalf, to enter into an
Collector, necessary to such preservation or maintenance, or agreement proposed to him under the said section or has
neglects to do any such act within such reasonable time as may terminated or given notice of his intention to terminate such
be fixed by the Collector, the Collector may authorize any an agreement.
person to do any such act, and the expense of doing any such
act or such portion of the expense as the owner may be liable
to pay under the agreement may be recovered from the owner
as if it were an arrear of land revenue. According to Section 11 Maintenance of Certain
3. A person aggrieved by an order made under this section may Protected Monuments should be executed as
appeal to the Commissioner, who may cancel or modify it and
whose decision shall be final.
1. The Commissioner shall maintain every monument in respect
of which the Government have acquired any of the rights
mentioned in section 4 or which the Government have
Application of Endowment to Repair of an Ancient acquired under section 10.
Monument is explained as follows in Section 9 2. When the Commissioner has accepted the guardianship of a
monument under section 4, he shall, for the purpose of
maintaining such monument, have access to the monument at

all reasonable times, by himself and by his agents, a) Prescribing the authorities by whom licences to excavate
subordinates and workmen, for the purpose of inspecting the for archaeological purposes in a protected area may be
monument, and for the purpose of bringing such material and granted;
doing such acts as he may consider necessary or desirable for b) Regulating the conditions on which such licences may be
the maintenance thereof. granted, the form of such licenses, and the taking of
security from licensees;
The Rights of Access to certain Protected c) Generally to carry out the purposes of section 19.
Monuments have been prescribed under Section 15
as follows 2. The power to make rules given by this section is subject to the
condition of the rules being made after previous publication.
1. Subject to such rules as may after previous publication, be
made by the State Government, the public shall have a right 3. Such rules may be general for all protected areas for the time
of access to any monument maintained by the state
being, or may be special for any particular protected area or
Government under this Act.
2. In making any rule under sub section (1) the State areas.
Government may provide that a breach of it shall be
punishable with fine which may extend to twenty rupees. 3. Such rules may provide that any person committing a breach
or of any condition of a licence shall be punishable with fine
which may extend to five thousand rupees and may further
The Section 9 explains the Power of State provide that where the breach has been by the agent or servant
of a licensee himself shall be punishable.
Government to Notify areas as Protected as
Under Section 22 Power to Acquire a Protected
3. If the State Government are of opinion that excavation for Area
archaeological purposes in any area should be restricted and
regulated in the interests of archaeological research, the State If the State Government of opinion that a protected area contains
Government may, by notification specifying the boundaries of an ancient monument or such other objects of archaeological
the area, declare it to be a protected area. historical or artistic interest are also of national interest and value,
4. From the date of such notification all objects of archaeological, they may acquire such, area or any part thereof under the
historical or artistic interest buried in the protected area shall provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, as 1 of 1894 for
be the property of the Government and shall be deemed to be public purpose.
in the possession of the Government and shall remain the
property and in the possession of the Government until
ownership thereof is transferred; but in all other respects, the
right of any owner or occupier of land in such areas shall be The Laws of Orissa regarding archeology should include
affected. amendments to augment the security of monument in the state
that remain to be protected by A.S.I or state archeology, even
though they come under the definition of heritage.
As per Section 20 Power to Entrance upon and
Make Excavation in a Protected Area
1. Any officer of the Archaeological Department or any person

holding a license under section 21 may with the written
permission of the Collector, enter upon and make excavations
in any protected area.
2. Where in the exercise of the power conferred by sub-section
(1) the rights of any person are infringed by the occupation or
disturbance of the surface of any land, the State Government
shall pay to that person compensation for the infringement.
The Power of State Government to make Rules,

Regulating Archaeological Excavation in
Protected Areas as prescribed under Section 21
1. The State Government may make rules

4.2.3 Orissa Hindu Religious Endowment Act
The act is named as the Orissa Hindu Religious each institution which is verified by the trustee of the
Endowment Act 1969 which after amendment is institution. It contains following information:
known as the Orissa Hindu Religious Endowments
i. Names of past and present trustees particular as to the custom or
(Amendment) Act, 2003. It extends to the whole state
the direction of the founder.
of Orissa and is applicable to all the Hindu public
ii. particulars of all endowments of the institution and all title deeds
religious institutions and endowments other than the and other documents including the properties standing in the names
institutions and endowment governed by Shri of the trustees relating there to;
Jagannatha Temple Act 1955. iii. particulars of the scheme of administration and of the scale of
expenditure;
The Act was provided for the better administration and iv. the names of all offices to which any salary, emoluments or
governance of Hindu religious institutions and perquisite is attached and the nature, time and conditions of service
endowments in the State of Orissa. It applies to all in each case
Hindu public religious institutions (including Jain, v. the jewels, gold, silver, precious stones, all vessels and utensils and
Buddhist, Sikh) and endowments other that the other movables belonging to the institution with their ,estimated
institutions and endowments governed by Shri value;
Jagannatha Temple Act 1955 i.e. properties recorded in vi. Particulars of. the idols and other images in or connected with the
the name of Lord Jagannatha which are held by any institution, whether intended for worship or for being carried in
processions;
matha or other religious institutions.
vii. such other particulars as may be required by the, Board.
Under the act, the Orissa Hindu Religious Endowment
However the act does not specify preparation of an
Board is formed by the State government. Under this
account for the nitis and sebayats of the mathas and their
act Listed Institutions have been classified as the
association with the Jagannatha Temple.
religious institutions prepared by the Board or by the
Commissioner appointed under the Endowment Act It shall be lawful for the Board to create a fund called
1951. the Orissa Hindu Religious Endowments Common,-
Good Fund (hereinafter referred to as, the Common
It defines the Matha as an institutions for the
Good Fund) out of the contributions voluntarily made
promotion of Hindu religion presided over by a person
by-
whose duty is to engage himself in the spiritual service
or which exercises or claims to exercise spiritual i. any individual or association of persons;
headship over a body of disciples and succession to ii. any religious institution;
whose office devolves in accordance with the directions iii. any local authority;
of the founder of the institutions or is regulated by iv. any other body or institution
custom and include places of religious worship other
Common Good Fund are administered by the Board
that a temple and also places of instruction or
according to the specified rules and instructions which
maintenance of Vidyarthees or places for rendering
may be issued by the State Government from time. As
charitable or religious services in general which are or
per the provisions in the act under section 71(1) this
may be appurtenant to such institutions.
fund can be utilized for:
The act defines the listed institutions as religious
i. making grants and advancing loans to such religious institutions
institution which has been included in the list of as may be in need of financial assistance;
religious institutions prepared by the Board or by the ii. the repair and renovation of ancient temples and shrines and the
commissioner. Under section 22(1), it is specified that a establishment of new ones;
list of institutions is to be prepared and a register for
iii. the establishment of educational institutions for imparting

instructions on religion ; and
iv. charitable purposes : 4.2.4 Shri Jagannatha Temple Act
This act is also known as Shri Jagannatha Temple Act,
The board also has power to borrow money from the
1955 and has been described in 5 parts explaining the
State Government for above mentions purposes.
preliminary information, the committee, the chief
Under Section 86(1) the State Government can make administrator and establishment, budgets accounts and
rules to carry out all or any purpose for this act which audit and general information of funds and regulations.
may provide for all or any of the following matters:
Under section 5 of the act a Managing Committee
(h) The custody and investment of the funds of religious institutions; known as Shri Jagannatha Temple Managing
(l) The preservation, maintenance, management and Committee is constituted by the State Government
improvement of the properties and buildings of which has rights and privileges as per section 33 of the
religious institutions; act and consists of 18 members which are mentioned
(n) The preservation of the images in temples below.
(o) The methods, by which religious institutions should
promote the interest of such institution The Chief Administrator of the Committee prepares a
(s) The custody, investment and utilization of the Endowment Fund and
panel of names for the category of members to be
the Common Good Fund
elected by the State Government. Any non-Hindu is
not eligible for membership, thus any officer who is a
non-Hindu and is designated to hold the post in
While the Department is empowered to undertake
Management Committee will be substituted by a Hindu
preservation of buildings of historic significance,
officer of equivalent rank. The appointment of the
the organizational structure to carry out all its
member is notified in Orissa Gazette.
objectives and functions requires careful
consideration especially in the area of heritage The Management Committee can co-opt members not
conservation with possible linkages with other exceeding 4 in numbers which are not part of the
departments of the government, primarily, the management committee. The co-opted members do
Department of Culture. not have any voting rights.
Section 7, 8 and 8 A of the act describes following:
i. the appointment of chairman during the minority or disability

of the Raja of Puri ,
ii. rights and privileges of the Raja of Puri in respect of the
Gajapati Maharaj Seva not to be affected
iii. Claims by the Raja of Puri
Section 10 explains that the State Government has

power to remove or suspend any member of the
committee other than that the Chairman and the ex-
officio members. The decision of State government is
considered final and cannot be questioned in any Court
of Law.
Under Section 11 and sub section (1) (2) and (3), State
Government has been given power to dissolve the
Committee by notification after communicating to the
Committee and reconstitute a new Management
Committee within a period of six months from the date
of dissolution if the Committee is not performing duties not less than 6 times during a calendar year in two
as per the Act or exceeds or abuses its power. Until the months maximum. Special meetings can be conducted
constitution of new Committee, the State government for urgent matters by the Chief Administrator. All the
can appoint a person in active service to perform the records and maintenance of the minutes are
functions and exercise the powers. responsibility of Secretary of the Committee. All the
reporting of the meeting are also submitted to State
Government.
Chairman -Raja of Puri , Gajapati Maharaj Section 14 of the act is for allowance to members of the
Committee.
Working Chairman , Additional Chief Secretary , ex Under Section 15, duties of the Committee is defined
officio member
which is mentioned as under:
Shri Jagannatha Temple Managing Committee
a. To arrange for the proper performance of seva- puja and

Secretary ,Chief Administrator , ex officio member periodic nitis of the temple in accordance with the Record of
Rights.
b. To provide facilities for the proper performance of worship by
the pilgrims
Collector of District of Puri, ex officio member
c. To ensure safe custody of funds, valuable securities, jewelleries
and for the preservation of the properties vested in temple.
d. To ensure maintenance of order and discipline and proper
In charge of Shri Jagannatha Temple
Administration, hygienic conditions in the temple and of proper standard of
cleanliness and purity in the offerings made therein.
Additional Secretary Law Department
e. To ensure funds of the specific and religious endowments are
spent according to the wishes, so, far as may be known, of the
donors.
Suprintendent of Police , Puri ,Ex officio member
f. To make provision for the payment of suitable emoluments to
its salaried staff.
g. To arrange for the preparation of a list of
Suprintendent Archaeologist,
immovable properties endowed to Lord
Archaeological Survey of India, Bhubaneshwar Jagannatha and of trusts created for offering
Circle, ex- officio member
Bhog or for the performance of any seva in the
temple.
Mukti mandap member appointed by the State h. To prepare and implement with the prior approval if the State
Government Government any remunerative scheme for cashew nut,
plantation, casurina plantation , horticulture, dairy farming,
5 Members
establishment of retail shops for sale of commodities inside the
temple or any other commercial undertaking in order to
persons nominated by the State Government from
among the sevaks of the temple augment the resources and income of the temple.
i. To take steps for resumption of any building or room situated
within the premises of the Temple from any person if he has
1 person nominated by State Govt. ceased to render the services for the performance of which such
representing the Matha and other institutions connected
with the seva- pujas or nitis of the temple buildings or room was allotted to him or if service has become
or any Hindu religious spiritual organization obsolete; and
j. To do all such things as may be incidental and conducive to
3 persons ( one of whom shall be Chartered
the efficient management of the affairs of the Temple and its
Accountant ) and does not belong to the Sevaks of endowments or to the convenience of the pilgrims.
temple or matha or any hindu religious spiritual k.
organization
The Temple Management Committee can constitute
sub committees for aid and advice on the matters
Section 13 of the Act explains the time and place for
related to finance, nitis, Ratna Bhandar and any other
the meeting of the Committee. As per the sub section
(1- a) it is established that the Committee should meet

subject. 1 The Working Chairman of the committee c. all fines and penalties imposed under this Act;
ensure the implementation of resolutions passed by the d. all recoveries under this Act;
e. any other gifts or contributions made by the public, local
Committee through Chief Administrator. He also authorities or institutions
ensure co-ordination between Temple Administration
an, District Administration and State Government in The Temple Fund is utilized for following activities of
administration of Temple affairs.2 the temple under Section 28(2):
Section 16 A explains the process of removal of a. Maintenance (including repairs and

encroachment of temple land as per the provision of reconstruction), management and
Orissa Prevention of Land Encroachment Act 1972. administration of the Temple and its
properties;
Under Section 17 the limitation of the Committee to b. Training of Sevaks to perform the religious worship and
ceremonies in the Temple
borrow money is explained and in Section 18 the
c. Medical relief, water supply and other sanitary arrangements
submission of Annual Administration Report of the for the worshippers and the pilgrims and construction of
temple to State Government. buildings for their accommodation
d. culture and propagation of the tenets and philosophy
Section 19 explains the appointment of Chief associated with Temple of Shri Jagannatha
Administrator and officers to assist him on several e. any other work or undertaking for the purposes of the Temple
authorized by the State Government, so long as such
matters related to development, niti, security, revenue, authorization subsists; and with the previous sanction of the
and finance. State Government, for the establishment and maintenance of
or the making of any grant or contribution to any leper
asylum, poor home, orphanage or similar other institutions.
Chief Adminstrator
The Foundation Fund is administered by the

District Collector Puri Foundation Fund Committee which consists of
following member as stated in Section 28 C(5).
Adminstrator Admistrator Admistrator
Development Niti Security Chief Minister Chairman
Section 25 explains the budget preparation by Chief Law Minister

Administrator of the Committee which is sanctioned by Vice- Chairman
the State Government after Management Committee
approves it. Audit of expenses are carried out every year Secretary District Secretary -
Secretary
by an auditor appointed by State Government. Collector, Chief Admin
Law Finance
Puri of temple
There are two Funds constituted by the Committee for
the temple namely Shri Jagannatha Temple Fund and
Shri Jagannatha Foundation Fund under Section
28(1) and 28 C (1). The act empowers Temple administration to carry out conservation
and maintenance of the building through Temple fund along with
The Shri Jagannatha Temple Fund consists of: preparation of listing of the tangible and intangible properties
endowed under name of Lord Jagannatha.
a. the income derived from the movable and immovable
properties of the Temple;
b. any contributions by the State Government either by way of
grant or byway of loan;
1 Section 15 , sub-section (1) and (2) 2 Section 15- AA subsection (a) and (b)
4.2.5 Coastal Regulation Zone

November, 1989 and GSR 1037(E) dated 5th December,
1989;
Under Clause (d) of sub-rule (3) of Rule 5 of the
Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, Government of (iii) setting up and expansion of fish processing units including
India has declared the coastal stretches of seas, bays, warehousing (excluding hatchery and natural fish drying in
estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are permitted areas);
influenced by the tidal action (in the landward side) up
to 500mtrs from High Tide Line3 (HTL) and the land (iv) setting up and expansion of units/mechanism for disposal of
between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the HTL as waste and effluents, except facilities required for discharging
Costal Regulation Zone. treated effluents into the water course with approval under the
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; and
The distance from the High Tide Line shall apply to except for storm water drains;
both sides in the case of rivers, creeks and back waters
and may be modified on a case by case basis for reasons (v) Discharge of untreated wastes and effluents from industries,
to be recorded while preparing the Coastal Zone cities or towns and other human settlements. Schemes shall be
Management Plans. However, this distance shall not be implemented by the concerned authorities for phasing out the
less than 50* (*this provision has been struck down by existing practices, if any, within a reasonable time period not
the Supreme Court) 100 metres or the width of the exceeding three years from the date of this notification;
creek, river or backwater whichever is less.
(vi) dumping of city or town waste for the purposes of land filling
The act defines Coastal Regulation zone as the or otherwise; the existing practice, if any, shall be phased out
boundary from the high tide line up to 500 mtrs in the within a reasonable time not exceeding 3 years from the date of
land ward side. Area between the low tide line and high this Notification;
tide line. In the case of rivers, creeks and backwaters,
(vii) Dumping of ash or any wastes from thermal power stations;
the distance from the high tide level shall apply to both
sides and this distance shall not be less than 100 meters (viii) land reclamation, funding or disturbing the natural course
or the width of the creek, river or backwater whichever of sea water with similar obstructions, except those required for
less is. control of coastal erosion and maintenance or clearing of
waterways, channels and ports and for prevention of sandbars and
The following activities are declared as prohibited
also except for tidal regulators, storm water drains and structures
within the Coastal Regulation Zone namely:
for prevention of salinity ingress and for sweet water recharge;
(i) setting up of new industries and expansion of existing
(ix) mining of sand, rocks and other substrata materials, except
industries, except those directly related to water front or directly
those rare minerals not available outside the CRZ areas;
needing foreshore facilities;
(x) harvesting or drawl of ground water and construction of
(ii) Manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous
mechanisms therefore within 200 m of HTL; in the 200 m to
substances as specified in the Notifications of the Government of
500 m zone it shall be permitted only when done manually
India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests No. S.O.
through ordinary wells for drinking, horticulture, agriculture and
594(E) dated 28th July 1989, S.O. 966(E) dated 27th
fisheries;
3 High Tide line means the line on the land up to which the highest water
line reaches during the spring tide.

(xi) Construction activities in ecologically sensitive areas as 4.2.6 Orissa Irrigation Act 1959
specified in Annexure-I of this Notification;
(xii) any construction activity between the LTL and HTL except The section 4 (6) of the act defines Government water
facilities for carrying treated effluents and waste water discharges source as any water source created naturally or otherwise by
into the sea, facilities for carrying sea water for cooling purposes, collection or deposit of water at a fixed place, any sub-soil water
oil, gas and similar pipelines and facilities essential for activities or water in a state of running such as rivers, nalas, springs,
permitted under this Notification; and streams and the alike, which is other than an irrigation work and
is the property of the Government.
(xiii) Dressing or altering of sand dunes, hills natural features
including landscape charges for beautification, recreational and In section 4(17) it further defines Water course as any
other such purpose, except as permissible under the Notification. channel or pipe not maintained at the cost of the State Government
which is supplied with water from an irrigation work and includes
The Coastal regulation zone has been classified into
all subsidiary works connected with any such channel or pipe,
four segments based on the ecological sensitivity of the
except the sluice or outlet through which water is supplied from an
coastal area and the existing situation area .The coastal
irrigation work to such channel or pipe.
stretch of municipal limits of Puri falls under CRZ II
which is explained in the act as: Based on Section 7 of the act the State Government
has the power to prohibit obstructions of any river,
Area that have already been developed up to or close to the
spring, stream, irrigation work or drainage work
shoreline. For this purpose, developed area is referred to as area
and can order to remove formation of any such
within the municipal limits or other legally designated urban areas
obstructions which may cause damage to any land
which is already substantially build up and which has been
or to public health or public convenience.
provided with drainage and approach roads and other
infrastructure facilities such as water supply and sewerage lines.
The Collector of the district or any irrigation officer has
power to issue order to the person causing or having
Under the act the Regulations for CRZ II are as under:
control over any such obstruction to remove or modify
a. Buildings shall be permitted neither on the seaward side of the it within a fixed time frame under the Section 8(1) of
existing road (or roads proposed in the approved Coastal Zone
the act. Failing to the compliance of the issued order,
Plane of the area) nor on the seaward side of the existing and
proposed road. Existing authorized structures shall be subject to
the existing local Town and Country Planning regulations
including the existing norms of FIS/FAR
b. Reconstruction of the authorized building to be permitted subject to
the existing FSI/FAR norms and without change in the existing
use.
The design and construction of buildings shall be consistent with

the surrounding landscape and architectural style.

4.2.7 Sweet Water Zone Notification It further explains that any person who buy lands or make
construction over the area will have no right, title and interest over
The management of water supply to Puri town was such lands and the authorities/individuals involved in the sale
transferred to Public Health Engineering Organization proceeds of such lands shall be proceeded with under law.
(PHEO) from Puri Municipality in 1882. Puri town gets
water supply from two well fields, Chakratirtha and The revenue details of the identified Sweet Water Zone
Baliapanda located at two ends of the town. at and Baliapanda are given as under:
705 acre of land around these well fields were assigned Location : Chakratirtha
S.no. Khata Plot No. Area
by PHEO as Puri Water Works in order to preserve the No.
said field and protect the aquifers from the 1. 233 1050 110.24
contamination by urban waste. Puri does not have any 2. 233 1201 143.98
other source of ground water. 3. 233 1441/1569 191.34
4. 234 1171/1660 0.44
The notification was published in May 24, 2000 for the 5. 233 1178 1.00
6. 173 1177 1.00
protection of the ground water resource by Housing 7. 645 1201/1568 49.68
and Urban Development Department and Revenue TOTAL 497.68
Department to inhibit unauthorized construction Location : Baliapanda
activities either by encroachments or without approved 1. 66,67,68,69,70,72,199,71 207.52
plan in these zones, to restrain Puri Municipality from TOTAL 207.52
further sale/lease/transfer of these revenue lands and
to restore lands already allotted/ leased out.
At present Puri Municipality has constructed a boundary wall
The gazette notification for the protection of the sweet around these parcels of land. Encroachment can be seen on the
reserve pronounces that any sale /lease /transfer/renewal external periphery. The land is barren, devoid of any plantations.
of lease of the water works reserve lands to Puri by Puri
Municipality/Revenue authority/anybody else and any
construction made over these prohibited area shall be treated as
illegal and unauthorized.
Map 4-1 Sweet Water Zone in Puri

4.2.8 Tourism Policy Relevance of Project

Submitted to: Department of Tourism and Culture (Tourism), While India has been identified as an emerging tourist
Govt of Odisha on 17th April 2013 destination in the world, Odisha despite being
Concerned Departments: Department of Tourism and Culture generously endowed with cultural and natural heritage
and diverse natural attraction still plays an inadequate
The tourism sector has been identified worldwide as a part in it. In order to amend this situation, the policy
major industry with the potential of being a creator of envisages a proactive approach to achieve the growth
fast, sustainable and inclusive economic growth. potential by initiating identified policy measures,
Recognizing the above, the Odisha Tourism Policy, strategies, financial support systems, professional
2013 introduces tourism as a lucrative economic sector management input and establishing the required
as a sector generating 78 jobs per million rupee synergies through co-ordination, institutional
investment as opposed to the 45 jobs produced through arrangements, attention and overall improved
any other manufacturing sector. Drawing attention to performance of the sector. Thus this policy is expected
the fact that 10.7% of the total work force of the world to develop the state as one of the most preferred tourist
is employed by the tourism industry, the Department of destinations and place it prominently on the domestic,
Tourism under the Government of Odisha expressed as well as international map. Further, the policy seeks to
eagerness to use tourism as a major driving force behind employ sustainable tourism as a means of conservation
revitalizing the economy of the state in the coming of heritage, preservation of natural environment,
years. Considering this, and supporting figures economic and inclusive growth, social equity and
establishing how rapidly this industry has developed in integration and a benefit to all stakeholders.
the state over the last years, particularly following the
Incredible India campaign, the last Odisha Tourism Evaluation and Recommendation
Policy made in 1997 was considered to be inadequate. Physical Infrastructure
Thus the new Tourism Policy, with a renewed vision, In order to optimize the latent potential of land
objectives and strategy was drafted in 2013. The Policy available across the state, particularly in and around key
provides for tourism a farsighted vision and a broader tourist locations, and to enable investors to get easy
definition by identifying tourism not only as a generator access to land for tourism projects, the policy proposes
of visitors to the state but also as a way to larger the formation of a Land Bank. This process will involve
economic development, an opportunity to produce the Identification, Earmarking and Consolidation of
large scale employment, an eradicator of poverty, a land suitable for development for tourism projects
participatory connector between various stake holders under the supervision of a Recommendation
and a scope for the collaboration between public and Committee. The Policy specifies that the transfer or
private enterprises. lease of land in favour of the Department of Tourism
Objectives of Policy can only be made from land that is in current possession
of government agencies.
To promote Sustainable Tourism with a view to create employment The government will also demarcate Special Tourism
opportunities and bring about socio-economic benefits to the
community Zones for regions with higher potential to attract
tourists. These zones will be furnished with quality
To preserve, enrich and promote Odishas unique cultural heritage, infrastructure like roads, sanitation, power supply,
natural resources and environment with a view to achieve water supply etc. through the convergence of resources.
sustainable development; addressing the regulatory and tourism
promotion/development functions in PPP mode at all levels, in an Development in these zones by private organizations
effective & well-coordinated manner will also be given incentives for specific time periods.
While the identification of these areas lies with the
To promote Odisha as a one stop destination to experience cultural STPC of Odisha, the Policy should also specify the
heritage, eco-tourism and rich wilderness so as to boost foreign & grounds of selection of these zones, particularly in
domestic tourist arrival in the State
terms of ecological viability, as much of Odisha is

coastal or home to abounding natural bio-diversity that media, but also in terms of non-financial incentives
calls for an environmentally sustainable and sensitive such as easy facilitation of clearances and permissions
approach. from statutory bodies such as CRZs, municipal bodies,
airports, and pollution control boards, fast-tracking
In a measure to ensure the safety of tourists, the policy through the employment of single window clearances
also states that the Department of Tourism will provide and escort officers and promotion of private tourism in
for police, life guards in beaches, and other security national and international levels.
personnel, preferably ex-servicemen that will ensure
security of tourists, particularly women and children in In an effort to undertake reform in the organizational
and around tourism destinations. structure of existing bodies related to tourism the Policy
also proposes the formation of some key councils and
Special Tourism Zones committees. As a High Level Clearance Authority, it
Institutional Infrastructure proposes the formation of the STPC or the State
Tourism Promotion Council with members comprising
Featuring prominently under the institutional
of the Chief Minister and other ministers, secretaries
infrastructural developments proposed by the policy is
and senior representatives of departments related to
the human resource development, sensitization of stake
tourism. As an advisory body to the STPC, the Policy
holders and capacity building programs. This section
proposes the formation of TAC Tourism Advisory
addresses the need for human resources in the state
Committee that will guide the STPC on matters of
hospitality industry and involves the setting up of hotel
policies and strategies governing tourism development
management institutes, inclusion of tourism related
in the state, inter-department coordination,
courses for subordinate staff in industrial training
recommendations on granting approval of projects etc.
institutes and polytechnics, short term courses relating
Similar to the STPC, the Policy also calls for the
to hospitality industry in rural areas and encouragement
formation of Tourism Promotion Councils at a District
to NGO carrying out sensitization programs related to
level and Local level for the important tourist centres
tourism.
through the DTPC District Tourism Promotion
The Institutional Infrastructural Development further Council and the LTPC Local Tourism Promotion
declares Tourism Undertaking and New Tourism Units, Council.
with clearly defined conditions for eligibility and
For the Single Window Clearance Authority, the Policy
ineligibility for consideration and subsidies. For the
proposes the formation of a three tier system that will
purpose of administration of incentives, the policy has
provide clearance on the basis of the magnitude of
divided the state into three Tourism Zones A, B and
investment. The Special Single Window Clearance
C, that include Municipal Corporation areas of
Authority, the State Level Single Window Clearance
Bhubaneswar in Zone A, Rest of the state except KBK
Authority and the High Level Clearance Authority will
(Kalahandi Balangir, Koraput region), Kandhamal,
be formed and made responsible for the clearances of
Gajapati District and Zone A in Zone B, and KBK,
projects worth up to 50 crores, between 50 and 100
Kandhamal, Gajapati District within Zone C.
crores and more than 100 crores respectively.
The incentives for eligible projects on these zones occur
Economic Infrastructure
not only in terms of financial subsidies for conforming
to given conditions through land allotment, land Through the scope identified for tourism development
allotment for hotel and tourism management institutes, in Odisha, financial subsidies and non-financial
capital investment subsidy, interest subsidy, stamp duty incentives offered in the policy, it can be expected that
exemption, reimbursement of VAT, reimbursement of the state will draw large scale investments in the tourism
entertainment tax, transport industry subsidy, subsidy sector that will greatly assist in development of tourism
in participation in overseas events, production of in the state thus impacting economic growth.
tourism literature and promotion through electronic

4.3 Organizations Impacting Development of the City and Organizational

Structures
4.3.1 Housing and Urban Development Minister Housing and Urban Development , State
The Housing and Urban Development Department is Government of Odisha
the nodal department of Government of Odisha for
ensuring proper and planned growth of cities and towns Additional Chief Secretary, Housing & Urban
with adequate infrastructure, amenities and services Development( Administrative Head)
provided to the citizens through the Urban Local

Directorate of Public Health
Bodies and parastatal agencies. The Housing and Urban Municipal
Directorate of
Organization (
Town Planning
Development Department is headed by the Minister, Administration Urban)
H& UD. The Additional Chief Secretary, Housing and

Urban Development is the administrative head of the Municipal Administration in Odisha is managed by the
Department Directorate of Municipal Administration (DMA),
which is the apex administrative organization that
The Department of Housing & Urban Development, regulates functioning of all Municipal Corporations,
functions through three Directorates. They are: Municipalities and Notified Area Councils in
performing their regulatory and enforcement activities;
by adhering to the policies, procedures and guidelines
provided by the government to achieve effective
municipal administration in the state. It also does the
monitoring and supervision of the developmental
functions of the Urban Local Bodies.
Figure 4-1 Organogram of Housing and Urban Development

Source: http://www.urbanodisha.gov.in/%28S%28a4uxip2mirh1fa55qot0eoyj%29%29/organogram.html

4.3.2 Directorate of Municipal Simultaneously, the Department through its other

Administration wings also performs varied kinds of functions for the
The Directorate of Municipal Administration (DMA) is economic and infrastructural development of the State.4
the apex administrative organization that regulates
Office of Engineer in Chief (Civil) is the Head of
functioning of all Municipal Corporations,
Department office functioning under Government of
Municipalities and notified area councils in performing
Odisha, Works Department. There are sixteen Circles
their regulatory and enforcement activities by adhering
(Thirteen Civil, one P.H., one Electrical and one
to the policies, procedures and guidelines provided by
Mechanical) after restructuring of the organizational
the government to achieve effective municipal
structure. There are 56 Civil Divisions, 3 G.P.H.
administration in the state. It also monitors and
Division, 4 General Electrical Divisions and 4
supervises the developmental functions of the Urban
Mechanical Divisions, beside these Sub-Divisional
Local Bodies.
Offices and Section Offices are there under each
division.
The Engineer-in-Chief (Civil) is the head of the

4.3.3 Works Department (R& B Division)
Organization. Three Chief Engineers designated as
Chief Engineer, a. Design Planning and
The works department is responsible for construction, Investigation & Roads (DPI & Roads), Chief Engineer
repair and maintenance of buildings, roads, bridges and (Buildings) and Chief Engineer (World Bank) are
other related structures financed form the state and functioning under the Office along with Chief Manager
capital budget allocations of the Government of Orissa. (Technical) and Chief Engineer (Design).
All major arterial roads in the town are under the
This Organization is mainly looking after the
control of the PWD.
construction and maintenance works of P.W.D. Roads,
The department is also responsible for ensuring that no Buildings and Bridges etc. There is also a Research
encroachment or structure, whether temporary or Development & Quality Promotion (RDQP) Cell
permanent is erected on the land and property under functioning under this office and it mainly looking after
the control of WD and has authority for removal of the Research Development and Quality Control works
such encroachments. It also maintains a register of land, of the (R&B) Wing.
buildings and properties belonging to the GoO and
under the administration of Works department.
Besides, this Department has also an important role for

improvement of buildings infrastructure in the State.
Construction of new building infrastructures / maintain
the existing one and above all planning for the
upcoming building projects by tapping funds from
various sources i.e. the State Budget / Central schemes
/ Deposits etc. is always taken care either through a
long term program or short term strategies.
4 Public Works Department. Government of Odisha. Web. 26 Sept.2015.

http://www.worksodisha.gov.in/aboutus.html>.
Figure 4-3 Organogram of Works Department

Source: www.worksodisha.gov.in
Figure 4-2 Organogram of Works Department under officer of Engineer in Chief

Source: www.worksodisha.gov.in

4.3.4 Puri Konark Development Authority

Chairman
Puri Konark Development Authority (PKDA) was Vice Chairman

constituted under Odisha Development Authorities
Planning Member Secretary
Act, 1982. Following are the functions of the
development authority:
Architecture assisstant
a. Preparation of development plans, undertaking works Draftsman
pertaining to different Town Planning Schemes and Admin( Survey & Asst. Engineer Civil
public amenities. Measurements Jr. engineer (Civil)
b. Regulating development and use of lands including Building Inspector Asst. Engineer (Elec)
private land Technical Assisstant Technical Assisstans
c. Working as coordinating agency between various Socio- economic Draftsman
Government Departments and other agencies involved Investigator
in development activities.
The planning area comprises of Puri Municipal limits,

Konark NAC area and the adjoining rural areas include Figure 4-4 Organization Structure of P.K.D.A.
Source: Draft Comprehensive Development Report -2031
131 numbers of revenue villages, with a population of
about 4.96 lakhs (according to the 2001 census) and
stretches over an area of 296.33 sq.km.
The main objective of the authority is to ensure planned

and systematic development of the areas under its
jurisdiction, with preparation of development plans,
undertaking works pertaining to different Town
Planning Schemes and public amenities. The PKDA
area consists of three administrative and planning
jurisdictions which are:
Puri Municipality
Konark NAC
Puri Konark Development Authority (PKDA)
Map 4-2 PKDA Region divided into sub zones

Source: Draft Comprehensive Development Report 2031

4.3.5 Puri Municipality Headed by the Chair person (Council), along with the
Puri Municipality limits extends over an area of 16.84 Vice Chairman, the Puri municipality comprises of the
sq km, whereas the Master Plan Area extends over following committees:
63.578 sq km. The municipal area stretches along the
a) Ward committee,
seashore measuring about 6.59 km. The municipality
b) Health committee,
has 32 wards extending over 34 mouzas. The master c) Light committee,
plan area has 16 more villages in addition to the d) Finance committees.
municipal area. The master plan area stretches over
20.35 km along the seashore. Each committee consists of 7 members and reports to
the chairperson of the council.
The function of Puri Municipality is to provide the basic
amenities which includes the sanitation, street lighting, The Executive Officer (EO) is the institutional head of
construction and maintenance of roads, drains, culverts, Puri Municipality. The E.O is from the Odisha
community centers and public sanitation facilities etc., Administrative Services (OAS) and is deputed from the
controlling mosquito, health hazards, regulate growth Revenue Department, under H&UDD. The E.O
of the town, uplifting status of urban poor and reports to H&UDD and is deputed for a term of 3-5
destitute, implementing welfare measures and such years.
other facility that are required to be taken up from time
to time in the public interest.
City Council
Chairman Vice Chairman
Executive Officer
Additional Executive Municipal Engineer Health Officer
Tax Roads SWM
Budget Drains Sanitation
Social Welfare Accounts Buildings Birth & Death Registraion

actvities
Establishment Food Licence
Poverty Alleviation
Street Lighting
Figure 4-5 Organogram of Puri Municipality

Source: Mr. Prabir Khilar, Additional Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality

4.3.6 Shri Jagannatha Temple Trust
Shri Jagannatha Temple Trust is formed under Shri Jagannatha Temple Act 1955 the main features of which has been
detailed in section 4.2.4. The trust manages the administration activities of the temple and the properties which are
under it.
Managing Committee
Chairman (Gajapati Maharaj)
Executive ( Chief Administrator)
Administrator Nitis Administrator Development Administartor Security
Administrator Deputy
Deputy Revenue Sebayat Welfare
Finance Development
Assisstant Administrator
Land Officer
Public Relation
Infrmation Officer
Superintendent
Head Clerk
Figure 4-6 Organization Structure of Shri Jagannatha Temple Trust

Source: Shri Jagannatha Temple Act

4.3.7 Public Health Engineering Organization
Public Health Engineering Division, Puri is one of the It is responsible for planning, designing, construction,
13th division of the P.H. Circle, Bhubaneswar under the operation and maintenance of water supply system and
administrative control of the Engineer-in-Chief, PH management of water schemes including their
Odisha. The Division belongs to Housing & Urban transportation and distribution. Apart from this, the
Development Department, Government of Odisha and PHD under PHEO is also responsible for construction
is headed by one Executive Engineer (P.H). The and maintenance of external and internal water supply,
different officers under the control of the Executive sewerage and sanitary installation for the state
Engineer (PH) of the Division are shown in the government buildings (both residential and
organization chart. This division consists of three PH nonresidential in the town)
subdivision like Puri, Nimapada and Nayagarh.
Engineer in Chief, Public Health , Odisha
Bhubaneshwar Circle Cuttak Circle Sambalpur Circle Berhampur Circle
PH Division PH Div. I, PH Division PH Division

I,BBSR Cuttack Sambalpur Behrampur
PH Division PH Div. PH Division PH Division

II, BBSR II,Cuttack Rourkela Koraput
PH Division,
PH Division PH Division , PH Division
Bhanjanagarat
III, BBSR Baripada Balangir
Chatrapur
PH Division ,
Puri , Nimapada, Nayagarh
Puri Circle
Figure 4-7 Organogram of Public Health Division of Odisha

Source: http://pheoodisha.gov.in
Executive Engineer, PH Division, Puri
Assistant Assitant Engineer Divisional Head Clerk

Cash Branch
Engineer Estimator accounts officer Establishment
Draftsman Junior Steno
Figure 4-8 Organogram of Public Health Division of Puri

Source: http://pheoodisha.gov.in

4.3.8 Odisha Water Supply and Sewerage Board (OWSSB)
OWSSB is responsible for construction and construction and provision of sewerage network within
maintenance of major storm water drains within Puri the town.
town limits. The board is also responsible for
Minister UD & Chairman OWSSB
Principal Secretary , H& UD Department cum Vice

Special Secretary H& UD
Chairman, OWSSB
Director Municipal
Chief Engineer , PH(U) Chief Engineer -cum-member secretary , OWSSB
Administration
Superintendent Engineer PH circle, BBSR Project Director , PM circle Cuttack
Project Engineer
Executive Engineer , PH Division , Puri
PMU ,Puri
Figure 4-9 Organogram of OWSSB

Source: http://urbanorissa.gov.in/water_supply_sewerage_board.html

4.3.9 Department of Tourism and Culture

In the process of reorganization of Departments,a separate Department was created for Tourism in G.A. on 2nd January,
1991 which was reconstituted as Department of Tourism and Culture vide Department Resolution No.29049 - Gen,
dated the 30th December, 1995. The tourism wing of the Department of Tourism and Culture has a composite
office.Directorate of Tourism is a part of this composite office. Both the departments are headed by one secretary with
two directors.
Minister of State
Principal Secretary
OAS
Director & Addl.
Addl. Secretary
Secretary to Govt
Joint Director & Deputy Director-

Deputy Secretary Dy. Director
Dy. Secretary cum-Dy.
Secretary
Assistant Director Assistant Director Assistant Director

Assistant Director
Figure 4-10 Organization Structure of Department of Tourism

Source: www.orissatourism.gov.in
The Department of Tourism has identified 330 Tourist centers where 30 tourist offices are located inside state and 3
are located outside. There are 51 accommodation units under Department of Tourism out of which 23 are operated by
OTDC, 9 are lease out on PPP mode and 5 units are operated by other Departments. Following table gives information
regarding the manpower f Department of Tourism.5
Table 4-1 manpower of the Tourism Department
Location Sanctioned Post Main in position No. of vacancies
Headquarters 88 57 31
Field 300 250 50
Total 388 307 81
Source: www.orissatourism.gov.in
In its objectives the Department of Culture works towards a systematic and comprehensive promotion in the field of
art and culture in the State and the Department aims at preserving the ancient cultural traditions and antiquities. As
explained by Mr.Nalinikant Sahoo, District Culture Officer at Puri, the duties and roles of the department mostly revolve
5 Disaster Management Plan 2013-2014. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2015.

around providing exposure to local artisans, promoting local arts and crafts and conduction of independent events and
cultural programs during festivals.
The Department of Culture headed by the Commissioner-cum-Secretary and the other officials like Director,Culture,
Additional Secretary,Under Secretary, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors, Desk Officers, Section Officers etc. The
total strength of the staff of this Department including the sub-ordinate offices is 672 out of which the present strength
is 610.The organizational structure of Department of Culture has been explained as under:
MINISTER, CULTURE
COMMISSIONER-CUM-SECRETARY
DIRECTOR OF CULTURE & Additional Secretary ADDITIONAL SECRETARY
Deputy Director Culture OAS (S) AFA-CUM-UNDER

(OSD) SECRETARY
Secretary Odisha Secretary Odisha Section Officer

Sahitya Akademy Sangeet Akademi
30 District
Culture
Officers
Figure 4-11 Organization Structure of Culture

Source: http://www.orissaculture.gov.in/pdf/Disaster_management.pdf
The Department of Culture is looks after the overall promotion of Art and Culture with the co-operation of the
Sub-ordinate offices and autonomous organizations functioning under it. The subordinate offices and the autonomous
organization of Department of Culture are:
S.No. Sub-ordinate offices Autonomous grant in aid institutions

1. Odisha State Archaeology, at Bhubaneswar. Odisha Sahitya Akademy.
2. Odisha State Museum at Bhubaneswar. Odisha Lalita Kala Akademy.
3. Odisha State Archives at Bhubaneswar. Odisha Sangeeta Natak Akademy.
4. Harekrishna Mahatab State Library at Bhubaneswar. Odisha Urdu Akademy.
5. B.K.College of Art and Craft, Bhubaneswar. G.K.C.M. Odissi Research Centre, Bhubaneswar.
6. Art & Craft College, Khallikote. Utkal University of Culture
7. Vikram Dev Art School, Jeypore.

8. Utkal Sangeeta Mahavidyalaya

Odisha State Archaeology
Odisha State Archaeology is headed by Superintendent of Archaeology, assisted by Curators, Archaeological

Engineers and Conservation Assistants to looks after conservation, protection of ancient monuments. It undertakes
the programme for conservation and preservation of ancient monuments and Buddhist heritage of the State. Apart
from that Odisha State Archaeology undertakes projects funded by World Bank under ICZM Project of Ministry of
Environment & Forest, Government of India. So far 218 monuments of the State have been declared as State protected
monument under Odisha Ancient Monument Preservation Act, 1956.6
Following table lists the Mathas for which conservation works of properties under Endowment Department have been
undertaken which are of heritage value and are unprotected structures:
LOCATION EXPENDITURE
S.NO NAME OF MONUMENTS
(PLACE/BLOCK/DISTRICT) INCURRED
1 Alamchandi Temple Atharanala,Puri 832685
2 Badajhadu Matha Swargdwar,Puri 1473572
3 Bada Akhada Matha Bada danda,Puri 1199980
4 Badasantha Matha Markendasahi,Puri 1124107
5 Bada Odiya Matha Markendasahi,Puri 1495950
6 Darpana Matha Bada danda,Puri 180503
7 Dasa Abatara Matha Bada danda,Puri 1488200
8 Dakshina Parsva Matha Harichandi sahi,Puri 1002700
9 Emar Matha Bada danda,Puri 1466069
10 Gambhira RadhaKanta Matha Balisahi,Puri 976300
11 Ganga Mata matha Balisahi,Puri 1399364
12 Gundhichha Matha Bada danda,Puri 1157700
13 Gopinath Temple Complex Near Indrayumana Tank,Puri 418317
14 haridas matha Goudasahi ,Puri 995234
15 Jambesvara Temple South of Jagannath Temple,Puri 829090
16 Jhanjapita Matha Puri Town,Puri 838198
17 Jagannath Bhallava Matha Bada danda,Puri 845788
18 Ktaki Matha Near Markendasahi,Puri 990044
19 Khajuria Matha Balisahi,Puri 813558
20 Langultu Matha Bada danda,Puri 438000
21 Mahiprakash Matha Harichandi sahi,Puri 904700
22 Nandini Matha Markendasahi,Puri 1469594
23 Panjabi Mtha Bada danda,Puri 499300
24 Papudia Matha Bada danda,Puri 1197608
25 Ramanuja Matha Balisahi,Puri 1447967
26 Raghabdas Matha Harichandi sahi,Puri 997019
27 Rebasa Matha Puri Town,Puri 976893
6 "Disaster Management Plan 2014-2015." Department of Culture. Government of Odisha. Web. 28 Sept. 2015. <http://www.orissaculture.gov.in/>.
28 Radhabhalava Matha Bada danda,Puri 495300

29 Ramji Matha Markendeswar Sahi,Puri 976638
30 Rani Matha Marni Karnika Sahi,Puri 977580
31 Sidha Matha Karti Sahi ,Puri 1029564
32 Satalahadi Matha Swargdwar,Puri 484315
33 Sunagoswani Matha Goudabadi Sahi,Puri 497440
34 Trimali Math Markendasahi,Puri 452969
35 Uttarparsva Matha Markendasahi,Puri 847710
36 Funds provided to IDCO for boundary 2500000
wall of Srikshetra Sangharalya
TOTAL 35719956
Odisha State Museum
Odisha State Museum under the Department of Culture epitomizes the cultural heritage of the State. Museum is headed
by Superintendent of Museums and assisted by Curators & Asstt.9 Curators including District Culture Officers the Ex-
Officio heads of the District Museums of Odisha. The organization undertakes the following programs:
1. Organization of new galleries such as Odisha through ages, photo painting, human evolution and freedom
fighters gallery etc.
2. Renovation of mining and geology gallery.
3. Renovation of different District museums in Odisha
4. Organization of modern art gallery
5. Painting of post- cards of important antiquities and artifacts
6. Organization and seminars and symposiums.
7. Overall development of the state museum

4.3.10 Handlooms, Textiles and Handicrafts Department
Handloom sector, next to the agriculture provides massive employment to the rural artisans. So far as the State is
concerned, it has a rich tradition of producing handloom products. Even the skill and knowledge imbibed over the
generation, has given the Odisha hand woven textiles an unparalleled depth, range, strength and vigor. Handloom cloth
is one of the richest and resilient medium of ethnic expressions.
The Handloom Industry in Orissa is the largest cottage Industry providing employment and sustenance to 4 % of the
population of the State. Right from producing superior artistic fabrics of excellence, this industry also produces utility
fabrics for the common masses at cheaper cost. However, in face of competition in open market, strengthening of
industry and its diversification is the continuous need for survival which is being provided by in the government through
different forms. To achieve this end, different schemes have been formulated and are working under the Textile
Directorate of the state.7
The major activities of the department are broadly classified in to 4 categories such as:
1. Promotion of Handloom sector.

2. Promotion of Sericulture sector.
3. Promotion of spinning mill sector.
4. Promotion of Power loom sector
ORGANISATIONS Directorate of Textiles & Handlooms,
UNDER Odisha, Bhubaneswar
ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL OF THE Directorate of Handicrafts & Cottage District Industries Centre (DIC) at District
DEPARTMENT Industries, Odisha, Bhubaneswar Level
Odisha State Handloom Weavers Coop.

Societies Ltd. (Boyanika), Bhubaneswar.
Sambalpuri Bastralaya Handlooms

Cooperative Society Ltd., Baragarh.
Odisha State Cooperative Handicrafts

Corporation Ltd. (Utkalika), Bhubaneswar
Odisha State Tassar & Silk Federation Ltd.

(SERIFED), Bhubaneswar.
Odisha State Handlooms Development

Corporation Ltd. (OSHDC), Janapath,
Bhubaneswar(Under Liquidation)
Odisha Spinning Mills Federation Ltd.
(SPINFED), Bhubaneswar.
State Institute for Development of Arts &

Crafts (SIDAC), Bhubaneswar.
State Agency for Development of

Handloom Clusters (SADHAC),
Bhubaneswar. (Within SIDAC Complex)
5.
7 (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2015, from http://www.odisha.gov.in/textiles/index.htm

4.4 Review of proposed and ongoing projects
Based on the stakeholder consultation, desk review of development and up gradation of existing infrastructure
the Draft Comprehensive Master Plan 2031, the project such as road improvement, drainage and sewerage
proposals and the ongoing works have been mapped on improvements, tourists facilities in Puri and executed by
the City plan of Puri. These projects were multiple line agencies.
commissioned by the State Government for
The details of the projects as mentioned in the following section are based on desk review of the primary
and secondary data collected from internet sources and data received from multiple departments and the
City Mission Directorate of Puri.
Image 4-1Mapping of the ongoing and proposed projects by multiple department

Source: Hriday City Anchor

4.4.1 Puri Konark Development Authority
The Draft Comprehensive Development Plan -2031 municipal limits of the city as well as the Sadar area
prepared by Centre for Environmental Planning and which is under the purview of P.K.D.A. respectively.
Technology (CEPT University) Ahmadabad, for Puri
Konark Development Authority (PKDA) has proposed
following projects which are coming under the
Project
S.No. Project Name Review
Status
A1 Bus Rapid Transit System Proposed The Bus Rapid Transit System has been proposed
A2 Bus Terminal Proposed
A3 Multilevel car parking at The proposal for multilevel car parking at Jaganntha Vallabh
Jagannath Ballav matha Matha is to provide parking catering to the tourists, pilgrims
and visitors, which is one of the major issues of the city.
However this project is under review due to community
resistance to the project
A4 Car parking at New Puri
Railway Station
A5 Parking and toilet block at
Gundicha Bus Stand
A6 Multilevel car parking at Parking is a major need at the city level. The location of the
Marine Drive Road parking has not been finalized. Also as per the information
from revenue office (Tehsildar) there is government land at
two locations along the Marine Drive.
A7 Slum Redevelopment and
provision of neighborhood
level toilets at Pentakota
A8 Toilets at Swetganga tank All new building activity adjacent or in close proximity to
A9 Toilets at Narendra tank structures of heritage value or in precincts of heritage
A10 Toilets at Station road significance must follow design guidelines to be determined by
A11 Toilets at Athranala bylaws and buildings guidelines for heritage areas. These
require to be prepared by PKDA and enforced by the
Municipality
A12 Toilets at Talbania These two project are proposed on the Sweet Water Zone
A13 Toilets at Baliapanda which is designated as protected area (no development zones)
where no construction activity is permitted. For the
construction of these toilets, stringent guidelines are to be
followed to prevent any contamination of the ground water.
These norms are not mentioned in the Draft CDP 2031.
The location of the facility and careful management of the

waste water and sewage is necessary for this project.
A14 Toilets at Marine Drive road
A15 Proposed Spiritual route The route only marks the point which can be connected with
the BRTS corridor. It was noted on consultation with Mr.
Gochhikar that this route was proposed to demarcate the
parikrama path of Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu connecting the
Jagagharas around Puri city.

Map 4-3 Proposed projects listed by PKDA
Map 4-4 Proposed BRTS Corridor in Drat Comprehensive Development Plan 2031

Map 4-5 Proposed BRTS route in Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031

Image 4-2 Proposed Multilevel Car Parking at Jagannatha Vallabha Matha

Source: Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031

Map 4-6 Proposed toilet location at critical areas
Map 4-7 proposed tourism projects


Map 4-8 Proposed Heritage Route by PKDA Route 1 & Route 2


4.4.2 Water Resource Department

The map below show the current status of drainage plan Cost of
Name of the Project
which has been executed by Water Resource S.No.
Project
Description
(In
Department in Puri before the Nabakalebera. The lakhs)
implementation of the project is planned to be 1. Improvement of Providing B.T. 26.27
Musha Nai right road for a length
undertaken after the festival. embankment from of 800m.
Atharanallah to
The stormwater drains have been provided along the Devi Ghat
2. Sourcing of 75 Construction of 2036.24
Bada Danda though the detail of the design of the MLD drinking control structure
channel with the concrete slab covers are ill conceived. water for Puri of Gobkundcut
These drains run along the front of the shops and have Township and near RD 37.59 km
Shamuka Beach of Bhargavi river.
been executed with inappropriate levels and details as a Project
result of which cause immense inconvenience to the 3. Construction of pond and other structure 9160.36
pedestrians. At places the drains have been covered at Samanga
TOTAL 11222.87
completely with extension of the shops and is being The improvement of Musa Nai from Atharanala to
used by the shops for the display of products. Devi Ghat is under progress. The sourcing if 75 MLD
drinking water for Shamuka Beach project and Puri
As per the information shared by Mr Sanjay Mallick,
Executive Engineer, Water Resource Department, Township is completed. Two Ponds are under
construction at Samanga and Shree Kona village for the
WRD will implement three projects in Puri the details
of which have been given in the table below: project where two numbers of inlet structure and an
outlet structure will be constructed after the monsoon.
The outlet of these water systems will open into the
Mangla River and is expected to flush the stream,
thereby solving the problem of saline water ingress
there.
Map 4-9 Project Status Map of Water Resource Department

4.4.3 Odisha Water Supply and Sanitation

Board
The City has recently constructed a 15MLD capacity
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) on the banks of the
Mangala River and the Bankimuhan WWTP has been
installed with enzyme treatment system. At present
majority of the commercial establishments including
hotels are connected to the sewage network and over
the coming years the residences in the old city will also
be connected to the network.

4.4.4 Tourism & Culture
Ongoing projects of the Department of Tourism and While the recently provided facilities are much required
Culture involve interventions near Atharnala, building by the visitors it is critical that further interventions are
of parking, visitor interpretation centre, and visitor based on an overall assessment of elements of value and
amenities and craft shopping centre in Jagannath Ballav risks of the Matha complex with its gardens. The visitor
Matha, Shree Jagannath Temple and landscape and interpretation centre is recommended to house
repair works in the three tanks of Markandeshwar, comprehensive information on the cultural narrative of
Indradyumna and Narendra. the town so that the information on all aspects of
cultural and natural heritage of the town is accessible to
Atharanala beautification project: The Atharanala the visitors.
Bridge is a structure of immense significance on
account of its antiquity, architecture and its locational
value (the first view of Shri Jagannath temple is from
the bridge). It is unique in its architecture of a pre
Islamic construction where the spans of the openings
are built with corbelling and are not true arches. Built
of laterite stone, the uniqueness of the structure is its
spartan characteristics, devoid of all decorations. Area
improvement schemes should not have had decorative
finishes as these detract from the historic architectural
character of the bridge and its setting. The use of red
tiles, stainless steel railings and manicured lawns
Image 4-3 Current condition of Jagannatha Vallabha Matha opne area
introduced as part of the recent improvement scheme Source: Project Team
are not compatible with the historic character of the
bridge and its setting.
Image 4-4 Intervention near ataranal bridge Image 4-5 Modern intervention on the periphery of the Indradyumna water tanks
Parking, Visitor Interpretation Centre and Craft For conservation, repair and landscape improvement of
complex at Shree Jagannath Ballav Matha: The garden Markandeya, Indradyumna and Narendra. Tank:, works
complex of Shree Jagannath Ballav Matha is of have undertaken by way of building of walls of the tanks
immense cultural and landscape value. It is the garden in areas which were breached including provision of
of Shree Jagannath. Given the significance of the crenellations, desilting and dredging, provision of
complex, all interventions within the garden complex pathways along the periphery of the walls. Several of
should be based on a comprehensive plan. these interventions are incompatible on account of
inappropriate choice of materials, architectural and
construction details. The repair works have not

examined the need for improvement of quality of water
or the revival of traditional water management system
as a result of which the waters are of poor quality.
The Road and Building Division of Puri has undertaken

extensive renovation and repair work along the
periphery of the tanks that involves construction of an
R.C.C wall to repair the collapsed wall, construction and
repair of steps, kangooras, and repair and paving on the
external plinth using ceramic tiles. While this effort is
well-meaning, it is not commendable owing to it being Map 4-11 RCC Kangooras added over laterite walls
unsympathetic to the historic fabric and incompatibility Source: Project Team
of both material and design, and requires immediate

attention.
Map 4-10 Mapping of the projects undertaken by Department of Tourism


4.4.5 Nabakalebara Projects
Nabakalebara is an important festival of the State which have been completed before July 2015 but few of them
was celebrated this year in Puri in the month of July are still under implementation. The projects have been
2015. For the festival it was estimated that 6 million listed along with information of the current status,
people will visit the city. Government of Odisha details of funding and concerned line department.
implemented several infrastructure projects for up Several of the projects have been undertaken to
gradation of existing facilities which were undertaken strengthen the existing infrastructure of the city and
through multiple departments. These projects have hence catering to enhanced experience of visitors and
been called Nabakalebara 2015 projects most of which improved quality of life for the local community
Map 4-12 Location of temporary accommodation and parking facilities provided during NAbakalebara 2015

Department of Housing & Urban Development are related to visitor amenities, improvement of roads,
de-silting of drains in Puri Municipality area, solid waste
management around Jagannatha Temple and Grand
There are total 16 projects (7 completed and 9 are Road, sewage disposal and treatment, and provision of
ongoing) specific to Puri which have been undertaken drinking water facilities for devotees and provision of
by the Department of Housing and Urban uninterrupted electricity supply during the Rathyatra.
Development, Government of Odisha. These projects
Table 4-2 List of ongoing & completed Projects8
S.No. Name of the Project Description Cost of Status

Project
(In Cr.)
1. a. For Construction of permanent nature of 12
Construction of Toilets for 3.26 Ongoing
numbers of toilets, installation of 6 numbers of
Nabakalebara
mobile toilet cost of project is 3.12 crore
b. For 265 numbers of temporary toilets at
temporary accommodation centres for Police
personnel during Nabakalebara. Cost of project is
14 lakh.
2.
Stray Cattle Drive & Maintaining cleanliness on Grand Road, preventing 0.15 Ongoing
Construction of Kine House jamming of road, safety of pilgrims during Rathyatra,
Bahuda. Stray Cattle Drive to manage stray animal
menace on the roads
3.
Construction of 54 numbers Better connectivity & sanitation for the public during 3.55 Ongoing
of roads for Nabakalebara Nabakalebara 2015 and continued facility
46 roads have been completed, rest 8 will be completed

by 13.07.2015
4.
De-silting of existing medium 0.12 Ongoing
and small drains in Puri
Municipality Area for
Nabakalebara
5.
Cleaning of Grand Road & Maintaining cleanliness on Grand Road, disposal of 0.97 Ongoing
Shree Jagannathaa Temple solid waste, ensuring healthy ambience surrounding
Periphery By JUSCO the temple periphery, keeping the Grand Road waste
free.
Both side drain of Grand Road have been completed

6.
Municipal Solid Waste The objective of the project was to find a sustainable 20.72 Ongoing
Management of Lord solution to solid waste problem on the Grand Road.
Jagannatha Temple Periphery The project included collection and disposal of solid
and Grand Road, Puri waste generated on the Grand Road by deployment of
(Collection & transportation adequate number of staff, containers, mechanized ,
of solid waste from Grand segregation of perishable and non-perishable waste
Road, Puri) along with awareness campaign to motivate the
residents as well as visitors
8 http://nabakalebara.gov.in/projects/projects
7.
Renovation of existing pond The project is intended for abatement of pollution 6.29 Ongoing
system at Bankimuhan, Puri. caused by release of wastewater directly to the sea at
Bankimuhan.
The wastewater treatment plant at Bankimuhan was

commissioned in the year 1996. The system
comprising 3 ponds with pumping facilities and inlet
screen had become inoperative. The scope of the
project included de-sludging of the ponds, re-fixing of
screens, and renovation of structural components like
weirs, drains etc. and enzyme treatment of the
wastewater.
Civil work and de-sludging nearing completion.

Electrification under progress.
8.
Sewage Collection & The objective of the project was to collect the waste 80.45 Completed
Treatment System for Puri water emanating from individual households /
Town commercial establishments in the town and to treat the
same to acceptable environmental standard before safe
disposal of the treated effluent in the adjoining water
bodies. The project was intended to achieve the overall
goal of better health for the inhabitants as well as the
tourists, protection of sea-beach from pollution and
abatement of pollution of the water sources
9.
ESR and UGR to be used for 10.75 MLD drinking water storage capacity. To be Completed
water supply during used for continuous water supply during Nabakalebara
Nabakalabar constructed -2015
under JNNURM
10.
Sinking of Hand Pump tube 02.00MLD drinking water will supply through Tube 1.12 Completed
wells in Puri Town- 160 Well sources at different places during Nabakalebar -
numbers 2015
11.
Construction of vat and Provision of bathing & supply of potable drinking 1.58 Completed
bathing complex , 1000 & water to devotees at different places during
2000 litre storage tank, M.S Nabakalebar -2015
frame staging, for devotees
during Nabakalebar-2015 Bathing complex-6 numbers storage tank and M.S
frame staging-230 numbers each.
12.
Provision of 3000ltr X 2 Tankers will be used for supply of potable drinking 0.63 Completed
numbers and 5000 litres X 4 water to devotees at different places during
numbers capacity trolley Nabakalebar -2015
mounted water tanker for Puri
for Nabakalebar-2015
13.
External power supply External power supply made at Kustasram, SCS 0.48 Completed
including installation of College, R&B Quarter, Bagala Dharmasala, Bhakta
Transformer and Sub- Nivas near Gundicha temple Bhudan area & ITI for
Stations near Production wells commissioning of production wells
14.
Laying of Water supply pipe 24/7 Water Supply will be given through three 0.93 Completed
lines to different areas of Puri hundred twelve numbers of dedicated stand post
town including Shree along both side of Grand Road
Jagannatha Temple, Gundicha
Temple, Badadanda for 6.3 kilometres Pipe line
Nabakalebar-2015

15.
Provision of Silent Diesel Fifteen numbers of DG sets will be used to provide 0.65 Completed
Generator Sets (DG sets) at uninterrupted water supply to Puri Town at the time
different pump chambers of of power failure.
Puri town for Nabakalebar-
2015
16.
Sinking and Commissioning 18 MLD water will supply to anticipated visitors during 1.12 Completed
of Production wells at Nabakalebar Rath Yatra 2015
different places of Puri town
TOTAL 120.90

Department of Tourism & Culture
In context of Puri, there are four projects undertaken

by Department of Tourism and Culture and Odisha
Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) was the
implementing agency.
The development of Atharanla work undertaken by

OTDC is nearing completion.
Tourism has been steadily growing in the state over the

last decade though in small measures. The visitation to Volunteers for helping pilgrims
Puri also fluctuates affected by seasons with the Information kiosks for pilgrims
maximum footfall in the winter months. Food counters
Lost and found counter
Special arrangements are made by the state for
management of visitors as well as to address their by , The statistics provided by the Department of Tourism
Government of Odisha during the Rath Yatra (of which for the Nabakalebara festival held in July 2015 is given
the Nabakalebar is the most significant one). below:
Arrangements are made by way of provision of
temporary accommodation and parking facilities. In the Tentative Report of Car Festival 2015
Nabakalebar of 2015, 33 places of temporary 1 By Road 4,53,254
accommodation and parking facilities in 26 places in 2 By Rail 2,31,600
and around Puri town were provided. The visitors could 3 Local Population 3,26,500
avail the facilities at these places called as Nabakalebara (with guests)
Villages (NV) free of cost, for their short stay during 4 Police and Other 15,000
festivities. These NVs were divided into seven zones Officials
5 Total 10,26,354
(Zone I to Zone VII). The detail of accommodation
and parking facilities are indicated in the map below: Tentative Report of Return Car Festival 2015
1 By Road 3,68,052
Free bus services were further provided for visitors to 2 By Rail 1,77,200
carry them from the Malatipatpur Bus stand to various 3 Local Population 3,26,500
NVs. In Malatipatpur Bus stand, toilets, bathing units, (with guests)
drinking water, dormitory, food court, tourist 4 Police and Other 15,000
information counter and security arrangements were Officials
also provided. 5 Total 8,86,752
Tentative Report of Sunabesa 2015
The following facilities were provided in all the 1 By Road 2,73,133
temporary accommodation sites (NVs). 2 By Rail 1,29,000
3 Local Population 3,26,500
Separate halls for men and women with light & fans (with guests)
24 hrs power supply 4 Police and Other 15,000
Safe drinking water Officials
Toilets and bathing complex separately for men 5 Total 7,43,633
and women
Medical aid centre with emergency medicine and
doctor
24hr security with CCTV Surveillance
Table 4-3 List of Nabakalebara Projects under Department of Tourism & Culture9
Project
(In Cr.)
1. Development of holy Components are renovation of Pathara Pokhari 0.27 Completed
tanks including Pathara such as construction of railing barricades around the
Pokhari at Puri pond, construction of steps, colour of side of the
pond, development of park and illumination.
2. Development of Components are Pathway, Landscaping, Retaining 1.32 Nearing Completion.
Atharanala, Puri wall, Parking, Boundary wall with gate and OTDC Ltd. is the
illumination Executing Agency.
3. Craft Complex and 42 numbers of rest shed, toilet blocks each for ladies 5.40 Completed
Pilgrim Rest Shed inside and gents, Interpretation Centre with Audio-visual
Jagannatha Ballava room, Souvenir shop, Restaurant and 88 numbers
Matha of shops for craft complex.
4. Construction of Toilet Construction of Toilet Complex at Puri. 1.12
Complex
Proposal submitted by Puri Municipality and is to
be provided in supplementary budget
Map 4-13 nabakalebara Parking & accommodation location

Source:
TOTAL 8.10
Works Department
On the basis of list of projects of road improvement taken up by Work Department during Nabakalebara, many roads
in the municipal limits of the city have been improved.
Table 4-4 List of Nabakalebara Projects under Works Department10
Project
(In Cr.)
1. Construction of Fly-over on Khurda - Jatni- One of the important entry roads to 22.21 Completed
Pipli road Konark and Puri from Khurda, Jatni
and Pipli. This Fly-over on Pipli-
Konark road will reduce congestion
at road crossing near Pipli
2. Imp to Jatni Pipli Road from 0.0 km 22km Alternate connectivity to Puri and 22.90 Completed
Konark from Khurda side.
3. Fulnakhara-Niali-Madhab-Charichhak Gop provided an alternate connectivity to 11.62 Completed
Road 0.0km to 15.00 km interior parts of Cuttack/
Jagatsingpur district to Puri/ Konark
via Phulnakhara, Niali and
Charichhak
4. Construction of H.L. Bridge over river This has provided an alternate 16.80 Completed
Kushabhadra at 7th Km. on Gop Balighai Road connectivity to interior parts of
in the Dist. of Puri under NABARD Assistance Cuttack/Jagatsingpur district to
RIDF-XVI. Puri/ Konark via Gop
5. Improvement to Gop Balighai Road from 0.00 Alternate connectivity to interior 7.96 Completed
km to 18.00 km under NABARD Assistance parts of Cuttack/ Jagatsingpur
RIDF-XV district to Puri/ Konark via
Phulnakhara, Niali and Charichhak
6. Construction of internal roads for providing Important internal road in Puri town. 0.78 Completed
paver block inside DHH, Puri
7. Improvement of road from Sarbodaya Nagar Important internal road in Puri town. 0.68 On Going
School to Ashutosh Ashram via- Mangala
Mandir and Railway Gate via- Santoshi English
Medium School up to Gundicha Bihar road for
2014-15 under U.L.B.
8. Improvement of road from Gundicha Bihar Important internal road in Puri town 0.65 Completed
Road (Back side of Gundicha Temple to
Railway Gate and Two Bye-lane) for 2014-15
under U.L.B.
9. Improvement of road from Grand Road to Important internal road in Puri town 0.34 Completed
Balakrushna Mohanty chhak via-Chudapati,

Jaduani Library and old Sadar Thana Chhak at

Puri for 2014-15 under U.L.B.
10. Improvement to road Dada-Badi (Dena Bank Important internal road in Puri town 0.82 Completed
to NCC office Sidha Mahavir Temple road)
Harihar Nagar and Bank Colony to Talabania
road with Mangala Lane to Talabania road via-
Panda Bagicha and Maitri Vihar 2nd lane at Puri
for 2014-15 (Main road and Mangala Temple to
Talabania) under U.L.B.
11. Special repair to road from Ganduachoura Important internal road in Puri town. 0.54 Completed
Chhak to Lokanath Temple at Puri for 2014-15
(Providing wearing course from 0/00 to 1/660
Km.)
12. Improvement to road from Backside road of Important internal road in Puri town. 0.44 Completed
Prasadbabu Ice Factory with 2 Bye lane at Puri
under U.L.B.
13. Improvement to road from Masanichandi Important internal road in Puri town 0.43 Completed
Chhak to Sri Jagannatha Temple via-
Markandeswar Sahi, Bhani Club and Gosala for
2014-15 under U.L.B.
14. S/R to Road from Hotel Prachi to Sri Lokanth Important internal road in Puri town 0.59 Completed
Temple from 1/290 to 1/900 Km. such as
construction of rigid pavement for 2015-16
15. Alternate route from Digabareni Parking to Important internal road in Puri town 0.26 Completed
Subash Bose Chhak
16. S/R to inter connecting Road adjacent to Important internal road in Puri town 0.27 On Going
Municipality park, Yatrika, Birla Guest House
connecting Swargadwar- Baliapanda and
Swargadwar- Prachi road instead of DIC Square
to Beach & Nandi House to Beach via Pink
House.
17. Special repair to road from Badasankha to Important internal road in Puri town 0.25 Completed
Railway Station such as extension of RCC
culvert over Badasankha drain with approaches.
18. S/R to V.I.P. Road such as construction of Important internal road in Puri town 0.12 Completed
footpath tile and wall
19. Special repair to Atharnalla Talabania road from Important internal road in Puri town. 0.55 Completed
1.660 km. to 2.230Km. Such as Construction
of pavement for 2014-15.
20. S/R to road from Hotel Prachi to Sri Lokanth Important internal road in Puri town. 0.38 Completed
Temple from 0/00 to 0/130 Km. such as
construction of flexible pavement for 2015-16
21. S/R to Achaya Harihar Chhak to Shree Mandir Important internal road in Puri town. 0.15 Completed
via Dolamandap Sahi such as restoration work
from Harihar Chhak to Kachari and upto
Mochi Sahi Chhak
22. S/R to Chaitanya Statue to Shree Mandir via Important internal road in Puri town. 0.03 Completed
Bali Sahi such as C.C. road repair near
Swargadwar Bazaar, United Bank, Solakhia
Baragachha etc.
23. S/R to Subas Bose Square to PKRITY Colony Important internal road in Puri town. 0.19 Completed
via Achutananda Ashram such widening from
Central School to Mangala Temple.

24. Special repair to road from Hotel Prachi to Important internal road in Puri town. 0.06 Completed
Sterling Resort at Puri 0.00 Km. to 0.300 Km.
such as construction of flexible pavement for
2015-16.
25. Improvement to road from Hotel Blue Lily to Important internal road in Puri town. 0.88 Completed
Hotel Sterling Resort Puri for the year 14-15
26. Improvement of old NH-203 from Batagaon Important internal road in Puri town. 10.77 Completed
Chhak (0/0 Km ) to Medical Square (4/700
Km) of Puri town, from Samjajpur (0/0) to
Tulasi Chaura (3/500 Km) with one Box culvert
near Atharnallah
27. Construction of proposed 2 numbers of Important internal road in Puri town. 0.20 Completed
wooden bridge over Mangala river for
connection of NH bypass to Samanga parking
place
28. Construction of H.L. Bridge over river Important internal road in Puri town. 22.55 Completed
Kushabhadra near Netapur at 7th Km on Gop-
Balighai road (RIDF-XVI)
29. S/R to Atharanalla Talabania Road such as Important internal road in Puri town. 0.60 Completed
Renewal Coat from Atharanalla to Bus Stand
including Matiapada Square from 0/00km to
1/370km
30. S/R to road Badasankha to Railway Station and Important internal road in Puri town. 0.21 Completed
Jhadeswari Chhak for 2014-15 (Providing C.C.
pavement from 0/263 to 0/403 Km)
31. Special repair to road from Swargadwar to Important internal road in Puri town. 0.19 Completed
Baliapanda via Bidhaba Ashram 0.660Km to
1.500Km. Such as construction of flexible
pavement
32. Improvement to road from Hotel Prachi (Hans Important internal road in Puri town. 0.88 Completed
Coco Palm) to Hotel Blue Lily Puri for the year
14-15
33. Improvement to Biraharekrushnapur Baliguali Important internal road in Puri town. 1.50 Completed
Road
34. Improvement to road from Binoba-Nagar to Important internal road in Puri town. 0.44 Completed
Kumbharapada out post road with by lane 1
35. Improvement to road Dada-Badi (Dena Bank Important internal road in Puri town. 0.67 Completed
to NCC office Sidhamahavir Temple road)
Harihar Nagar and Bank Colony to Talabania
road with Mangala Lane to Talabania road via-
Panda Bagicha and Maitrivihar 2nd lane at Puri
for 2014-15 (Link Road) under ULB
36. S/R to VIP Road such as renewal coat from Important internal road in Puri town. 0.35 Completed
Swargadwar to Prachi Chhak (1450 mtr)
37. Special repair to road from B.N.R. Hotel to Important internal road in Puri town. 0.34 Completed
Zilla School, SCS College, Government Girls
High School and Marchikot Chhak in Puri
Town from 0/00 to 0/247 Km. such as
construction of rigid pavement for 2014-15.
38. Special repair to road from Badasankha to Important internal road in Puri town. 0.53 Completed
Railway Station and Jhadeswar Chhak from
0.403 Km. to 0.693Km. Such as construction of
flexible pavement for 2014-15.
39. Special repair to Atharnalla Talabania road from Important internal road in Puri town. 0.31 Completed
1.370 Km. to 1.660 Km. Such as construction
of Flexible pavement for 2014-15.
40. Special repair to road from Subas Bose Chhak Important internal road in Puri town. 0.06 Completed
to PKRIT Colony via Achutananda Ashram

0.00 Km. to 4.850Km. Such as construction of

Flexible pavement
41. 4-Lanning road from Grid Station Square to Important internal road in Puri town. 2.30 Completed
Talabania
42. Improvement to road from Hospital Chhak to Important internal road in Puri town. 2.14 Completed
Hotel Prachi (0/0 Km to 4/950 Km) via Subash
Bose Chhak, Acharya Harihar Chhak &
Swargadwar Chhak at Puri
43. Improvement to BNR Hotel to Grand Road via Important internal road in Puri town. 2.97 Completed
S.C.S. College, Govt. Girls High School and
Marchikote Chhak in Puri Town Road.
44. Improvement to Darjee Pokhari Chhak Important internal road in Puri town. 0.30 Completed
45. Improvement to Medical Square from Jail Road Important internal road in Puri town. 0.40 Completed
to Medical
46. Construction of ROB along with bridge Kanchi ROB has been constructed on the 70.02 Completed
Nalla at 0/350 at Proposed road from N.H.203 Malatipatapr to Konark marine drive
at Malatipatpur to Puri Konark road N.H 203- road to cross the railway line.
A
47. Construction of Puri Bye-pass road Malatipatapur is the gateway to Puri. 27.99 Completed
(Nabakalebar-II) such as proposed 2-lane Puri This west bypass connecting
bye pass road from N.H.203 Malatipatpur to Malatipatapur to Marine Drive will
N.H. 203-A Konark , Puri road from 0/0 to ease traffic entry/exit to/from Puri
6/911 Km and for parking and temporary
accommodation at Baliguali and
Talabania areas.
TOTAL 235.62

Water Resources Department
Table 4-5 List of Nabakalebara Projects under Water Resources Department11

Project
(In Cr.)
1. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 631 m of Storm Water 2.15 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary Drain Drainage System was programmed to be
Zone-I (Withdrawal Portion for executed for Nabakalebar 2015. The total
Nabakalebara Urgency part-II) work has been completed. The area covers
Bhudan area, Balighat and Gopalpur. The
drain outfalls to Zone-I Primary Drain. The
work under this package was designed to
address storm water drainage congestion of
the locality..
2. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A peripheral drain around the temple of 1.76 Completed
System in Periphery of Jagannath Temple Lord Jagannath for a length of 928 m was
at Puri designed and completed to drain out storm
water from the four sides (Dwaras). The
storm water coming from the temple
premises was designed to be drained out to
Zone-III Primary and Secondary Drain and
Zone-IV Primary Drain. This work was
taken up and completed as a deposit work
from Housing and Urban Development
Department.
3. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 637 metres of Storm 2.15 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary Drain Water Drainage System was designed and
Zone-I (Withdrawal Portion for executed for Nabakalebara festival. The
Nabakalebar Urgency) total work has been completed. The area
covered Dadabadi Lane, Maruti Nagar and
Adarsha Nagar area. The work was planned
to address the storm water drainage
congestion of the localities as described.
This drain is part of the Primary Drain in
Zone-I
4. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A length of 630 metres of Storm Water 2.87 Completed
System of Puri Town of Primary and Drainage System was programmed for
Secondary Drain Zone-V (Withdrawal Nabakalebar. The work has been
Portion for Nabakalebar Urgency Part-II) completed. The area covers Prachi Square,
Light House and Sea Beach. The drain
outfalls into Mangala river. The work will
solve the storm water drainage congestion
of the locality. This drain is a part of the
Primary and Secondary Drain in Zone-V
5. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A length of 678 metres of Storm Water 3.89 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary and Drainage System was designed for
Secondary Drain Zone-V (Withdrawal Nabakalebar. The work has been
Portion for Nabakalebar Urgency Part-I) completed. The area covers Loknath
Temple area and Housing Board Colony.
11 http://www.nabakalebara.gov.in/projects/projects
The drain outfalls to Zone-V Primary

Drain. The drainage network will solve the
storm water drainage congestion of the
locality. This drain is a part of the Primary
and Secondary Drain in Zone-V
6. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A length of 1470 m of Storm Water 3.05 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary and Drainage System was designed for
Secondary Drain Zone-V (Withdrawal Nabakalebar 2015. The total work has been
Portion for Nabakalebar Urgency near completed. The area covers sea beach,
Sea beach) Swargadwara area, Satalahadi Matha. The
drain outfalls to Zone-V Primary Drain.
The work was to address the storm water
drainage congestion of the locality. This
drain is a part of the Primary and Secondary
Drain in Zone-V
7. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A length of 14624 metre was designed 2.86 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary and under JNNURM out of which 8459 m
Secondary Drain Zone-V including most essential parts for 1642 m
for Nabakalebar 2015 was completed by
June 2015. The area covers Sea Beach,
Badhei sahi, Bali Sahi, Mangala Ghata,
Mishra Sahi, Hatisala, Lokanath Temple
area, Baliapanda and Bidhabashrama area.
The drain outfalls to Mangala River at two
places one at Hotel Sterling Resort and the
other at Mangala Ghat. This was to address
the storm water drainage congestion of the
locality.
8. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 13603 m has been 3.87 Completed
System of Puri town of Secondary Drain programmed to be executed under
Zone-IV JNNURM out of which 7776 m including
most essential parts for 2130 m
programmed for Nabakalebar was
completed by the end of June 2015. The
area covers Mochi Sahi, Kachery Area, SCS
College area, VIP road, Fire Station, Police
Line and Sea Beach. The drain outfalls to
Primary Drain of Zone-IV.
System of Puri town of Primary Drain programmed to be executed under
Zone-IV JNNURM out of which 7665 m including
most essential parts for a length of 3271 m
as programmed for Nabakalebar 2015 was
area covers Wild Grass Lane, Mochi Sahi,
SCS College, Womens Hostel, Hotel May
fair Area, Sea Beach, Kacheri Area, Grand
Road, Red Cross Road, Railway Area. The
drain outfalls to Banki Muhan.
10. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 11693 m was designed to 1.49 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary & be executed under JNNURM out of which
Secondary Drain Zone-III 5602 m including most essential parts and
missing links for a length of 1112 m as
programmed for Nabakalebara 2015 was
area covers Makubana, Ganesh Jaga,
Bhoisahi, Sangram Club Lane, Bagha
Akhada Lane, Friends Club Lane, Grand

Road, Dolabedikona. The drainage system

outfalls to Musa River at four locations.
System of Puri town of Secondary Drain programmed to be executed under
Zone-II JNNURM out of which 11860 m including
most essential parts and missing links for a
length of 3031 m programmed for
Nabakalebar was completed by June 2015.
The drainage system outfalls to Zone-II
Primary Drain which will solve the storm
water drainage congestion of the locality
such as Penthakata, Block Colony,
Sreekhetra Colony, PKRIT Colony,
DhobaSahi, Railway Colony, CT Road,
Sarbodaya Nagar, GundichaVihar.
12. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 5212 m was desiged to be 5.39 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary Drain executed under JNNURM scheme out of
Zone-II which a length of 4313 m including most
essential parts and missing links for a length
of 1964 m as planned for Nabakalebar 2015
was completed by the end of June 2015.
The area covers ITI area, Block Colony,
Railway Area, Ashram chhak. The drainage
system outfalls to Banki Muhan at two
places.
13. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 4352 m was designed to be 0.87 Completed
System of Puri Town of Secondary Drain executed under JNNURM scheme out of
Zone-I which a length of 3291 m including 1398 m
length of drain as planned for Nabakalebar
2015 was completed by the end of June
2015. The area covers Kumutipatna,
MaitriVihar, Mangala Lane, Attakala Lane,
Behera Sahi and Sidhhamahavir. The
drainage system outfalls to Zone-I Primary
Drain. The work under this package will
solve the storm water drainage congestion
of the locality.
14. Construction of Storm Water Drainage A total length of 3131 m was designed to be 0.38 Completed
System of Puri town of Primary Drain executed under JNNURM scheme out of
Zone-I which 2051 m including most essential
parts for a length of 946 m as programmed
for Nabakalebar was completed by June
2015. The area covers Sidhhamahavir,
Dadabadi, Kumutipatna, Adarsha Nagar,
Maruti Nagar and Bank Colony. The
drainage system outfalls near Kaju factory
square by the side of main road near village
Samangara.
TOTAL 36.63

Department of Commerce & Transport 12

The Department of Commerce and Transport has
constructed a new Bus Stand named as Malatipatpur
Bus Stand on the outskirts of the Puri City which is
envisaged to be the main Bus Terminus for the city of
Puri after shifting the city Bus Terminus from Grand
Road near Gundicha Temple. The hardware and garage
activities concentrated in between Gundicha Temple
and Medical Square is also proposed to be shifted from
the Grand Road to this stand where 2 acre of land has
been acquired from SJTA (Shri Jagannatha Temple
Administration). It is also proposed to develop way side
amenities at the terminus. The remaining two project
are ongoing.
Table 4-6

Project
(In Cr.)
1. Malatipatpur Bus Stand, Puri To provide a modern Bus Terminus to 73.54 Completed
cater to large congregation of pilgrims
during Nabakalebar and to address the need
of growing pilgrims in the holy town of
Puri.
2. Tourist Complex at Puri A modern tourist complex has been 13.20 Ongoing
constructed with a covered area of 2800
square metres of resting space with 44
toilets and 32 bath rooms for pilgrims. This
complex can accommodate 5000 pilgrims
at one time.
3. Additional Traffic facility at Puri (Project Two additional platforms and two 18.00 Ongoing
of East Cost Railway) additional stabling lines have been added at
Puri Railway Station. Thus, the number of
platforms at Puri has increased from 6 to 8.
This additional facility is anticipated to
increase the train handling capacity at Puri
Railway Station by 25 percent. This will
enable increased train service to Puri and
passenger amenities at Puri Station.
TOTAL 104.74

4.4.6 AMRUT SCHEME
Atal Mission for rejuvenation and Urban Urban Transport

Transformation (AMRUT) is a scheme of Ministry
1. Ferry vessels for inland waterways (excluding port/bay
of Urban Development, Government of India
where the main components of AMRUT consists of infrastructure) and buses.
capacity building, reform implementation , water 2. Footpaths/ walkways, sidewalks, foot over bridges
supply, sewerage and septage management , storm and facilities for non-motorised transport (e.g.
water drainage, urban transport and development of bicycles).
green spaces and parks. 3. Multi-level parking.
4. Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)
The mission components are given below:
Green space and parks
Water Supply
1. Development of green space and parks with special
1. Water supply systems including augmentation of existing water provision for child-friendly components
supply , water treatment plants and universal metering
2. Rehabilitation of old water supply system, including treatment Reforms management & support
plants 1. Support structures, activities and funding support for reform
3. Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically for implementation.
drinking water supply and recharging of ground 2. Independent Reform monitoring agencies.
water.
4. Special water supply arrangements for difficult areas, hill and Capacity Building
coastal cities , including those having water quality problems(e.g.
3. This has two components-individual and institutional capacity
arsenic and fluoride)
building.
Sewarage 4. The capacity building will not be limited to the Mission Cities, but
will be extended to other ULBs as well.
1. Decentralised, networked underground sewerage systems, including 5. Continuation of the Comprehensive Capacity Building Programme
augmentation of existing sewerage systems and sewage treatment (CCBP) after its realignment towards the new Missions.
plants
2. Rehabilitation of old sewerage system and treatment plants Under Amrut scheme, while the river, parks and open
3. Recycling of water for beneficial purposes and reuse spaces, storm water drainage has been addressed but
of wastewater sweet water zone has not been addressed.
Septage It is recommended that the Sweet Water Zone, and

jagaghars landscaping should also be undertaken in this
1. Faecal Sludge Management-cleaning, transportation and scheme.
treatment in a cost-effective manner.
2. Mechanical and Biological cleaning of sewers and septic tanks and
recovery of operational cost in full.
Storm Water Drainage
1. Construction and improvement of drains and storm

water drains in order to reduce and eliminate
flooding

Following are the projects as proposed in the SAAP (State Annual Action Plan) for Puri as received from Puri
Municiplaity:
Urban Transport
S.No Project Name Estimated Cost
1 Construction & Renovation of Street Parking 1.08
2 Augmentation of City Bus Fleet 5.00
3 Preparation of DPR on City Mobility Plan 0.50
4 Construction of footpaths 3.17
5 Construction of MLP 2.50
6 Pilot Project - pedestrianization of Temple Road 10.00
7 Construction of Foot Over Bridges 2.00
8 Renovation of Bus Depot 0.20
Total 24.45
Parks
S.No. Project Name Estimated Cost
1 Renovation of Sarvodaya Park 0.24
2 Renovation of Dhipahjaga 0.20
3 Construction of Park in Puri at Shrikhetra Colony 0.22
4 Construction of Halusia Park 0.27
5 Renovation of Gandhi Park 0.51
6 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat 0.44
7 Construction of Park in Puri at Atharanala 0.44
Total 2.32
Water Supply
S.No. Project Name Estimated Included
Cost in SAAP
FY 15-16
Improvement of WS to Puri Rehabilitation P1 9.19
(existing consumenr metering)
Improvement of WS to Puri New P1 2.71
(clean water missing link)
Improvement of WS to Puri New P3 (power) 2.00
Improvement of WS to Puri New P4 (DG set) 2.00
Improvement of WS to Puri New P5 (ground water recharge) 13.00
Improvement of WS to Puri New P6 15.65
(new house connection)
Total 44.54

Storm Water Drainage

S.No. Project Name Physical Components Included in
Estimated
SAAP FY
Cost
15-16
1. Augmentation of SWD 1 Augmentation of SWD and Renovation of Musa river
in Puri in Zone 1 in Puri town
2 Construction of covered storm water drainage
49.43
network
3 Renovation of existing draings
4 Construction and arrangemenmt opf pumping station
2. Augmentation of SWD
19.72
in Puri in Zone 3
29.41
in Puri in Zone 5
1 Construction of covered storm water drainage
network 48.76
in Puri in Zone 4
2 Renovation of existing draings
42.27
in Puri in Zone 2
26.19
in Puri in Zone 6
Total 215.78
Map 4-14Priority Zones (Wards) for Storm Water Drainage under AMRUT Scheme

4.4.7 Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and

Spiritual Augmentation Drive
(PRASAD)
The Union Ministry of Tourism provides Central

Financial Assistance (CFA) to State The projects sanctioned under PRASAD scheme
Governments/Union Territory Administrations, for Puri is Infrastructure Development of Puri for
including the places of religious importance, for various which budget of 50.00 crores is the total amount
tourism projects in consultation with them subject to sanctioned out of which 10.00 crore have already
availability of funds, inter-se priority, liquidation of been released to the State Government.
pending utilization certificates and adherence to the
scheme guidelines.
Following are the components that would be eligible
For development of tourism infrastructure in the
for Central Financial Assisstance under the scheme:
country, the Ministry of Tourism has introduced two
new schemes in 2014-15 i.e. PRASAD- Pilgrimage Infrastructure Development
Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive.Under
PRASAD twelve cities have been identified for i. Development and upgradation of passenger
development initially, namely: Amritsar, Ajmer, terminal (road, rail, water, transport)
Dwaraka, Mathura, Varanasi, Gaya, Puri, Amaravati, ii. Procurement of equipment for ecofriendly modes
Kanchipuram, Vellankanni, Kedarnath and Guwahati. of tourist transport
Under Swadesh Darshan scheme, Spiritual Circuit has iii. Improvement of road connectivity leading to
been identified as theme circuit for development. tourist sites/destinations
iv. Use of clean energy sources for street lighting
v. Equipment for tourism activities such as sound and
light shows, water/ adventure sports, etc.
vi. Tourism Information /Interpretation Centre with
ATMs/money exchange counters
vii. Informatory/ Directional signages
viii. Wayside amenities with emergency vehicle
breakdown, repair and refuel facilities
ix. Infrastructure provision for stationing of caravan
vehicles
x. General improvements such as earth filling,
landscaping( including trees, shrubs), water
fountains, fencing, lighting, pavements/ walkways
/pathways/driveways, seating facilities/shelters,
drinking water points, garbage bins, storm water
drainage, treatment facilities for sewerage/effluent.
xi. External infrastructure such as water supply,
sewerage, drainage, electricity and roads.
xii. Restoration, conservation, illumination of
During the year 2015-16 under Budget Estimates monuments/heritage strcutures.
Rs.100.00 crore have been allocated for PRASAD to xiii. Renewable sources of energy for tourist
develop tourist destinations of global standards. infrastructure
xiv. Environmental care ans access to clean technology.

xv. Parking facilities for two wheeler, cars, buses and xxiv. Any other activity directly related to tourism
caravans. and reuired for development of the identified
xvi. Toilet cloak room facilities and waiting rooms circuit.
xvii. Construction of craft haats/bazaars/souvenior
shops/cafeteria.
xviii. Constrution of open air theatres and
amphitheatres
xix. Construction of natural trails, watch towers, rain
shelters, log huts.
xx. First Aid centre( including Indian Medicine Centre)
xxi. Helipads, heliports, airstrips, ropeways required for
tourists in the identified circuits.
xxii. Shoreline development & rejuvenation of natural
water bodies such as rivers, lakes, streams and
riverfronts.
xxiii. Improvement in communication through
telephones booths, mobile servicesand internet
connectivity, wi-fi hotspots.

Chapter Five
Stakeholders
Consultations
5.1. Consultation with Governing Bodies
5.2 Consultation with Local Community
Stakeholders Consultations
5 Stakeholders Consultation
Development program covered under the City for Rath Yatra) for the Grand Road was also suggested.
HRIDAY Scheme is primarily infrastructure in heritage Regarding the issue of vendors, the possibility of
areas. These could include the domain of physical, providing a uniform design for stalls, responsive to the
social, institutional as well as economic infrastructure, cultural identity of Puri was deliberated upon. Further,
making it possible for positively influence the quality of providing dedicated markets for handicrafts, pooja
life and livelihoods of the large populace that thrive in items, sweets etc. was an avenue open for exploration,
heritage cities. Thus, in order for the project to be truly in terms of interventions affecting the economy of the
responsive to the needs of the heritage zones and the city. The visual chaos created by advertisement and
communities impacted by the heritage resource, it has commercial signage was another issue was
been a primary concern for the team deployed by the recommended to be addressed though policy level
HRIDAY City Anchor in Puri to communicate with interventions.
citizens and city representatives in great depths, not
only to grasp the emerging issue but also to propose Development of strategically positioned open
holistic sustainable solutions, in a way that would be space of the Jagannath Ballav Matha was
economical, environmental and equitable at large. recommended. Enhancement of recreational parks
and gardens was also recommended for
5.1 Consultation with Governing consideration. Environmentally appropriate
development of the beach with suitable lighting
Bodies design, street furniture and landscape was
The team deployed on site by the HRIDAY City recommended for inclusion in the shelf of projects.
Anchor remained in continuous communication, and Keeping in mind the sensitive nature of marine ecology,
had multiple meetings with the Chief Executive Officer, Mr Agarwal suggested the formation of a legal
Puri Municipality and City Mission Directorate for the framework for regulations for development of hotels
HRIDAY Scheme Mr. Manish Agarwal. The along the sea front. In relation to the environment, he
meetings took place at the Puri Municipality Office, on endorsed legal frameworks prohibiting building
dates 04.06.2015, 11.08.2015 and 17.08.2015, where activities in and around the sweet water zones. It was
initiation of the dialogue regarding heritage also stated by Mr Agarwal that site specific
components of Puri in need of immediate attention, conservation interventions were required for
along with possible strategies to achieve them took Mathas (such as Shankaracharya Matha and Gambhira
place. The Grand Road and periphery of Shree Matha) and the 5 holy water tanks which could then
Jagannath Temple emerged as an area which requires be connected through heritage walks for the benefit of
prime attention. pilgrims and tourists in the city. On a city level, a
Development of urban design guidelines that would Mobility Plan was required for the city that
unify the cityscape, particularly in this heritage area, incorporated environmentally sustainable transport
through moderation of faade and skyline was sought options such as e-rickshaws. Again, on a city level, an
by the City Mission Directorate. Need for guidelines illumination plan and beautification project for streets
responsive to the emerging activities on the road was was vital. It was advocated that retrofitting of existing
also identified as an area of intervention. Delineation of services be employed to achieve these goals.
specific vending zones with provision of necessary Consultation with Mr Agarwal assisted in the
infrastructure was also an identified requirement along identification of Heritage Zones in the city as Heritage
the Grand Road. The inclusion of edge treatment Zone including Shri Jagannatha temple, Bada Danda
(covering storm water drains), improvement of and other areas, the Environmental Zone including the
footpaths and formation of parking policies (especially traditional water systems, and the third zone related to

the Sea Beach. A map of the city was requested from considered as part of the HRIDAY program as the
the City Mission Directorate. The directorate was also Mathas are traditional social infrastructure and heritage
requested for information related to the infrastructure of immense value. Conservation of water tanks was
works, already implemented and proposed including discussed, the challenges of the past interventions and
details of periodic maintenance and upkeep. Overall, it condition of the structures and water quality was
was desirable that the development of Puri be a holistic discussed thread bare. It was suggested that the
endeavor, keeping in mind both nature, urbanity and Indradyumna Water Tank be conserved as part of
heritage values that the city is endowed with. the HRIDAY project and a template be developed
(toolkit) that can be followed in future for the
Prior to the formation of CLAMC, a meeting was held conservation of all other tanks in the city. Matter
on 15.08.2015, at the Special Circuit House, Puri where related to delineation of a heritage route was also
key member of the Municipality were present. The discussed as it was a felt need that visitors tend to miss
projects identified through discussions with Mr. Manish out information on sites of heritage significance. In
Agarwal were reaffirmed. A list of heritage buildings addition to these, the Loknath Temple was identified as
was requested from the city. The HRIDAY city anchor a significant heritage component of the city and that
was requested to develop this list keeping in view the there was a need for a comprehensive master plan for
list of protected monuments by ASI, State Department facility development and visitor management plan for
of Archaeology and INTACH. Conservation works the site and its setting.
undertaken in the past were discussed, specifically those
involving the conservation of mathas. The HCA was In the meeting with Municipal Councilor Mr. Bhakta
informed that works in the past had been undertaken to Das at Nilachal Bhakta Nivas, on 18.08.2015, much
conserve the mathas. This was under the financial emphasis was placed on the need for tourists
support provided in the 12th Finance Commission but interpretation centre at Puri. Mr. Das shed light on the
the work was not completed and therefore could be need for a city level recreational and cultural park and a
Image 5-1 Meeting with Key Municipal Authorities, Special Circuit House, Puri, 15.08.2015

well-researched museum on the Cult of Jagannath, for conservation of the water system of the city (the Musa
the benefit of citizens and visitors alike. He also river, allied sacred water tanks, de-silting and
suggested the renovation of Annapurna Theatre as the revitalization of the pokharis, particularly those
auditorium dedicated to cultural shows. With regard to connected with Jagagharas and Akhadas as well as
issues of mobility in the city, he recommended the improvement with provision of related amenities for
relocation of the city bus stand from Grand Road to the the local community), conservation of 5 mathas
terminus at Maltipatpur and also recommended (namely Dakshin Parshva Matha, Raghav Das Matha,
relocating the city auto repair centre there. Echoing all Bada Odiya Matha, Ganga Mata Matha and Bauli
other stakeholders, he reiterated the issues that the city Matha) as first part of the project and the conservation
faces owing to ill managed vending on streets and and environmental improvement of sweet water zones
sought a planned intervention towards solving this through landscape intervention. Given that the
situation. Atharanala is the historic entrance into the Puri historic
town and therefore making the Musa River an
In the discussion following the presentation by the important place for experience of heritage city, Mr
HCA on the occasion of the 1st City Level Advisory Maheswar Mohanty, Member of Legislative Assembly
and Monitoring Committee (CLAMC) meeting on from Puri recommended the need for development of
04.09.2015, at the D.R.DA. Auditorium, several the Musa river water front for recreational activities for
projects emerged from the discussion. The list of both local community and visitors.
projects that were agreed upon by CLAMC as a
commendable shelf of HRIDAY projects included the
Image 5-2 CLAMC Meeting, D.R.DA. Auditorium, Puri, 04.09.2015


In the meeting with Gajapati Maharaja Divya Singh Dev interpretation, exhibition space and a platform for light
that took place on 08.09.2015 at his residence in and sound show, to the complex. This was
Bhubaneswar, it was suggested that interventions recommended as the temple is not in active use through
through the City HRIDAY plan must bear in mind that most part of the year and the temple is a place of
with the increasing recreational tourism activity, Puri is worship only when Lord Jagannatha visits the temple
essentially still a place of immense significance for for a week during the Ratha Yatra. Several parts of the
pilgrimage with spirituality at the core. As a possible temple complex such as the Anand bazaar are
way to retrieve the intangible cultural heritage of the underutilized spaces through the rest of the year. As a
city, he suggested development of a Cultural Ring connector between the Cultural Ring and Gundicha
(protective zone housing related activities) where Temple, he recommended that the Bada Danda
visitors could experience ancient rites and rituals requires attention through the organization of parking,
associated with Shree Jagannath Temple, which could vending, ingress egress of traffic. As a large open space
be housed within the various mathas and temples. This, on the Bada Danda, he proposed the development of
he suggested, required the engagement of the Shri Jagannath Ballav Matha Complex with multilevel car
Jaggannath Temple Trust, The Department of parking, provided with visitor amenities, handicraft
Endowment and the Mathas. shopping centres, and as a centerpiece a heritage park
to provide information and interpretation of the Shri
Gajapati Maharaja also suggested that the Gundicha Jagannath temple especially for those who are otherwise
Temple precinct, significant owing to the fact that Lord not permitted to enter the temple complex as a cultural
Jagannath was conceived there, be used as a space for practice.
Map 5-1 Mathas in Puri


Image 5-3 Consultation with Gajapati Maharaja

List of meetings and projects identified through consultation with Governing bodies:
Sl Venue and Date Attendees Projects Identified

No.
1. Puri Municipality Mr. Manish Agarwal, Faade development guidelines for the
Office, Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality, city (more specifically the Bada Danda)
04.06.2015 City Mission Directorate, Hriday Scheme and maintaining uniform skyline
Design guidelines for moveable kiosk
Mr. Salim Altaf, Urban Planner, City Anchor
for Bada Danda and the Sea front
representative, IPE Global Pvt. Ltd.
Development of Jagannath Ballav
Ms. Anukta Das, Regional Planner, IPE Matha - pleasure garden of Lord
Global Pvt. Ltd. Jagannatha as a heritage site
Conservation and development of
Shankaracharya Matha
Conservation and development of the
Chaitanya Pitha
Provision for heritage walks

Delineation of vending zones
Conservation of Panch Pushkarni the
five sacred water tanks
Destination development of Puri
Development of beach (lights; bay
seats, beautification, provision of
visitor amenities and other
improvement)
2. Puri Municipality Mr. Manish Agarwal, Introduction of e-rickshaws as part of
Office, Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality, mobility plan
11.08.2015 City Mission Directorate, Hriday Scheme Guidelines and policies for faade
development along Grand Road
Ms. Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect, Beautification and lighting projects for
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. streets
Development of recreational parks and
Ms. Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt. gardens
Ltd. Delineation of heritage circuits
Urban design guidelines for the temple
periphery
Retrofitting of existing services such as
the sewerage system
Parking policies along the Bada Danda,
particularly for Rath Yatra
Interventions in vending zones at
Beach road and Grand road
Dedicated markets for handicrafts,
pooja offerings, sweets etc.
Provision of footpaths
Development of Regulation for hotels
along the beach
Prohibition of building activities
around sweet water zones
Provision of transport related
infrastructure in the direction of
expansion of the city
Bring up to date the CRZs
3. Special Circuit Mr. Pinaki Mishra, M.P. (LS), Puri Conservation of Mathas
House, Puri, Heritage/ Spiritual Route
15.08.2015 Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri Conservation of Indradyumna Tank (as
a template) and other water tanks
Mr. Aravind Agrawal, D.M., Puri
Master plan for Loknath Temple

Dr. U. Ch. Majhi, A.D.M., Puri

Mr. Jayanta Kumar Sarangi, Chairman, Puri

Municipality
Mr. Manish Agarwal, E.O., Puri Municipality

City Mission Directorate, Hriday Scheme
Mr. A. K. Sorain, Add. Tdr, Puri
Mr. Pabitra Mandal, Secretary, P.K.D.A
Mr. L. P. Patnaik, Planning Member, P.K.D.A.
Mr. Purna Chandra Gochikar, Tech. Asst.,

P.K.D.A
Mr. N. K. Sahoo, Dist. Cultural Officer, Puri
Mr. Vijay Jena, Dist. Tourist Officer, Puri
Er. Srinibash Das, Asst. Manager CESU,

P.E.D., Puri
Er. A. K. Mishra, Asst. Manager CESU,

P.E.D., Puri
Mr. P. K. Hota, Administrator (Dev), S.J.T.A.,

Puri
Mr. Sanjay Mishra, O.S.D.
Ms. Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor,

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Ms. Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect,

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Ms. Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt.

Ltd
Mr. Pradipta Kr. Ghosh, Architect, CRCI

India Pvt. Ltd
Mr. Dhiraj Jasutkar, Architectural Trainee,

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
4. Puri Municipality Mr Manish Agarwal, Chief Executive Officer, Identification of heritage Zones as :
Office, Puri Municipality. City Mission Directorate,
17.08.2015 Hriday Scheme Zone I - Sankha Kshetra Heritage
Zone (sub zones Sri Jagannath
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, temple to Gundicha temple; Historic
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. Setting of Sri Jagannath Temple
(comprising Sahis)
Ms Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect,
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. Zone II Environmental Zone (River
and tanks)
Zone III Marine Drive Road
Zone IV Chakratirtha Road
Creation of a comprehensive city map
of Puri
City level Illumination Plan
Policy for vending zones,
advertisements, street hawkers.
water tanks.
beach
Mobility Plan for the city
Details for the improvement of the
pathways over drains at Grand Road
and integration with the Grand Road
development strategy
5. Special Circuit Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri
House, Puri,
17.08.2015 Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor,
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd.
Briefing about projects.
6. Shri Jagannath Mr.P.K. Hota, Shri Jagannath Temple

Administration, Puri Renovation of Niladri Vihar inside the
Temple
Shri Jagannath temple complex.

Administration Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor,

office, Grand CRCI India Pvt. Ltd.
Road, Puri, Redeveloped of garden at Jagannath
17.08.2015 Ballav Matha.
7. Collectors Mr. Sanjay Mishra, OSD, Collectors office,

Office, Puri, Puri
17.08.2015
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor,
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. Data collection.

8. Nilachal Bhakta Bhakta Das, Municipal Councilor, Puri City level cultural park
Nivas, Puri, Museum on the cult of Jagannath
18.08.2015 Ms. Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect, Interpretation centre for Puri in
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd Jagannath Ballab Matha
Renovation of Annapurna Theatre
Ms. Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt. Relocation of the auto repair centre at
Ltd Autonagar near Maltipatpur Bus
Station
Mr. Pradipta Kr. Ghosh, Architect, CRCI Shifting of bus stand from Bada Danda
India Pvt. Ltd to Maltipatpur

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd Planning for dedicated vending zone/s

9. Auditorium, Mr Pinaki Mishra, M.P. (LS), Puri

DRDA, Puri,
4.09.2015 Mr Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri The Projects that emerged from the
discussion and were collectively agreed
Mr Aravind Agrawal, Collector, Puri upon by the CLAMC as a
commendable shelf (first list) of
Mr Manish Agarwal, Executive Officer, Puri HRIDAY projects were as:
Municipality
Conservation and Revitalization of the
Mr Lingaraj Patnaik, Planning Member, traditional water system of the city
P.K.D.A. the Musa river, allied sacred water
tanks, de-silting and revitalization of
Mr Bijay Kr Jena, Dist. Tourist Officer, Puri the pokharis (particularly those
connected with jagagharas and
Mr Siva Pr. Swain, Executive Engineer, CESU, akhadas) and improvement of the
Puri water front of the Musa river including
beautification of the river front as
Mr Pradipta Kr Satpathy, Project Director, tourism destination.
D.R.D.A.
Mr P. K. Hota, Administrator (Dev), S.J.T.A.,

Puri Conservation of 5 Mathas: Dakshin
Parshva Matha, Raghav Das Matha,
Mr Subhananda Mahapatra, Tahasildar, Puri Bada Odiya Matha, Ganga Mata Matha
and Bauli Matha as phase I of the
Mr Niroj Kr Dash, Executive Engineer, R&B, conservation initiative
Puri Conservation of sweet water zones
through landscape intervention
Mr Nalini Kanta Sahoo, Dist. Cultural Officer,
Puri
Mr Manoranjan Samal, Additional S.P of

Police, Puri
Mr Deba Prasad Mohanty, Asst. Executive

Engineer, PHD, Puri
Mr Bijay Kr Sahoo, Asst. Executive Engineer,

RWSS, Puri
Mr R. N Mohapatra, General Manager, DIC
Mr D. Pati, Inspector, DIC
Mr. Srinibash Das, Asst. Manager CESU, Puri

Mr Purna Chandra Gochhikar, Tech. Asst.,

P.K.D.A

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Ms Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt.

Ltd
Mr Pradipta Kr. Ghosh, Architect, CRCI India

Pvt. Ltd
Mr B.K Rath, Archaeologist, Advisory to

HCA
10. P.K.D.A Office, Mr Lingaraj Patnaik, Planning Member,
07.09.2015 P.K.D.A.

P.K.D.A
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, Data Collection

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Mr Rahul Dalal, Planner, StudioPOD
Ms Mansi Sahoo, Urban Designer,

StudioPOD
11. Puri, 08.09.2015 Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, Revitalization of Jaga gharas.

12. Bhubaneswar Gajapati Divya Singh Dev, King of Puri

residence of Revitalization of Puri as primarily a
Gajapati Divya Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, centre of spirituality
Singh Dev CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
08.09.2015
Self-sustaining cultural ring around
Mr. B. K Rath, Archeologist
Jagannath Temple involving mathas
and their religious activities

Ms Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect, Revitalization of Gundicha Temple

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd Complex with interpretation centre,
exhibition space, light and sound show.
Ltd Organized vending, traffic movement,
and parking on the Bada Danda

Matha Complex with improved visitor
amenities and infrastructure, handicraft
shopping centres, and a heritage park
for accessible information on the cult
of Shri Jagannath Temple

Sl Venue and Date Attendees Projects Identified

No.
1. Puri Municipality Mr. Manish Agarwal, Faade development guidelines for the
Office, Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality, city (more specifically the Bada Danda)
04.06.2015 City Mission Directorate, Hriday Scheme and maintaining uniform skyline
Design guidelines for moveable kiosk
Mr. Salim Altaf, Urban Planner, City Anchor
for Bada Danda and the Sea front
representative, IPE Global Pvt. Ltd.
Ms. Anukta Das, Regional Planner, IPE Matha - pleasure garden of Lord
Global Pvt. Ltd. Jagannatha as a heritage site
Shankaracharya Matha
Conservation and development of the
Chaitanya Pitha
Provision for heritage walks
Delineation of vending zones
Conservation of Panch Pushkarni the
five sacred water tanks
Destination development of Puri
Development of beach (lights; bay
seats, beautification, provision of
visitor amenities and other
improvement)
2. Puri Municipality Mr. Manish Agarwal, Introduction of e-rickshaws as part of
Office, Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality, mobility plan
11.08.2015 City Mission Directorate, Hriday Scheme Guidelines and policies for faade
development along Grand Road
Ms. Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect, Beautification and lighting projects for
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. streets
Development of recreational parks and
Ms. Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt. gardens
Ltd. Delineation of heritage circuits
Urban design guidelines for the temple
periphery
Retrofitting of existing services such as
the sewerage system
Parking policies along the Bada Danda,
particularly for Rath Yatra
Interventions in vending zones at
Beach road and Grand road
Dedicated markets for handicrafts,
pooja offerings, sweets etc.
Provision of footpaths

Development of Regulation for hotels

along the beach
Prohibition of building activities
around sweet water zones
Provision of transport related
infrastructure in the direction of
expansion of the city
Bring up to date the CRZs
3. Special Circuit Mr. Pinaki Mishra, M.P. (LS), Puri Conservation of Mathas
House, Puri, Heritage/ Spiritual Route
15.08.2015 Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri Conservation of Indradyumna Tank (as
a template) and other water tanks
Mr. Aravind Agrawal, D.M., Puri
Dr. U. Ch. Majhi, A.D.M., Puri
Mr. Jayanta Kumar Sarangi, Chairman, Puri

Municipality
Mr. Manish Agarwal, E.O., Puri Municipality

City Mission Directorate, Hriday Scheme
Mr. A. K. Sorain, Add. Tdr, Puri
Mr. Pabitra Mandal, Secretary, P.K.D.A
Mr. L. P. Patnaik, Planning Member, P.K.D.A.

P.K.D.A Master plan for Loknath Temple
Mr. N. K. Sahoo, Dist. Cultural Officer, Puri
Mr. Vijay Jena, Dist. Tourist Officer, Puri
Er. Srinibash Das, Asst. Manager CESU,

P.E.D., Puri
Er. A. K. Mishra, Asst. Manager CESU,

P.E.D., Puri

Mr. P. K. Hota, Administrator (Dev), S.J.T.A.,

Puri
Mr. Sanjay Mishra, O.S.D.
Ms. Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor,

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Ms. Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect,

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Ms. Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt.

Ltd
Mr. Pradipta Kr. Ghosh, Architect, CRCI

India Pvt. Ltd

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
4. Puri Municipality Mr Manish Agarwal, Chief Executive Officer, Identification of heritage Zones as :
Office, Puri Municipality. City Mission Directorate,
17.08.2015 Hriday Scheme Zone I - Sankha Kshetra Heritage
Zone (sub zones Sri Jagannath
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, temple to Gundicha temple; Historic
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. Setting of Sri Jagannath Temple
(comprising Sahis)
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. Zone II Environmental Zone (River
and tanks)
Zone III Marine Drive Road
Zone IV Chakratirtha Road
Creation of a comprehensive city map
of Puri
City level Illumination Plan
Policy for vending zones,
advertisements, street hawkers.
water tanks.
beach
Mobility Plan for the city
Details for the improvement of the
pathways over drains at Grand Road
and integration with the Grand Road

5. Special Circuit Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri

House, Puri,
17.08.2015 Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor,
Briefing about projects.
6. Shri Jagannath Mr.P.K. Hota, Shri Jagannath Temple

Administration, Puri Renovation of Niladri Vihar inside the
Temple
Shri Jagannath temple complex.
Administration
office, Grand
Road, Puri,
17.08.2015 Redeveloped of garden at Jagannath
Ballav Matha.
7. Collectors Mr. Sanjay Mishra, OSD, Collectors office,

Office, Puri, Puri
17.08.2015
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. Data collection.

8. Nilachal Bhakta Bhakta Das, Municipal Councilor, Puri City level cultural park
Nivas, Puri, Museum on the cult of Jagannath
18.08.2015 Ms. Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect, Interpretation centre for Puri in
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd Jagannath Ballab Matha
Renovation of Annapurna Theatre
Ms. Parshati Dutta, Architect, CRCI India Pvt. Relocation of the auto repair centre at
Ltd Autonagar near Maltipatpur Bus
Station
Mr. Pradipta Kr. Ghosh, Architect, CRCI Shifting of bus stand from Bada Danda
India Pvt. Ltd to Maltipatpur

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd Planning for dedicated vending zone/s

9. Auditorium, Mr Pinaki Mishra, M.P. (LS), Puri

DRDA, Puri,
4.09.2015 Mr Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri The Projects that emerged from the
discussion and were collectively agreed
Mr Aravind Agrawal, Collector, Puri upon by the CLAMC as a
commendable shelf (first list) of
Mr Manish Agarwal, Executive Officer, Puri HRIDAY projects were as:
Municipality
Conservation and Revitalization of the
Mr Lingaraj Patnaik, Planning Member, traditional water system of the city
P.K.D.A. the Musa river, allied sacred water
tanks, de-silting and revitalization of
Mr Bijay Kr Jena, Dist. Tourist Officer, Puri the pokharis (particularly those
connected with jagagharas and
Mr Siva Pr. Swain, Executive Engineer, CESU, akhadas) and improvement of the
Puri water front of the Musa river including
beautification of the river front as
Mr Pradipta Kr Satpathy, Project Director, tourism destination.
D.R.D.A.
Mr P. K. Hota, Administrator (Dev), S.J.T.A.,

Puri Conservation of 5 Mathas: Dakshin
Parshva Matha, Raghav Das Matha,
Mr Subhananda Mahapatra, Tahasildar, Puri Bada Odiya Matha, Ganga Mata Matha
and Bauli Matha as phase I of the
Mr Niroj Kr Dash, Executive Engineer, R&B, conservation initiative
Puri Conservation of sweet water zones
through landscape intervention
Mr Nalini Kanta Sahoo, Dist. Cultural Officer,
Puri
Mr Manoranjan Samal, Additional S.P of

Police, Puri
Mr Deba Prasad Mohanty, Asst. Executive

Engineer, PHD, Puri
Mr Bijay Kr Sahoo, Asst. Executive Engineer,

RWSS, Puri
Mr R. N Mohapatra, General Manager, DIC
Mr D. Pati, Inspector, DIC
Mr. Srinibash Das, Asst. Manager CESU, Puri

Mr Purna Chandra Gochhikar, Tech. Asst.,

P.K.D.A

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

Ltd
Mr Pradipta Kr. Ghosh, Architect, CRCI India

Pvt. Ltd
Mr B.K Rath, Archaeologist, Advisory to

HCA
10. P.K.D.A Office, Mr Lingaraj Patnaik, Planning Member,
07.09.2015 P.K.D.A.

P.K.D.A
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, Data Collection

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
Mr Rahul Dalal, Planner, StudioPOD
Ms Mansi Sahoo, Urban Designer,

StudioPOD
11. Puri, 08.09.2015 Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri
Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, Revitalization of Jaga gharas.

12. Bhubaneswar Gajapati Divya Singh Dev, King of Puri

residence of Revitalization of Puri as primarily a
Gajapati Divya Ms Gurmeet S. Rai, HRIDAY City Anchor, centre of spirituality
Singh Dev CRCI India Pvt. Ltd
08.09.2015
Self-sustaining cultural ring around
Mr. B. K Rath, Archeologist
Jagannath Temple involving mathas
and their religious activities

Ms Saumya Tripathi, Conservation Architect, Revitalization of Gundicha Temple

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd Complex with interpretation centre,
exhibition space, light and sound show.
Ltd Organized vending, traffic movement,
and parking on the Bada Danda

Matha Complex with improved visitor
amenities and infrastructure, handicraft
shopping centres, and a heritage park
for accessible information on the cult
of Shri Jagannath Temple
*Refer Volume IV-Annexure for Details

5.2 Consultation with Local Community
Image 5-4 Introduction of HCA and the Local Community of Puri at the Independence Day Celebration of Rotary Club
Source: CRCI
The preliminary interaction between the city She welcomed suggestions from all attendees regarding
community of Puri and the Hriday City Anchors took heritage sites that they, as citizens of Puri, felt were in
place at the Independence Day Celebration Meet of the need of intervention and could be supported under the
Rotary Club of Puri. Ms. Gurmeet Rai introduced all Hriday scheme. Requesting their participation in the
attendees to the Hriday Scheme, and the scope that it project, Ms. Rai introduced Mr. Pradipta Kumar Ghosh
brought for the rejuvenation of heritage cities such as as the on-site architect for the HCA, who would be
Puri. She delineated the main zones identified under available to anybody wishing to address any heritage
this scheme in Puri as the Shankha Kshetra Heritage issue.
Zone encompassing the religious and heritage
structures such as temples, Mathas, jagagharas, akhadas A number of consultations took place with members of
and ashrams, the Environmental Heritage Zone the local community henceforth, in the various mathas,
encompassing the rivers and tanks, and the Recreational jagas, akhadas, libraries etc. visited, both by Ms. Rai and
Zone along the coastal edge. on site architect Mr. Ghosh, which have been enlisted
below:

Image 5-5 HCA holding stakeholders' consultation on site at Gangamata Matha and Jagaghara in, Puri
Image 5-6 Consultations with Matha residents and PKDA


Table 5-1 List of Consultation with local community
Consultations for Mathas
Sl. Date of Related Structures Name of the Person Designation

No Meeting
1 24.08.2015 Bada Akhada Matha Susant Kumar Panda Junior Manager

2 25.08.2015 Bada Chatta Matha Dr. Jagannath Das Maharaj Brother of the Matha
Mahanta
3 19.08.2015 Bada Jhadu Matha Jay Govind Ramanuj Das Matha Mahanta
4 16.08.2015 Bada oriya Matha Sanjay Kumar Parida Pujari
5 24.08.2015 Bada Sant Matha Shree Barna Senapati Local Sahi people
6 19.08.2015 Balaram Koth Matha Raghubir Das Matha Mahanta
7 06.09.2015 Baoli Matha Satyanarayan Dash Matha Mahanta
Akshay Kumar Dash Manager
8 25.08.2015 Chota Chatta Matha Shree Raambhushan Dash Matha Mahanta
Ramdayal Das Bhakta or the Sishya
9 17.08.2015 Dakshin Parshya Matha Gopinath Dixit Pujari
Shyamshundar Dubey Chota Maharaj
10 18.08.2015 Emar Matha Shree Raj Gopal das Matha Mahanta
Damodar Pandey Pujari
11 26.08.2015 Gangamata Matha Harihar Das Matha Mahanta
Rajesh Sharma Resident of Matha
12 09.09.2015 Gopal Tirtha Matha Gouranga Mahapatra Caretaker of Matha
13 21.08.2015 Jagannatha Ballava Matha Krishna Mahapatra Local of the Sahi
Akshay Kumar Rathasharma Pujari
14 01.09.2015 Kaushalya Das Matha Shree Brajabihari Das Matha Mahanta
15 08.09.2015 Khajuriya Matha Bishyambar Dash Pujari
Anam Dolui Supervisor
16 08.09.2015 Mahiprakash Matha Shree Khitish Chandra Dash Teacher of Saraswati
Sishumandir
17 08.09.2015 Naga Matha Shree Krishnachaitanya Matha Mahanta
Dash
18 07.09.2015 Nandini Matha Kishor Chandra Dash Matha Mahanta
19 19.08.2015 Narasighachari Matha Bhagyio Ydaya Das Pujari
20 27.08.2015 Papudia Matha Dinabandhu Padhi Bidyarthi
Bidyabhishan Khadange Junior manager
21 20.08.2015 Punjabi Matha Chittaranjan Panigrahi Supervisor
22 27.08.2015 Radhaballabha Matha Maharaj Ramkrishna Das Matha Mahanta
23 22.08.2015 Radhakanta Matha Maleshwar Rao Patra Manager
24 29.08.2015 Ramanuj Kota Matha Shree Bhaskar Ramanuj Das Pujari
25 07.09.2015 Ramji Matha Akhilendra Sashani Bidyarthi

26 20.08.2015 Rewasa Matha Raghabebdra Prapanna Matha Mahanta

Ramanuj Das
27 29.08.2015 Samadhi Matha Madhab Prapanna Ramanuj Matha Mahanta
Das.
28 26.08.2015 Shankaracharya Matha Bipin Mohanti Office worker
29 09.09.2015 Shankarananda Matha Jagannath Pal Pujari
30 23.08.2015 Shree Chaitanya Gaudia Bhaki Vivek Paramarthi Matha Mahanta
Matha
31 22.08.2015 Siddha Bakula Matha Srinibas Das. Matha Mahanta
32 06.09.2015 Tota Gopinath Matha Shree Braja Ballav Dash Pujari
33 24.08.2015 Trimali Matha Binapani Das Wife of the Mahanta
Tank
34 23.09.2015 Parvati Sagar Tank Munna Panda Pujari of the Lokanath

Temple
Jaga
35 24.09.2015 Jhati Jaga Shree Madhab Panda Secretary
36 29.09.2015 Barabati Jaga Shree Krushnachandra Secretary
Pratihari
Gopal Chandra Mahapatra President
37 29.09.2015 Bada Akhada Jaga Aniruddha Raut Secretary
38 30.09.2015 Tapang Jaga Madan Mohan Khuntiya Secretary
39 29.09.2015 Jami Khuntiya Jaga Shree Madhab Puja Panda Secretary
Satyanarayan Guru Asst. Secretary
40 29.09.2015 Dikshit Bada Pokhodi Jaga Ram Narayan Nanda Secretary
Deepak Kumar Dikshit Asst. Secretary
41 28.09.2015 Dweri Jaga Dewana Behra Secretary
42 03.10.2015 Khas Jaga Raghunath Khuntiya Secretary
43 03.10.2015 Sankata Jaga Laxminarayan Khuntiya Secretary
44 03.10.2015 Jamangada Jaga Satyanarayana Panda Secretary
45 06.10.2015 Dubei Jaga Debasish Mishra Secretary
46 05.10.2015 Kalikakote Jaga Chandra Sekhar Khuntiya Secretary
*Refer Volume IV Annexure for Details


Chapter Six
Projection and
Infrastructure Gap
Assessment
6.1. Traffic and Transportation
6.2 Cultural & Traditional Social

Infrastructure
6.3. Gap Analysis

Projection and Infrastructre Gap Assessment
6 Projection and Infrastructure Gap

Assessment (City Level)
6.1 Traffic & Transportation
Puri being a temple town attracts a large volume of river Musa after moving across the historic bridge of
pilgrims and visitors who travel to the city by rail or Atharanala.
road. The main artery which leads to the city is the
National Highway number 203 (NH 203) which is the Under the City Development Plan 2041, the following
main link between Puri and Bhubaneshwar connecting projects have been proposed:
the small settlement of Raghurajpur and Pipli in
1. Up gradation and extension of road network
between.
system
The studies at the city level revealed the need for an 2. Development of new road alignment linking
improvement mobility plan to address both mass Marine Drive to NH 203 towards Brahmagiri
transport system, need for augmentation of the parking 3. Procurement and operationalization of
facility for the private vehicles as well as improved public transportation system for the city
quality of infrastructure for pedestrians. It is also 4. Bus Rapid Transit system for Puri
important to note that large numbers of people in Puri 5. Junction improvement of Police Station
move on two wheeler, primarily cycles and motor Chowk, Hospital square, Railway road
cycles. Rickshaws and auto rickshaws are currently the junction, Netaji statue square, Chaitanya square
most popular mode for public transport within the and Ghoda bazaar square.
historic area- linking Shri Jagannatha temple with the 6. Beautification of entry and exit points in
outer parts of the city as well as for mobility on the Puri
Grand Road itself. It is therefore necessary to consider 7. Development of road safety facilities
the complexity of spatial morphology, both historic and 8. Parking management provisions at
new parts of the city while developing a strategy for Jagannatha Ballabh Matha, Marine Drive
transport. road, Gundicha Tempe and Chandrabhaga
road.
A bypass as envisioned in the Draft Master Plan 2031 9. Automobile park
has been completed till the Brahmagiri road which is in 10. Construction of elevated corridor at
the process of being implemented and will connect till Swargdwar and Marine Drive.
the Beach Road. This road was planned to remove the 11. Augmentation of Street Lighting system
intensity of traffic from the road which currently leads
to the city and required to enter the city from across the The movement plan during the Rath Yatra indicates the
existing feasible circuits for both mass transport, private
vehicles and light public and private conveyances.

Projection and Infrastructure Gap Assessment
Map 6-1Parking provision during Rathayatra


Map 6-2 Pedestrian Movement during Rathayatra


Map 6-3 Movement pattern

Sorce: Project Team

6.1.1 Mobility Plan

To improve the mobility in Puri Konark Development implementation of the project be undertaken on DPR
region the Draft Comprehensive Development Plan basis in Phase II.
2031 proposes the following projects to be undertaken:
1. Improvement of roads (24 m, 18 m and 12

metres width) to improve the connectivity at
regional, zonal and neighbourhood level.
2. Development of Bus Rapid Transit System
3. Puri Konark Shuttle service
4. Solar ferry service
5. Proposed Bus stand and Terminal Facility
6. Parking Proposals
Three widths of roads are proposed in the proposed

land use and mobility plan of PKDA region, namely,
24m wide, 18m wide and 12m wide. These widths are
recommended to be considered and applied to both
existing and proposed roads.
The proposed BRT is hybrid in a way that the stretch

of the BRT along the Marine Drive road is that of
mixed BRT wherein the buses do not have a dedicated
lane, but mix with the general traffic. The proposed
plan identifies that on the northern part of the town
Image 6-1 reference images for BRTS Proposal
along the Puri Konark road, the possibility of a Source: Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031
dedicated median lane BRT should be explored. The
images indicate the roads with mixed and dedicated
BRT for Puri.
The proposed mobility plan with an estimated cost for

BRTS is 21151 lakhs1. Is envisioned in two stages. It is
proposed to do a detailed study in Phase I and
Figure 6-1 the proposed road section for BRTS for 24mtrs road width
1"Intra Region Connectivity." Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031. Vol.

Volume II Part B. Puri Konark Development Authority, 2013. 197. Print.
6.1.2 Road Widening Activity- as part of a

road strengthening initiative of the
Local government
Puri city functions today, as it has for the past several new parts of the city while developing a strategy for
centuries (almost a thousand years), with the Shree transport.
Jagannatha Temple at its heart and peoples lives
revolving around it in totality. This extraordinary Through a well-meaning initiative of the government,
relationship between the temple and the community has there has been road widening activity around the
crafted the citys sacred geography and endowed it with Jagannath Temple2, due to which the facades of many
an architectural expression that has been appreciated of the mathas in the temple periphery such as Uttar
through centuries by academicians and professionals, Parsva Matha, Dakshin Parsva Matha and Emar Matha
alike. have been lost. Our studies reveal that this is an
irrevocable loss.
HRIDAY scheme gives the opportunity to address the
potential of the city in a holistic manner, through Further road widening exercises are intended, primarily
planning interventions for both infrastructure for the Swargdwar Road that would comprise the 300
development and conservation initiatives. m Buffer Zone of the Jagannath Temple and beyond.
As indicated city level studies, this road is particularly
As described above studies at the city level revealed the rich in heritage and lined by a number of mathas,
need for an improvement mobility plan to address both including the Gambhira Radhakanta Math (protected
mass transport system, need for augmentation of the by Odisha State Archaeology), Ganga Mata Math, Kabir
parking facility for the private vehicles as well as Matha, Bauli Matha, Ramanuj Kota Matha, Basudev
improved quality of infrastructure for pedestrians. It is Ashram and other important heritage structures
also important to note that large numbers of people in besides. While most of the buildings, along this stretch,
Puri move on two wheeler, primarily cycles and motor may be affected by the widening of this road, the impact
cycles. Rickshaws and auto rickshaws are currently the will be direct, and particularly severe on the
most popular mode for public transport within the aforementioned mathas, as they sit along this road itself.
historic area- linking Shri Jagannath temple with the
outer parts of the city as well as for mobility on the
Grand Road itself. It is therefore necessary to consider
the complexity of spatial morphology, both historic and
2 The temple being an A.S.I. Protected Monument has a 300 m notified the Director-General, as the case may be, is satisfied that--(a) it is necessary or expedient
Buffer Area around it as specified in Prohibited and Regulated Areas: 20A and for carrying out such public work or any project essential to the public; or(b) such other
20B of The Ancient Monuments and Archeological Sites and Remains Act, work or project, in its opinion, shall not have any substantial adverse impact on the
1958. 20A states that Every area, beginning at the limit of the protected area or the preservation, safety, security of, or, access to, the monument or its immediate surroundings,
protected monument, as the case may be, and extending to a distance of one hundred metres it or he may, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), in exceptional cases
in all directions shall be the prohibited area in respect of such protected area or protected and having regard to the public interest, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing,
monument: Provided that the Central Government may, on the recommendation of the permit, such public work or project essential to the public or other constructions, to be
Authority, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify an area more than one hundred carried out in a prohibited area and 20B states that, Every area beginning at the
metres to be the prohibited area having regard to the classification of any protected limit of prohibited area in respect of every ancient monument and archeological site and
monument or protected area, as the case may be, under section 4A. (2) Save as otherwise remains declared as on national importance under sections 3 and 4 and extending to a
provided in section 20C, no person, other than an archaeological officer, shall carry out distance of two hundred metres in all directions and shall be the regulated area in respect
any construction in any prohibited area. (3) In a case where the Central Government or of every ancient monument and archeological site and remains. (Attached as Annexure
II)
Thus the notion of the historic built fabric surrounding

the temple and acting as a buffer is not a novel idea, but
one derived from the traditional cultural system itself.
Thus, any kind of road widening exercise without
careful deliberation of its impact on this historic fabric
is sure to prove problematic and go down in history as
a rash intervention into the historic precinct of Puri.
In context of the recent transformations that have been

happening in the city, particularly in relation to the
irreverent demolition of building facades and mathas
intrinsically linked to the history, culture and legacy of
Sri Jagannatha temple which now may be replaced with
modern architecture of incompatible sensibilities with
the tradition (as seen in the case of the new construction
of the faade of Emar matha), one is reminded of
Winston Churchills observation,
We shape our buildings, and afterwards,

our buildings shape us.
The above described alteration to the sacred geography
will lead to the erosion of Puris many layers of heritage These challenges are similar to those faced in historic /
and will be an irreversible loss to the cultural legacy. sacred Indian cities being experienced in other parts of
the world as well. The road widening as an intervention
Puri is can be visualized as a lotus, with the eight sahis for development so as to augment vehicular or
(Harachandi, Baseli, Kundhei Benta, Hara Gauri, pedestrian movement at the cost of compromising
Markandeshwar, Chudanga, Bali and Mati Mandapa) historic fabric is not considered as an option at all. Most
representing petals of the lotus, surrounding the temple historic cities provide for modern needs with means
at its core the Jagannath Mandir, where Pursottama sympathetic to both people and heritage while
resides with his wife, Goddess Lakshmi. addressing key issues of needs of local community,
visitor movement, disaster preparedness and
Moreover, the Swargdwar Road connecting the temple emergency access.
to the sea can be perceived as the stalk, attaching the
lotus to the water. The eight petals represent the eight The P.K.D.A. Building Regulations hold provision and
Shaktis of Vishnu (Vimala, Utkarsini, Jnana, Kriya, draw attention of planners to the fact that any road
Yoga, Prahvi, Satya and Isana) and also symbolizes the widening activity needs to be undertaken based on a
eight weapons of Purosottama (ankusa, musala, khadga, thorough understanding of the heritage value of the
cakra, pasa, sankha, dhanuh-sara and gada)3. built fabric that will be affected by it, and meticulously
following a particular methodology4. This injunction
3 Origin and Antiquity. Cultural Heritage of Odisha. Volume XII. Puri 4 Clause 1.9 under Road Widening in P.K.D.A. Building Regulation, 2015
District (Part III). Bhubaneswar. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti states that (i) If road widening lines are proposed under the Master Plan,
Sansad, 2010. 15. Print. they shall be such that they protect and not detract from the said heritage
sites. (ii) If there are any new road widening lines proposed in the revised
Draft or Sanctioned Development Plans, the Vice-Chairman, Puri Konark
Development Authority/ Heritage Conservation Committee shall consider
has not yet been implemented in the case of road standards, and recognizes risk preparedness is
widening initiative/s. recommended in the City HRIDAY Plan. This requires
to be further developed in consultation with P.K.D.A,
The road widening also violates the planning Department of Culture, Archeological Survey of India,
regulations laid down by A.S.I (AMASR 2010) under National Monuments Authority and other stakeholders.
the Ancient Monuments Act of 1958 (as amended). A The plan to respond to both the citys heritage and its
methodology for environmental improvement within modern needs, while ensuring that the rich legacy of the
historic areas of the city, based on an approach that Jagannatha temple and its environs are not
protects heritage, improves access, enhances safety compromised upon.
the heritage provisions and environmental aspects while considering or in the Lay out Plan shall be carried out considering the existing heritage
applications for development permissions in these precincts. Necessary steps buildings ( even if they are not included in a Heritage Precinct) which may
may be taken to modify the Development Plan/ Regional Plan accordingly. affect listed natural features areas. (Attached as Annexure IV)
Pending this action, the road widening/development of new roads shall not
be carried out. iii) No widening of the existing roads under the Master Plan
or the Regional Plan shall be carried out in a manner which may affect the
existing heritage buildings (even if they are not included in a Heritage
Precinct) or which may affect listed natural features. Widening of the existing
roads under the Master Plan of the City or Town/ Zonal Development Plan
6.2 Cultural & Traditional Social Infrastructure
One of the main issues that visitors face upon arrival at artefacts etc.), the display of which is currently
Puri is the lack of information about the multi layered accessible only at personal workshops of the artisans,
cultural narrative of the city and its traditional social inaccessible to tourists due to lack of information.
infrastructure.
Academia, particularly theosophical, is a predominant
Due to inadequate provision of cultural occupation in Puri, both for residents and visiting
infrastructure, the experience of visitors remain scholar. Puri city has a number of libraries and reading
limited only to the Shree Jagannatha Temple and circles, featuring prominently among which are:
the sea beach, while the historic social infrastructure
suc as mathas, ashrams, jagagharas, tanks, craft centres 1. District Cultural Library
etc. remain unvisited. For a city such as Puri one
2. Information and Public Relations Library
endowed generously with heritage both tangible and
intangible, this is truly a loss. 3. Ramkrishna Mission Library
At present Puri has only two museums which are as: 4. Bharat Shebasram Shangha Pathagar
S.No Name Location Theme 5. Raghunandan Library run by Emar Matha

1 Puri Station (general)
District Road, Puri 6. Library and Research Centre run by Jagannath
Branch Ballav Matha
Museum
(under the 7. Library run by Radha Ballav Matha
Department
of Culture) 8. Jaduani Library (Kumudi Sahi)
2 Niladri Inside Shree Jagannath
Bihar Shree (veshas, 9. Chandrashekhar Library
Museum Jagannath avataras)
Temple 10. Sarbamangala Pathagar (Markandeshwar Sahi)
Construction work for a third museum, Netaji Subhash
Museum is in progress. Another, Srikshtera Sanskrutika While all these libraries are treasure troves of
Sangrahalay, has been proposed at Baliapanda on a 4.6 information, their very existence is not known to
acres land parcel. While the theme of the Netaji visitors, thereby shrinking their readership by a large
Subhash Museum is about the freedom struggle there is margin.
absolute likelihood that the Srikshtera Sanskrutika
Further, even within sites recognized and frequented by
Sangrahalay in Baliapanda cannot be built even though
visitors, absense of signages, both directional and
the foundation stone was laid in 2007 as in 2010 this
informational signage is an impediment, leaving much
land was notified as the sweet water zone, which is a
of the history and folklore related to the sites
designated no construction zone.
uncommunicated. The absence of well-informed guides
The current museums have much to be desired for by approved by the tourism department is another
way of adequacy and quality of information displayed, drawback of Puri.
exhibition design, outreach materials, visitor facilities,
Rules and regulation to be observed in heritage sites,
etc.
and Dos and Donts for environmentally vulnerable
There is further no museum that provides information ecosystems also needs to be provided.
on the richness of Puris remarkable handicraft (patta,
stone sculpture, wood carving, textiles, ganjapa, shell
6.2.1 Traditional Social Infrastructure

As discussed in Chapter 3 under tangible heritage, the At present existence of these Jagagharas are not known
traditional social infrastructure of the city comprises of to tourists /visitors coming to Puri. Thouhg managed
Mathas, Jagagharas, water tanks and ashrams. by the local people but presently due to negligence, lack
of maintenance and financial resource, the ponds of the
Most of the Mathas surveyed by the HRIDAY city jagaghara are drying up or the water is unsuitable for
Anchor Team, it was found that the main issues bathing purposes. Based on the assessment of the
associated with the condition of the Matha are Lack of jagaghara and stakeholder consultation it was found de-
identification as heritage resource ,Change in the spatial silting of ponds, infrastructure up gradation and area
configuration of the place based on contemporary improvement based on the contemporary needs are the
needs Structurally unstable buildings,Lack of guidelines basic requirement that needs to be addressed.
/policy for undertaking repair and construction, Poor
infrastructure facilities for the inhabitants, Lack of
awareness among the visitors and tourist and absence
of any signages or interpretative information for the
mathas.
Map 6-4 Mapping of traditional social infrastructure of the city


6.2.2 Cultural Museum or Park in the City
Being an important historic city with multi layered Niladri Bihar Museum is a small museum located in the
cultural narrative with rich repository of both tangible Shri Jagannatha Temple Complex. This museum is
and intangible heritage, the city can be experienced as managed by the Shri Jagannatah Temple Trust which
an outdoor museum or a heritage park. A museum is also administers the temple activities. The exhibits in
defined as is an institution that cares for (conserves) a the museums are mainly focusing on different avataras
collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, and beshas of Jagannatha. It also has a Portuguese bell
cultural, historical, or scientific importance and makes which was donated to the temple complex. An amount
them available for public viewing through exhibits that of 5.00 Rs. is charged as the entry fee.
may be permanent or temporary 5 . Puri city has 2
museums which are: The Puri Branch Museum is located on the Station
road. It is being managed and maintained by the District
1. Niladri Vihar Museum is located inside Shri Jagannatha Culture office of Puri. The visitation to the museum is
Temple Complex very low due to lack of information among the pilgrims
2. Puri Branch Museum which is located on the Station and tourists. The museum remains closed most of the
Road and managed by the District Culture Office, Puri. time due to an apparent shortage of staff and is in a very
Map 6-5 Mappinhg of Museums in the city

5Edward Porter Alexander, Mary Alexander; Alexander, Mary; Alexander, and functions of museums. Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7591-0509-6.
Edward Porter (September 2007). Museums in motion: an introduction to the history Retrieved 2009-10-06.

poor condition. Further, the museum has no outreach

materials, nor any kind of interpretative materials to
inform the visitors about the exhibits.
Besides these two museums there are private owned

crafts centre located in Puri among which the main
centres are:
1. Sudharshan Crafts Museums for stone work

2. Solapitha Museum for sola work
3. Sun Craft for wood work
Based on the information given by Tourist officer, Puri

and discussions held with the Puri Municipality and
District Collector, the list of proposed museum site are:
Name of the Details

Museum
Netaji Subhash It is a museum site which is
Chandra Bose being developed by OTDC
Museum where renovation is under
process.
Shri Khsetra A 4.62 acre of area has been
Sanskrutika designated for the development
Sangrahalaya of the museum at Baliapanda.
(Shri Kshetra Image 6-3 District Culture museum at Puri
Cultural The site is located on Sweet Source: Project Team
Museum. Water Zone which is a no The Draft Master Plan 2031 has envisioned to develop
construction zone and therefore an interpretation centre and cultural park at Jagannatha
the project will probably not Vallabh Matha. The building of the interpretation
materialise. centre is in an advanced stage of construction though
the interiors have not been commissioned for design
development. A large surface parking has been
provided within this precinct on Grand Road over
approximately 2 acres.
Many proposal for the promoting cultural tourism are

discussed in several of the planning documents. In the absence
of a holistic approach envisioning sustainable cultural
heritage tourism development responsive to the multi layered
heritage, both tangible and intangible, assessment of
potential and risks based on an understanding of the target
Image 6-2 An artifact in the museum
audience the high potential of tourism in the city and the
Source: Project Team region cannot be harnessed to an optimum extent.

6.2.3 Open Spaces, gardens and traditional water systems
The city level open spaces comprises of gardens, parks, some of their assets which can be explained as the
sweet water zone, water tanks, pokhris and open spaces financial life line of these institutions. The
inside jagagharas as well as the wide expanse of the river ponds/pokhari are important components of the
Musa and the sea front. jagagharas which need support for their one time
revitalization while the institutions continue to look
The public gardens in the city which are maintained by after them as routine.
Puri Municipality is Gandhi Park located on the Marine
Drive road. It is provided with jogging tracks for the The two sweet water zone are located at Baliapanda and
residents of the city.Himmat Singh garden is a small on Chakratitha road. These open lands are invaluable
garden near the light house on the beach road which is resource for the town populace as the sweet water for
maintained by the Gurdwara Sri Aarti Sahib. It is open the town is pumped out of these areas. The areas have
for visitors. Water tanks are the historic open space been protected with the provision of boundary walls in
which has been explained in Chapter 3.These water an attempt to prevent encroachment and
tanks are visited by the local residents, and their cultural contamination of the ground water due to open
and religious significance is of interest to both visitors defecation as people dont have access to toilets in the
and pilgrims as well as local community alike. nearby areas. The open spaces are used as parking space
during the festivals. It is considered important to
Located amidst the narrow winding lanes of the old intervene in these areas based on a multi fold strategy
town, the jagagharas are the traditional recreational to conserve water, prevent contamination of water and
places/ institutions which are primarily for the local encroachment, landscape improvement providing for
community and can be described as the social multiple uses such as periodic parking and open space
infrastructure of immense significance which for community use. It is important to note here that the
contribute to the quality of life of the local community. prime aspect of any intervention in these areas is water
It is these institutions which ensure the vitality of inter management.
personal relationships and collective action by the
community for the welfare of the local people. These
Map 6-6 Open spaces, gardens and traditional water systems

space require financial support for maintenance of

6.2.4 Signages & Interpretation
The historic town of Puri, an important pilgrim and

cultural destination lacks signages which require to
inform the visitors about the varied cultural resource in
the city. In the absence of lack of information the
tourists and the pilgrims are unaware of the multiple
areas / resources that can be explored. The richness of
the narrative of the sites is also undermined.
For example important buildings and sites of historic

and cultural significance are located on the Grand road
(as shown in the figure below) and the four roads
radiating from the periphery of Shree Jagannatha
Image 6-4 Existing signage typology in Puri
temple. The sea beach along with the Chakratirth road Source: Project Team
on the southern side and the Brahmgiri road on the
northern edge bind the radiating roads. All other minor
streets link to these main arteries. This sacred
geography needs to be imagible to the visitors through
interpretative materials including signages.
Map 6-7 Festival mapping of Puri


6.3 Gap Analysis
I Traffic & Transport System
S. Standards/Guidelines
Infrastructure
No Existing Scenario and Recommendation Gaps
Feature
. by CDP/ other
The National Highway is the

main linkage connecting Puri
The proposed road while
to different cities. There is
addressing the matter
lack of dedicated mass transit
related connectivity is
system in tourist circuits.
Development of recommended to address
BrahmagiriLoknath and aspects related to water
A Linkages A new bypass has been
beach road linkages. management with
constructed as proposed in the
provisions for area level
Draft Comprehensive
landscape improvement as
Development Plan -2031 till
part of the overall
the Brahmagiri Road for the
Nabakalebara 2015 which will
be linked to sea beach road.
Grand Road, Swargdwar
Road, Marine Road has a large
volume of pedestrian traffic
and vehicular traffic. The
narrow lanes of the city are
provided with drains on one
side.
Need for an integrated
Lack of dedicated
Mobility plan- to address
A continuous pedestrian pedestrian pathway with
public transport, vehicular
pathway can be found along visitor amenities on the
(both cars and light) as well
the road in few sections of the busy streets and highway
as pedestrian movement.
Beach Road. However, there of Puri which is heavily
Pedestrian This requires to be
B are no dedicated pathways on used by the pilgrims during
Walkway undertaken for the Grand
the Grand Road, Swargdwar the festivals such as
Road interlinked with the
and NH 203. rathyatra and shravan
historic as well as modern
month.
parts of the city. And
On the National highway a Need for an integrated
improved pedestrian
ribbon development can be mobility plan
movement system
seen due to location of shops
as well as the slum colonies
along the road.

Infrastructure
Feature
. by CDP/ other
Need for introduction of
battery driven vehicles
along beach road and
Grand Road.
Tourists and visitors dependent on
Public
C para transit service. Lack of dedicated
Transportation Development of Intracity
mass transit system in tourist circuits
bus terminus near
Narendra Pokhari tirtha(
Source : CDP -2041-
action points pg. 203)
Jagannatha
Vallabha Matha is
a historic precinct
comprising of a
matha and is
known as pleasure
garden for Shri
Jagnnntha.
Developing a
Proposed Parking : multilevel parking
Multilevel car park at space requires to
There are two major parking areas in
Jagannath Ballav Matha, be undertaken
Puri town. For the intercity buses
Parking near Puri Railway based on careful
which ply between Puri and
Station, Parking near assessment of
regional cities like Bhubaneswar,
Gundicha Bus Stand, impact and
Cuttack and Konark, there is a bus
Multilevel car park at following design
stand in ward no. 29 at Talabania
Marine Drive, Parking guidelines which
which is a sweet water zone.
near Chandrabhaga ( donot compromise
source: Draft the historic
D Parking Space A paid parking area is available near
Comprehensive attributes and are
Jagannatha Vallabha math on Grand
Development Plan -2031) based on well
Road for Jagannatha temple.
informed urban
Development of multi- design guidelines.
Apart from these designated parking
storeyed parking at sea There is an
areas, on-street parking of auto-
beach and Jagannatha absence of design
rickshaws is seen predominantly on
Temple and Designated guidelines and a
the Railway Station road, CT road,
parking zones for specially master plan for the
Marine Drive road and Grand road.
abled people (source :City Jagan Nath Ballabh
Development Plan 2041) math garden which
would protect the
historic attributes
while making
invaluable land
available for
modern needs
based on a
comprehensive
design guidelines.

II STREET LIGHTING
Infrastructure
No Existing Scenario and Recommendation by Gaps
Feature
. CDP/ other
Provision of street lighting The street lights and high
according to UDPFI mast lights have been placed
guidelines ( source: Draft on the Grand road and
Comprehensive Beach road in the absence
Development Plan 2031) of a city illumination plan.
III OPEN SPACES
The CDP -2041 enlists that
the key challenges with
respect to heritage
management at Puri are
poor maintenance of
religious structure and lack
of infrastructure. Further
visitors have limited
knowledge of the heritage
The Grand road is the first zones.
important open space of the The sector goals identified
city. are protection of heritage
resources of teh town and
For the city of Puri it is a promotion of
historic street with religious, heritage/value based
Chaotic traffic, absence of
tourism by increasing
commercial, economic and guidelines for hoardings and
people involvement in
cultural significance where signages, no provision of
heritage concerns.
transformations can be seen street furniture, absence of
The action goals identified
The Grand guidelines for type of open
A through the entire length of are :
Road space use and vending
the road commencing at the Development of heritage
zones, no design guidelines
religious node into a walks in identified routes
for street furniture or
improved accessibility
commercial street, to craft palette of materials for
Restoration and renovation
market to vegetable and fruit landscaping.
of protected heritage
market to workshops and structures of the city.
garages through the entire Improvement of Swargdwar
span of the day. Grand Road & Beach
Revitalisation
Signage Development
(CDP -CRISIL pg. no 226 -
228) )

Infrastructur
e Feature
. by CDP/ other
Plantation activity along the
sea coast, water fields and
There are inadequate
backwaters
Recreational Park at planned open spaces in the
Establishment of parks in
Atharanala, city for the local
Gardens & the city with toilet facilities.
B Bhai Himmat Singh Park, community. The existing
Parks Integrated coastal zone
Urban Haat open spaces are
management plan
Gandhi park inadequately landscaped for
development with projects
use of the local community
along Puri coast( Source :
CDP -2041)
Though identified as a
protected water reserve, the
site was proposed in 2007
for the construction of the
Museum Complex on 4.6
acre of land. The area was
Threat of encroachment on designated as a protected
Sweet Water the sweet water zone. area in 2010 which prevents
Zone
it from being developed as a
C (Chakratirtha Risk of water contamination
and due to open defecation. site for museum.
Baliapanda) Open space used as parking
space during the festivals These spaces are also used as
a parking space for the buses
at Talbania as well as parking
spaces during the Rathayatra
with temporary provision of
toilet facilities.
The Musa river has been The Draft Comprehensive

truncated in parts. Development Plan 2031
The historic connection identifies the river, lakes,
between the river and the water tanks, wetlands and
tanks is blocked. marshy land to be preserved
and not be built over.
The untreated waste water is
discharged into the river due
The Draft Master Plan
River and to absence of segregation of
identifies these ecologically
D
Water Tanks storm water form sewage in and environmentally
sections of the town. The sensitive areas as
Musa river is infested with a
Conservation areas where
growth of water hyacinth permitted activities are lake Need for integrated
and other invasive species cleaning (deweeding, de- environmental upgradation
silting, etc.)protection and of the traditional water
Linear development of slum treatment of catchment area system including recovery of
and commercial shop along which includes afforestation, public spaces.
the NH 203 and NH 203 A storm water drainage and silt
is contributing to the traps etc,; strengthening of

contamination of river water bund, lake fencing and
and if not relocated can shoreline development ; lake
develop into a colonised front eco development
space. including public interface.
The activities from the The key interventions

homes in the slums identified under urban
primarily related to environment are
household activities and rejuvenation of water
childrens play spill onto the bodies, pollution mitigation
Brahmgiri road which makes strategies, and coastal zone
it extremely accident prone. plantation and disaster
managemet.100%
preservation of water bodies,
ground water recharge and
rejuvenation to be achieved
by 2021. Further solar street
lights and rooftop solar
projects have been
proposed.(CDP 2041 by
CRISIL. pg. no. 229)
Renovation of Narendra
Tank and Markandeya Tank
(CDP 2041 by CRISIL. pg.
no. 228)
Atharanala revitalization -
development of heritage
entry point by developing
the area with information
centre , exhibition centre and
recreation centre. ( CDP -
CRISIL pg. no 227) )
Pokhris in Need for desilting of the the

E Jagaghars and water bodies inside the
Akhadas jagagharas and akhadas.
The sea beach is the largest Need for a City Level

recreational space in the Illumination plan.
city.
Provision of multilevel
G Sea Beach The high mast lighting Improved visitor amenities
parking space
installed on the beach front and management plan based
disturbs the scenic on standard design
environment and ambience guidelines.

of the place due to the light

pollution.
Inadequate visitor
amenities.
Absence of standard
guidelines for landscape
development, kiosks and
visitor amenities.
IV Cultural Infrastructure
Infrastructure
No Existing Scenario and Recommendation by Gaps
Feature
. CDP/ other
The city does not have a
Museum that exhibits the
multi layered cultural
narrative of the town with
The city does not have a
Museum/ Interpretation an emphasis on the legacy
Museum that exhibits the
centre proposal at Jaganntha of the Shree Jagannatha;
Museums or multi layered cultural
A Vallabha Matha( source: absence of a city level
Cultural Park narrative of the town with
Draft Comprehensive interpretation plan linked
an emphasis on the legacy
Development Plan 2031) with the several buildings
of the Shree Jagannatha
and sites of significance.
Further using the
vocabulary of the local skills
and craft traditions
Need for improvement and While the jagaghara tradition
revitalisation of the historic is a living tradition which is
social infrastructural identified in all the planning
facilities as a backbone of documents, no proposals
Historic social
the secular tradition of the have been given for these.
infrastructure
B people of Puri. The need for conservation
Jagaghara and
and revitalisation of the
Akhadas
The pokharis are both utility infrastructure related to the
as well as recreational jagagharas is urgently felt
features for the local amongst the local
residents of sahis. community.
The heritage of the city Development of integrated
comprises of both tangible heritage linked city
and intangible heritage. At development strategy and
present only two structures local economy development
are protected by ASI and Development of Heritage
C Heritage two by Odisha State walk connecting significant
Archaeology. religious centres with
heritage or mythological
The road widening activities significance.
has led to loss of cultural Revitalization of the
heritage of the city by historic Atharnala bridge &

demolition of the edges of entry point.

Mathas which is To interconnect and
irreplaceable develop Temples tanks and
heritage monuments
scattered in many different
parts of the town.
Bali sahi, which is located
at the South West of the
Lord Jagannath Temple, has
been identified to contain
most of the religiously
significant temples, mathas
and jagaghars ( source: CDP
2041)
In Athranala revitalization
proposal, it is also proposed
to develop an information
centre for tourists. However
in the proposed Draft
Development of heritage
Master Plan 2031 proposed
walks in identified routes
landuse near the bridge to
be high density residential
Improved accessibility by
colony with one patch for
promoting environmental
commercial activity
friendly transport system.
There are only 2 ASI
To develop Atharnala
protected structure( Shri
Bridge as the entry point for
Jagannatha Temple and
the heritage city. The bridge
Atharanala) and 2 structures
is surrounded by Atharnala
are notified monuments
wetland which has water
under Odisha State
spread of about 6 acres.
archaeology ( Gambhira
This could be developed as
Matha and Sidha Bakula
entry point to Puri with
Matha).
information centres,
exhibition center, and
Need for conservation of
recreation center.
the built heritage of Puri
including its temples and
Restoration of protected
mathas. These need to be
heritage structures in Puri
notified by the Department
town by undertaking faade
of Endowment with
upliftment, structural
linkages with the
improvements and
Department of Culture.
renovation incorporating
Conservation guidelines and
the heritage elements.
development guidelines
necessary for the old town
(sahis) and the Bada Danda
responsive to the heritage
fabric and modern needs.

Very basic directional The city lacks an

signage exists in the city interpretation plan and
Signage and
D which are limited to few interpretative signages
Interpretation
important points considered (directional, locational and
as the touristic place descriptive)

Chapter Seven
Prioritization of Assets
Prioritisation of Assets
7 Prioritisation of Assets
As discussed in the segment on strategic framework for Based on the appraisal of heritage and cultural assets of
HRIDAY in Chapter 1, it is essential for holistic Puri and their interrelationship with each other (as
development that the identification of priority assets explained in Chapter 3) both Nature and Culture has
not be limited only to heritage sites and their immediate been the guiding principles for the development of the
surroundings, but also include the provision for off- city.
shore interventions that help de-stress the pressures
induced on the heritage components of the city through
high visitation and related development pressures on
the heritage components of the city.
Further, based on site surveys1 and several discussions

held with the stakeholders of Puri (refer Chapter 5 for
details), it was deduced that nature, culture and their
interrelationship formed a significant aspect of the city,
leading to the prioritization of intervention for the
following natural and cultural assets under the
HRIDAY City Scheme for Puri. These heritage
components further determines the delineation of the
heritage zones.
Cultural Heritage Natural Heritage
1. Shree Jagannath 1. Musa River

Temple ( an ASI
protected
structure)and
Periphery
2. Grand Road or 2. Mangala River
Bada Danda
3. Gundicha Temple 3. Sea Front
4. Loknath Temple 4. Water Tanks
5. Jagannath Ballav 5. Pokhars, Ponds,
Matha other Water-bodies
6. Other Mathas 6. Sweet Water Zones
7. Jagagharas and
Akhadas
8. Atharnala Bridge (
an ASI protected
structure)
1refer Volume IV Annexures for set of inventories of identified heritage assests of historic
and cultural significance of Puri
The city has two monuments protected by the

Archaeological Survey of India and hence designated as
monuments of national importance. These are namely
Shree Jagannatha Temple 2 and Atharanala Bridge.
While the temple is the principle site of attraction for
for both pilgrims and visitors, leading to a high
concentration of activities around it, the mathas, ponds,
akharas, jagagharas and several other buildings of cultural
and social importance that are located within the sahis
(traditional neighborhoods) are unprotected and in
varying states of neglect.
Map 7-1 Eight historic residential neighbourhood

2 The temple being an A.S.I. Protected Monument has a 300 m notified for carrying out such public work or any project essential to the public; or(b) such other
Buffer Area around it as specified in Prohibited and Regulated Areas: 20A and work or project, in its opinion, shall not have any substantial adverse impact on the
20B of The Ancient Monuments and Archeological Sites and Remains Act, preservation, safety, security of, or, access to, the monument or its immediate surroundings,
1958. 20A states that Every area, beginning at the limit of the protected area or the it or he may, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), in exceptional cases
protected monument, as the case may be, and extending to a distance of one hundred metres and having regard to the public interest, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing,
in all directions shall be the prohibited area in respect of such protected area or protected permit, such public work or project essential to the public or other constructions, to be
monument: Provided that the Central Government may, on the recommendation of the carried out in a prohibited area and 20B states that, Every area beginning at the
Authority, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify an area more than one hundred limit of prohibited area in respect of every ancient monument and archeological site and
metres to be the prohibited area having regard to the classification of any protected remains declared as on national importance under sections 3 and 4 and extending to a
monument or protected area, as the case may be, under section 4A. (2) Save as otherwise distance of two hundred metres in all directions and shall be the regulated area in respect
provided in section 20C, no person, other than an archaeological officer, shall carry out of every ancient monument and archeological site and remains. (Attached as Annexure
any construction in any prohibited area. (3) In a case where the Central Government or II)
the Director-General, as the case may be, is satisfied that--(a) it is necessary or expedient
The traditions associated with buildings and sites such Department of Culture. Conservation and development
as the mathas, akharas and jagagharas are living traditions, guidelines are necessary for the old town (sahis) and the
and are directly linked with the cult of Lord Jagannatha Bada Danda,in a manner responsive to both the
and hence the temple. Though these resources have heritage fabric and modern needs. Lack of such
been identified in planning documents, the buildings mandates has resulted in the loss of facades in many of
and sites are found to be in a state of disrepair and if the mathas in the temple periphery such as Uttar Parsva
not appropriate addressed in the immediate future, may Matha, Dakshin Parsva Matha and Emar Matha, during
be lost soon. The need for conservation and the road-widening activity around the Jagannatha
revitalization of infrastructure that affects the health, Temple.
both physical and financial of jagagharas is a felt need
by the local community Further road widening exercises are intended, primarily
along the Swargdwar Road portions of which comprise
The mathas are socio- religious institutions and have the 300 m Buffer Zone of the Jagannatha Temple as
existed in Puri for several centuries. They continue to designated by A.S.I. This road is particularly rich in
provide accommodation for the pilgrims as one of their heritage and is lined by a number of mathas, one of
social obligations (for a small payment) and are directly which is under Odisha State Archaeology. While most
associated with Sri Jagannatha temple through rituals of the buildings, along this stretch will be affected,
and sebas. These buildings came under the ownership of either actively or passively, by the widening of this road,
the Department of Endowment, Government of the impact will be direct, and particularly severe on the
Odisha in the later part of the 20th century. Section aforementioned mathas as they sit on the road itself.
86(1) of Endowment Act empowers the State Govt. for
preservation, maintenance, management and A methodology for environmental improvement within
improvement of the properties within the historically historic areas of the city, based on an approach that
significant buildings. (Refer Chapter 4 section 4.2.3 protects heritage, improves access, enhances safety
for details). Other than being of social importance, standards, and recognizes risk preparedness is
several of these mathas are significant due to their recommended in the City HRIDAY Plan.
architectural character, historic associations and other
factors. Two of the mathas were notified as protected
monuments by the Odisha State Archaeology,
Department of Culture of Government of Odisha due
to their association with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
Jagannatha Ballabh Matha is a historic precinct

comprising of a matha and is known as pleasure garden
for Shri Jagannatha. There is an absence of design
guidelines and a master plan for the Jagannatha Ballabh
math garden which would protect the historic attributes
while making invaluable land available for modern
needs based on a comprehensive design guidelines. This
would address the existing issues of inadequacy of
planned open spaces in the city and the lack of
landscape strategies for existing open spaces, towards
an improved living condition for their contiguous
communities.
Through analysis of current situation, for example the
Need for conservation of the built heritage of Puri
road widening activities on the periphery of Shri
including its temples and mathas need to be notified by
Jagannatha Temple and other proposed areas for road
the Department of Endowment with linkages with the
widening etc., various community consultations, and In the area of natural heritage, the rivers Musa and
discussion with the City Mission Directorate, the Grand Mangla, sacred water tanks, ponds, pokharis, sweet water
Road and periphery of Shree Jagannatha Temple zone and sea are important components of the cultural
emerged as an area that requires prime attention. Lack and natural landscape of Puri. However, at present they
of dedicated pedestrian pathway with visitor amenities choked with unchecked growth of waterweeds and
was found to be an issue on the busy streets and vegetation, disconnected by encroachments, and
highway of Puri, which are heavily used by the pilgrims contaminated by untreated refuse flowing in from
during the festivals such as Rathyatra and on the holy adjacent slums. The sea is further polluted by unfiltered
month of Shravan. water of the Banki Muhana Waste Water Treatment
Plant, and lack vegetative buffers that are required to
At a city level, a Mobility Plan is required for the city mitigate natural disasters such as cyclones, storm surges
that simultaneously incorporates environmentally and tsunamis, which Puri is susceptible to.
sustainable transport options such as e-rickshaws,
addresses mass transport system, augments the parking The Sweet Water Zones at Baliapanda and Chakratirtha
facility for the private vehicles, and improves quality of being Puri Citys most sustainable source of drinking
infrastructure for pedestrians. While developing a water, also need careful conservation, particularly in
strategy for transport it is therefore necessary to terms of interventions ag ainst encroachments that can
consider the complexity of spatial morphology, in both deteriorate the quality of water therein. The citys
historic and new parts of the city, as large numbers of legislative provision for the protection of the river and
people in Puri move on two-wheeler, primarily cycles, sweet water zones which have been discussed in detail
motor cycles, rickshaws and auto rickshaws. Since the in Chapter 4 of this document. Section 7 of the Orissa
Draft Comprehensive Development Plan for Puri has Irrigation Act 1959 empowers the State Government to
not yet been notified, it gives an opportunity to prohibit obstructions of any river, spring, stream,
integrate the City Mobility Plan and delineated heritage irrigation work or drainage work and can order to
zones in the document while reviewing the building remove formation of any such obstructions which may
guidelines for each zones. cause damage to any land or to public health or public
convenience.
Image 7-1 The truncated river Musa


The notification for protection of Sweet Water Zone to restore lands already allotted/ leased out. The
(ground water) published in May 24, 2000 by Housing Section 86(1) of Endowment Act empowers the State
and Urban Development Department and Revenue Govt. for preservation, maintenance, management and
Department inhibits unauthorized construction improvement of the properties within the historically
activities either by encroachments or without approved significant buildings. (Refer Chapter 4 section 4.2.3
plan in these zones, to restrain Puri Municipality from for details).
further sale/lease/transfer of these revenue lands and
Map 7-2 Sweet Water Zones , River, Pokharis and Water Tanks
Image 7-2Sweet Water Zone Notification by Department of Housing and Urban Development

The state government is committed towards the development of infrastructure in and around the
conservation of natural and cultural heritage assets for natural and cultural assets located in Bada Danda,
sustainable development of the historic town of Puri. Swargdwar Road, Shri Jagannatha Temple periphery,
This commitment is evident in the allocated funds for Musa and Mangla River. Understanding of these areas
development in the near future. To adopt an integrated of intervention has helped to arrive at Shelf of Projects
approach towards planning for the infrastructure needs for HRIDAY. These projects can be considered, as
of the city based on the understanding of its natural and demonstration projects by the local govt. where toolkits
cultural resource, HCA studied the projects with prepared as part of City HRIDAY Plan will act as
committed funds in consultation with the City Mission guiding document for various interventions/projects
Directorate and other departments. It emerged that the proposed to be undertaken in each heritage zones by
high priority areas of intervention of Department of State Govt. and Central Govt.
Tourism, Housing and Urban Development, Public
Works Department, Puri Municipality, Water Resource
Department and Irrigation Division is focused towards

Chapter Eight
Civic Infrastructure
Development Plan
8.1. Introduction to Delineated Heritage Areas
8.2 The Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
8.3. River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone

8.4. Balukhanda Recreational Zone
8.5. Analysis of Master Plan and City
Development Plan
8.6. Specialist Consultancies/ Institutional
Reforms
Civic Infrastructre Development Plan
8 Civic Infrastructure Development Plan

8.1 Introduction to Delineated Areas
Research in historical narrative, mapping and zones having high cultural and natural heritage values
documentation of tangible and intangible cultural have been identified. These zones are:
heritage resource, their assessment, and consultations
with the various stakeholders at local levels comprising 1. Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
the residents, urban local body, departments of the 2. River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone
government and CLAMC, has helped the City Anchor 3. Balukhanda Recreational Zone
team to delineate the heritage zones in the city. Three
Map 8-1 Identified and delineated heritage zones based on the prioritization of assets and location of cultural heritage

8.2 The Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone

8.2.1 Description
The Shankha Kshetra is the sacred geography of Puri Cultural
town in the form of a conch shell with Shri Jagannatha 1. Jagannath temple, Gundicha temple, Bada Danda
Temple at the centre, Loknatha temple at the apical and Beach are core areas of cultural significance
point, the Grand Road as the connecting central spine which acts as main tourist attractions and are
between Gundicha Temple and Shri Jagannatha frequently visited by pilgrims and visitors from all
Temple, and Indradyumna Tank at the bottom most tip over India.
of the conch. The Sahis are historic residential
neighborhoods with mathas, temples, jagagharas and Architectural/ Urbanity
akhadas that circumscribe Shri Jagannath temple. This 1. The Jagannath temple is a veritable example of the
zone is the historic core of the city; rich in cultural Kalinga style of architecture. The vernacular
narrative with its varied building typologies, distinctive architecture of the region is represented in the local
spatial configuration and living traditions. houses with high plinth, palm trunk colonnaded
verandas and thatched roofs built around
This zone has dense residential fabric interconnected courtyards within.
with a network of roads and lanes of a widely ranging 2. The city has grown along the streets radiating
hierarchy. The key connectors of sites of cultural outwards from the periphery of Shri Jagannath
significance have high visitation by pilgrims and Temple as the heart. Every neighborhood is
tourists. The primary roads are Bada Danda and provided with direct visual connection to the
Swargdwar road, which are in active use throughout the Temple through its streets.
day and night as these connect sites of interest to both 3. The historic fabric, narrow lanes, architectural
pilgrims and tourists. Commercial activities are found features of the temples, mathas and residences, and
sprawling on both sides of the road. natural features like tanks and ponds form the
townscape of the city.
8.2.2 Attributes of Value
Religious 8.2.3 SWOT Analysis
1. Puri is an important pilgrimage destination, being Strength
among the four dhams set up by Adi Planned streets and neighborhoods around Shree
Shankaracharya, as institutions for the revival of Jagannath Temple
Hinduism. Wide ROW in the Grand Road, providing adequate
2. The tangible heritage forms the sacred geography space for all modes of transport and commercial
of the city comprising of temples and Mathas, and activities
their traditional linkages with the rituals and
Active street edges
customs associated with Lord Jagannath
Rich mix of stores, stalls, restaurants, hotels etc.
contributes to the religious significance of the
place. Good road condition
3. The complex traditional knowledge systems are
Weakness
unique component of the living traditions linked
No footpaths
with Shri Jagannath in Puri, which is deeply rooted
within the life of the local community. Lack of signage, both informative and directional
Traffic management with no dedicated parking,
drop off/ pick up zones for rickshaws, buses etc.
Storm water drain not well integrated with street
edge, top concrete slab is poor state of repair and
not of adequate capacity
Minimal public transport options
Weak solid waste managements 2. Vernacular architecture is not given due

Master plan level management for Loknath Temple recognition.
and insufficient infrastructure (parking, toilet,
Cultural
drinking water, shelter).
Lack of signage and interpretation of heritage buildings
Opportunity inducing lack of awareness among the visitors, tourists
Wide ROW allows for ideal re-design of road, and pilgrims.
providing adequate space for all transport needs
8.2.5. Recommendations
and commercial activities
Based on above observations, and in compliance with
The wider ROW at Gundicha Temple end allows
the City Development Plan for Puri -2041, the key
for varied streetscape strategies
challenges with respect to heritage management at Puri
Threats are poor maintenance of religious structure and lack of
infrastructure. Further, visitors have limited knowledge
Use of incompatible design and materials
of the heritage zones.
Unchecked development and unplanned stalls
Increase in private vehicle use The sector goals identified are protection of heritage
resources of the town and promotion of heritage/value
8.2.4. Issues
based tourism by increasing community participation in
Religious
heritage concerns.
1. Lack of guidelines for development activities
around the two ASI protected structures i.e Shri The action goals identified in the CDP1 are:
Jagannatha temple and Athranala are detrimental to 1. Development of heritage walks in identified
their historic and architectural significance and routes
values of the sites. 2. Improved accessibility
2. The urban development pressure and the adhoc 3. Restoration and renovation of protected
interventionsand additions by uraban local bodies heritage structures of the city.
are transforming the historic character of the place. 4. Improvement of Swargdwar
5. Grand Road & Beach Revitalization
Architectural
6. Signage Development
1. Lack of maintenance and conservation of heritage
structures. Material inconsistency in case of
conservation is also a problem.
1 City Development Plan for Puri -2041, pg. no 226 -228

Compact Pedestrian Centric Development modes of transport. This is also recommended in the
It is observed that the movement of locals and tourists Draft Comprehensive Developemnt Plan 2031 for the
alike is concentrated along the 5 identified heritage city.
corridors.The prominent mode choice amongst locals
is walking or cycling; however recently there are an Enhancing Walkability within Sahis
increasing number of motorcycle users. The built-form of the Sahis, the network of streets and
the compactness of the city makes the city extremely
walkable. For visitors the trip generators which are the
hotels and dhramshalas are located in close proximity
to the trip attractors which are the temples, tanks and
other cultural sites. For the residents of the Sahis, the
planning of it as dense mixed use areas with
commercial, residential and social uses within 15minute
walking distance and in the same neighbourhood
amplifies the walkability of the area.
Walkable neighbourhoods have significant economic,

social and environmental benefits. Furthermore Puri
having a rich history and culture, there is an opportunity
for the streets to become a walking museum which
narrates the culture and history of the area.
Map 8-2 identifies heritage corridors radiating out from Shri Jagannatha Temple At present the street infrastructure for pedestrians is
Complex and connecting the other parts of the city
Source: Project Team limited, the streets within the Sahis, motorcycles,
The streets within the old town are narrow with limited rickshaws, cyclists and pedestrians are competing for
capacity to accommodate the vehicular as well as space.
pedestrian traffic. A mobility strategy needs to be
developed for the Sahis that will allow all smooth For the old city to get the benefits of being a truly
movement of all modes while ensuring that the heritage pedestrian area the street infrastructure needs to be
character of the Sahis with all its built heritage is not upgraded. Some of the key aspects that need to be kept
compromised. in view while planning the mobility in the old city are:
Widening the streets within the Sahis is not a prudent 1) Continuous good walking environment
solution as it would undermine the heritage character of 2) Creating destinations
the area. This would also be at the cost of non- 3) Wayfinding
compliance with the existing laws of AMASR as well as 4) Managing distances and accesibility
guidelines formulated by Puri Konark Development
Authority which stipulates that road widening projects Moibility
should not have an adverse impact on heritage. The primary access to and from Puri is via NH 203 and
Segregation of the pedestrians and vehicles by NH 203 A which connects the city with Bhubaneswar
identifying separate corridors is recommended to be and NH-5 connects the city with Konark. Puri is also
considered while developing a mobility strategy for the connected with Bhubaneswar by a branch line of the
historic core. This requires to be part of an overall city South Eastern Railway. The Bada Danda (Grand Road)
level strategy for mass transport as also recommended with Shree Jagannath Temple and Gundicha Temple at
as a need of the hour in the Draft Master Plan. either end of it is the busiest road in terms of pedestrian
A city wide public transport strategy needs to be and vehicular traffic in the city. The other important
developed which will improve the accessibility within vehicular roads are Marine Drive Road, Charkh Tirth
the city and also reduce the dependence on private Road, VIP road, Loknath Road and Brahmagiri Road.
These roads are all undivided roads with a carriageway Chakratirth Road. It is observed that residents and
width of 11-15m, All the roads other than the Bada tourist vehicles are parked on all roads other than
Danda road have no provision for pedestrians and non- portions of the Grand Road which are patrolled by the
motorized transport modes. The other roads which go police. No auto or cycle rickshaw stands are present
within the Sahis are very narrow with widths ranging other than on certain portions of Grand Road.
from 5-7m. These roads are used by primarily by
pedestrians, cyclists and motor cyclists; motorised Pedestrian and Non-Motorised Transport
vehicles tend to avoid these roads No roads other than the Bada Danda Road and the
Marine Drive stretch along the beach have dedicated
Inter City Bus Movement areas for pedestrians. All the other roads have no
The buses carrying visitors from Bhubaneswar and segregated areas for pedestrians. On Bada Danda and
Cuttack enter the city via the Atharnala Bridge and
terminate at the bus stand located on the Grand Road Marine Drive have high volumes of pedestrians;
near the Gundicha temple or at Talabania. From 15th however the demarcated pedestrian areas are not of
September 2015, all inter-state tourist buses, reserved adequate capacity for the pedestrian volumes.
tourist buses and other tourist buses shall terminate at
IPTs
the Malatipatpur Bus Stand which is located
IPTs comprising of auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws
approximately 7km from the city.
play an important role in transporting tourists and locals
Parking Facilities within the city. The auto rickshaws ply on all major
Off street private vehicle facilities are located off Grand roads within the city whereas the cycle rickshaws ply on
Road, marine Drive Road, Railway Station Road and the major roads as well as the narrower roads within the
Map 8-3 Main connecting roads at city level and regional level
Sahis. Neither the auto rickshaw nor the cycle rickshaw

are metered or follow a fare chart.
Thus Mobility is a major issue observed in the city of

Puri and needs to be addressed urgently for both
vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
Map 8-4 Heritage Route Proposal in Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031
connecting the heritage structure on the periphery of the Jagannatah Temple Complex and
the temples
Map 8-5Heritage Route Proposal I as per Draft Comprehensive Development Plan

2031 connecting the mathas and temples along the Swargdwar road and area around

8.2.1 Sub Zones
Based on its spatial and architectural characteristics, use and jurisdiction, the Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone is further
divided into four sub zones as listed below:
Shakha Sub Zone 1 A: Shri Jagannatha Temple & 300

Ksetra m buffer
Heritage
Sub Zone 1 B: Grand Road (Bada Danda from
Zone Jaganntah temple to Gundicha temple)
Sub Zone 1 C: Sahis with Mathas and other
building of Heritage significance
Sub Zone 1 D: Lokanatha Temple Precinct
Map 8-6 Delineation of Shankha Khestra Heritage Zone based on the mapping and documentation of the Cultural Heritage Structure through field survey, available GIS information
procured from PKDA and other secondary sources.

Sub Zone 1 A Shri Jagannath Temple & 300 road there shops where wooden crafts items can be
m buffer bought directly from the artisans (Rupakars).
Being the religious centre of the city, to which the city

owes its existence, Shri Jagannath Temple and its
periphery areas come within Ward number 3 of the
Puri Municipality, where the population density is more
than 24,000/sq. Kilometer according to the Draft
Comprehensive Development Plan -20312.
The temple is protected under the Ancient Monuments

and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (2010) and
hence conservation of the physical fabric of the temple
comes under the jurisdiction of A.S.I. A 300 meters
buffer has been notified around the temple as per the Image 8-1 Edge condition of the external wall of Shri Jagannatha Temple
provision in the A.M.A.S.R. Act of 2010. The temple is
an extremely important pilgrimage destination and is
managed by the Shree Jagannatha Temple Trust. Mathas
and dharamshalas such as Emar Matha, Uttar Parshwa
Matha, Dakshin Parswa Matha, Raghabdas Matha and
several more are closely linked with the rituals of the
temple. These institutions also provide for the
infrastructure and needs of the pilgrims.
The temple is enclosed within the Meghnad Pacheri a

walled enclosure, and houses other than the principal
shrine, several smaller temples, and subsidiary Image 8-2 Intervention in front of the Singhadwar of Shri Jagannatha Temple
structures both modern and historic to house several The directional signage for few important structure
activities associated with the traditions and rituals of have been installed by Orissa Tourism Development
Shree Jagannath. Corporation but there is need for providing of
descriptive signage.
The road along the Singhadwar (the southern gate) of
the temple leading to the Bada Danda towards the Due to absence of guidelines, facades of historic
eastern side and further the road from the temple buildings along the periphery of the temple (within the
leading to Swargdwar, towards the western side are the prohibited zone) are being transformed where in
two busiest roads with pilgrim activities. These roads historic facades with vernacular architectural
are active throughout the day with mainly pedestrian characteristics are being replaced by modern materials
movement along with auto rickshaws or paddle unsympathetic to historic detailing. For example the
rickshaws. The movement of auto rickshaws are faade of Emar Matha has been recently demolished
restricted along the periphery of the temple from 6.00 and change in the land use pattern has occurred from
a.m. to 10.00 p.m. Similarly the Temple road crossing semi-residential and institutional use to commercial.
the Dola mandap Sahi has restricted auto rickshaw The transformation is further in the architectural
movement beyond the Jani Mundia Chak beyond which expression where in the vocabulary is that of neo-
movement is restricted to pedestrians only. Along the
2 The population density data is based on 2001 Census.

classical, and completely alien to local vernacular

architecture of the place.
Map 8-7 Jagannath Temple and Periphery; Source: Project Team
Image 8-3 New typology emerging on the periphery of Shhri Jagannataha Temple Complex Image 8-4 the sweet shop infront of Singhadwar of temple constructed adjacent to Emar
due to modern interventions and lack of guidelines. Matha unresponsive to the historic architectural character of the area.

Sub Zone 1 B: Grand Road (Bada Danda from

Jagannath temple to Gundicha temple)
The grand road is an important cultural road following

the original lay out of the sacred town and is one of the
widest city-streets in India. For the city of Puri it is a
historic street with religious, commercial, economic and
cultural significance where transformations can be seen
through the entire length of the road commencing at
the religious node into a commercial street, to craft
market to vegetable and fruit market to workshops and
garages through the entire span of the day. Image 8-5 Nabakalebara 2015 celebrations on Bada Danda
All these activities come to a halt during the important
festivals or other functions such as Nabakalebara,
RathYatra, Bahuda Yatra, Independence Day and
others when the entire street transforms into a space for
religious cultural activity only.
This rationale for delineation of this element of Bada

Danda as a sub zone is that it is the most significance
urban cultural space. The street in its current use pattern
lacks any ordering elements or guidelines to guide use
and design of both verticals, which are the buildings
with their signage and bill boards to the horizontal Image 8-6 Congregation of people in front of Ratha during Nabakalebara 2015 held in
July 2015.
surfaces which guide ordered mobility, informal use, Source: Project Team
services etc. This zone is defined by the urban fabric In the Draft Comprehensive Development Plan -2031
abutting the road along with the road intersections the landuse along the Grand Road is mainly commercial
which connect the Grand road with other parts of the (hotels, dharamshalas, govt. shops, individual shops etc.),
city. The Draft Comprehensive Development plan also religious (temples, matha and ashrams), institutional
defines Grand road3 as an important heritage precinct (libraries, police station, hospitals, jails, fire station) and
of the town. medium density residential areas with the building
heights varying from single storied to five storied. The
The sites of historic and cultural significance along the
commercial activities is limited to the Red Cross
Grand road are Mathas (like Jagannatha Vallabh Matha,
junction beyond which are single storied structures of
Papudia matha), palace of the Gajapati (the king of
residential use with few institutional buildings.
Puri), Mausima temple and Gundicha temple.
In terms of mobility and traffic pattern, the Grand road
can be divided into three segments from the main nodal
points which are Marichikote chak, Market chaka and
medical chakaa (chowk) between the Shri Jagannatha
3 As per the PKDA building byelaws Buildings within heritage precincts or diminish or destroy the aesthetic value or the view of, or, from the said
in the vicinity of heritage sites shall maintain the skyline in the precinct and heritage sites.
follow the architectural style (without any high rise or multi- storeyed
development) as may be existing in the surrounding area, so as not to
Temple and Shri Gundicha temple and are mentioned

as under:
Traffic and mobility

(6.00 a.m. -10p.m.)
Paddle rickshaws
Auto rickshaws
Two Wheelers
Four wheelers
Segment
Pedestrian
Buses
Shri Jagannatha Temple
to Marichikote Chaka
Marichikote Chaka to Image 8-8 existing condition of drains abutting the edges of the shops along the Bada
Market Chaka Danda Road.
Market Chaka to
Medical Chaka Solid waste management of Grand road has been given
Medical Chaka to to an NGO named JUSCO by Puri Municipality. The
Gundicha temple dustbins are placed at every 200 metres on either side
Traffic movement is a major challenge on the Grand
of the road which are emptied in morning and the waste
Road. The problem is intensified due to on street
is taken to Baliapanda which is a solid waste disposal
parking where in there is lack of clarity on the right of
site.
way and areas dedicated for parking. This is further
enhanced due to informal vending illegal Of the many aspects of the Grand Road, a significant
encroachments. The existing bus terminal is located dynamic one is the manner in which the Road changes
near the Gundicha temple on the Grand Road, where character from morning, through noon, till night. The
parking place has been provided for the outstation mornings find markets of fresh fruit, flowers for
buses. The main parking area for the cars has been offering, vegetables and fish, which is gradually replaced
provided within the Jagannatha Ballava Matha. as the day progresses with trolleys regional cultural
Both the sides of the Grand road have recently been

provided with storm water drains which are covered by
concrete slabs. At places these drains are open or the Image 8-7 Vendors selling craft based items on Bada Danda road
cover is broken. This extended space provided by the artifacts and street food.
covered drains are used as spill out area for the shops
and display area by street hawkers or vendors. The role of Grand Road is also remarkable as a thriving
exposition demonstrating the diverse array of
Puri Municipality has defined a vending zones of 6 handicrafts of Odisha. From the traditional wood and
metre on both the sides of the Grand road which is stonework, lacquer articles, brassware, silver filigree,
demarcated by the use of barricades and tax is collected handloom fabrics, applique tapestries, papier mache
from the vendors. toys, decorative objects made of sea shells to the recent
influx of plastic toys the Grand Road is an exhibition
gallery itself. The shops located on the Grand Road

cater to the needs of local people as well as pilgrims.
Map 8-8 Activity Mapping along the Grand Road along with the existing landuse

Map 8-9 Activity Mapping with reference to Heritage Structures along the Grand Road; Source: Project Team
South Elevation of Grand Road (Gundicha Temple to Jagannath Temple) Source: Project Team


North Elevation of Grand Road (Jagannath Temple Gundicha Temple)


Sub Zone 1 C: Sahis with Mathas and other conservation based on established guidelines. Mordern
building of Heritage significance interventions within these precincts require to be based
on established design guidelines which are responsive
The Sahis comprise Mathas and buildings and structures to heritage values and modern needs of the users.
of several typologies which are part of the historic
infrastructure which are intrinsically linked to the The mathas are traditional social infrastructure
temple activities and pilgrims of different sect visiting supporting the daily activities and rituals of the temple
the place. The sahis are characterized by a distinctive and in return Mahaprasad was provided in the past from
settlement pattern with open spaces, water harvesting the temple the details of which have been described in
and storage elements, a concentration of heritage Chapter 3. For example: the tulasi leaves are provided
buildings and precincts, streetscapes and street network from Emar matha which is grown on the open areas
with public spaces at intersections and form a adjacent to the Swetganga tank, the tahiya i.e. the head
distinctive buffer zone around the Sri Jagannatha gear of the three deities during the Rathayatra or
Temple. These are also repositories of traditions of Nabakalebara is provided by the sebayats of Raghabdas
local communities who have lived in Puri for Matha etc.
generations and therefore transmitted inter-
generational knowledge system of the area. Historically these mathas were allocated lands for
agriculture and the town had many gardens which have
The Mathas are located within these historic zones been lost over time due to the construction of
(Sahis) and are centred on the temple of Sri Jagannath. buildings within the precincts of the matha. In the
The origin of the Mathas is said to have been with memoir of William Bruton, who visited Puri in 1632
sadhus and saints in the past who established these AD, he described Puri as a garden city.
monasteries on lands donated by the king and other
wealthy people so as to provide ritual services in Sri In the Draft Comprehensive Development Plan-2031
Jagannath temple. Lands were also donated to the of the city, the residential area where the concentration
Mathas for Amritmanohi- the proceeds thereof were of Mathas is higher have been designated as part of
spent in offering Bhoga to Lord Jagannath and the Heritage Zone of the city where it is advised that no
Mahaprasad thus obtained, were distributed among the construction activity be permitted.4 The plan identifies
pilgrims, pupils, ascetics and all others. This living the Mathas of Puri as an important heritage resource
tradition continues and is extremely important as part which are recommended to be conserved and
of Indias rich religious cultural traditions. protected, however no guidelines have been given for
the conservation and upgradation of infrastructure
The Mathas are under the ownership of Endowment facilities in the Mathas.
Department under The Orissa Hindu Religious
Endowments Act, 1969. Due to lack of designation as Majority of Mathas are poorly maintained and do not
an important cultural asset of the city which merit have adequate infrastructure which are in dire need for
protection, several of these Mathas are in an advanced upgradation.
state of decay and require urgent attention for
4Zonal Landuse 2031. Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031. p.

75.
Map 8-10 Heritage and Restricted Building Areas as per the Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031
Source: Draft CDP 2031
Map 8-11 Mapping of Temples; Source: Project Team

Map 8-12 mapping of traditional social infrastructure -Mathas; Source: Project Team
Map 8-13 Mapping of traditional social infrastructure Jagagharas

Map 8-14 Mapping of social infrastructure - Ashrams;

Map 8-15 Mapping of Cultural heritage structures in Puri which includes temples, Mathas, Jagagharas, Ashrams and Water tanks

Sub Zone 1 D: Loknath Temple Precinct in a procession by monks, sevaks and devotees. On the
Mondays of the month of Shravan, the temple becomes
Considered second in significance to the Shree particularly colorful with the visitation of pilgrims of
Jagannath Temple itself, the Loknath Temple is the Kawaria Yatra, who bring holy water from river
dedicated to Lord Shiva which sits at the very apex of Ganga across long distances and come to the Loknath
the Shankha Kshetra the conch shell shaped sacred Temple on foot to offer it to lord Shiva.
geography of Puri. The temple complex, lies 1.5
kilometres west of Shree Jagannath Temple and can be The temple enclosure is located deep amidst cashew
reached by the Loknath Ghat road that passes through plantation and is accessed by a long winding road from
the Baseli Sahi and Harachandi Sahi two of the earliest that of the main access road. This inner road is provided
Sahis of Puri. The road is lined with many significant with temporary shelters, drinking water facility, toilets
religious structures such as temples, jaga gharas, naam and police security booths for the convenience of the
gharas and dharamshalas. hundreds of thousands of pilgrims who visit the temple
on Pankodhar Ekadashi, Shivaratri and Mondays of the
The Shiva Lingam at Loknath Temple is believed to month of Shravan. The historic precinct of the temple
have been installed by Lord Ramachandra himself, complex include the Shiva Temple, a Parvati Temple, a
thereby making the Loknath Temple a distinguished Ganesha Temple, a water tank named Parvati Sagar,
pilgrimage centre. While the Lingam remains adjacent bathing ghats and pavilions, a Nijoga
submerged in water throughout the year, on the Committee Office, a kitchen, shops supplying flowers
auspicious day of the Pankodhar Ekadashi, the water is and puja ingredients, water fountains and a number of
removed out, a day considered extremely important by smaller shrines dedicated to Hanuman, Nrusimha and
devotees for holy darshan. Other festivals that are other Hindu gods and goddesses. The holy tank of
celebrated in the temple include the Maha Shivratri, Parvati Sagar is believed to be connected with
Shambhu Ekadashi and Mondays of the month of Mahadodhi (the sea) and devotees believe that the water
Shravan is considered particularly propitious by can cure many diseases. Across the water tank, a new
devotees of Shiva. During , a representative image of construction is underway to accommodate the Panktee
Loknath Bhandar Loknath, who is considered to be Bhojonalaya or common dining area for devotees.
the guardian of Shree Jagannath temple treasury is
brought to the Loknath Temple amidst a colorful taken
Image 8-9 the temporary shelters provided for the Shravana mela in front of the Loknath Temple complex and Parabti Sagar tank on the edge of Temple
Loknath Temple is a prominent spiritual destination provision of temporary/semi-permanent physical

within Puri. While the Draft Comprehensive infrastructure for use by devotees that visit the temples
Development Plan recognizes the Loknath temple are some of the fundamental issues that need to be
complex as an important heritage structure, it does not addressed. With rising demand due to high and growing
elaborate further on this topic or provide numbers of visitation on the temple precinct and
recommendations to improve the condition of the increasing infrastructural requirements as exhibited by
precinct. It can thus be suggested that while the temple haphazard construction on new buildings in and around
itself is well taken care of, the organization of the the complex, it is necessary a Comprehensive
complex, the management of circulation, the conservation and development plan for the Loknath
maintenance of water quality in the tank, and the Temple precinct be prepared.
Map 8-16 Mapping and documentation of Festival Routes


ZONE I : Sankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
Recommendations in the
Attributes of Legal Regime in the state Completed / Ongoing Draft Master Plan and
Values Gap Shelf of Projects
Values and national level projects in the city other planning
documents
Historic & Religious Puri is an important The Shree Jagannatha temple and the The road widening scheme on Absense of building guidelines in the The CDP -2041 enlists that the key Design guidelines for the 300 metres
pilgrimage destination Atharanala are protected monuments the periphery of the Jagannatha 300 metres of the two ASI protected challenges with respect to heritage buffer zone of Shree Jagannath
among the four dhams under the Ancient Monuments and Temple structures. The protected management at Puri are poor temple
which were established by Archaeological Sites and Remains monuments are Shree Jagannatha maintenance of religious structures
Act and lack of infrastructure. Further
Adi Shankaracharya. temple and Athranala. visitors have limited knowledge of
This requires the structures to be the heritage that Puri is rich in.
kept in extremely high state of Unguided development is
conservation following good practice compromising the integrity of the The sector goals identified are
in conservation established at sites. protection of heritage resources of
national level. the town and promotion of
heritage/value based tourism by
increasing community involvement
The tangible heritage The AMASR 2010 Act requires 300 Storm water management The adhoc interventions and Urban Design and Building
in heritage concerns.
determine the form of the metres around the protected additions by urban local bodies and Guidelines for Historic City
sacred geography of the monument to be managed following individuals in areas of heritage value The action goals identified are : including Bada Danda (including
city and comprise temples norms and guidelines which would is transforming the historic character Development of heritage walks in protection of townscape values)
and Mathas linked with the ensure protection of heritage values
traditions, rituals and on one hand (through establishment of the place. identified routes
improved accessibility;
customs associated with of 100m prohibited zone) and
Restoration and renovation of
Lord Jagannatha. heritage sensitive development in the
protected heritage structures of the
subsequent 200 metres. The
city; Improvement of Swargdwar
guidelines have not been developed
Grand Road & Beach Revitalisation
and require to be developed at the
Signage Development (CDP -
local level, endorsed by the state
CRISIL pg. no 226 -228) )
level competent authority and
approved by the National
Monuments Authority
The complex traditional Two mathas associated with Absence of guidelines for Conservation of Mathas and other
knowledge systems is the Chaitinya Mahaprabhu have been conservation for unprotected historic structures ( Akhadas,
intangible heritage of the protected by the State Department heritage buildings. In the absence Jagagharas, temples) in Sahis
place and is linked with of Archaeology. of technical guidelines and heritage
cult of Shri Jagannatha. sensitive design details in the state Conservation of a select number of
These traditions are deep act or its rules for protection and mathas- as demonstration projects -
rooted in the life of the conservation of heritage buildings, namely Bada Odiya matha,
local community. the interventions in the protected Raghavdas matha, Dakshina Parsav
Mathas by the state are insensitive Matha, Bauli matha, Gangamata
to the architecture, materials and matha
construction techniques
Cultural Jagannatha temple, The mathas come under the Lack of signages and interpretative Museum/ Interpretation centre Interpretative Plan at the
Gundicha temple, Bada jurisdiction of the Department of information on the heritage proposal at Jaganntha Vallabha Settlement Level- Signages,
Danda and beach are the Endowment. attributes of the town because of Matha( source: Draft Linkages between Museum,
cultural attractions and The act does have provision which which visitors miss out on several Comprehensive Development Plan Interpretation Centre, artisan areas
thereby frequently visited recognises properties of heritage sites of heritage significance in the 2031) through development of Heritage
by pilgrims and visitors; value but does not have conservation town Walk/s
Intangible heritage and protection as part of the law There is no interpretation Centre or City Museum (on old Jail site)
attributes are known to be which can then be binding for both a Museum which would provide a
festivals. This information the site mangers as well as users. holistic understanding of the
too is not readily available traditions of Puri including an
to potential tourist. insight into its tangible and
intangible heritage
Townscape The historic fabric, narrow Absence of conservation and urban (included above)
lanes, architectural features design and development guidelines
of the temple mathas and which would ensure protection of
residences; natural features the various attributes of townscape
like tanks and ponds form value For instance the view of Shree
the townscape value of the Jagannatha temple from the
city /SKHZ. Atharanala was an extremely
The Jagannatha temple is important view for the approaching
constructed in Kalinga pilgrims. Protection of this visual
style architecture. relationship does not find a mention
The vernacular architecture in the development guidelines of the
of the city is represented in town.
the houses with high
plinth, colonnaded
verandas and thatch roof
with a courtyard inside.
Architectural The buildings of heritage Policy of Odisha state in promotion The sacred water tanks are owned
value in Puri have a of traditional knowledge in building by Shree Jagannatha temple Trust Provision for conservation and
distinctive architectural and vernacular architectural style is while the management is undertaken development guidelines for
style with use of locally not proactive by Municipality. In the recent unprotected heritage buildings,
available building materials development initiatives of the state tanks, temples and gardens
and unique construction and local government repair and
techniques. The region is landscape improvement
rich in traditions of interventions were taken on these
building linked using age structures. The interventions are
old skills and materials incompatible with the heritage
sensibilities values and materials of the tanks
and thus have severely
compromised the authenticity and
integrity of the structures. These
require protection under the act
with provisions for conservation
based development in the planning
documents as well as guidelines of
both local government notifications.
Buildings being built by the Development of policies promoting
government, other than in tourism the use of vernacular architecture,
projects do not promote the use of traditional materials and
traditional materials and construction systems.
construction systems. The
vernacular needs to be promoted
through cultural heritage and
tourism development projects as
well as in institutional buildings and
landscape development at urban
scale
Recreational This heritage zone has The traditional gardens and open The gardens of Puri are in a state of Proposed Parking : Multilevel car Integrated landscape, interpretation
several gardens - the town spaces are not protected though neglect and require to be landscaped park at Jagannath Ballav Matha, and visitor amenities and
of Puri was known to be a notified forests are. Development of and maintained for use by both local Parking near Puri Railway Station, infrastructure development plan for
'garden town' several Puri is guided by the Coastal community and visitors. Several Parking near Gundicha Bus Stand, Shree Jagannath Ballabh Garden
centuries ago and remnants Regulation Zones for Zone II. gardens can be seen along the Multilevel car park at Marine Drive,
of these can be seen till Swargdwar road. There are gardens Parking near Chandrabhaga
date. These are vital open in Mathas and Jagagharas which too (source: Draft Comprehensive Landscape interventions for gardens
spaces of recreational value are in a state of neglect. Shree Development Plan -2031) of Puri, particularly those in mathas
but in a state of neglect Jagannatha Ballabh Matha, used by and jagagharas, enabling them to be
the deity as a pleasure garden Development of multi-storeyed used as public recreational facilities.
requires landscape intervention to parking at sea beach and Jagannatha
be used by the local community and Temple and Designated parking
visitors as a recreational space. zones for specially abled people
(source :City Development Plan
2041)
The CDP -2041 enlists that the key Bada Danda Streetscape Project
challenges with respect to heritage (including re-organizing space usage
management at Puri are poor for commercial, cultural and social
maintenance of religious structure activities and through improved
and lack of infrastructure. Further vehicular and pedestrian mobility,
visitors have limited knowledge of landscape development and
the heritage zones. interpretation)
The sector goals identified are
protection of heritage resources of Improved pedestrian environment
the town and promotion of through Interpretation, provision of
Heritage/value based tourism by Visitor Amenities and infrastructure
increasing people involvement in (including toilets) in the heritage
heritage concerns. area more specifically the key roads
The action goals identified are : connecting Shree Jagannatha temple
Development of heritage walks in to other sites of significance Bada
identified routes improved Danda, Swargdwar road,
accessibility Markendeya Tank road and Lok
Restoration and renovation of Nath temple road
protected heritage structures of
the city. Integrated mobility plan with
Improvement of Swargdwar improved pedestrian and vehicular
Grand Road & Beach traffic infrastructure in the heritage
Revitalisation zone integrated with the larger city
Signage Development (CDP - plan
CRISIL pg. no 226 -228) )
Comprehensive Development and
Need for an integrated Mobility Visitor Management Plan for
plan- to address public transport, Loknath temple
vehicular (both cars and light) as
well as pedestrian movement. This Illumination Policy
requires to be undertaken for the Vending Policy
Grand Road interlinked with the Hoarding Policy
historic as well as modern parts of Urban Design and Building
the city. And improved pedestrian Guidelines for Bada Danda
movement system. ( Source: Draft
CDP 2031)
Provision of street lighting

according to UDPFI guidelines (
source: Draft Comprehensive
Development Plan 2031)
8.3 River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone
8.3.1 Description with the main important festivals of the city like
The River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone can be Chandan Yatra at Narendra tank.
broadly described to be located on the northern edge of
the municipal limits of Puri town (along the NH 203
Cultural
and NH 203A) - from Athranala bridge to Mangala 1. The Brahmgiri Road, along the Musa River is used
by pilgrims to enter the city. There are two
Ghat bridge via Devi Ghat Bridge. It comprises of
prominent linkages with the Bada Danda from the
naturally and ecologically significant elements which are
Brahmgiri road; one being the road along the Puri
also of considerable cultural significance. The various
Jail and the second the road along Narendra Tank.
attributes of this zone are described below.
Brahmgiri Road is also used by pilgrims on foot
8.3.2 Attributes of Values visiting the Lok Nath Temple.
Historic Recreational
1. The river Musa and Mangala are two main rivers 1. The water tanks, river and pokharis are different
components of the water system in Puri. The water recreational facilities for the local residents of sahis
tanks are of historic and religious significance and as well as the pilgrims
form a part of the sacred geography of city.
2. Atharanala is a historic tangible heritage which was 8.3.3 SWOT Analysis
the main entry point to the city through Jagannatha
Sadak, now NH 203. From the bridge the pilgrims/
tourists and visitors get their first glimpse of the Strength
shikhar and Neelchakra of Shree Jagannatha The Musa River is located close to the major
Temple, their first darshan. attractions on Bada Danda Road, Narendra Tank,
3. The Akhadas and Jagagharas are components of Atharnala Bridge and other heritage and culturally
the traditional social infrastructure of Puri, having significant sites
been created to train young men to protect the The Musa River is also located at the southern edge
Jagannath Temple before the Meghnad Pacheri had of the proposed New Town
been built. These institutions house within their The Tanks are located within the Sahis close to
campuses water tanks called pokhris. The pokhris Bada Danda Road
are important resources for rainwater harvesting The Tanks have great cultural significance and are
and hence a source for ground water recharge an important part of the pilgrimage
Environmental The Narendra Tank hosts the Chandan Yatra
1. The Sweet Water Zones are the two natural The ponds are located within Jagagrahas and are an
aquifers of the city and the only source of water important element in this social amenity and
supply in the city. contribute towards the maintenance of the jagas
2. The river Musa and Mangala contribute to the economically through fishery related economy.
ground water recharge of the area along with the The Government has identified and taken
pokhris which are located primarily along the measures to protect the sweet water zones
Mangala river in the north western and western part
of the old town Weakness
Infestation of water hyacinth and other invasive
Religious species in the Musa River
1. The Water Tanks are important pilgrimage sites of Musa River is ecologically in a very poor state
religious significance. These are also associated Garbage strewn along river and tank edges
At the tanks, other than at Swetganga Tank there the contamination of river water and the as the
are no dressing rooms for visitors slum colony. This encroachment has blocked the
There is limited way finding signage for visitors at visual linkage between the Brahmgiri road and the
the tanks river as a result of which it is impossible to
The water quality in the tanks is poor due to solid recognize that the river even exists.
waste and run off from surrounding areas entering
Cultural
the tanks.
1. A new bridge has been constructed parallel to the
Opportunity Atharanala. This Bridge in design and location
compromises the integrity of the historic bridge.
The Musa River is wide, there is opportunity to
2. Lack of signage and interpretation of heritage sites
narrow the river; thereby increasing the flow of it
and the cultural narrative associated with the river,
and creating adequate area for flood plains and
the built heritage along the river.
recreation space
3. Incompatible use of materials for repair and
Considering the location and space available of the
addition and interventions which have transformed
Musa River, there is an opportunity for it to
the historic character of the tanks
become a vital public amenity
Improved accessibility and way finding to the tanks Recreational
will make it easier for visitors 1. There are no foot paths for the pedestrians along
The tanks require dressing rooms especially for the Brahmgiri road. The road carries mixed traffic.
visitors who bathe in them The encroachment over the years threatens to
Solid waste management strategy to prevent the impact the RoW which requires to be protected
build of waste along the tanks and in the water. given the significance of the road for vehicular
Steps to improve the water quality with the aid of movement.
filtration systems and regular maintenance
Environmental
Threats
1. The pokhris require dredging and de-silting as well
The New Town Puri development will increase as removal of weeds in several cases. These are
the stress on the Musa River area community assets and located within 8 Akhadas
Development in and around the sweet water zone and over 60 Jagagharas. There is an urgent need to
Untreated sewage from the open drains flowing support the conservation and revitalization of these
into the Musa River and growth of slums on the historic infrastructures. The pokhris also provide
river edge continue to exasperate the situation. revenue to the Jagagharas and hence this
intervention would assist in sustenance of these
8.3.4 Issues community institutions.
2. In case of Baliapanda, Puri Municpality has
constructed boundary wall demarcating the area.
Historic
The boundary wall is broken at places. The edges
1. The Musa River has been truncated for a large part
of the wall has been encroached upon. The area has
of its course. Due to this there is no flow of water
problem of open defecation which is
in the river.
contaminating the ground water/sweet water zone.
2. The historic connection between the river and the
3. The Sweet Water Zone at Chakratirtha does not
tanks is blocked.
have any edge definition, though in use as a
3. The untreated waste water is discharged into the
playground by the local community, it is also
river Musa which has induced infestation of water
vulnerable to encroachment .During the festivals
hyacinth and other invasive species in it
such as Rathayatra and Nabakalebara, these zones
4. Linear development of slum and commercial shop
are designated as parking space. There is need for
along the NH 203 and NH 203 A is contributing to
environmental improvement through landscape

development to ensure protection and ground
water recharge of the sweet water zones
Religious
1. The water quality in the tanks is poor due to solid
waste and run off from surrounding areas entering
the tanks.
2. Lack of pilgrim infrastructure near to the tanks
such as changing rooms, toilets.
3. Lack of interpretation and signage for the tank.
Image 8-10 Water weeds clogging the channel of River Musa

Map 8-17 Proposed Land Use along River Musa

Source: Draft Comprehencive Development Plan 2031
Image 8-11 Catchment area of River Musa


8.3.5 Recommendations The key interventions identified under urban

The Draft Comprehensive Development Plan 2031 environment are rejuvenation of water bodies, pollution
identifies the river, lakes, water tanks, wetlands and mitigation strategies, and coastal zone plantation and
marshy lands to be protected and preserved and disaster managemet.100% preservation of water bodies,
recommends that they not be built over ground water recharge and rejuvenation to be achieved
by 2021. Further solar street lights and rooftop solar
The Draft Master Plan identifies these ecologically and projects have been proposed5. Renovation of Narendra
environmentally sensitive areas as Conservation areas Tank and Markandeya Tank have also been
where the permitted activities are lake cleaning (de- recommended6.
weeding, de-silting, etc.). Treatment of catchment area
is recommended which could include afforestation, The Sahis and the older areas of the city have open
storm water drainage and silt traps etc., strengthening drains which carry storm water as well as waste water.
of bunds, lake fencing and shoreline development; lake The Bada Danda Road is geographically on the highest
front eco development including public interface. point in the city; storm water from the road and the
Sahis north of Bada Danda Road used to earlier drain
Map 8-18 Sewerage System of Puri

5 City Development Plan for Puri -2014, 229 p. 6 City Development Plan for Puri -2014, 228 p.
into the Musa River which was the main channel for the waste in them. As a result of this the drains often
dispersal of storm water. With the growing population overflow during the monsoon periods
in Puri and increase in the encroachment of its flood
plains the city began experiencing a greater threat from The City has recently been provided with 15MLD
floods, to help alleviate this problem the Musa River capacity Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) on the banks of
was connected with the Mangala River to serve as a the Mangala River and the Bankimuhan WWTP has
continuous channel for the dispersal of storm. been installed with enzyme treatment system. The plant
at Mangala river addresses the needs of the northern
Later, drains (Dhobha Sahi and Ganamalla Drains) part of the city while the Bankimuhan, the southern
were constructed to lead waste water and storm water part.
to the Bankimuhan Waste Water Treatment Plant
(WWTP); this comprises approximately 70% of waste At present majority of the commercial establishments
and storm water and the remaining the volume of waste including hotels are connected to the sewage pipe
and storm water flow to the Musa River. Currently the network and over the coming years the residences in the
drains are choked due to the illegal dumping of solid old city will also be connected to the network
Map 8-19 Drainage of Puri Source: Project Team

8.3.6. Sub Zones
Based on its spatial and architectural characteristics, use In the proposed Draft Master Plan high density
and jurisdiction, the River Musa Environmental residential development is proposed to the north of the
Heritage Zone is further divided into four sub zones as river. The impact of this nature of development on the
listed below: catchment of the river Musa requires to be examined
carefully. The southern edge of the river has low and
River Sub Zone 2 A: Rejuvenation and Landscape medium density residential areas along with the pockets
Musa Intervention along River Musa and its
Environ- catchment area of recreational spaces and water tanks such as Narendra
mental Tank, Indradyumna, Markandeya etc.
Heritage Sub Zone 2 B: Conservation of Religious and
Historic Water Tanks
Zone
The river is covered with water hyacinth which has
Sub Zone 2 C: Revitalization of Pokhars and completely choked flow in the river. The quality of
Ponds within Jagagharas and Akhadas
water is very poor and is impacted by untreated sewage
Sub Zone 2 D: Conservation of Sweet Water which finds its way into the river. The CDP also
Zones at Baliapanda and Chakratirtha
recommends a new bus stand adjacent to the river and
wetlands. The program also recommends shopping
Sub Zone 2A: Rejuvenation and Landscape malls, eateries and petrol pumps and gardens. The
Intervention along River Musa and its nature of development and design guidelines are
catchment area recommended to be carefully developed informed by
an overall strategy for revival of the river and its
This Zone encompasses: continued existence and at the same time a
development paradigm which creates a recreational
1. Atharanala Revitalization - development of heritage space for the people of Puri as well as the visitors. The
entry point by developing the area with information attributes of cultural and environmental significance of
centre, exhibition centre and recreation centre7. river should be the key ordering elements for future
2. Conservation of Atharanala bridge (an ASI development.
protected structure)
3. Musa River Under Rajiv Awas Yojna, Puri Municipality has
4. Mangla River undertaken survey and mapping of the slums in the
5. Mitiani Jheel municipal limits. 62 slums were identified among which
6. Water tanks such as Indradyumna, Narendra tank, the main slum areas along the NH 203 and NH 203A
Markandeshwar tank as well as other smaller tanks are Narendra Konaharijan basti, Mangala sahi N.S.
and Pokharis located in jagagharas or open areas and depot adjacent to the Narendra tank, Matitota and
7. Green belt and open areas along the stretch. Masani chandi.
The river among other aspects is extremely important The location of these slums along the road and their
for storm water management of the city, it is of historic proximity to the river edge is a cause of concern due to
significance as well and impacts the health of the water poor hygienic condition, open defecation along the
tanks. At present the truncation of the river by an river edge. The verandah or the wall of these houses are
unchecked combination of encroachment through abutting on to the road without any setback or
illegal housings and agglomeration of water-weeds is a provision of footpaths for the visitors/pilgrims thus a
major cause of ecological concern.
7 City Development Plan for Puri -2014, 227 p.

threat to both life and property due to the traffic Part of the storm water drainage network of the city
movement on this major road to the city. slope toward Musa River to the north of Grand road.
This road is also the route taken by the pilgrims - the

kavarians during the month of shravana who visit Puri by
to have darshan of Shiva at Loknatha temple.
A garbage dumping ground is located near

Kumharpada Police station which contaminates the
water of the river.
Map 8-20 Activities alon Musa river and Brahmagiri road


Map 8-21 Heritage structures identified along the Brahmagiri road and Musa River
Map 8-22 Identified slum location along the Brahmagiri Road based on field survey and Gis mapping of slums by Puri Municipality

Sub Zone 2B: Conservation of Religious and pokhris are community facilities and provide the
Historic Water Tanks Jagagharas with a source of revenue, continued use of the
pokhris as source of water is important for replenishing
The water tanks are part of the sacred geography and of the ground water. It is important to recall here that
are extremely significant for both local community and the sweet water zones are extremely unique geological
pilgrims. Few of them are closely linked to rites of phenomena of Puri to which Puri owes its survival as it
passage and others with the rituals and festivals is a vital source of drinking water.
associated with Shree Jagannath. The tanks are located
close to gardens which too are of cultural significance.
Sub Zone 2C: Revitalization of Pokhars and

Ponds within Jagagharas and Akhadas
The pokhris of Jagagharas are important cultural and

ecologically significant elements of Puri. While the
Map 8-23 Water tanks, ponds and pokhars of Puri


Sub Zone 2D: Conservation of Sweet Water While the brick wall demarcating the boundary of
Zones at Baliapanda and Chakratirtha Baliapanda Sweet Water Zone is broken at places,
allowing for slum encroachment within the area, the
The fresh water supply of Puri is currently entirely other zone at Baliapanda lacks any demarcation at all.
dependent on the aquifers of Chakratirtha and Awareness regarding the importance of these zones for
Baliapanda that come to approximately 700 Acres. the city of Puri needs to be developed and landscape
However, owing to the lack of enforcement of interventions employed to ensure the protection of
notifications and laws protecting this area, it suffers these sites under the Hriday scheme.
from encroachment at present.
Map: 8-1: Position of Slums on Sweet Water Zones of Puri


ZONE II : River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone
The main element within the Zone are River Musa and Managala, Atharanala bridge Water Tanks, Sweetwater zones and small ponds and
pokharisSankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
documents
Historic The river Musa and NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Part of the river Musa was The Musa river has been truncated The Draft Comprehensive Cleaning of River Musa through
Mangala are two main POLICY 2006:Promotes integrated dredged and the weeds and for a large part of its course. Due Development Plan 2031 identifies Desilting, dredging and removal of
rivers that are important approaches to management of water hyacinth were removed. to this there is no flow of water in the river, lakes, water tanks, wetlands water hyacinth.
components of the water river basins by the concerned This was done for the area the river. and marshy lands to be protected
system in Puri. river authorities, considering adjacant to the Atharanala and preserved and should not be Slum Rehabilitation from the NH
upstream and downstream inflows bridge. The project was The historic connection between built over 203 and NH 203 A
The water tanks are of and withdrawals by season, interface undertaken as part of the the river and the tanks is blocked.
historic and religious between land and water, pollution preparations for the The Draft Master Plan identifies Urban design and landscape
significance which are part loads and natural regeneration Nabakalebara festival. The rest The untreated waste water is these ecologically and improvement along the road and the
of the sacred geography of capacities, to ensure maintenance of of the river continues to be discharged into the river Musa environmentally sensitive areas as river.
city. adequate flows, in particular for densely infested by weeds which has induced infestation of Conservation areas where the
maintenance of in-stream water hyacinth and other invasive permitted activities are lake cleaning
ecological values, and adherence species in it (deweeding, de-silting, etc.).
to water quality standards Treatment of catchment area is
throughout their course in all Linear development of slum and recommended which could include
seasons commercial shop along the NH afforestation, storm water drainage
203 and NH 203 A is contributing and silt traps etc,; strengthening of
Integrate conservation and wise to the contamination of river water bund, lake fencing and shoreline
use of wetlands into river basin and the as the slum colony. This development ; lake front eco
management involving all relevant encroachment has blocked the develooment including public
stakeholders, in particular local visual linkage between the interface.
communities, to ensure Brahmgiri road and the river as a
maintenance of hydrological result of which it is impossible to The key interventions identified
regimes and conservation of recognise that the river even exists. under urban environment are
Atharanala is a historic biodiversity OTDC has developed a small Lack of signage and interpretation rejuvenation of water bodies, Conservation of Atharanala and
tangible heritage which was park as a recreational facility in of heritage sites and the cultural pollution mitigation strategies, and development of the area.
the main entry point to the the middle of the road junction narrative associated with the river, coastal zone plantation and disaster
city through Jagannatha created at the divergence of NH the built heritage along the river. managemet.100% preservation of Interpretative Signages
Sadak / NH 203. From the 203 and Nabakalebara road water bodies, ground water recharge
bridge the pilgrims/ A new bridge has been constructed and rejuvenation to be achieved by
tourists and vistors get the parallel to the Atharanala This 2021. Further solar street lights and
first glimpse of the shikhar A new bridge has been recently bridge in design and location rooftop solar projects have been
of Jagannatha Temple, the built across the river Musa in compromises the integrity of the proposed. (CDP 2041 by CRISIL.
first darshan close proximity of the historic bridge. pg. no. 229)
Atharanala. Renovation of Narendra Tank and
Markandeya Tank (CDP 2041 by
CRISIL. pg. no. 228)
Atharanala revitalization -
development of heritage entry point
by developing the area with
information centre , exhibition
centre and recreation centre. ( CDP -
CRISIL pg. no 227) )
The Akhadas and The pokhris require dredging and
Jagagharas are the desilting as well as removal of
traditional social weeds in several cases. These are
infrastructure of historic community assets and located
significance of Puri. These within 8 Akhadas and over 60
institutions have water Jagagharas. There is an urgent need
tanks called pokhris within to support the conservation and
there properties. The revitalisation of these historic
pokhris are important infrastructures. The pokhris also
resources for rainwater provide revenue to the Jagagharas
harvesting and hence a and hence this intervention would
source for ground water assist in sustainance of these
recharge community institutions
Environmental The Sweet Water Zones Shifting of Waste water The controlled recharge of aquifers, Protection and preservation of the
are the two natural aquifers treatment plan from Baliapanda monitoring of water quality, recharge Sweet Water Zone as an important
of the city and are the only to Sippasirbali outside the In case of Baliapanda, Puri enhancement activities are resource.
source of water supply in Municiplaity Jurisdiction.( Municpality has constructed recommended for the aquifers /
the city. source : Puri Municiplaity and boundary wall demarcating the sweet water zone which are part of Construction of boundary wall
CRISIL report ) area. The boundary wall is broken the Conservation areas in the Draft defining the extents of the protected
at places. The edges of the wall has Comprehensive Development Plan area of Sweet Water Zone
Shfiting of solid waste dumping been encroached upon. The area 2031.
ground from Baliapanda to has problem of open defecation Removal and rehabilitation of
Samang ( Source: Puri which is contaminating the ground Water extraction and permanent encroachment and slum on the
Municipality) water/sweet water zone. construction under public utilities periphery of Sweet Water Zone.
have are listed as restricted activities
During Nabakalebara and The Sweet Water Zone at which can be permitted on Landscape development in the area
Rathayatra festival these areas Chakratirtha does not have any recommendations. based on environmental impact
of sweet water zones are used edge definition, though in use as a assessment studies.
as temporary parking, and playground by the local
providing of temporary tourist community, it is also vulnerable to
accomodation and amenities . encroachment .During the festivals
such as Rathayatra and
Nabakalebara, these zones are
designated as parking space.
There is need for environmental
improvement through landscape
development to ensure protection
and ground water recharge of the
sweet water zones
The river Musa and

Mangala contribute to the
ground water recharge of
the area along with
pokhris which are located
primarily along the
Mangala river, in the north
western and western part
of the old town
Religious The Water Tanks are an 1. Dredging and Desilting of The water quality in the tanks is Dredging and de-silting of the
important pilgrimage sites Narendra Tank at Puri by poor due to solid waste and run off Historic Water Tanks
of religious significance. Department of Water Resource, from surrounding areas entering
These are also associated Govt. of Odisha. the tanks. Repair and de-vegetation of the
with the main important retaining walls of the tanks and
festivals of the city like 2. Desilting of Swetganga Water Lack of pilgrim infrastructure near provision for visitor amenities
Chandan Yatra at Tank by Neel Madab Samiti ( a to the tanks such as changing
Narendra tank local youth club) rooms , toilets. Water fountains for oxidation of the
water in tanks
3. Repair and construction of Lack of interpreation and signages
the retaining wall on the for the tank. Rejuvenation of Pokharis and social
Periphery of Marakanda Tanka infrastructure development of
and Indradyumna Tank by R & Incompatible use of materials for Jagaghara
B Division, Puri repair and addition and
interventions which have
transformed the historic character
of the tanks
Cultural The Brahmgiri road, along There are no foot paths for the
the Musa river is used by pedestrians along the Brahmgiri
pilgrims to enter the city. road. The road carries mixed
There are two prominent traffic. The encroachment over the
linkages with the Bada years threatens to impact the RoW
Danda from the Brahmgiri which requires to be protected
road, one being the road given the significance of the road
along the Puri Jail and the for vehicular movement.
second is the road along
Narendra Tank. Brahmgiri
road also is the road used
by pilgrims on foot visiting
the Lok Nath Temple.
Recreational The water tanks, river and
pokharis are different
recreational facilities for
the local residents of sahis
as well as the pilgrims
8.4 Balukhanda Recreational Zone
8.4.1 Description 8.4.2 Attributes of Values

This zone is defined by the coastal stretch within the Religious
Municipal limits which is a very important recreational 1. The sea at Puri is known as Mahadodhi Tirtha, and
area for the pilgrims, visitors and local community. It is one of the Pancha Tritha -- the five water
acts as a buffer during the festival which absorbs the pilgrimages for the believers to take a dip in, before
crowd through the occassions like Nabakalebera and they arrive at Shree Jagannath Temple for worship.
Rathayatra, and is an important area of activity in the
mornings and evenings. 2. Swargdwar is a prominent site along the sea,
marked by a crematorium and considered
As a significant recreational area and a highly visited
particularly holy for Hindus.
place by tourists, an evening market becomes active on
the beach displaying the local craft products like items
3. The Swargdwar Road is a prominent avenue owing
made from stone, shells, jute, wood, etc. along with the
to the fact that the representative idol of Lord
food stalls selling sea food, coconut water, tea etc. The
Jagannath is carried down this road in a procession
sand artists display their skills during evening at
on each Amavasya to Swargdwar, so that he can
different locations on the beach
welcome Gods into this world through the portal
that is believed to exist between heaven and earth.
Map 8-24 Activity Nodes;

Source: CRCI

Cultural 4. The fishing village is part of the cultural continuity

1. The Puri Beach festival is a cultural program of the people of Puri. These are fisherman who
organized by the Odisha Department of Tourism have continued to live in Puri for generations. .
each year.
Landscape
2. The many vendors on the beach selling handicraft 1. The long expanse of the beach provides for a
items provide a thriving market, thereby keeping backdrop to the city and is at present marked by a
the cottage industries of the region alive. marine drive and promenade. Most of the
vegetation along the beach was uprooted in the
3. The beach also encourages the growing culture of super cyclone of 1999.
sand art and local artists take place in festivals and
Economic
competitions across the world.
1. Even apart from the vending activity occurring on
Recreational the beach, the edge of the Marine Drive and
1. The beach front of the city creates the city's main Chakratirtha Road are lined with hotels, all of
open space and recreational zone. The open areas which contribute to Puri's economy.
of the sweet water zones and the newly constructed
8.4.3 SWOT Analysis
Gandhi Smriti Pitha are also all adjacent to the sea.
Strength
2. The sea promotes recreational and leisure tourism The beach along Marine Drive is well maintained
in Puri, in addition to existing pilgrimage tourism. The beach along the Marine Drive is well
programmed with a diverse range of activities
3. The beach further helps in heritage management by The sea is of both cultural and recreational
acting as 'counter magnet' to diffuse the stress of significance.
visitation on heritage structures, which in absence
of the beach would have encouraged visitors to Weakness
spend entire time around and in the Jagannath The Marine Drive road is congested and there is
temple thus inducing traffic and visitor no dedicated stand for the auto rickshaws and cycle
management challenges . rickshaws
There are no dressing rooms and facilities for
Environmental visitors to store their personal belongings
1. Running at a length of nearly 9 kilometers, the
The Marine Drive road does not have a definitive
beach at Puri forms the entire South-eastern edge
character, the facades dont have a common theme
of the city and influences the city's maritime and the urban design guidelines at present dont
climate.
control the setbacks and boundary walls well
2. Rivers Musa and Mangala both form estuaries on
edges of the city and fall into the sea, creating Opportunity
estuaries The stretch of beach east of the Gandhi Park is not
3. The water system at Banki Muhana, meant to serve patronized as much as the western side. There is an
as a Storm Water Drain, is in effect a sewer, as opportunity to programme this eastern side of the
untreated sewage finds its way to this system from beach and make it active and vibrant area.
nearby slums and area is not provided with a
sewerage system. The fact that this water falls Threats
directly on to the sea creates cause for serious Untreated or minimally treated sewage being
concern regarding eco sensitivity of this area released into the sea will damage the sea life and
reduce the attractiveness of the beach.

8.4.4 Issues Economic
1. Contiguous hard skyline of hotels along the sea

Religious front in the absence of green spaces further
1. The practice of open air cremations is a hazard punctuated with cultural facilities. The
both environmentally as it creates unsanitary monoculture of building front which is primarily
conditions which is particularly alarming as the hotels creates discontinuities in the experience of
Swargdwar Area is extremely densely inhabited and Puri's heritage as an experience for the visitors.
a live tourist area. 2. Need for better designed space usage plan for the
2. The Swargdwar Road is narrow, which is on beach along the Marine drive with improved visitor
pedestrian scale. The road is marked by several amenities
temples, mathas, ashramas and gardens of heritage 3. Absence of design guidelines and defined material
significance. There is a need for a mobility plan to palette for street furniture, visitor amenities and
address both vehicular and pedestrian movement vending kiosks as well as walkways on the beach
on this road as part of a larger mobility plan. front thereby giving the beach a very untidy visual
Guidelines protecting structures of heritage value character.
are necessary. The node of Swargdwar which has
been provided with statue of Chatinya Mahaprabhu 8.4.5 Recommendations
and that of Swargdwar itself houses several mathas. The Puri City Development Plan 2006 recommends
There is a need for an integrated streetscape the provision of green and
development plan which would give a distinctive environmental monitoring infrastructure within this
cultural identity to this node. zone.
Recreational
1. Increased recreational development required along
the beach. Landscape development of sea front as
a continuous recreational space with varied
character zones.
Environmental
1. There has been observed a case of saline water
ingress in both the estuaries of Musa and Magala.
This issue should be addressed urgently as this may
cause for the saline contamination of the city's
ground water table.
2. The slums adjoining the water system should be
given better sanitary facilities to prevent the
pollution of this water. The water should be
suitably treated to ensure that no contamination is
caused in sea water.
3. The village should be provided with sanitary and
risk mitigation facilities.
Landscape
1. Green groundcover lost during the super cyclone

of 1996 should be considered for re-plantation to
decrease soil erosion.

8.4.6 Sub Zones cultural nodes and assets identified along the stretch
Based on its spatial and architectural characteristics, use are:
and jurisdiction, the River Musa Environmental
1. Junction where the Mangala River meets the sea.
Heritage Zone is further divided into four sub zones as
2. Sweet Water Zone at Baliapanda
listed below:
3. Swargdwar
Balukhanda Sub Zone 3 A: Development of Beach Front 4. Beach
Recreational and Marine Drive
5. VIP road
Zone
6. Chakratirtha Road and fishermen settlement
Sub Zone 3 B: Environmental Improvement
and Landscape Development Plans for
Sweet Water Zones Sub Zone 3B: Environmental Improvement and
Sub Zone 3 C: Landscape Development for Landscape Development Plans for Sweet
Garden at Banki Muhana
Water Zones
The fresh water supply of Puri is currently entirely
dependent on the aquifers of Chakratirtha and
Baliapanda that come to approximately 700 Acres. At
present, these Sweet Water Zones are under threat from
Sub Zone 3A: Development of Beach Front
encroachment. Slums have grown along their edges and
and Marine Drive open defecation by the slum-dwellers in these fields
The road along the entire length of the beach is divided cause concern regarding contamination of the ground
into three parts and named as Beach Road, Governor
water table. Thus landscape interventions need to be
House Road and Chakratirtha Road. The zone falls identified within these zones that would ensure that
within the Coastal Regulation Zones II. The important
they suffer from no environmental degradation.

Sub Zone 3C: Landscape Development for maintained that acts towards supporting the Storm
Garden at Banki Muhana Water Drainage System of Puri
Except for the beach front promenade, Puri town has
inadequate recreational spaces. Also, these areas are
inadequate in view of large number of visiting
population. It is observed that the core city is already
saturated and availability of land for recreation facilities
is extremely limited.
The development of a landscape garden using the waste

water from the Waste Water Treatment Plant at Banku
Muhana has thus been recommended. This
recommendation goes towards the hope that this
growth will be incremental, and seen in conjunction
with Gandhi Smriti Pitha and other future green open
spaces form a green belt covering a wild belt at the edge
of the sea beach and urbanity.
This development would also go towards revival of the

memory of River Matiani, which once flowed through
the heart of Puri, but has now been reduced to a mere
pond system at Banki Muhana unsanitary and ill
Map 8-25 Open Spaces at Puri; Source: Project Team

Image 8-12Bankimuhana, sea beach and the fishermen settlement
Image 8-13 the narine drive road near the sterling hotel
Image 8-14 Bankimuhana

ZONE III : Balukhanda Recreational Zone
documents
Religious The sea at Puri is known as CRZ, PKDA Building Regulations

Mahadodhi Tirtha, and is
one of the Pancha Tritha --
the five water pilgrimages
for the believers to take a
dip in, before they arrive at
Shree Jagannatha Temple
for worship.
Swargdwar is a prominent The practice of open air cremations

site along the sea, marked is a hazard both environmentally as
by a crematorium and it creates unsanitary conditions
considered particularly which is particularly alarming as the
holy for Hindus. Swargdwar Area is extremely
densely inhabited and a live tourist
area,.
The Swargdwar Road is a The Swargdwar Road is narrow,
prominent avenue owing which is on pedestrian scale. The
to the fact that the road is marked by several temples,
representative idol of Lord mathas, ashramas and gardens of
Jagannatha is carried down heritage significance. There is a
this road in a procession need for a mobility plan to address
on each Amavasya to both vehicular and pedestrian
Swargdwar, so that he can movement on this road as part of a
welcome Gods into this larger mobility plan. Guidelines
world through the portal protecting structures of heritage
that is believed to exist value are necessary. The node of
between heaven and earth. Swargdwar which has been
provided with statue of Chatinya
Mahaprabhu and that of
Swargdwar itself houses several
mathas. There is a need for an
integrated streetscape development
plan which would give a distinctive
cultural identity to this node.
Cultural The Puri Beach festival is a Absence of policy for vending and
cultural program organized none vending zones
by the Odisha Department
of Tourism each year.
The many vendors on the
beach selling handicraft
items provide a thriving
market, thereby keeping
the cottage industries of
the region alive.
The beach also encourages
the growing culture of
sand art and local artists
take place in festivals and
competitions across the
world.
Recreational The beach front of the city Gandhi Smriti Pitha on The Sweet water zones at Environmental Improvement and
creates the city's main open Governor's House Road Baliapanda and Chakratirtha need landscape development plan for the
space and recreational to be protected through the Sweet water zones
zone. The open areas of enforcement of existing laws and
the sweet water zones and provision of further supporting
the newly constructed legislation
Gandhi Smriti Pitha are
also all adjacent to the sea.
The sea promotes

recreational and leisure
tourism in Puri, in addition
to existing pilgrimage
tourism.
The beach further helps in Increased recreational development Boardwalk on beach
heritage management by required along the beach.
acting as 'counter magnet' Landscape development of sea Landscape development for the
to diffuse the stress of front as a continuous recreational garden at Bankimuhan
visitation on heritage space with varied character zones.
structures, which in
absence of the beach
would have encoraged
visitors to spend entire
time around and in the
Jagannath temple thus
inducing traffic and visitor
management challenges .
Environmental Running at a length of Green infrastructure and
nearly 9 kilometers, the Environmental monitoring
beach at Puri forms the infrastructure prescribed in the Puri
entire South-eastern edge City Development Plan - 2006
of the city and influences
the city's maritime climate.
Rivers Musa and Mangala There has been observed a case of
both form estuaries on saline water ingress in both the
edges of the city and fall estuaries of Musa and Mangala.
into the sea, creating This issue should be addressed
estuaries urgently as this may cause for the
saline contamination of the city's
ground water table.
The water system at Banki The slums adjoining the water
Muhana, meant to serve as system should be given better
a Storm Water Drain, is in sanitary facilities to prevent the
effect a sewer, as untreated pollution of this water. The water
sewage finds its way to this should be suitably treated to ensure
system from nearby slums that no contamination is caused in
and area is not provided sea water.
with a sewerage system.
The fact that this water
falls directly on to the sea
creates cause for serious
concern regarding eco
sensitivity of this area
The fishing village is part Rejuvenation of Pond System at The village should be provided
of the cultural continuity Banki Muhana with sanitary and risk mitigation
of the people of Puri. facilities.
These are fisherman who
have continued to live in
Puri for generations. .
Landscape The long expanse of the Green groundcover lost during the Landscape Interventions along
beach provides for a super cyclone of 1996 should be Beach
backdrop to the city and is considered for re-plantation to
at present marked by a decrease soil erosion.
marine drive and
promenade. Most of the
vegetation along the beach
was uprooted in the super
cyclone of 1999.
Economic Even apart from the Contiguous hard skyline of hotels
vending activity occurring along the sea front in the absence
on the beach, the edge of of green spaces further punctuated
the Marine Drive and with cultural facilities. The
Chakratirtha Road are monoculture of building front
lined with hotels, all of which is primarily hotels creates
which contribute to Puri's discontinuities in the experience of
economy. Puri's heritage as an experience for
the visitors.
Toilets provided for visitors Need for better designed space
immediately in front of the usage plan for the beach along the Improved Visitor Amenities and
statue of Chaitnya Mahaprabhu. Marine drive with improved visitor Circulation based on an Integrated
amenities Land Use Plan for Marine Drive
and the extended Sea beach
Absence of design guidelines and
defined material palette for street
furniture, visitor amenities and
vending kiosks as well as walkways
on the beach front thereby giving
the beach a very untidy visual
character.
8.5 Analysis of Masterplans and City
8.5.1 Physical Infrstructure some solutions that have been unanimously agreed
Water Supply upon. The CDPP 2041 has come up with commendable
The Plans all exhibit deep concern for the present water solutions involving the simultaneous address of these
supply scenario of Puri. The array of issues that they problems with employment generation, through the
identify range from macro level issues such as identification of the need to increase manpower under
precarious ground water quality, encroachments on the Public Health department, and use of PPP for bio-
water fields, insufficient technology and excessive rate medical hazardous waste segregation for a cleaner Puri.
of drawl, inequity of distribution, unprofitable metering Recycling plants for macro level waste resource
and water crises during festivals to micro issues such as management is another recommendation by CDPP
leakage, illegal tapping and problems regarding water 2041 that emerges promising as a dual edged solution
supply on narrow streets. However, when it comes to towards solid waste management and employment
addressing these issues, the plans provide only for those generation.
present on macro scale. Thus, there remains gaps at a
Power and Street Lighting
micro level. The adoption of Public Private
Issues regarding power supply and street lighting have
Partnerships to address these smaller issues may be
been addressed by DCDP 2031 AND PCDP 2031,
considered.
while CDPP 2041 has overlooked this topic entirely.
Sewarage and Sanitation The PCDP 2006, even upon identifying the issues in
Insufficient Sewerage and Sanitation is a major problem this sector, have not provided any proposals to resolve
in Puri, particularly in the inner streets, owing to a the same. While the DCDP 2031 has recommended
number of reasons that have been well enumerated in power supply designs for Puri, and street lighting
all the plans. While expansion of sewerage following UDPFI guidelines, details of the source of
infrastructure and provision of gender sensitive public power and possibilities of employing environmentally
toilets have been identified in all he plans, the CDPP and economically sustainable options such as solar or
2041 further identifies the hazardous effect of low tidal power remain to be explored.
micron plastic, but fails to give a solution to this
Road Traffic and Transport
problem. However, the suggestion by the same CDPP
The aspect of roads, traffic and transport have been
2041, regarding the development of appropriate
explored in depth in all the plans. While development
mechanism to involve the stake of hoteliers in waste
of mobility plans, diversified inter and Intracity transits
water recycling scheme is a commendable strategy.
and multilevel car pars appear to be common solutions
Drainage arrived upon by all three plans, some of the problems
The matter of drainage has been addressed in detail only identified remain unaddressed While the role played by
by the DCDP 2031, which has also provided plausible encroachment of streets by hawkers has been re-
solutions for the same through the design of a central iterated as a causal element of traffic disruption, none
sewerage system, as well as that of storm water drainage. of the plans have suggested any solution to this that can
The same is echoed by the PCDP 2006 and CDPP solve the problem without adversely affecting the
2041. livelihoods of these merchants. Thus, their relocation
seems to be an avenue that remains to be explored.
Solid Waste Management Similarly, while narrow carriage ways have been
The challenges of solid waste management have been identified as problematic towards traffic movement in
well identified by all plans. Door to door collection, the old city, no solution has been provided. Such an
source segregation, segregation of biomedical and open-endedness can prove detrimental to the city, as
hazardous wastes, relocation of existing dump yard are the lack of a well researched solution supporting the
problem statement can result in heritage insensitive
actions, such as demolition of heritage buildings by the PCDP 2006 regarding the clash of religion and
adjacent to the roads -- an unfortunate situation that commerce in the city.
Puri is already witnessing. Selective entry of tourist
vehicles within the heritage precincts, delineation of 8.5.4 Economic Infrstructrue
vehicle free zones, improvement of pedestrianization of Economic infrastructure issues have been captured in
streets and provision of bicycle paths to replace heavy great detail, and provided with suitable solutions by the
traffic may be considered as alternate options. DCDP 2031. Use of tourism for the promotion of
economy in Puri has been identified in the solutions
Urban Poverty, Housing and Slum proposed by CDPP 2041.
The methods suggested to alleviate urban poverty and
provide for affordable housing has been addressed in a 8.5.5 Heritage Infrastructure
generic manner in all three plans. More case specific Heritage infrastructure issues have been captured in
approaches are however necessary as many of the great detail, and provided with suitable solutions by the
settlements around Puri, such as Pipli, Raghurajpur, DCDP 2031. PCDP 2006 identifies lack of definition
fishing village at Charkratirtha etc. have highly of heritage as an issue -- a profound understanding that
specialized hereditary occupations that therefore need needs to also be accompanied by proposals possibly
specialized solutions. The settlements of fishermen may involving state archeology department, as Puri
benefit from community refrigeration facilities, possessed a number of remarkable buildings in dire
connectivity to markets, improved sanitation and threat of demolition because of the lack of this
cyclone shelters owing to their location directly upon definition and their resultant unprotected status. The
the sea beach, whereas the crafts village at Raghurajpur issues identified by CDPP 2041, except that of
could benefit from increased economic opportunities provision of heritage gateways, are more in adherence
such as a heritage resort, handicraft museum, craft with tourism infrastructure solutions that those for
bazaar, etc. Thus, critically case specific solutions for heritage infrastructure. However, indirectly, they may
each community is recommended for all the plans. be used to de-stress the existing pressure of visitation
on heritage monuments of the city.
8.5.2 Social Infrastructure
The methods suggested to alleviate urban poverty and 8.5.6 Tourism Infrastructure
provide for affordable housing has been addressed in a Both the need for diversification of tourism and
generic manner in all three plans. More case specific development of inclusive tourism have been
approaches are however necessary as many of the commendably addressed by the recommendations
settlements around Puri, such as Pipli, Raghurajpur, provided by the plans.
fishing village at Charkratirtha etc. have highly
specialized hereditary occupations that therefore need 8.5.7 Other
specialized solutions. The settlements of fishermen may Water Pollution problems have been identified by the
benefit from community refrigeration facilities, DCDP 2031 and PCDP 2006, but solutions have not
connectivity to markets, improved sanitation and been provided. This is particularly alarming as the
cyclone shelters owing to their location directly upon ground water table of Puri is vulnerable to saline water
the sea beach, whereas the crafts village at Raghurajpur infiltration, which will be disastrous for the city's
could benefit from increased economic opportunities residents and visitors. As the water tanks are considered
such as a heritage resort, handicraft museum, craft holy and used for bathing and cleansing rituals, it is
bazaar, etc. Thus, critically case specific solutions for imperative that their water quality be maintained.
each community is recommended for all the plans.
8.5.3 Institutional Infrastructure

Institutional infrastructure issues have been captured in
great detail, and provided with suitable solutions by the
CDPP 2041. An interesting point has also been flagged
8.6 Specialist Consultancies/Institutional Reforms
Specialists Consultancies /
Institutional Reforms
Zone
1. Urban Design and Building Guidelines for Historic City including Bada Danda
(including protection of townscape values)
2. Design guidelines for the 300 meters buffer zone of Shree Jagannath temple
3. Integrated mobility plan with improved pedestrian and vehicular traffic infrastructure in
the heritage zone integrated with the larger city plan
(This should include the infrastructure provided for the floating population that arrives at Puri during Rath Yatra.
The land parcels owned by the government and used to accommodate infrastructure catering to festivals such as
Nabkalebar and Rath Yatra need to be notified as protected open spaces. Projects completed to assist the festival
should be inculcated into the citys public infrastructure. Risk preparedness plans should also be ensured)
Zone I Provision for conservation and development guidelines for unprotected heritage buildings, tanks,
temples and gardens
(Conservation and building guidelines for unprotected monuments should be introduced under the scope of the Orissa
Hindu Religious Endowment Act, 1951.)
4. Multilayered Data through GIS Map

5. Development of policies promoting the use of vernacular architecture, traditional
materials and construction systems.
6. Hoarding Policy
7. Vending Policy
8. Illumination Plan
Notification of Development and design guidelines for water front development of River Musa
and maintenance of the catchment area
Zone II
Urban design and landscape improvement along the road and the river.
Integrated Development strategy for Governor House Road ( as part of the city mobility plan)
Zone III
Integrated Development Strategy for Chakratirtha Road ( as part of the city mobility plan)


Chapter Nine
Creation of Shelf of
Projects
9.1 Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
9.2. River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone
9.3. Balukhanda Recreational Zone
Creation of Shelf of Projects
9 Creation of Shelf of Projects

9.1 Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
LONG LIST OF PROJECTS

PROJECT TAKEN IN 20.00 CR. LIST
SUB COMPONENTS
Other High Priority Projects
S.No. Project Components
1 Streetscape improvement of Bada Danda
Streetscape Improvement of Bada Danda through provision of surface treatments differentiated

by material, colour and texture, table top crossings for segregating vehicular and pedestrian
movement and provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, movable bollards, signage, drinking
1.1
water fountains, waste bins, food kiosks etc.) and visitor infrastructure (dedicated vehicular
parking, street lights and faade lighting) and faade improvement of existing shop fronts through
signage standardization and awnings.
1.2 Provision of Commercial Kiosks on Grand Road (through self-financing)
1.3 Bada Danda (Grand Road) Footpath Widening
2 Shri Jagannatha Temple Periphery Road Streetscape (Parikarma and the 300 metres buffer zone)
Retrofitting of building facades along the parikrama marg (periphery) of Shri Jagannatha Temple
2.1 along with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, signage and faade
improvement of existing shop fronts and Mathas
2.2 Building Guidelines for 300Mtr Buffer zone.

Provision and Improvement of Drainage on the Periphery road of Shree Jagannatha Temple
2.3 (Parikarma )
Provision and Improvement of Road Surface on the Periphery Road of Shree Jagannatha Temple
2.4
(Parikarma )
3 City Museum (on old Jail site)
4 Integrated Development of Shree Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden
Landscape development of Shri Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden through softscape, hardscape,
4.1 with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, interpretive signage, public art,
drinking water fountains, waste bins and lighting and interpretive materials.

Exhibition and Interpretative Materials to be Housed Interpretation Centre in Jagannatha

4.2
Ballabh Matha
4.3 Plantation in Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden
Historic area interpretation through provision of tactile and sensor based signage, creation of
interpretive signages with public art using local artisans, creating a mobile app with existing GIS
5
map linking interpretation centres with heritage buildings, tanks, artisan areas for development of
heritage walk/s
Improved pedestrian environment on key roads connecting Shree Jagannatha Temple to other
6
Sites of Significance
Provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, signage, drinking water fountains, toilets, waste bins) and
visitor infrastructure (street lights) along the key roads connecting Shree Jagannatha Temple to other sites
6.1 of significance Swargdwar Road (excluding footpaths as priority), Loknath Temple Road, road
leading to Markandeya Tank (as part of improvement of key roads connecting Shri Jagannatha Temple
to other Sites of Significance)
Construction of footpaths (Temple to Swargdwar/ Medical chowk to Digabarni Chowk/ VIP
6.2 Road to Station Square/ Jagannath Temple Periphery/ PKDA to Harihar Chowk/ Ashram Chowk
to Station Square/ Red Cross road)
7 Faade improvement and facility up-gradation of Mathas, Akhadas and Jagagharas
Faade improvement and facility up-gradation of a select number of Mathas - Raghavdas Matha,
7.1
Dakshina Parsva Matha, Bauli Matha, Ganga Mata Matha,Bada Odiya Matha and Jagagharas
7.2 Faade improvement and facility up-gradation of remaining Mathas, Akhadas and Jagagharas
Integrated Mobility Plan with Improved Pedestrian and Vehicular Traffic Infrastructure in the
8
Heritage Zone integrated with the Larger City Plan
9 Comprehensive Development and Visitor Management Plan for Loknath temple
Landscape interventions for gardens of Puri, particularly those in mathas and jagagharas, enabling
10
them to be used as public recreational facilities.
11 Tourist Facilitation Centre
Development of Shree Jagannatha Vishram Asthali (multipurpose hall with rooms) and
12
amphitheatre
13 Landscape Development at Gundicha Temple

9.2 River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone

SUB COMPONENTS
Other High Priority Projects
RIVER MUSA ENVIRONMENTAL ZONE
14 Environmental Improvement and Restoration of the river
Reviving River Musa by restoration of its natural ecology through specific interventions towards dredging
14.1 and de-silting, removal of invasive weeds and implementation of a sewage management strategy to
discontinue flow of sewerage into the river.
14.2 Musa river dredging and removal of vegetation
Restoring the connection between the Musa and Mangala Rivers and Edge Protection and up-
14.2 gradation of the River Musa and its flood zones through dredging of the river bed and creation of
a new channel
Landscape Development and Improvement of Streetscape for a 8 km stretch of active river via
Provision of Walkways, Cycle tracks (improved NMT facilities), Softscape and Visitor Amenities
14.3
such as Street Furniture and Signage along the River Front, NH203 and NH 203A from Atharanala
to Mangala Ghat and the Nodes connecting it with Bada Danda.
14.4 Relocation of settlers encroaching on the river edge (excluding cost of land)
Improvement to Musa Nai right Embankment from Atharanala to Devighat (500 metres/ 3.5 mts
14.5
wide)
15 Protection and Conservation of catchment of the river and water structures
16 Development of recreational facilities along the public lands along the river Musa
16.1 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat
Revival of Pokharis/ponds located in Jagagharas through Desilting, Dredging and Landscape

17
Development (as high priority)
18 Renovation of Dhipa Jaga

Conservation and Landscape Development of Sacred Water Tanks including Improvement of it

Water Quality -Landscape development through repair of historic retaining walls and steps, hardscape,
softscape and provision of visitor amenities like dressing room, drinking water, toilets, waste bins, street
19
lighting around sacred water tanks - Narendra tank , Markandeya tank, Swet Ganga and Indradyumna tank
including improvement of water quality including dredging, de-silting, repair/installation of water filtration
system, fountains for oxidation of tank.
19.1 Narendra Tank

19.2 Markandeya Tank ( as high priority)
19.3 Indradyumna Tank ( as high priority)
19.4 Swet Ganga Tank
Protection and preservation of the Sweet Water Zone including Construction of boundary wall
defining the extents of the protected area of Sweet Water Zone, Removal and rehabilitation of
20
encroachment and slum on the periphery of Sweet Water Zone, Landscape development in the
area based on environmental impact assessment studies.
19.1 Construction of boundary wall defining the extents of the protected area of Sweet Water Zone
19.2 Relocation and rehabilitation of encroachment and slum on the periphery of Sweet Water Zone
19.3 Landscape development in the area based on environmental impact assessment studies

9.3 Balukhanda Recreational Zone

SUB COMPONENTS
Other high priority projects
Landscape development through improved visitor amenities and circulation on Marine drive
20
and extended beach
Provision of improved landscape through hardscape and softscape and Visitor Amenities
(drinking water, toilets, waste bins) for Marine Drive and the Extended Sea Beach including
20.1
pathways ,platforms for kiosks, planting of trees and shrubs, lighting, Site Interpretive panels,
Street Furniture, Public Art, bollards, childrens activity area and vending area.
20.2 Sea beach Road Widening and Foot paths

20.3 Provision of Commercial Kiosks (through self-financing) on Sea Beach
20.4 Development of Beach front
Landscape Development of Banki Muhan through provision of mixed vegetation as cyclone

barrier, walking and cycling tracks, amphitheater, platform for vendors of local crafts and food,
interpretative panels on maritime history of Puri, plumbing services using treated water from
21
Banki Muhan treatment plant, providing visitor amenities and infrastructure including toilets,
drinking water, lighting, benches, waste bins, bollards and childrens play area.
( EXISTING DPR)
22 Environmental up-gradation of buffer zone along the road adjoining the beach
Landscape Interventions along the beach planting of trees and other saline vegetation in the
22.1
vegetation buffer zone and along road edge.
Environmental up-gradation of buffer zone along the road adjoining the beach through
22.2
planting of local species of trees as wind barriers and earth work
22.3 Renovation of Gandhi Smiriti Pitha


Chapter Ten
Investment Plan and

Source of Funding
10.1. Summary of Cost Estimate

10.2 Committed Funds for Shankha Kshetra
Heritage Zone
10.3. Committed Funds for River Musa
Environmental Heritage Zone
10.4. Committed Funds for Balukhanda

Recreational Zone
10.5. Convergence
Investmnet Plan and Source of Funding
10 Investment Plan and Source of Funding
10.1 Summary of Cost
HRIDAY
S.
PROJECT COMPONENTS BUDGET
N
(20cr)
SHANKHA KHSETRA HERITAGE ZONE
Streetscape Improvement of Bada Danda through provision of surface treatments

differentiated by material, colour and texture, table top crossings for segregating vehicular and
pedestrian movement and provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, movable bollards,
1
signage, drinking water fountains, waste bins, food kiosks etc.) and visitor infrastructure
1.80
(dedicated vehicular parking, street lights and faade lighting) and faade improvement of
existing shop fronts through signage standardization and awnings.
Retrofitting of building facades along the parikrama marg (periphery) of Shri Jagannatha
2 Temple along with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, signage and 3.00
faade improvement of existing shop fronts and Mathas
Landscape development of Shri Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden through softscape,

3 hardscape, with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, interpretive signage, 1.50
public art, drinking water fountains, waste bins and lighting and interpretive materials.
interpretive signages with public art using local artisans, creating a mobile app with existing
4 2.00
GIS map linking interpretation centres with heritage buildings, tanks, artisan areas for
development of heritage walk/s
Provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, signage, drinking water fountains, toilets, waste
bins) and visitor infrastructure (street lights) along the Swargdwar Road (excluding
5
footpaths) (as part of improvement of key roads connecting Shri Jagannatha Temple to other Sites of
1.00
Significance)
Faade improvement and facility upgradation of a select number of Mathas - Raghavdas

6 Matha , Dakshina Parsva Matha, Bauli Matha, Ganga Mata Matha,Bada Odiya Matha and 1.85
Jagagharas

Investment Plan and Source of Funding
Landscape Development and Improvement of Streetscape for a 1km stretch of active river via
Provision of Walkways, Cycle tracks (improved NMT facilities), Softscape and Visitor
7 2.00
Amenities such as Street Furniture and Signage along the River Front, NH203 and NH 203A
from Atharanala to Mangala Ghat and the Nodes connecting it with Bada Danda.
Revival of Pokharis/ponds located in Jagagharas (desilting, dredging and landscape

8 1.15
development)
BALUKHANDA RECREATIONAL ZONE
10
2.50

11 Banki Muhan treatment plant, providing visitor amenities and infrastructure including toilets, 3.66
(EXISTING DPR)
TOTAL 20.46

10.2 Committed Funds for Zone I Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
Projects committed to be funded in the Heritage zones by State Government of Orissa,

Government of India and others
Financial Line agency for

S.No. Name of the Project allocation (in implementation and Heritage zone
lakhs) funds allocation
Exhibition and Interpretative Materials to be

Department of
1 Housed Interpretation Centre in Jagannatha 50.00 Zone 1
Tourism
Ballabh Matha
Plantation in Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Department of

2 50.00 Zone 1
Garden Horticulture
Construction of Footpaths (Temple to

Swargdwar/ Medical chowk to Digabarni
Chowk/ VIP Road to Station Square/
3 316.00 AMRUT Zone 1
Jagannath Temple Periphery/ PKDA to
Harihar Chowk/ Ashram Chowk to Station
Square/ Red Cross road)
Bada Danda (Grand Road) Footpath Public Works

4 500.00 Zone 1
Widening Department
Housing and Urban
Provision and Improvement of Drainage on 200.00
Development
5 the Periphery road of Shree Jagannath Zone 1
Public Works
Temple (Parikarma ) 250.00
Department
Self Financing
Provision of Commercial Kiosks on Grand
6 100.00 (managed by Puri Zone 1
Road (through self financing)
Municipality)
TOTAL 1466.00

10.3 Committed Funds for Zone II River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone

Reviving River Musa by Restoration of its

Natural Ecology through Specific
Interventions towards Dredging and
Water Resource
1 Desilting, Removal of Invasive Weeds and 606.00 Zone 2
Department
Implementation of a Sewage Management
Strategy to Discontinue flow of Sewerage into
the River.
Conservation and Landscape Development

of Sacred Water Tanks including Department of
2 25.00 Zone 2
Improvement of it Water Quality Tourism
(Indradyumna / Markendeya Tank as priority)
3 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat 44.00 AMRUT Zone 2

4 Renovation of Dhipahjaga 20.00 AMRUT Zone 2
Improvement to Musa Nai right
5 Embankment from Atharnallah to Devighat 50.00 Puri Irrigation Division Zone 2
(500 metres/ 3.5 mts wide)
TOTAL 745.00

10.4 Committed Funds for Balukhanda Recreational Zone

51.00 AMRUT
1 Renovation of Gandhi Smriti Pitha Zone 3
25.00 NALCO (CSR)
Public Works
2 Seabeach Road Widening and Foot paths 400.00 Zone 3
Department
Environmental Upgradation of Buffer Zone
PKDA/ Department of
along the Road adjoining the Beach through
3 25.00 Forest / Beach Zone 3
Planting of Local Species of Trees as Wind
Development Authority
Barriers and Earth Work
Self Financing
Provision of Commercial Kiosks (through
self financing) on Sea Beach
Municipality)
Ministry of Tourism, Zone 1 &
5 PRASAD 5000.00
Government of India Zone 3
TOTAL 5521.00
TOTAL (ZONE I + ZONE II + ZONE III) = 7732.00 LAKHS

10.5 Convergence
ZONE I : SANKHA KSHETRA HERITAGE ZONE
Current Committed Departments/

Allocation in funding from Ministries/
S.N. Project Components
HRIDAY other schemes Organizations
(20cr)
1 Streetscape Improvement of Bada Danda
through provision of surface treatments
differentiated by material, colour and texture,
table top crossings for segregating vehicular
and pedestrian movement and provision of
visitor amenities (street furniture, movable
1.80 - -
bollards, signage, drinking water fountains,
waste bins, food kiosks etc.) and visitor
infrastructure (dedicated vehicular parking,
street lights and faade lighting) and faade
improvement of existing shop fronts through
2 Provision of Commercial Kiosks on Grand Puri
Road (through self financing) Municipality,
- 1.00
Government of
Odisha
3 Bada Danda (Grand Road) Footpath Public Works
Widening Department,
- 5.00
Government of
Odisha
4 Retrofitting of building facades along the

parikrama marg (periphery) of Shri
Jagannatha Temple along with provision of
3.00 - -
visitor amenities including street furniture,
signage and faade improvement of existing
shop fronts and Mathas
5 Provision and Improvement of Drainage on Housing &
the Periphery road of Shree Jagannath Temple Urban
(Parikarma ) - 2.00 Development,
Government of
Odisha
6 Provision and Improvement of Road Surface Public Works
on the Periphery Road of Shree Jagannath Department,
- 2.50
Temple (Parikarma ) Government of
Odisha
7 Landscape development of Shri Jagannatha

Ballabh Matha Garden through softscape,
1.50 - -
hardscape, with provision of visitor amenities
including street furniture, interpretive signage,
public art, drinking water fountains, waste bins

and lighting and interpretive materials.
8 Exhibition and Interpretative Materials to be Department of
Housed Interpretation Centre in Jagannatha Tourism,
- 0.50
Ballabh Matha Government of
Odisha
9 Plantation in Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Department of
Garden Horticulture,
- 0.50
Government of
Odisha
Historic area interpretation through provision

of tactile and sensor based signage, creation of
interpretive signages with public art using local
10 artisans, creating a mobile app with existing 2.00 - -
GIS map linking interpretation centres with
heritage buildings, tanks, artisan areas for
Provision of visitor amenities (street furniture,

signage, drinking water fountains, toilets, waste
bins) and visitor infrastructure (street lights)
11 along the Swargdwar Road (excluding 1.00 - -
footpaths) (as part of improvement of key roads
connecting Shri Jagannatha Temple to other Sites of
Significance).
AMRUT,
Department of
Housing and
12 - 3.16 Urban
Development,
Government of
Odisha
Faade improvement and facility upgradation

of a select number of Mathas - Raghavdas
13 Matha , Dakshina Parsva Matha, Bauli Matha, 1.85 - -
Ganga Mata Matha,Bada Odiya Matha and
Jagagharas
PRASAD,
14 Tourist Facilitation Centre - 5.41 Ministry of
Tourism
Development of Shree Jagannatha Vishram PRASAD,
15 Asthali (multipurpose hall with rooms) and - 17.5 Ministry of
amphitheatre Tourism
PRASAD,
16 Landscape Development at Gundicha Temple - 0.56 Ministry of
Tourism
TOTAL A - ZONE I 11.15 38.13

ZONE II : RIVER MUSA ENVIRONMENTAL ZONE

(20cr)
Water Resource
Interventions towards Dredging and Desilting,
Department,
1 Removal of Invasive Weeds and - 6.06
Government of
Odisha
the River.
Landscape Development and Improvement of
Streetscape for a 1km stretch of active river via
Provision of Walkways, Cycle tracks (improved
NMT facilities), Softscape and Visitor
2 2.00 - -
Amenities such as Street Furniture and Signage
along the River Front, NH203 and NH 203A
from Atharanala to Mangala Ghat and the
Nodes connecting it with Bada Danda.
- 0.5 Water Resource
Department
Improvement to Musa Nai right Embankment
(Puri Irrigation
3 from Atharnallah to Devighat (500 metres/ 3.5
Division),
mts wide)
Government of
Odisha
Revival of Pokharis/ponds located in 1.15 - -
4 Jagagharas (desilting, dredging and landscape
development)
- 0.25 Department of
Conservation and Landscape Development of
Tourism,
5 Sacred Water Tanks including Improvement of
Government of
it Water Quality
Odisha
- 0.44 AMRUT,
Department of
Housing and
6 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat Urban
Development,
Government of
Odisha
- 0.2 AMRUT,
Department of
Housing and
7 Renovation of Dhipahjaga Urban
Development,
Government of
Odisha
TOTAL B - ZONE II 3.15 7.45

ZONE III : BALUKHANDA RECREATIONAL ZONE

(20cr)
Provision of improved landscape through

hardscape and softscape and Visitor Amenities
(drinking water, toilets, waste bins) for Marine
Drive and the Extended Sea Beach
1 including pathways ,platforms for kiosks, 2.50 - -
planting of trees and shrubs, lighting, Site
Interpretive panels, Street Furniture, Public
Art, bollards, childrens activity area and
vending area.
Public Works
Department,
2 Seabeach Road Widening and Foot paths - 4
Government of
Odisha
Puri
Provision of Commercial Kiosks (through self Municipality,
3 - 0.2
financing) on Sea Beach Government of
Odisha
PRASAD,
4 Development at Beachfront - 5.56 Ministry of
Tourism
Landscape Development of Banki Muhan

through provision of mixed vegetation as
cyclone barrier, walking and cycling tracks,
amphitheater, platform for vendors of local
crafts and food, interpretative panels on
maritime history of Puri, plumbing services
5 3.66 - -
using treated water from Banki Muhan
treatment plant, providing visitor amenities and
infrastructure including toilets, drinking water,
lighting, benches, waste bins, bollards and
childrens play area.
(EXISTING DPR)
PKDA/
Department of
6 - 0.25 Forest / Beach
Development
Authority

AMRUT,
Department of
Housing and
- 0.51 Urban
Development,
7 Renovation of Gandhi Smriti Pitha
Government of
Odisha
NALCO
- 0.25 (Private Sector
under CSR)
TOTAL C - ZONE III 6.16 10.77
TOTAL A+B+ C ( ZONE I+ II+III) 20.46 56.35

Chapter Eleven
Implementation Plan
and Monitoring
Mechanisms
11.1. City HRIDAY Plan Vision & Implementation
11.2 Toolkits Planning and Design
11.3. Procurement of Consultants
11.4. Projects Implementation

11.5. Community Consultation, Education and
Outreach
11.6. Sustainable Management, Operation and
Management
Implementation Plan and Monitoring Mechanisms
11 Implementation Plan and Monitoring

Mechanism
11.1 City Hriday Plan Vision and Implementation
Preserve and revitalize the soul of heritage city to reflect the citys i. Infrastructure needs within the heritage site
unique character by encouraging development of an aesthetically ii. Infrastructure needs within the setting of the site
appealing, accessible, informative and secured environment. To iii. Infrastructure needs towards developing
undertake strategic and planned development for heritage cities linkages between group and cluster of sites
with the aim of improving the overall quality of life with a specific iv. Infrastructure development to de-stress
focus on sanitation, security, tourism, heritage revitalization, heritage sites by creating off shore
livelihoods, and retaining the citys cultural identity. infrastructure to service the needs and demands on
sites itself.
-Project Statement for Heritage City Development and
Augmentation Yojna (HRIDAY), Ministry of Urban
Development, Government of India and National
Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA)
In its articulation of infrastructure, the brief for the

scheme also identifies that infrastructure is not limited
to its conventional interpretation as simply physical
infrastructure. It distinguishes itself by emphasizing that
projects of HRIDAY go beyond to look utility
infrastructure into the domain of social infrastructure,
institutional infrastructure with culture and heritage as
a key driver of economic growth, and contributors to
enhancement of quality of life of the citizens.
Infrastructure development around heritage assets, as

the mandate of HRIDAY, requires a unique approach
to ensure sensitive development of the heritage assets
and its buffer zone ensuring a balanced approach for
protection of authenticity and integrity of heritage, both
tangible and intangible set within the urban landscape
with that of the modern day infrastructure development
paradigm.
The strategy for Puri, thus, is encapsulated in the

understanding that development of infrastructure
must ensure protection of values and attributes of
heritage and its Eco System to enable their
sustainable use by the community at large. Towards
this end, a hierarchy of infrastructure would include:

Based on the concept the City HRIDAY Plan and City immense cultural value. It houses Shri Jagannatha
Infrastructure Development Plans (CIDP) for the 3 Temple, Grand Road and Shri Gundicha Temple
Priority Heritage Zones and its sub zones have been as important religious centre with extremely high
prepared. The projects emerged based on a footfall.
methodology where heritage of the city was identified,
mapped and analysed to arrive at the needs for there 2. River Musa Environmetal Zone
protection, conservation and enhancement for the Aims to revitalize natural heritage of Puri so as to
benefit of the communities. Consultations were create alternate sites for cultural/ recreational
undertaken with urban local body, line agencies activity through infrastructure and landscape
responsible for various aspects related to infrastrcutrue development as well as conservation.
and development as well as local community. Three
priority zones were identified: 3. Balukhanda Recreational Zone
The focus of development in this zone is the
1. Shankha Khsetra Heritage Zone development of recreational activities along the
The zone is focused towards recovering dignity beach front which are in tandem with the natural
of place for both citizens and visitors (leisure and setting and character of the place.
pilgrim) in the core heritage area of Puri which is of

11.1.1 Preparartion of CIDP

For the preparation of the Civic Infrastructure objectives of the HRIDAY project are achieved
Development Plans (CIDP) for the three heritage zones through a multi department / multi sector engagement
and sub zones, gap analysis was undertaken of of several line departments .
infrastructure as it exists today in the area of physical,
social and institutional infrastructure. Proposed and Given the current financial allocation in the HRIDAY
ongoing projects in the area of water supply, sanitation, project for the year 2015-2016 a shorter shelf of
drainage, waste management, approach roads, projects has been determined which is inset within a
footpaths, street lights, tourist conveniences, electricity longer list including ongoing/ proposed projects with
wiring, landscaping etc. were examined. The Master committed funding where ground breaking has not
plan and other planning documents were examined to happened. This list is further based on a larger list of
identify the proposed projects by the planning authority projects which form part of the City HRIDAY Vision
for the areas identified as the priority heritage zones. Plan. The projects require the commitment of several
The CIDP comprises shelf of projects to achieve the line departments to work in a coordinated manner
long term vision for the city which would ensure that based on a shared vision.

The selection of projects for 2015-2016 is based on - Provide recreational facilities for a wide range of
strategic framework determined by the City Mission people including pilgrims, tourists, vistors and
Directorate and the City HRIDAY Anchor. The local community.
objective of this immediate list of projects is the
following: - Inclusive development for the community by
advancing equitable opportunities for all sections
- Create access to heritage, culture and education of the society- primary, secondary and tertiary
in an informal environment for a section of the stakeholders through sustainable development.
population that lives in marginal areas without
cultural amenities. - Recognize environment (comprising both nature
and culture) as one of the pillars of sustainable
-Ensure appropriate recognition, protection, development framework
conservation and management of built heritage
Toolkits have been prepared which address the needs
- Ensure sustainable development of the city by of the long list of projects and not only those which
bringing together urban planning, economic have the current financial allocation for the year 2015-
growth and heritage conservation in a 2016. The CIDPs along with their respective zone
comprehensive manner with the objective of toolkits comprise rationale for planning interventions,
restoring, reviving and strengthening the soul and architectural and urban design guidelines, landuse and
heritage of the city development strategy, vocabulary for design including
color palate, materials, architectural features, etc. which
- Create awareness about the traditional cultural will ensure heritage responsive development of
heritage of the city through interpretatation and infrastructure which is sensitive to the needs of the
signages and developing the city as a cultural users more specifically the local residents, visitors and
destination. resource managers.
- Ensure the recognition of peoples collective and All the projects for which toolkit have been pepared are
individual growth initiatives that are imperative listed as under:
towards growth and sustainability
- Develop a framework for value based planning

which would enable growth on one hand while
ensuring that the attributes of value, both
intangible and tangible, are conserved and their
experience made realizable for the users.

Table 1: Project Vision

ZONES
Project Components
Project Sub-components
Text Projects under the scope of HRIDAY
ZONE 1 : SHANKHA KSHETRA HERITAGE ZONE
1 Streetscape improvement of Bada Danda
Streetscape Improvement of Bada Danda through provision of surface treatments differentiated by

material, colour and texture, table top crossings for segregating vehicular and pedestrian
movement and provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, movable bollards, signage, drinking
1.1
water fountains, waste bins, food kiosks etc.) and visitor infrastructure (dedicated vehicular
parking, street lights and faade lighting) and faade improvement of existing shop fronts through
1.2 Provision of Commercial Kiosks on Grand Road (through self-financing)
1.3 Bada Danda (Grand Road) Footpath Widening
2 Shri Jagannatha Temple Periphery Road Streetscape (Parikarma and the 300 metres buffer zone)
Retrofitting of building facades along the parikrama marg (periphery) of Shri Jagannatha Temple
2.1 along with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, signage and faade
improvement of existing shop fronts and Mathas
2.2 Building Guidelines for 300Mtr Buffer zone.
Provision and Improvement of Drainage on the Periphery road of Shree Jagannatha Temple
2.3
(Parikarma )
Provision and Improvement of Road Surface on the Periphery Road of Shree Jagannatha Temple
2.4
(Parikarma )
3 City Museum (on old Jail site)
4 Integrated Development of Shree Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden
Landscape development of Shri Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden through softscape, hardscape,
4.1 with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, interpretive signage, public art,
drinking water fountains, waste bins and lighting and interpretive materials.

Exhibition and Interpretative Materials to be Housed Interpretation Centre in Jagannatha

4.2
Ballabh Matha
4.3 Plantation in Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden
interpretive signages with public art using local artisans, creating a mobile app with existing GIS
5
map linking interpretation centres with heritage buildings, tanks, artisan areas for development of
heritage walk/s
Improved pedestrian environment on key roads connecting Shree Jagannatha Temple to other
6
Sites of Significance
Provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, signage, drinking water fountains, toilets, waste bins) and
visitor infrastructure (street lights) along the key roads connecting Shree Jagannatha Temple to other sites
6.1 of significance Swargdwar Road (excluding footpaths as priority), Loknath Temple Road, road
leading to Markandeya Tank (as part of improvement of key roads connecting Shri Jagannatha Temple
to other Sites of Significance)
Construction of footpaths (Temple to Swargdwar/ Medical chowk to Digabarni Chowk/ VIP

6.2 Road to Station Square/ Jagannath Temple Periphery/ PKDA to Harihar Chowk/ Ashram Chowk
to Station Square/ Red Cross road)
7 Faade improvement and facility up-gradation of Mathas, Akhadas and Jagagharas
Faade improvement and facility up-gradation of a select number of Mathas - Raghavdas Matha,
7.1
Dakshina Parsva Matha, Bauli Matha, Ganga Mata Matha,Bada Odiya Matha and Jagagharas
7.2 Faade improvement and facility up-gradation of remaining Mathas, Akhadas and Jagagharas
Integrated Mobility Plan with Improved Pedestrian and Vehicular Traffic Infrastructure in the
8
Heritage Zone integrated with the Larger City Plan
9 Comprehensive Development and Visitor Management Plan for Loknath temple
Landscape interventions for gardens of Puri, particularly those in mathas and jagagharas,
10
enabling them to be used as public recreational facilities.
11 Tourist Facilitation Centre
Development of Shree Jagannatha Vishram Asthali (multipurpose hall with rooms) and
12
amphitheatre
13 Landscape Development at Gundicha Temple

ZONE 2 : RIVER MUSA ENVIRONMENTAL ZONE

14 Environmental Improvement and Restoration of the river
Reviving River Musa by restoration of its natural ecology through specific interventions towards
14.1 dredging and de-silting, removal of invasive weeds and implementation of a sewage management
strategy to discontinue flow of sewerage into the river.
14.2 Musa river dredging and removal of vegetation
Restoring the connection between the Musa and Mangala Rivers and Edge Protection and up-
14.2 gradation of the River Musa and its flood zones through dredging of the river bed and creation
of a new channel
Landscape Development and Improvement of Streetscape for a 8 km stretch of active river via
14.3
14.4 Relocation of settlers encroaching on the river edge (excluding cost of land)
Improvement to Musa Nai right Embankment from Atharanala to Devighat (500 metres/ 3.5
14.5
mts wide)
15 Protection and Conservation of catchment of the river and water structures
16 Development of recreational facilities along the public lands along the river Musa
16.1 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat
Revival of Pokharis/ponds located in Jagagharas through Desilting, Dredging and Landscape
17
Development (as high priority)
18 Renovation of Dhipa Jaga
Conservation and Landscape Development of Sacred Water Tanks including Improvement of it

Water Quality -Landscape development through repair of historic retaining walls and steps, hardscape,
softscape and provision of visitor amenities like dressing room, drinking water, toilets, waste bins, street
19
lighting around sacred water tanks - Narendra tank , Markandeya tank, Swet Ganga and Indradyumna
tank including improvement of water quality including dredging, de-silting, repair/installation of water
filtration system, fountains for oxidation of tank.
19.1 Narendra Tank

19.2 Markandeya Tank ( as high priority)
19.3 Indradyumna Tank ( as high priority)
19.4 Swet Ganga Tank
Protection and preservation of the Sweet Water Zone including Construction of boundary wall
defining the extents of the protected area of Sweet Water Zone, Removal and rehabilitation of
20
encroachment and slum on the periphery of Sweet Water Zone, Landscape development in the
area based on environmental impact assessment studies.
20.1 Construction of boundary wall defining the extents of the protected area of Sweet Water Zone
20.2 Relocation and rehabilitation of encroachment and slum on the periphery of Sweet Water Zone
20.3 Landscape development in the area based on environmental impact assessment studies
ZONE 3 : Balukhanda Recreational Zone

Landscape development through improved visitor amenities and circulation on Marine drive
21
and extended beach
21.1
21.2 Sea beach Road Widening and Foot paths
21.3 Provision of Commercial Kiosks (through self-financing) on Sea Beach
21.4 Development of Beach front

22
Banki Muhan treatment plant, providing visitor amenities and infrastructure including toilets,
(EXISTING DPR)
23 Environmental up-gradation of buffer zone along the road adjoining the beach
Landscape Interventions along the beach planting of trees and other saline vegetation in the
23.1
vegetation buffer zone and along road edge.
Environmental up-gradation of buffer zone along the road adjoining the beach through
23.2
planting of local species of trees as wind barriers and earth work
23.3 Renovation of Gandhi Smiriti Pitha

11.1.2 Prioritisation of Projects for HRIDAY & Convergence with other Ongoing Schemes with
Committed Funding
Sustainable integrated development has been identified 2. Providers of technical assistance towards
as the need of the hour and rigorous multi-sector protection and promotion of tangible heritage.
participation involving local community, government, 3. Enablers for technical guidance and planning for
and non-government organizations is imperative to heritage development.
achieve the desired outcome. However, keeping in
mind the living nature of heritage that exists at Puri Communities in Puri themselves are proud of their
owing to the enormous regard and level of engagement cultural identity as can be seen from their intrinsic
that the citizens have with their tangible and intangible commitment to heritage. Thus, all projects in the
heritage one which they are palpably honoured to program have been proposed based on principles of
have been endowed with it is necessary that execution equity and social inclusion, addressing the needs of
of HRIDAY projects should be done with utmost people from all strata of society those involved in the
sensitivity to local needs, and inclusion of alien commercial sector to consumers, pilgrims to tourists,
methodologies are to be avoided, so as to not and local citizens as well as visitors through the creation
disempower Puris community in any way. of safe environments. Addressing aspirational values of
the citizens of Puri through community outreach and
The permissible scope of activity defined by HCA is participation is critical to mobilize development
thus demarcated within the precinct of assisting the towards sustainability.
existing system of sustainable heritage management;
one which is economically and socially contextualized The limitations in heritage management was seen to be
as opposed to the the current climate of development predominantly due to inadequate state and local level
pressure unresponsive and hence fatal to regional policy level interventions for management practices of
heritage values and their attributes. Thus, in this tangible heritage. This lack of prioritization, recognition
particular scenario, local aspirations and global and inadequate financial aid towards the conservation
goals have to go hand in hand; nonpartisan and maintenance of built heritage has to be tackled with
approaches have to be used. The community needs suitable institutional reforms. Moreover, while in order
that are understood from stakeholder consultations are to accomplish sustainable development, supporting
to be addressed concurrently within the larger systems should be embedded at policy and institutional
environmental and heritage requirements. As defined in level through enactment of appropriate legal tools
the United Nations Goals for Sustainable amendment of related existing laws, by-laws ,
Development, Environment, Economy, Society guidelines, notifications, departmental re-organization,
and Culture, all must be considered to be developed and inter-departmental collaboration, some
simultaneously towards holistic sustainable developmental components may require technical
development. It has to be borne in mind, that neither considerations particular to their unique context, as
can be compromised in favor of another. In this described below (further elaborated in CHP Section
context, the role of the HRIDAY City Anchors at Puri 11.4: Projects Implementation)
can be defined as:
The following table delineates the scope of work under
1. Identifiers of issues within the heritage fabric of the three broad heads that are required to be achieved
urban Puri, which should be resolved through a simultaneolulsy to mitigate existing issues plaguing he
participatory approach, encouraging the use of heritage of the city and are as:
local knowledge and traditional skill. 1. Institutional reforms
2. Technical Assistace
3. Community Outreach 7 Bada Danda Heritage to be mapped

Streetscape Project
The sub-components of each of these larger
components, related issues, and interventions required 8 Interpretative Plan To be created using
to achieve the ultimate goal towards reviving heritage participatory methods
targeted towards
cities the creation of behavioral change towards the
involving the youth of
perception of heritage and the need for its maintenance Puri
has been further elaborated in Chapter 12 of CHP
Promotion Program and Marketing Strategies.
For successful implementation of projects, a
plethora of projects activities and inputs by
Table 2: Requirements for Successful Implementation
technical specialists are required, keenly supported
S.N Component Activity by local government authorities. HRIDAY as a
scheme has been conceptualized through robust
Institutional Reforms engagement of sector specialists with both local and
national governments. This structure offers a unique
1 Shankha Kshetra To be notified in the platform for dialogue for the successful implementation
Heritage Zone Master plan as a of projects.
heritage zone for the
city of Puri This symbiotic relationship and synergetic process
2 Conservation of To be incorporated as
has been illustrated through the following table
Mathas responsibility of the
Endowment and supporting flow diagrams, which position the
Department with project components within the complex matrice of
appropriate skill sets the multimodal involvement that is required for
and organizational their effective execution and conception of
reform operation and maintenance strategies, and can be
3 Building Guidelines To be included in the read as follows:
for Heritage PKDA Building
Precinct Bylaws Level 1 Project
Level 2 Project Components
Level 3 Funding Agencies
4 City Mobility Plan The proposed BRT in Level 4 Tasks
the Draft Master Plan Level 5 Policy Considerations
to be reviewed for Level 6 Concerned Organizations/ Line
assessment of its Departments
impact on the historic
fabric of Puri
Technical Assistance
5 River Musa To be guided by multi
Environmental disciplinary specialist
Heritage Zone consultants from
institutions of higher
6 Protection and educational (IIT
Preservation of the Kharagpur)
Sweet Water Zone
Community Outreach

CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND INTEGRATION IN DEVELOPMENT
POLICY
PROJECT
ACTIVITIES CONSIDERATION STAKEHOLDERS
COMPONENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLITY
Cultural Heritage Mapping
Need Assessment
Department of
Gis Data Management Of
Endowment
Buildings And Infrastructure
Puri Municipality
Documentation
Matha - Orissa Hindu Religious Department of
Community Consultations
Upgradation Endowments Act Tourism & Culture
Planning And Design
Shree Jagannatha
Development
Temple
Structural Consolidation And
Administration
Retrofitting
Services Upgradation
Need Assessment
Conservation,
Buildings And Infrastructure
Landscape Protection of Open
Documentation Department of
Improvement and areas of Jagagharas as
Community Consultations Endowment
Upgradation of Recreational and Open
Planning And Design Puri Municipality
Jagaghars & Space
Development
Akhada
Retrofitting
Revitalization of
Training And Capacity
Theatres as a Puri Municpality
Building
Cultural Space
Need Assessment
Buildings And Infrastructure Shree Jagannatha
Documentation Temple
Conservation of
Community Consultations Administration
Sacred Water
Planning And Design Puri Municpality
Tanks
Development Water Resource
Structural Consolidation And Department
Retrofitting
Site Development

BUILDING GUIDELINES -
Provision For
Site Development Department Of
Conservation And
and Landscape Tourism & Culture
Development
improvement of Design Development Loknatha Temple
Guidelines For
Loknath Temple Trust
Unprotected Heritage
Precinct Puri Municipality
Buildings, Tanks,
Temples And Gardens
Faade Cultural Heritage Mapping

Improvement in Gis Data Management Of
Department Of
the 300 Metres Buildings And Infrastructure
Endowment
Buffer Zone Of Documentation
ASI
Community Consultations CONSERVATION
Shree Shree Jagannatha
Planning And Design DEMONSTRATION
Jagannatha Development PROJECTS
Temple
Temple ( A Administration
Protected Puri Municpality
Retrofitting
Monument By Local Community
ASI) Site Development
ASI
Odisha State
Regulating Landuse Planning & Building Activity In The 300 Metres Archaeology
Buffer Zone Of Atharanala ( A Protected Monument By Asi) Competent Authority
- Director
Culture,Odisha
Shri Jagannatha
Developing Temple
Gundicha Administration
Planning & Design
Guidelines for the 300 ASI
Temple As An Development
metres buffer area of Odisha State
Open Air Services Upgradation
ASI structures Archaeology
Interpretive Site Development
Competent Authority
Centre - Director
Culture,Odisha
Mapping Of Heritage Resource

Culural And Important Tourist Local educational
Destination institutions in collating
Mapping On Gis
Integration Of Mapping Into information on oral
Platform & Puri Municipality
Gis Platform histories and areas of
Mobile Creationof Server importance based on
Application Crowd Sourcing cultural festivals
Creation Of Mobile App

Following the toolkits for

project implementation
& dovetailing with other
1. Database Of Heritage Sites
projects
And Oral Histories On GIS
Department of
Interpretative Map through Crowd
local educational Tourism & Culture
Signages Sourcing
institutions in collating Puri Municipality
2. TOOLKITS
information on oral
3. Design Development
histories and areas of
importance based on
cultural festivals
Use of skillset of the
local artisans and Puri Municipality
City Museum At 1. Relocation of Jail
craftsmen R&B
Current Jail 2. Design Development
Department of
Complex 3. Interpretation
creation of avenues for Tourism & Culture
ppp
Visitor
Management In Shri Jagannatha
1. Planning & Design
And Around Temple
Development Visitor Management
Shree Administration
2. Services Upgradation Plan
Jagannatha Puri Municipality
3. Site Development
Temple R & B Division
Complex

WATER CONSERVATION/ENVIRONMENT UP GRADATION
POLICY
PROJECT
COMPONENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLITY
1. Research on interlinkages of
traditional water system
2. removal and relocation of
RIVER encroachments Water Resource
CONSERVATION 3. dredging & de silting Department
removal and relocation of
encroachments
4. edge protection
Orissa Irrigation Act
following the toolkit
1. Removal and relocation of guidelines for project
encroachments implementation & Shri Jagannatha
2. water fountains for oxidation dovetailing with other
CONSERVATION Temple Temple
of water in tanks projects
OF SACRED Administration
3. edge protection
WATER TANKS Puri Municipality
4. design and development
R & B Division
guidelines for water bodies
(toolkit)
Shri Jagannatha
1. Urban design & landscape Temple Temple
REJUVENATION
improvement - creation of Administration
OF POKHARIS
public recreational spaces Puri Municipality
Owner of Jagaghara
Designation of SWZ as
1. Boundary wall
protected areas in
2. Landscape design Puri Municipality
PROTECTION OF Master plan
3. Planting in sweet water P.K.D.A
SWEET WATER
zones Department of Water
ZONE Regulating
4. Rehabilitation of slums on Supply
construction activity
fringes of sweet water zones
over SWZ

1. Planting of indigenous trees

on sea front
Up gradation and
2. Defining active nodes and
reinforcement of CRZs
buffer zones
CONSERVATION 3. Creation of landscape buffer
Dovetailing the
AND between beach and road of
development Puri Municipality
DEVELOPMENT varying width depending on
activities in line with
OF SEA FRONT activity level
ICZMP(integrated
4. Development of landscape
coastal zone
garden at banki muhana
management plan)
using recycled water from
the w.w.t.p

IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH PROVISION AND UPGRADATION OF UTILITY,

PHYSICAL & SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
POLICY
PROJECT
COMPONENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLITY
1. Toolkits DEPARTMENT OF
2. Documentation ENDOWMENT
3. Planning and design ASI
Up Gradation of preoject
development SHREE JAGANNATHA
Traditional Social implementation &
4. Structural TEMPLE
Infrastructure dovetailing with other
5. Consolidation and ADMINISTRATION
projects
retrofitting PURI MUNICIPALITY
6. Services up gradation LOCAL COMMUNITY
PURI MUNICIPALITY
1. Traffic studies
City Mobility Plan DEPARTMENT OF
feasibility report
POLICE
1. Gap assessment
Improved 2. Sewage and storm water
Linking each household OWSSB
services focused management
with sewage network WATER RESOURCE
on upgradation of 3. Repair and service
maintenance strategy - DEPARTMENT
sanitation upgradation
short term & long term PURI MUNICIPALITY
facilities 4. Segregation of waste
5. Solid waste management
OWSSB
1. Technical survey and need Following the toolkits for
PURI MUNICIPALITY
assessment preoject
NHAI
Revitalization of 2. Design development for implementation &
R& B DIVISION
Bada Danda streetscape and provision dovetailing with other
SHRI JAGANNATHA
of visitor amenities , visitor projects
TEMPLE
infrastructure gudelines for shopfronts
ADMINISTRATION

1. Technical survey and need

assessment SHRI JAGANNATHA
2. Design development for TEMPLE
streetscape and provision ADMINISTRATION
Revitalization of preoject
of visitor amenities , visitor ASI
Shree implementation &
infrastructure ODISHA STATE
Jagannatha dovetailing with other
3. Landscape development ARCHAEOLOGY
Temple Periphery projects
using traditional materials COMPETENT
gudelines for shopfronts
and interpretative panel AUTHORITY - DIRECTOR
CULTURE, ODISHA
Local educational
Culural Mapping institutions in collating
1. Cultural heritage mapping PURI MUNICIPALITY
on Gis Platform & information on oral
2. Gis data management of ORSAC
Mobile histories and areas of
buildings and infrastructure PKDA
Application importance based on
Cultural Festivals
1. Mapping
2. Energy efficient /solar lights
City Illumination design interventions Envrionment Sensitive PURI MUNICIPALITY
Plan link with facade Application CESCO
improvement & heritage
walks
Incorporation of To designated rathyatra PURI MUNICIPALITY

floating Rathyatra 1. Development of open infrastructure areas as DEPARTMENT OF
Infrastructure into spaces protected areas TRANSPORT
City systems to develop these open
spaces for community


PILLARS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :

URBAN DESIGN , LANDSCAPE AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT
POLICY
PROJECT
COMPONENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLITY
Streetscaping of
Bada Danda &
Shree Following the toolkits for
Jagannatha 1. Toolkits project implementation
Temple Periphery 2. Design & Planning & dovetailing with other
-Visitor Amenities projects
, Visitor
Infrastructure

project implementation
& dovetailing with other
P.K.D.A
projects
Landscape Puri Municiplaity
1. Toolkits
Development of WRD
2. Design & Planning Guidelines for
Musa River Edge
protection of river edge
as no development
zone and integration in
master plan
Landscape Following the toolkits for

Development 1. Toolkits project implementation
along Marine 2. Design & Planning & dovetailing with other
Drive as an Eco- OWSSB
projects
Sensitive Buffer PURI MUNICIPALITY
DEPARTMENT OF
Guidelines for
HOUSING AND
Landscape protection of buffer
URBAN
Development on 1. Landscape planning using area along the beach
DEVELOPMENT
Beach using traditional materials and as no development
recycled water interpretative panel zone and integration in
from W.W.T.P. master plan
Banki Muhana
1. Mapping
Getting NOC from PURI MUNICIPLAITY
Faade engagement of local
private stakeholder P.K.D.A.
Improvement craftsmen & artisans PPP DIC

Following the toolkits

guidelines for project
implementation along
the river & dovetailing
Recreational 1. Toolkits with other projects
Facilities 2. Design & Planning
Restricted commercial
development along the
edge of the river musa
with ecosensitive design
1. Toolkits
Designated Areas implementation along
2. Design & Planning
for Arts and Crafts the river & dovetailing PURI MUNICIPLAITY
3. Design vocabulary sensitive
and Vending with other projects P.K.D.A.
to the existing use of
Areas
spaces
Guidelines for the
vending areas
implementation along
the river & dovetailing
Design for the with other projects
hoardings and 1. Toolkits PURI MUNICIPLAITY
shop front 2. Design & Planning Designation of Heritage P.K.D.A.
signages Corridor
Guidelines for hoardings

and shopfronts along
these corridor
Use of skillset of the
local artisans and
1. Selection of area /theme
craftsmen
based intervention (city
Public Art as part
interpretation plan)
of City Local educational Educational
identification &
Interpretation Plan institutions in collating institutions
engagement of local
/Bada Danda information on oral
craftsmen, artisans, painters
histories and areas of
for implementation
importance based on
cultural festivals
1. Mapping
City Lighting- 2. energy efficient /solar lights
Enhancement of design interventions PURI MUNICIPLAITY
Experience of link with facade CESCO
Heritage Zones improvement & heritage
walks


PILLARS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :

EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
POLICY
PROJECT
COMPONENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLITY
1. Mapping of heritage
resource and important
Culural Mapping tourist destination
On Gis Platform & 2. Integration of mapping into
Mobile gis platform Local Educational
Application 3. Creation of Server Institutions In Collating
4. Crowd Sourcing Information On Oral
5. Creation Of Mobile App Histories And Areas Of
1. Database of Heritage Sites Importance Based On
and Oral Histories on GIS Cultural Festivals
Interpretive Map through Crowd
Signages Sourcing
2. Toolkits
3. Design Development
Use Of Skillset Pof The
1. Relocation of Jail Local Artisans And
Puri Municipality
City Museum 2. Design Development Craftsmen
R & B Department
3. Interpretation Creation Of Avenues
For Ppp
P.K.D.A.
1. Link with the historic
Puri Municipality
Hertiage Walks narrative & places
Department Of
2. Identification of route
Tourism & Culture
Department Of
Inclusion of heritage studies in academia
Education
Department of
Tourism & Culture
Programs on sites of heritage significance
Educational
Institutions
-Puri Municipality
-Rotary Clubs
-City Level Youth
Public participation and community consultation Club
-Cultural Institution
Department Of
Tourism & Culture
P.K.D.A.
Sharing information and involving communities with government schemes like Puri Municipality
HRIDAY Department Of
Tourism & Culture


Since the current allocation for implementation of projects for the city of Puri is INR 20.00 crores, a list of projects to
be implemented within the allocated monies has been selected based on recommendations from the City Level Advisory
and Monitoring Committee (CLAMC) and in consultation with the City Mission Directorate (CMD).
The consolidated shelf of projects for each heritage zone are:
Table 3: Projects for 20 Crores Budget Allocation funded by HRIDAY (2015-2016)
HRIDAY
S.N PROJECT COMPONENTS BUDGET
(20cr)
SHANKHA KHSETRA HERITAGE ZONE
Streetscape Improvement of Bada Danda through provision of surface treatments

differentiated by material, colour and texture, table top crossings for segregating vehicular and
pedestrian movement and provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, movable bollards,
1 1.80
signage, drinking water fountains, waste bins, food kiosks etc.) and visitor infrastructure
(dedicated vehicular parking, street lights and faade lighting) and faade improvement of
existing shop fronts through signage standardization and awnings.
Retrofitting of building facades along the parikrama marg (periphery) of Shri Jagannatha
2 Temple along with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, signage and 3.00
faade improvement of existing shop fronts and Mathas
Landscape development of Shri Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Garden through softscape,

3 hardscape, with provision of visitor amenities including street furniture, interpretive signage, 1.50
public art, drinking water fountains, waste bins and lighting and interpretive materials.
interpretive signages with public art using local artisans, creating a mobile app with existing
4
GIS map linking interpretation centres with heritage buildings, tanks, artisan areas for
2.00
Provision of visitor amenities (street furniture, signage, drinking water fountains, toilets, waste
bins) and visitor infrastructure (street lights) along the Swargdwar Road (excluding
5
footpaths) (as part of improvement of key roads connecting Shri Jagannatha Temple to other Sites of
1.00
Significance)
Faade improvement and facility upgradation of a select number of Mathas - Raghavdas

6 Matha , Dakshina Parsva Matha, Bauli Matha, Ganga Mata Matha,Bada Odiya Matha and 1.85
Jagagharas

Landscape Development and Improvement of Streetscape for a 1km stretch of active river via
7 2.00
Revival of Pokharis/ponds located in Jagagharas (desilting, dredging and landscape

8 1.15
development)
BALUKHANDA RECREATIONAL ZONE
10
2.50

11 Banki Muhan treatment plant, providing visitor amenities and infrastructure including toilets, 3.66
(EXISTING DPR)
TOTAL 20.46

11.1.3 Convergence with Other Schemes
The National Mission Directorate has emphasized the Further while the shelf of projects for the 3 heritage
importance of dovetailing of projects to be undertaken zones (including sub zones) is required to be for the
under the HRIDAY scheme within other ongoing / current allocation of 20.00 Crores, a longer list has also
proposed projects with commited funding in the city, been prepared. Projects with committed funding from
more specifically within the heritage zones. This is to other schemes and sources form part of this list of
ensure convergence between projects with support projects as well. While the shelf of projects identified
from multiple sources, and further, to prevent overlaps for 20.00cr will be implemented through funding from
thus ensuring an integrated planning and HRIDAY , the others are funded from other schemes
implementation strategy. Based on this directive, the of Central/ State Governments such as AMRUT,
City HRIDAY Plan has ensured that projects proposed PRASAD etc., thus ensuring convergence and
in the heritage zones supported by either state prevention of overlaps. It would be beneficial if projects
government or schemes of Government of India form under the other schemes makes use of the toolkits
part of the comprehensive list of projects and also prepared for the heritage zones thus enabling
form part of the City HRIDAY Vision Plan. consistency in design approach and vocabulary.
Following is the list of projects with committed funds

from other sources.
Table 4: Projects committed to be funded in the Heritage zones by State Government of Orissa, Government of India and Others in Puri
Projects committed to be funded in the Heritage zones by State Government of Orissa, Government of
India and others
Exhibition and Interpretative Materials to be

Department of
1 Housed Interpretation Centre in Jagannatha 50.00 Zone 1
Tourism
Ballabh Matha
Plantation in Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Department of

2 50.00 Zone 1
Garden Horticulture

Interventions towards Dredging and
Water Resource
3 Desilting, Removal of Invasive Weeds and 606.00 Zone 2
Department
the River.
Conservation and Landscape Development

of Sacred Water Tanks including Department of
4 25.00 Zone 2
Improvement of it Water Quality Tourism
(Indradyumna / Markendeya Tank as priority)

5 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat 44.00 AMRUT Zone 2

51.00 AMRUT
6 Renovation of Gandhi Smriti Pitha Zone 3
25.00 NALCO (CSR)
7 Renovation of Dhipahjaga 20.00 AMRUT Zone 2
8 316.00 AMRUT Zone 1
Public Works
9 Seabeach Road Widening and Foot paths 400.00 Zone 3
Department
Bada Danda (Grand Road) Footpath Public Works
10 500.00 Zone 1
Widening Department
Housing and Urban
Provision and Improvement of Drainage on 200.00
Development
11 the Periphery road of Shree Jagannath Zone 1
Public Works
Temple (Parikarma ) 250.00
Department
PKDA/ Department of
12 25.00 Forest / Beach Zone 3
Development Authority
Self Financing
Provision of Commercial Kiosks on Grand
Road (through self financing)
Municipality)
Self Financing
Provision of Commercial Kiosks (through
self financing) on Sea Beach
Municipality)
Improvement to Musa Nai right
15 Embankment from Atharnallah to Devighat 50.00 Puri Irrigation Division Zone 2
(500 metres/ 3.5 mts wide)
Ministry of Tourism, Zone 1 &
16 PRASAD 5000.00
Government of India Zone 3
TOTAL 7732.00

Implementation Plan and Monitoring Mechanism
Figure 11-1Map showing the projects from
Table 5: Convergence
Current Committed Departments

Allocation in funding from / Ministries/
S.N. Project Components HRIDAY other schemes Organization
s
(20cr)
ZONE I : SANKHA KSHETRA HERITAGE ZONE
1 Streetscape Improvement of Bada Danda
through provision of surface treatments
differentiated by material, colour and texture,
table top crossings for segregating vehicular
and pedestrian movement and provision of
visitor amenities (street furniture, movable
1.80 - -
bollards, signage, drinking water fountains,
waste bins, food kiosks etc.) and visitor
infrastructure (dedicated vehicular parking,
street lights and faade lighting) and faade
improvement of existing shop fronts through
2 Provision of Commercial Kiosks on Grand Puri
Road (through self financing) Municipality,
- 1.00
Government of
Odisha
3 Bada Danda (Grand Road) Footpath Public Works
Widening - 5.00
Department,
Government
of Odisha
4 Retrofitting of building facades along the

parikrama marg (periphery) of Shri
Jagannatha Temple along with provision of
3.00 - -
visitor amenities including street furniture,
signage and faade improvement of existing
shop fronts and Mathas
5 Provision and Improvement of Drainage on Housing &
the Periphery road of Shree Jagannath Temple Urban
(Parikarma ) - 2.00 Development,
Government
of Odisha
6 Provision and Improvement of Road Surface Public Works
on the Periphery Road of Shree Jagannath Department,
- 2.50
Temple (Parikarma ) Government
of Odisha
7 Landscape development of Shri Jagannatha

Ballabh Matha Garden through softscape,
hardscape, with provision of visitor amenities
1.50 - -
including street furniture, interpretive signage,
public art, drinking water fountains, waste bins
and lighting and interpretive materials.
8 Exhibition and Interpretative Materials to be Department of
Housed Interpretation Centre in Jagannatha Tourism,
- 0.50
Ballabh Matha Government of
Odisha
9 Plantation in Jagannatha Ballabh Matha Department of
Garden Horticulture,
- 0.50
Government
of Odisha
10 Historic area interpretation through provision

of tactile and sensor based signage, creation of
interpretive signages with public art using local
artisans, creating a mobile app with existing 2.00 - -
GIS map linking interpretation centres with
heritage buildings, tanks, artisan areas for
11 Provision of visitor amenities (street furniture,

signage, drinking water fountains, toilets, waste
bins) and visitor infrastructure (street lights)
along the Swargdwar Road (excluding 1.00 - -
footpaths) (as part of improvement of key roads
connecting Shri Jagannatha Temple to other Sites of
Significance)
12 Construction of Footpaths (Temple to AMRUT,
Swargdwar/ Medical chowk to Digabarni Department of
- 3.16
Chowk/ VIP Road to Station Square/ Housing and
Jagannath Temple Periphery/ PKDA to Urban

Harihar Chowk/ Ashram Chowk to Station Development,

Square/ Red Cross road) Government of
Odisha
13 Faade improvement and facility upgradation

of a select number of Mathas - Raghavdas
Matha , Dakshina Parsva Matha, Bauli Matha, 1.85 - -
Ganga Mata Matha,Bada Odiya Matha and
Jagagharas
14 Tourist Facilitation Centre PRASAD,
- 5.41 Ministry of
Tourism
15 Development of Shree Jagannatha Vishram PRASAD,
Asthali (multipurpose hall with rooms) and - 17.50 Ministry of
amphitheatre Tourism
16 Landscape Development at Gundicha Temple PRASAD,
- 0.56 Ministry of
Tourism
TOTAL A - ZONE I 11.15 38.13
ZONE II : RIVER MUSA ENVIRONMENTAL ZONE
1 Reviving River Musa by Restoration of its

Water Resource
Interventions towards Dredging and Desilting,
Department,
Removal of Invasive Weeds and - 6.06
Government
of Odisha
the River.
2 Landscape Development and Improvement of
Streetscape for a 1km stretch of active river via
Provision of Walkways, Cycle tracks (improved
NMT facilities), Softscape and Visitor
2.00 - -
Amenities such as Street Furniture and Signage
along the River Front, NH203 and NH 203A
from Atharanala to Mangala Ghat and the
Nodes connecting it with Bada Danda.
3 Improvement to Musa Nai right Embankment Water Resource
from Atharnallah to Devighat (500 metres/ 3.5 Department
mts wide) (Puri Irrigation
- 0.50
Division),
Government of
Odisha
4 Revival of Pokharis/ponds located in
Jagagharas (desilting, dredging and landscape 1.15 - -
development)
5 Conservation and Landscape Development of Department of
Sacred Water Tanks including Improvement of Tourism,
- 0.25
it Water Quality Government
of Odisha

6 Construction of Park in Puri - Mangalaghat AMRUT,

Department of
Housing and
- 0.44 Urban
Development,
Government
of Odisha
7 Renovation of Dhipahjaga AMRUT,
Department of
Housing and
- 0.20 Urban
Development,
Government of
Odisha
TOTAL B - ZONE II 3.15 7.45
ZONE III : BALUKHANDA RECREATIONAL ZONE
Provision of improved landscape through

hardscape and softscape and Visitor Amenities
(drinking water, toilets, waste bins) for Marine
Drive and the Extended Sea Beach
1 including pathways ,platforms for kiosks, 2.50 - -
planting of trees and shrubs, lighting, Site
Interpretive panels, Street Furniture, Public
Art, bollards, childrens activity area and
vending area.
Public Works
Department,
2 Seabeach Road Widening and Foot paths - 4.00
Government
of Odisha
Puri
Provision of Commercial Kiosks (through self Municipality,
3 - 0.20
financing) on Sea Beach Government of
Odisha
PRASAD,
4 Development at Beachfront - 5.56 Ministry of
Tourism
Landscape Development of Banki Muhan
through provision of mixed vegetation as
cyclone barrier, walking and cycling tracks,
amphitheater, platform for vendors of local
crafts and food, interpretative panels on
maritime history of Puri, plumbing services
5 3.66 - -
using treated water from Banki Muhan
treatment plant, providing visitor amenities and
infrastructure including toilets, drinking water,
lighting, benches, waste bins, bollards and
childrens play area.
(EXISTING DPR)
PKDA/
6 - 0.25 Department of
Forest / Beach
Development
Authority
AMRUT,
Department of
Housing and
- 0.51 Urban
Development,
7 Renovation of Gandhi Smriti Pitha
Government of
Odisha
NALCO
- 0.25 (Private Sector
under CSR)
TOTAL C - ZONE III 6.16 10.77
TOTAL A+B+ C ( ZONE I+ II+III) 20.46 56.35

11.2 Toolkits planning and design
11.2.1 Purpose
The HRIDAY project required the City Anchors to 2. Access: Creating multiple safe, efficient and
prepare toolkits for the heritage zones. The contract sustainable options for the residents to traverse
document states that , city specific toolkits with the city. This is multi modal and includes both-
architectural and urban design specifications, including color safe pedestrian and vehicular access.
palette, materials used and special architectural features, etc.
3. Development: Social infrastructure, open
which shall ensure heritage based aesthetic development of
spaces and community areas are critical areas
infrastructure, with support from the City Mission
of any city and must form an integral part of all
Directorate. The principal purpose of the toolkit/s is to plans. Hence the elements include social
provide design approach and guidelines for preparation infrastructure, development sensitive to
of Detailed Project Reports for the projects listed in the communities, sustainable use of resources,
shelf of projects and possibly others in the City economic growth and revitalization. These
HRIDAY Vision Plan. While the toolkits are factors to collectively determine land use which
documents which provide the consultants with a design is a fundamental resource for the growth of the
brief they are also tools for monitoring design city.
development and a visual aid to communicate with the
local community on rationale of the project, plans and 4. Support Development: The citys
design that would be achieved on the ground. infrastructure that promotes a variety of
industries, including traditional creative
11.2.2 Structure and Function
industries and thereby creates opportunities for
Populations are drawn to cities due to the opportunities
a large cross section of society.
that they offer in terms of basic infrastructure,
education, employment, and the quality of life that they
5. Economy Planning: Foster an environment
provide. Population of cities across the country are
that promotes a variety of industries and
rising and are expected to continue to do so over the
creates opportunities for a larger section of
coming decade. Thus, planning new cities and
society.
upgrading existing ones to meet the demands of the
growing population in cities is the need of the hour. To
6. Collaboration: A development paradigm
ensure that cities are sustainable and have a high
which enables the engagement of the residents,
livability quotient, plans for them are recommended to
community based organizations, entrepreneurs
be developed using the following tools that have been
and institutions of the city as participants,
contextualized for Puri and have formed the basis for
investors and incubators for development.
development of toolkits.
1. Contextual: Respond and amplify the social,

heritage, environmental and cultural context The concepts have been illustrated and the application
which assist in giving a strong identity. Context of each in varying degrees in each of the project
is derived from Place, Culture and components have been described in the toolkits.
Environment




There are 4 Toolkits of which two are prepared Direction, Information, Identification and
exclusively for each of the zones while the other two Interpretation. The section of Street Furniture
are for sub components within a heritage zone. While discusses the Needs, Design and Strategic
the River Musa Environmental Heritage Zone and Positioning of Benches, Waste Receptacles and
the Balukhanda Recreational Zone have toolkits Kiosks. The section of Public Art discusses how the
which address the design needs for the entire zone, the regional arts and traditional skill sets can be employed
Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone has been addressed towards giving the city a unique identity through the
through tool kits for the Bada Danda and another one incorporation of art in Street and Pavement Surfaces,
is for the conservation of the Mathas. Walls, Street Furniture, Public Water Spots,
Manhole and Sewer Covers, and Street Lamps.
The toolkits comprise sections that describe Project Lastly, Tree Planting enlists the many trees suitable for
Background, Need for Proposal, Concept and the climate of Puri through which Regenerative
Vision, and Toolkits (design proposals and Landscape designs may be executed. These have to be
vocabulary). The sections on Background and Need carefully used in the preparation of the Detailed Project
for Proposal introduce the project and establish the Reports and would be a useful document for works to
methodology followed to arrive at the interventions, the be undertaken by other line agencies in the city.
section on Concept and Vision conveys of the
framework for holistic development that has been The Toolkit specific to the conservation of Mathas
attempted to be achieved through the Toolkit sections discusses the project background and identifies the
(design vocabulary) incorporating the objectives of need for conservation of traditional social infrastructure
conservation of heritage for sustained use, improved components of the old Puri town of which Mathas are
services, provision of security and cleanliness, an important part. It also provides the rationale for
improved livelihood opportunities, and an overall Identification of Property, Description of Property
rejuvenation of heritage precincts through the explicit including History and Development, Factors
expression of its unique character, achieving an affecting the Property, and Components of
aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative, Vernacular Architecture achieved through the
inclusive and secure environments. Each Toolkit has a employment of dying skill sets, presented through
section with international Case Studies to illustrate matrices of comparison. The Present State of
the possible outcomes. These will assist the city Conservation and current condition has also been
managers and the local stakeholders to appreciate analyzed as the basis of Recommended Approaches
contextualized solutions for Puri. for Conservation and Use which can be executed
using the guidelines provided in the toolkits.
The Toolkits are also provided with Annexures that Aspirations of Owners and Stakeholders have been
cover the topics of Universal Accessibility, Way documented as part of in field consultations.
Finding, Street Furniture, Public Art and Tree
Planting. Guidelines for Universal Accessibility
cover both Community and Landscape and include
Streets along Roads, Access to Various Facilities,
Internal Pathways, Bus Stops and Parking for the
former, while it comprises Surface, Plantation,
Lighting, Signage and Outdoor Public Toilets for
the latter. Guidelines for Accessible Wayfinding
Design include Enhancing of the City Brand
Identity, Highlighting Iconic Destinations,
Defining a Sense of Space and Creation of a
Consistent Language through signage components of
11.3 Procurement of Consultants

Government of India has empanelled 33 consultancy statutory approvals from authorities concerned, etc. in
firms for the preparation of Detailed Project Reports
(DPRs) under HRIDAY scheme for the 12 cities. The
3 Heritage Zones in Puri each have their unique design
needs. The Mission Directorate could consider
appointing a single consultant for the preparation of
DPRs for all the three zones or alternatively consider
appointment of several consultants based on the merits
and experience of the consultancy firm.
Based on the character defining attributes, the three
heritage zones namely Zone 1: Shankha Kshetra
Heritage zone, Zone 2: River Musa Environmental
Heritage Zone; Zone 3: Balukhanda Recreational
Zone can be classified thematically as culture, nature
and recreation. In conformity with the requirements
laid down by the MoUD under HRIDAY, the nature of
projects can inform the selection criteria of consultants
which is based on their experience of working in the
field of:
consultation with Engineers of City Mission
a. Water conservation (rivers, lakes, ponds), Directorate & ULBs and as per the
b. Cultural heritage conservation and instructions/guidelines/toolkits issued by the Ministry
interpretation (signages etc), of Urban Development (MoUD) & HRIDAY City
c. Landscape development (gardens, Anchors and any other bodies appointed by MoUD for
beaches, parks, public spaces, street successful implementation of HRIDAY whichever is
scape), applicable for various Infrastructure Projects identified
d. Civic Infrastructure works and for Puri.
e. Architectural Works
This classification of projects under these themes sets a

well-defined basis for selection of consultants who
should be able to present a core competency in the
stated specialization.
The scope of work of the projects is preparation of

feasibility reports, site survey & soil investigations,
detailed design, detailed estimates, detailed
architectural, landscape & structural and engineering
drawings, design calculations, BOQ & detailed
specifications and schedule of finishes, selection of
material/approval of samples, construction drawings
for execution of work, tender document for selection
of contractor, project scheduling, O&M Plan and
periodic monitoring and supervision and other

11.4 Projects Implementation
11.4.1 Project planning and design guidelines in the toolkits and further enhancement of
the same.
activities
Preparation of the DPRs are to follow rigorous norms
11.4.2 Review and Monitoring
set out by MoUD for the scheme. The CHP will guide
The HRIDAY scheme is structured for planning and
the scope of work, with the CMD and HCA working
implementation through the following institutional
together to ensure that the scope of work, design and
structure at national level and city level:
strategy proposed in the DPR upholds the vision set out
by the CHP.
The City Mission Directorate is required to have

engineers from the local government to examine the
design efficacy and engineering competence of designs
proposed in the detailed project reports while the HCA
is required to examine the compliance with the design
Figure 11-2 Management structure of HRIDAY as per MoUD
DPR
Consultants

11.4.3 Role of City Level Advisory &

Monitoring Committee
The City Mission Directorate is also the Co-ordinator
The CLAMC is convened by District Magistrate/
for the entire program and is mandated to coordinate
Collector, and is prescribed to be constituted of officials
with various organizations for timely completion of the
from several line departments along with elected
work. The responsibility of the City Mission
members from the city and eminent local citizens.
Directorate is as follows:
Following are the roles and responsibilities of the
CLAMC: i. Selection of agencies for DPR, Execution and
M&E from the empanelled lists
i. Approval of City HRIDAY Plan
ii. Evaluation of City HRIDAY Plans, DPRs and
ii. Review of DPRs before forwarding it to the
Execution Works
National Mission Directorate
iii. Vetting of M&E Certificates and release of
iii. Monitoring and review of timely progress of
payments to Executing Agencies
the Project
iv. Overall Coordination, Execution and
Monitoring of HRIDAY Scheme at City level
11.4.4 Role of City Mission Directorate
The City Mission Directorate (CMD) has been assigned The Mission Directorate is also required to undertake
as the nodal agency for implementation of the scheme capacity building activities including training and
at the city level.In Puri, following are the list of enhancing linkages within cities, states and institutions
members inducted to function as members of the City of excellence.
Mission Directorate of Puri:
1. Mr. Manish Agrawal, IAS, Chief Executive

Officer, Puri Municipality as Chairman and 11.4.5 Role of HRIDAY city anchors
CMD For each of the 12 Cities, agencies with significant
2. Mr. Lingraj Patnaik, Planning Member, PKDA expertise in the field of heritage have been selected to
as Urban Planner be the HRIDAY City Anchor, responsible for planning,
3. Mr. B.K.Jena, District Tourist Officer as advising and supporting the City Mission Directorate at
Heritage Specialist the City level for successful implementation of scheme
4. Mr. Manoj Kumar Mishra, Assistant Executive HRIDAY. The HRIDAY projects are also required to
Engineer as Municipal Engineer be integrated with other ongoing Programs/Schemes of
5. Mr. Ashok Kumar Panda, APD (F) as Finance the Local Government, State Government and
Specialist Government of India. The HRIDAY City Anchors
6. Ms. Golapmanjari Das, DSWO as Social & have the following responsibilities:
Community Development Professional
7. Mr. Biswanatha Panda, DIO, NIC as I.T. i. Provide technical advisory and guidance to the
Professional City Mission Directorate
8. Mr. Rajat Rakshit Mishra, Junior Assisstant as ii. Prepare the City HRIDAY Plans along with
Support Staff prioritization of Projects
9. Ms. Alaka Singh, Nodal Community Advisor iii. Provide quality control for all selected projects
as Support Staff starting from preparation of Detailed Project
10. Mr. Prabir Khillar, Additional Executive Reports to execution of works
Officer, Puri Municipality as Co-opted iv. Engage in Capacity Building of City officials
member

11.5 Community Consultations, necessary for sustainable program. Sustainable

Management and Operation and Management
Education and Outreach
HRIDAY, itself, is rooted in the belief that active Mapping of Heritage and GIS data base a project
engagement of local governments is key for sustained for participatory process
progress in a city. The invitation for Expression of
Interest (EOI) for HRIDAY City Anchors emphasized An important component of the shelf of projects that
that a series of stakeholders consultations are required are to be undertaken with the current financial
to identify the issues and problems at the grass root allocation (2015-2016) is the use of technology as a tool
level. This EOI further underscored that vigorous for engaging the local community more specifically the
public consultation (organised or isolated) should be youth in schools. The GIS database available with the
undertaken with citizens, city officials, and other local government has been proposed to be used as the
stakeholders. open source map for mapping of heritage and oral
histories in a participatory manner by the children of
It is therefore essential that there is stakeholders schools and colleges. Methodology would be put in
engagement with the program at various stages of - place to ensure that children and youth get to map,
conceptualization of the projects, detailing, document and hence engage with their own heritage
implementation, operation and maintenance. Heritage and living environment. The information generated
based development, whether at the micro level (of a would be used for preparation of the content for site
monument) or macro level (for cultural/ urban interpretative materials and for developing
landscapes) requires that the needs and aspirations of conservation strategies for historic building stock.
various interest groups are addressed to ensure that the
process is inclusive and offers a platform for a
participatory approach. Strategies which allow for
heritage to be looked after by the citizens themselves
are known to ensure sustainable maintenance,
management. Involved communities and custodians-
will ensure that this program for HRIDAY is not a one
- time government intervention. This is only possible
with the active engagement of multiple stakeholders
working in a collaborative spirit with a shared vision for
the city
Towards this end, consultations have been conducted

in Puri on various platforms: at meetings with decision
makers, consultations with various government and
private stakeholders to understand past, ongoing and
proposed development initiatives and with local
resource people towards understanding community
needs and with the local community to share and
discuss ideas. Meetings have also been undertaken with
community groups to present the plan. CIDPs further
require to be presented at the local levels to get inputs
from the local community that lives and engages with
the immediate setting of the heritage asset or the asset
itself. The diagram given below describes the various
stages where consultations with the community is

11.6 Sustainable Management and Operation and Management
Planning requires that interests of all groups interested The shelf of projects identified in the three zones, both
in heritage of their city are acknowledged in proposals by funding made available by HRIDAY as well as that
through a balanced approach- giving due consideration provided under other schemes of state and national
to the needs of those engaged in heritage based government ( as represented by the diagram given
commerce (both the informal and formal sector) and below) are to have parallel execution timelines. In order
those working towards protection and preservation of to ensure a standardized superior quality of output as
heritage. To achieve a holistic approach for the the culmination of envisioned City HRIDAY Plan, it is
development of the city, the identified heritage zones recommended that the implementation of all given
are recommended to be integrated in the Draft projects follow the design guidelines provided in the
Comprehensive Development Plan of the city to be CHP Toolkits. It is further advocated that the projects
notified as part of the ongoing effort to notify this be executed under the consistent supervision of a
document as the Master Plan. The toolkits prepared as monitoring body consisting of political representatives,
part of the CHP, could be used as design guidelines for administrative officers and technical experts, which can
projects proposed in the heritage zones. The design be chaired over by the Collector
guidelines to be notified by PKDA to ensure that any
implementation in a heritaze zone by several line The table below shows the projects and the line
agencies follow same guidelines.This process can be department that will be undertaking the projects in the
monitored /co-ordinated by a co-ordination committee heritage zones during the life span of the HRIDAY
under the CMD /the Collector for the design projects.

development as well as implementation.
Management and Role of the Community requires recommended. These institutions can be engaged with
that the public and private sector work in tandem as specific mandates, with some focused on, technical,
each offers varied opportunities for engagement with cultural and commercial activities, skill development
heritage- as users, caretakers, potential incubators and and entrepreneurship. For instance, one of the
investors. A very important role can be played by the important decision taken by CLAMC is engagement of
community including investment of the private sector IIT Kharagpur as an independent technical advisor to
both philanthropic or of commercial interest. City Mission Directorate to advice and evaluate
Detailed Project Reports. (Refer Volume IV Minutes of
Institutional mechanism are recommended to be meeting of CLAMC)
developed which would enable private sector
engagement as well as role of community forums, Mangement structures supported by legal
educational institutions and non government institutional mechanisms for sustainable technical,
organisations. financial management and operation and
maintenance of resources generated through
Institutions to play a role of incubators for skill HRIDAY must be developed as a final outcome of
development and appreciation of heritage is this project.

Chapter Twelve
Promotion Program
and Marketing
Strategies
Promotion Program and Marketing Strategies
12 Promotion Program and Marketing

Strategies
According to tourism statistics, Odisha has seen an 1. Identifier of issues within the heritage fabric of
average 10% increase in visitors, observed over 10 years urban Puri, which should be resolved through a
from 2009 to 20141. Of them, more than a million are participatory approach, encouraging the use of
pilgrims devotees who come to Puri to take part in local knowledge and traditional skill.
the celebration of Rath Yatra alone, marking Lord 2. Providers of technical assistance towards
Jagannaths annual journey from Shree Jagannath protection and promotion of tangible heritage.
Temple to Gundicha Temple. Clearly, the city of Puri 3. Enablers for technical guidance and planning for
does not require marketing strategies to increase visitors heritage development.
to the city. Similarly, it emerged from the response of
local people received during consultations undertaken Thus, need of the hour is in assisting the citizens
during the project period, people of Puri are of Puri through planning to reconnect with the
empowered and deeply aware of the immense heritage fundamental values of their heritage and achieve a
that they are the custodians of. holistic approach towards sustainable
development which further ensures mitigation of
Stakeholder consultations conducted by the H.C.A with past interventions which have been detrimental to
both governing officials and lay people, it was evident, heritage resource base.
that life of the people of Puri revolves around the citys
heritage one that they are exceedingly honored to Need for a Participatory Approach
have been endowed with, and actively engaged within
Despite heritage being a generator of commerce and
their everyday lives. Further, as the society of Puri
economic development, there is a general apathy
already possesses a highly evolved system of interaction towards heritage due to lack of awareness at an
with their heritage in the form of Seva a hereditary
administrative level, which further reflects upon the
relationship of service towards Shree Jagannath perception of visitors and communities contiguous to
Temple, developed through centuries of practice, these
heritage sites.
intangible values housed in tradition were recognized by
the HRIDAY team while planning for proposals. It was Community appreciation and involvement is an
understood that inclusion of extraneous methodologies essential ingredient towards creating sustainable
were to be strictly avoided. mechanisms for protection and up gradation of heritage
assets. Objective of the HRIDAY program is to evoke
The scope of HRIDAY is thus primarily to assist the a behavioral change in users and city dwellers. This will
existing systems of sustainable heritage management
only happen if heritage sites impact the quality of life of
which are economically and socially viable, in the the citizens and hence induce a sense of well-being -
current climate of development pressure that is often
present and future - through opportunities which link
unresponsive and hence fatal to heritage values and
the past to the future. Further, the employment of local
their attributes. Thus, in this context the role of the skill sets and traditional knowledge systems through
HRIDAY City Anchors at Puri can be understood as:
public participation is mandatory, this, as it increases
1 Statistical Bulletin 2013, Department of Tourism, Govt. of Odisha

the communal engagement with heritage something consumers, pilgrims to tourists, and local citizens as
that a contractor based approach is seen not to achieve. well as visitors through the creation of safe
environments and better mobility for all (vehicular,
pedestrian and for cycles).
Promotion and marketing programs need to be embedded within
frameworks that encourage community participation and enhance Local aspirations and global goals have to go hand in
pride in the local stakeholders to be successful. While the hand; nonpartisan approaches have to be used. The
development sector such as industry, agriculture has been community needs that are understood from stakeholder
acknowledged, culture is most often disconnected from planning consultations require to be addressed within the larger
frameworks which has led to this lacunae leading to apathy. environmental and heritage requirements. As defined in
the United Nations Goals for Sustainable
Development- Environment, Economy, Society and
Behavioral Change Culture- all must be considered to be developed
simultaneously towards sustainable development. It has
While communities in Puri themselves are proud of to be borne in mind, that neither can be compromised
their cultural identity, as can be seen from their intrinsic in favour of another. Addressing aspirational values
commitment to intangible heritage. The limitations in of the local community is critical to mobilizing
heritage management is due to inadequate state and community participation. Various aspects of the
local level policy level interventions for management scheme offer to increase sense of wellbeing among its
practices of tangible heritage. This lack of prioritization, users and custodians towards this end.
recognition and inadequate financial aid towards the
conservation and maintenance of built heritage in turn A balance of the visual vocabulary of interventions
hampers the appreciation of heritage by its citizens and while being sympathetic to the historic setting is
also impacts the visitors perception towards a city. proposed as modern in its functioning/ technology
used addressing aspirational values of people for
Thus, in this particular scenario, employment of development.
conventional promotion and marketing strategies may
be counterproductive as it would increase expectations Of the various issues that need to be addressed in order
and not impact the health of the resource itself. In the to achieve a desired behavioral change, the following
case of Puri, local aspirations and global goals have have been observed to exist in Puri:
to go hand in hand; nonpartisan approaches have to be
used. The community needs that are understood from Problem 1: Inadequate recognition, protection,
stakeholder consultations require to be addressed conservation and management of built heritage
simultaneous within the larger environmental and
Problem 2: Lack of recognition of peoples collective
heritage requirements. As defined in the United
and individual growth initiatives that are imperative
Nations Goals for Sustainable Development,
towards growth and sustainability
Environment, Economy, Society and Culture all must
be considered to be developed simultaneously towards Problem 3: Environment (comprising both nature
sustainable development. It has to be borne in mind, and culture) not recognized as one of the pillars of
that neither can be compromised in favor of another. sustainable development framework
Thus, all projects in HRIDAY program have been The following Log Frame Triangles capture the
proposed based on principles of equity and social various aspects of the existing ground conditions,
inclusion. They address the needs of people from all analyses and proposes interventions necessary to
strata of society/ across the social hierarchy from impact behavioral change towards heritage
people involved in the commercial sector (Including management. This would ensure a richer experience for
both formal establishment and informal shops and locals and visitors alike. The Problems have been
people involved in production and transportation.) to described on the apex of each triangle, while the
ultimate goal which is Behavioral Change towards Level Advisory and Monitoring Committee which has
heritage appreciation thus impacting management is the the representation of the Members of Parliaments,
fundamental desired outcome. Members of the Legislative Assembly and Mayor,
political will towards heritage sensitive development is
The path from identification of the Problem to taken as an assumption. Further the emphasis placed on
achieving Behavioral Change, is divided into delineating Social Sector development as part of the 12th Five Year
the Causes behind the problem, and recognizing Plan, of which culture is a significant part is another area
possible Interventions that can be adopted to alleviate of commitment. The interventions proposed under the
them. Thus Cause and Intervention form two tiers in HRIDAY scheme for Puri all respond to the Problems
the triangle, intermediate to Problem. Given that the identified
Government of India through the Ministry of Urban
Development is committed to heritage sensitive
development and so is the local government through
the engagement of elected representatives in the City
Log Frame Problem Proposal
1 Inadequate recognition, Institutional Reforms and Policy Level Intervention
protection, conservation and Zone 1 : Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
management of built heritage Zone 2 : River Musa Environmnetal Heritage Zone
Zone 3: Balukhanda Recreational Zone
2 Lack of recognition of peoples Zone 1: Shankha Kshetra Heritage Zone
collective and individual growth encompassing traditional systems of living in the ancient
initiatives that are imperative sahis, hereditary occupation of artisans, and social
towards growth and sustainability function units of Mathas, jagas and akhadas.
3 Environment not recognized as one Zone 2 : River Musa Environmnetal Heritage Zone
of the three pillars of sustainable Zone 3: Balukhanda Recreational Zone
development framework

Figure 12-1 Log Frame for Built Heritage
The Problem of Inadequate Recognition, Survey of India are inadequately enforced and thus add
Protection, Conservation and Management applies to the Causes. The existing organizational structure of
for both Built heritage, and Natural heritage as well. departments responsible for the citys heritage, such as
the Endowment Department is inadequate for
The Causes behind this are identified as Less Priority management of diverse built heritage and could benefit
being given to Culture and Environment with through the inclusion of specialists and skilled artisans
Economic development being prioritized. Inadequate as well as working arrangements with the Department
legal instruments, such as bylaws for preservation of of Culture. Lack of financial resources is also a causal
unprotected heritage do not exist; even the existing laws factor.
guarding monuments protected by the Archaeological
To combat these issues the following multi-pronged allocation of funds has been described in chapter 11 of
Interventions are proposed. The integrated framework this document:
with the implementation strategy within the current
Zone Intervention
Zone I 1. Urban Design and Building Guidelines for the Historic City including Bada Danda (including
protection of townscape values)
2. Planning and Design guidelines for the 300 meters buffer zone of Shree Jagannath temple
3. Integrated mobility plan with improved pedestrian and vehicular traffic infrastructure in the
heritage zone integrated with the larger city plan. (This should include the infrastructure provided for the
floating population that arrives at Puri during Rath Yatra. The land parcels owned by the government and used to
accommodate infrastructure catering to festivals such as Nabkalebar and Rath Yatra need to be notified as protected
open spaces. Projects completed to assist the festival should be inculcated into the citys public infrastructure. Risk
preparedness plans should also be ensured)
4. Provision for conservation and development guidelines for unprotected heritage buildings,
tanks, temples and gardens (select Mathas, tanks and jagas to be conserved as a template for future conservation
endeavors; Conservation and building guidelines for unprotected monuments should be introduced under the scope of
the Orissa Hindu Religious Endowment Act, 1951)
5. Presentation of Multilayered Data through GIS Map
6. Development of policies promoting the use of vernacular architecture, traditional materials and
construction systems.
7. Preparation of Hoarding Policy
8. Preparation of Vending Policy
9. Preparation of Illumination Plan

Zone II 10. Notification of Development and design guidelines for water front development of River Musa
and maintenance of the catchment area
11. Urban design and landscape improvement along the road and the river.
Zone III 12. Integrated Development strategy for Governor House Road ( as part of city mobility plan)
13. Integrated Development Strategy for Chakratirtha Road ( as part of city mobility plan)

Puri is known for its rich heritage in spirituality, arts and which they are connected to Shree Jagannath Temple
crafts. Detailed research revealed the athletic skills that through either the performance of daily rituals or the
have been cultivated through generations in the social supply of Puja ingredients mandatory for the smooth
structural unit of akhadas and jagagharas akhadas of Puri. running of the temple. Each sahi is also equipped with
The ancient neighborhoods grouped primarily around an akhadas, and a multitude of jagagharas under the
Shree Jagannath Temple known as sahis are rich authority of the akhadas.
repositories of traditional knowledge and are often
exclusive to craftsmen of particular specializations for Conceptually, these are centres of fitness, run by money
example, Pathuria Sahi is home to stone carvers and derived from the sale of coconuts and fish from their
Chitrakar Sahi to the painters. orchards and ponds that enable the youth of adjacent
communities to train in athletic skills such as wrestling,
Most of the Mathas are also located within these sahis strength training and swimming. These social units
and are part of the ancient system of Seva, through contribute largely towards the cultural value of Puris
urbanity and the resultant skillsets are particularly through providing meaningful support to the traditional
vulnerable in the current climate of globalization. institutional and social infrastructure of the local
community.
While traditional celebrations such as Sahi Yatras still
endeavor to encourage the ancient skillsets, they still The Causes behind this issue is that cultural traditions
need support from the state level through an and traditional social institutions, in this fast globalizing
environment of appreciation, encouragement and age are being treated as static resource. The existing
augmentation, through the organization of district level modern legal frameworks do not adequately enable or
competition and exhibitions, that can provide encourage participatory processes in cultural heritage
participants the opportunity to showcase their talents, management, traditional systems and practices of
evaluate themselves through exposure to larger pools of community are not appropriately recognized in
talent and audience, and expand themselves towards mainstream cultural heritage conservation, inadequate
even higher standards of excellence. investment on onsite physical infrastructure, and
outdated disabling governance models.
Thus the second Problem that needs to be addressed
of Lack of Recognition and Support to Peoples To combat these issues the following Interventions are
Collective and Individual Initiatives for proposed:
Maintained Growth and Visibility can be addressed
Zone Intervention
Zone I 1. Conservation of Mathas as a step towards the improvement of physical infrastructure and
increasing visitors accessibility as a step towards creating greater awareness
Zone II 2. Conservation of Jagas Increasing the source of income through the de-silting and
dredging of ponds for better pisciculture environment, and use of the same silt to fertilize
coconut trees to escalate production of fruit.
City Level 3. Improved interpretation and Information through both Directional and Informative
Signage, Orientation and City Level Museum illustrating the traditional systems of
knowledge all executed through the employment of locally available materials and skill
sets.

While there is emphasis on the development of disasters of cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis that
economy in Puri, which automatically incorporates Puri is susceptible to. Further, the only sources of
within its folds some components of culture often drinking water for the entire city the 700 Acres of
commoditized with rampant disregard towards essential Sweet Water Zone are also not adequately protected in
life giving features of environmental/ natural heritage. environment friendly ways. Encroachment within the
This is evident from the state of neglect of the Musa demarcated zones as well as ground water
River, Mangala River, the Beach and the Sweet Water contamination from the slums that fringe the aquifer
Zones of Baliapanda and Chakratirtha. area have been identified as some fundamental issues
which require addressal.
While the rivers are choked with unchecked growth of
unwanted vegetation, disconnected by encroachments Thus, the Problem of Environment not being
and contaminated by untreated refuse flowing in from recognized as one of the Three Pillars of
adjacent slums, the sea is polluted by unfiltered water of Sustainable Development Framework in Puri.
Banki Muhana Waste Water Treatment Plant and lack
vegetative buffers required to mitigate the natural
The Causes for this are identified as environment being growth of population, industrial development, physical
perceived as an isolated identity separate from infrastructure etc. and not the natural heritage or with
development and needs of community, culture a consciousness towards sustainable
misunderstood as not contributing to economic environmental practices.
development of the state, culture being perceived as
entertainment for tourists as a commodity to be To combat these issues the following Interventions are
consumed, urban development policies responsive to proposed:
Zone Intervention
Zone II 1. Revitalization of River Musa and its flood plains through dredging, de-silting, re-connecting
Musa and Mangala, re-allocating slum-dwellers encroaching on the edges, landscape
interventions on the river banks and integrating the Rivers to the city life through the
provision of recreational facilities along the river.
2. Revival of all water system connected to the river, holy tanks, ponds and pokhris especially
those connected to akhadas and jagas as discussed earlier
3. Protection of Sweet Water Zones through the definition of its extents, building of boundary
walls, re-allocating encroachments and providing landscape interventions based on
environmental impact assessment studies.
Zone III 4. Environmental upgradation along the sea front through the regulation of activity and
provision of green buffers varying in width from activity nodes to eco-sensitive areas.
5. Development of landscape garden by recycling treated water from the Waste Water
Treatment Plant at Banki Muhana using, thereby preventing pollution of marine ecology by
contaminated water and making the adjacent communities aware of environmental friendly
values.


Chapter Thirteen
Strategies for
Operation and
Maintenance
Strategies for Operation and Maintenance
13 Strategies for Operation and Maintenance
The vision for heritage based development is often These strategies thus, allow for heritage to be
based on international paradigms which may conflict looked after by the citizens themselves ensuring
with perceptions that local community hold about their sustainable maintenance, management and more
heritage, and stakeholders on their aspirations for involved communities and custodians- ensuring
development. For successful and sustainable the program is not a one - time government
development, it is essential that local stakeholders intervention.
engage with the entire extent of works towards project
development conceptualization, detailing, Planning requires that the interests of all heritage
implementation, operation and maintenance. Heritage interest groups are acknowledged in proposals through
based development, whether at the micro level (of a a balanced approach- giving due consideration to the
monument) or macro level (for cultural/ urban needs of those engaged in heritage based commerce
landscapes) requires that the needs and aspirations of (both the informal and formal sector) and those
various interest groups from both the public and working towards protection and preservation of
private sector are addressed to ensure that the process heritage.
is inclusive and offers a platform for a participatory
Management and Role of the Community requires
approach.
that the public and private sector work in tandem as
Key recommendations have been made towards each offers varied opportunities for engagement with
engagement of the youth with their heritage heritage- as users, caretakers, potential incubators and
through creative uses of technology. Sensor based investors. There is a strong role of the community
apps are proposed around the city in which signals through the private sector and local government bodies
would be detected at select sites through a smartphone through the Municipal Corporation.
which could be used to source more information on a
It is essential that local stakeholders engage with the
site. It is also recommended that the youth of the city,
entire gamut of works towards project development-
specifically educational institutions, be collaborated
from conceptualization, detailing, implementation,
with to conduct activities towards collecting oral
operation and maintenance. Heritage based
histories for this app. This would not only be an
development, whether at the micro level (of a
important promotion activity but would be critical to
monument) or macro level (for cultural/ urban
induce community participation and appreciation
landscapes) requires that the needs and aspirations of
towards pride/ respect in their heritage. Such activities
various interest groups - from both the public and
allow for opportunities for the youth to acquire a sense
private sector are addressed to ensure that the process
of familiarity with their heritage thus developing a sense
is inclusive and offers a platform for a participatory
of ownership.
approach. Strategies which allow for heritage to be
Education and development of Institutions as looked after by the citizens themselves are known to
incubators for skill development and appreciation ensure sustainable maintenance, management. Involved
of heritage is a prime feature of the proposals in communities and custodians- will ensure that this
each zone. These institutions have been proposed program for HRIDAY is not a one - time government
with specific mandates, with some focused on cultural intervention. This is only possible with the active
and commercial activities, and others towards skill engagement of multiple stakeholders working in a
development and entrepreneurship. A marriage of collaborative spirit with a shared vision for the city
nature and culture is presented as a theme in each of the
The various parts of the whole need to be addressed
proposed institutions.
together from all ends as a cyclical process- both from
bottom up and top down. The diagram given illustrates
352 | City Hriday Plan - Amritsar
Strategies for Operation and Maintenance
the necessity of community consultation and consensus

building as a method to be followed at every stage of
the project- from identification, to planning, to design
detailing, implementation and operation and
maintenance for development of a sustainable
programme.
CRCI India Pvt. Ltd. in consortium with IPE Global | 353

Temple
1. Banambara siva temple-I
2. Kanapada Mahavira Temple
3. Punjabi Matha Temple
4. Madhava Temple
5. Muktesvara Temple
6. Navagraha Temple
7. Svetamadha Temple
8. Ugrasena Temple
9. Varahi Temple
10. Gumani Mahavira Temple
11. Ramji Temple
12. Harisankar Temple Precinct Burial Temple-I
13. Harisankar Temple Precinct Burial Temple-I
14. Harisankar Temple Precinct Burial Temple-III
15. Govindajew Temple
16. Sree Gundicha Temple
17. Bata Mahavira Temple
18. Chamunda Temple
19. Jagannatha Temple
20. Bimala Temple
21. Kapalmochana Siva Temple
22. Laxmi-Narayan(Narasimha Temple)
23. Narsimha Temple
24. Nilakantha Siva Temple
25. Pala Harachandi Temple
26. Dakhsina Kali temple
27. Gachha Kali temple Mahakalesvara Siva Temple
28. Mahakalesvara Siva Temple
29. Yogesvara Siva Temple
30. Allhapadma Thakurani Temple
31. Banambara Siva T emple-IV
32. Hatajodi Thakurani Temple
33. Jhadesvari Temple
34. Nilakantha Siva Temple-I
35. Nilakantha Siva Temple-II
36. Ramachandi Temple
37. Radhakrishna Temple
38. Markandesvara Siva temple
39. Panda Jagaghara Hanuman Temple
40. Patitapavana Temple
41. Kamesvara Siva Temple
42. Alamchandi Temple
43. Batamangala Temple
Matha Ashram 44. Bedi mahavir temple
45. Balesvara Siva Temple
1. Raghubdas matha 23. Torania Matha 7. Banamali Khunta Jaga 1. Narotam Tagore Ashram 46. Chakra Narayan Temple
2. Kausalyadas matha 24. Rebasa Matha 8. Baluna Mashwar Jaga 2. Shri Narotam Ashram 47. Radhamadhava Narsimha Temple
3. Dakshina Parsva Matha 25. Sankarachanda Matha 9. Balasahi Akhada Panchayat 3. Isopanth Ashram 48. Lokanatha Siva Temple
4. Papudia Matha 26. Jada Matha 10. Kusum Ghunta Jaga 4. Sadhar Ashram 49. Muktesvara Siva Temple
5. Punjabi Matha 27. Naiya Matha 11. Hathisala 5. Harnath Ashram 50. Narasimhanath Visnu Temple
6. Mangu Matha 28. Nua Matha 12. Hinjala Jaga Chera 6. Raasa Bihar Ashram 51. Narayana Temple
7. Radhaballa Matha 29. Sundardash Matha 13. Dakshin Kali Panti house 7. Nigampenda Ashram 52. Radha Krishana Temple (Gopinath)
8. Bada Chatta Matha 30. Sidha Matha 14. Maa Harichandra Durga Puja Mandapa 8. Puri Seba Ashram 53. Ratnesvari Temple
9. Narayana Cahhatta Matha 31. Angira Matha 15. Labahanikhia Sudam jaga Panti House 9. Ramakrishna Mission 54. Siddha Mahavira Temple
10. Sri Chaitanya Matha 32. Samadhi Matha 16. Hare Krishna Niwas 10. Satsang Vihari
11. Sri Jagannath Ballava Matha 33. Rani Matha 17. Binayaka Samiti 11. Divyodham Ashram
12. Emar Matha 34. Jhanjapita Matha 18. Akshaypatra Foundation 12. Gurudev Ashram Sweet Water Zone
13. Narsimhachari Matha 35. Nevaldas matha 19. Jaigarha Jaga 13. Ashutosh Haridas Ashram
14. Uttara Parsva Matha 36. Dukshyama Chatta Matha 20. Bada Jaga 14. Chaitanya Ashram
15. Bada Akhada Matha 21. Baya Jaga 15. Raghunatana Ashram River & Streams
16. Badasantha Matha Jagaghara 22. Kumar Padha
17. Kotabhoga Matha 23. Shyama Shyam Satsang Water Tank
18. Ganga Mata Matha 1. Behera Sahi 24. U.C. Mandapa
2. Balbhadra Akhada 1. Indrayumna Tank
19. Jearswami Matha 25. Brahma Samaj 2. Markande Tank
20. Sanachhata Matha 3. Pani Tora Jaga 26. Dharma Dham
4. Rajgutu Jaga 3. Swetganga
21. Sankaracharua Gobardhan Matha 27. Nursingha Deva 4. Narendra Tank
22. Trimali Matha 5. Guru Hanumanta Akhada 28. Chakramayana Temple
6. Jhakurami Jaga 5. Parvati Sagar
6. Pathar Pokhri

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CITY HRIDAY PLAN

CRCI India Pvt. Ltd

IPE Global Pvt. Ltd.

Shri Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister Odisha

Mr. Ashok Panda, Minister, Department of Tourism and Culture, Odisha

Mr. Pinaki Mishra, M.P. (LS), Puri

Mr. Maheswar Mohanty, M.L.A., Puri

Mr. Aravind Agrawal, District Collector, Puri

Dr. U. C. Majhi, Additional District Magistrate, Puri

Mr. Jayanta Kumar Sarangi, Chairman, Puri Municipality

Mr. Manish Agarwal, Chief Executive Officer, Puri Municipality

Mr Prabir Khilar, Additional Executive Officer, Puri Municipality

Mr. Rajat Mishra, Municipal Engineer, Puri Municipality, Puri

Mr. Abhimanyu Behera, Enforcement Officer, Puri Municipality, Puri

Mr. Ranjith, Clerical Staff, Puri Municipality, Puri

Mr Subhananda Mahapatra, Tehesildar, Puri

Mr. Bhakta Das, Municipal Councillor, Puri

Mr. Pabitra Mandal, Secretary, Puri Konark Development Authority (P.K.D.A)

Mr. L. P. Patnaik, Planning Member, Puri Konark Development Authority (P.K.D.A).

Mr. P. K. Hota, Administrator (Dev.), Shree Jagannatha Temple Administration, Puri

Mr Sudip Kumar Chatterjee, Information Officer, Shree Jagannatha Temple Administration

Mr. G.C. Panigrahi, Commissioner, Department of Endowment, Bhubaneshwar

Mr. R. N Mohapatra, General Manager, District Industries Centre (D.I.C.)

Mr. A.K Patnaik, Assistant Manager, District Industries Centre (D.I.C.)

Mr. B.P.Ray, Superintendent Archaeologist, Odisha State Archaeology, Bhubaneshwar

Mr. B.K. Jena, Tourist officer, Department of Tourism, Puri

Er. R. C. Patra, Asst. Manger, P.E.D., Puri

Er. Srinibash Das, Assistant Manager CESU, P.E.D., Puri

Er. A. K. Mishra, Assistant Manager CESU, P.E.D., Puri

Mr Siva P. Swain, Executive Engineer, CESU, Puri

Mr. Sanjay Mallick, Executive Engineer, Drainage, Water Resource Department.

Mr. Gagan Biswal, Executive Engineer, Irrigation, Water Resource Department.

Mr. Shashank Shekhar Nanda, Deputy Project Engineer, OWSSB

Mr. N. K. Dash, E.E. (R&B), O.S.D.

Mr Sanjay Mishra, O.S.D., Puri

Mr. P. K. Satapathy, P.D., D.R.D.A.

Mr Manoranjan Samal, Additional S.P of Police, Puri

Mr. Lingaraj Mishra, Deputy Commandant of Traffic Police, Puri

Mr Nalini Kanta Sahoo, Dist. Cultural Officer, Puri

Mr Deba Prasad Mohanty, Asst. Executive Engineer, PHD, Puri

Mr Bijay Kr Sahoo, Asst. Executive Engineer, RWSS, Puri

Mr. Ravi Mishra, Local Resource Person, Hotelier, Puri

Mr, Gangadhar Pradhan, Neel Madab Binayak Samiti, Puri

Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), NewDelhi

1 PURPOSE OF CITY HRIDAY PLAN 2

3 APPRAISAL OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL ASSETS OF PURI 40

4 REVIEW OF EXISTING INITIATIVES 96

5 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION 188

6 PROJECTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE GAP ASSESSMENT (CITY LEVEL) 212

7 PRIORITISATION OF ASSETS 234

8 CITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 240

10 INVESTMENT PLAN AND SOURCE OF FUNDING 288

11 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND MONITORING MECHANISMS 298

12 PROMOTION PROGRAM AND MARKETING STRATEGIES 342

13 STRATEGIES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 352

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1 Purpose of City HRIDAY Plan