Journal of Advance Research in Electronics & Communication Engineering

Journal of The International Association of Advanced Technology and Science

Home Appliance Control And Energy Management Using PIR

Sensors And ARM Processor

Kirtika .K.Lunawat, Prof.U.M.Gokhale

Student, Departmentof electronics and telecommunication,GHHRIETW,RTMNU,NAGPUR,INDIA

Professor Departmentof electronics and telecommunication,GHHRIETW,RTMNU,NAGPUR,INDIA

[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract In recent scenario saving energy has become one of the most important issues . The maximum
wastage of energy is due the inefficient use of the consumer electronics. These days when there is a
demand of comfortable home management but a considerable increase in the electricity bills. The
protomodel aims a providing the owner the ability to automatically perform smart load operations
providing automatic power cut off system when the home appliances are not in use and also an automatic
monitoring of consumption of electricity which alarms the user about his consumption taking into
accountuse of home appliances , customers preference and customers presence. In the proto model the
Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are used to detect the presence of people in the room and thus perform
energy management as they are used as powerful people presence trigerrers. The alarming system is
provided by using the smoke and gas sensor and GSM is used in case of emergency. A separate remote
control is provided for the flexible control and use of the electric appliances for the comfortable use. A
light dependent resistor(LDR) provides th efficient anagement of energy based on residential and outdoor
light intensity. The proposed lighting system reduces approximate total power consumption up to
25%.And all this is achived by using an ARM processor.

Keywords ARM 7, PIR Sensors,LDR,GSM,Smoke and gas sensors.

I. INTRODUCTION
Energy-saving solutions have been becoming increasingly essential in recent years because of
environmental issues such as climate change and global warming . Environmental problems are very
important issues and these problems are largely caused by the excessive use of energy.
A smart home is a residence in which
computing and information technology apply to expect and respond to the occupants' needs and can be
used to enhance the everyday life at home. The research work aims at making a protomodel that provides a
homeowner the ability to automatically perform smart load controls which also provides automatic
electricity cut off system when the home appliances are not required and also a monitoring of per day
consumption of electricity which alarms the user about his consumption taking into account home utility
signals, customers preference and customers presence A large amount of electricity is wasted as the user
forgets to turn off the home utility appliances like the lights and fans etc. The research work aims at saving
this wastage of electricity. Another highlight is the monitoring and display system for consumption of
electricity. By having an average of the electricity consumption an average per day consumption for the
customer can be calculated and then at the end of the day the proposed system will display and let the user
know whether they have over consumed or under consumed the electricity for which he is needed to pay.
Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are widely used as a simple but powerful people presence
triggers.In the protomodel the PIR Sensors detects the presence of people in the room.When nobody is

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present in the room, the appliances will be turned off, saving electricity.The fire alarming system is
provided by using the smoke&gas sensor and emergency help will be contacted through GSM. The overall
control is provided by using the ARM Processor .According to the time for which the appliance will be
turned off and their prescribed wattage consumption the average consumption per day will be calculated
and displayed on the LCD display for the comfort of the user. A separate module of remote control is
provided for the control and use of the electric appliances for the comfort of the user. The remote control
provides the user for turning the appliances on or off and thus taking care of the comfort and ease of the
user. Also the LDR is used to detect the ambient light and accordingly performs dimming of light
according to customers need.

II. Literature Survey

A lot of research work have been done in order to develop smart home management systems and efficient
energy managementsystems. Jaeseok Yun, Member, and Min-Hwan Son[1] present a novel method of
detecting a relative direction of human movement (in eight directions uniformly distributed) with two pairs
of PIRsensors whose sensing elements are orthogonally aligned.pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors have
been widely employed for human tracking system due to its low price and energy
requirement, reduced form factor, and unobtrusive and privacypreserving interaction. Many research
projects have developedmany applications using occupancy detection and localization technology based on
simple presence detection of a dense array of PIR sensors. However, beyond simple people presence, the
output of PIR sensors depends on several other issues, including thedistance of the persons body from the
PIR sensor, direction and speed of movement, and presence of multiple people.Ying-Wen Bai, Chen-Chien
Cheng and Zi-Li Xie[2] In this paper author design and implement an organized monitoring system by use
of ultrasonic signal coding of ultrasonic sensors with multiple PIR to detect an outsider coming towards a
home or a storehouse. The PIR sensors are placed on the ceiling.
Wang Huiyong, Wang Jingyang, Huang Min [3] The architecture of the system includes Five
main blocks are involved- the home server, the WSN system, smart devices,network of cameras, and
mobile service robots. The home server is the center of information and the control center of the whole
smart home system. It provides means to store information,monitor the devices, send particular tasks of the
user and thenprepare plans in a centralized way
M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn and S. Rahman[4]-Itprovides the
Home owner the ability to automatically perform Smart load controls based on utility signals ,customers
preference and load priority.It provides HEM hardware demonstration .Emphasis is placed on HEM
system setup and electrical measurement of the loadsThwe management of energy consumption is well
provided in this paper
.Xiangyang Li ,Weiqiang Zhang ,Hujing[5] proposed a system in which Control
Center uses 32-bit embedded RISC processor based ARM11 architecture. ZigBee wireless module is
embedded in control center and various appliances, in order to achieve wireless connectivity appliances
and intelligent control of appliances. Control center is the core component of intelligent homeappliance
system, it is actually a full-featured embedded systems. Hardware design uses a powerful ARM11 chip and
other functional modules. Touch screen is man-machine interface, user can control home appliances
through it. ZigBee wireless module implements the communication of home device.
Dae-man Han and Jae-Hyun Lim[6] designs smart home
device descriptions and standard practices for demand response and load management Smart
Energyapplications needed in a smart energy based residential or light commercial environment. In short,
lighting control systems deliver the correct amount of light, where you want it, when you want it. Lights
can automatically turn on, off or dim at set times or under set conditions, plus users can have control over
their own lighting levels to provide optimal working conditions. Lighting control helps to reduce costs and
conserve energy byturning off (or dimming) lights when they are not required. Jinsung Byun, Insung
Hong, Byoungjoo Lee, and Sehyun Park [7] utilizes multi sensors and wireless communication technology
in order to control an LED light according to the users state and the surroundings.The proposed LED
lighting system can autonomously adjust the minimum light intensity value to enhance both energy
efficiency and user satisfaction.

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III. Proposed Work

A remote control module is provided to provide an easy and comfortable control of home appliances
connected through RF module to the ARM processor. PIR sensors detect the human presence and ARM
processor turns off the electrical appliance automatically when there is nobody in the room. And the
appliances turn off as soon as the person exits theroom. Appliances are connected to the arm processor
through the relay driver . according to the external utility signal, prescribed wattage consumption of the
electrical appliance, and the total time for which the appliance is turned on , the arm processor will
calculate the per day consumption of the user and will alert the user through GSM and also will display it
on LCD display.
Smoke sensors are used to detect
the fire and will alert the contact person for help in case of emergency through the GSM. GSM is also
utilized to send an SMS to the user to alert him about the user. Photosensors detect outdoor light intensity
and controls the light intensity of appliances like the tube lights.The processor turns On and Off the
appliances accordingly. The research aims at developing a system for easy operation of appliances using a
remote control which is also energy efficient and provides automated energy management that facilitates
the reduction in electricity consumption.There is a lot of lot of electricity wastage due to the human
tendency of forgetting to turn off the lights.
The research aims at reduction in
this wastage by automatic turn off of the lights when there is nobody present in the room.Also Photo
resistors are used in order to maintain the light intensity according the outdoor environment and light. And
thus aims at reduction in electricity wastage.In Todays world when the electricity bills are increasing day
by day the work aims at providing a display of per day consumption of user and thus helps in managing his
electricity consumption for which he user is ought to pay.The per day consumption of electricity is
calculated by using the ARM 7 processor according to wattage consumption of each of the appliance.Also
LDR and ARM processor performs dimming of light appliances .

Fig1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM DESIGNED

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IV. BUILDING BLOCKS

COMPONENTS USED:
Hardware
1. ARM 7(LPC2148)
2. PIR Sensors(on chip op amp)
3. RF Module(CC2500)
4. Appliances
Relay drivers (between ARM and appliance)
5. Remote control
AVR ATMEGA16
6. LCD 16x2
Software
1. Keil software
A. ARM PROCESSOR(LPC2148)
The LPC 2148 ARM processor which is a 32 bit processor which is used as the
central controlling unitThe appliances to be used are connected to the ARM processor. The ARM
processor calculates the per day consumption of the appliances and then alerts the user about his
consumption.Also in case of emergengy like the LPG gas Leakage or in case of fire the arm processor
through the sensors detect emergency and will contact the help thrOugh the GSM.The energy management
is performed by using the photosensors as the arm processor through the photosensor will control the light
intensity according to the outdoor light intensity. Also a remote control through the RF module
communicates with the ARM processor and thus controls the on and off operation of the appliances.Thus
the ARM processor centrally controls the overall home appliance control and an
efficient energy management.
B. PHOTOSENSOR
Photosensors or photodetectors are sensors of light or other electromagnetic
energy.Photoresistors or Light Dependent resistors(LDR) which change resistance according to light
intensity.Normally the resistance of LDR decreases with increasing intensity of light falling on it.

C. SMOKE AND GAS SENSORS

This sensor module utilizes an MQ-2 as the sensitive component and has
a protection resistor and an adjustable resistor on board.The MQ-2 gas
sensor is sensitive to LPG, i-butane, propane,methane, alcohol, Hydrogen
and smoke. It could be used in gas leakage detecting equipments in family
and industry. The resistance of the sensitive component changes as the
concentration of the target gas changes.

D. PIR Sensors
Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are widely used as a simple but powerful people presence triggers, e.g.,
automatic lighting systems.Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors have been widely employed for human
tracking system due to its low cost and power consumption,small form factor, and unobtrusive and
privacy-preserving interaction and provides more than 98% correct detection of direction of movement.
E.GSM SIM900
The SIM900 provides GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data,and Fax in
a small form factor and with low power consumption. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3 mm,
SIM900 can fit almost all the space requirements in your Mobile to Mobile application, especially for slim
and compact demand of design.
F. Dimmer
A 16 step dimmer is used to perform dimming of light appliance. The voltage levels monitored by the
LDR are accordingly monitored by the ARM processor and accordingly dimming is performed by the
dimmer.concept of the dimmer having 4 inputs.

D0 D1 D3 D4 O/P

0 0 0 0 ON

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0 0 0 1 80-
90%
0 0 1 0 70-
80%
0 0 1 1 60-
70%

G.AVR ATMEGA16
Features
High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller
Advanced RISC Architecture
High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
8-channel, 10-bit ADC

V) FLOW DIAGRAM

FIG2.FLOW DIAGRAM

VI.RESULTS
According to the proposed plan and design platform and
the hardware module are implemented using ARM7 processor and Atmega16 microcontroller and RF-
modules. The Design of ARM7 based Home appliance control and energy management system consist of

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high-performance, low power ARM7 .The ARM7 based Home appliance contol and energy management
system will able to deal : i) providing an auto cutoff facility of appliances when no users are present in the
room. ii) Dimming of light intensity of appliance according to ambient light intensity. iii) provide a
remote control that provides a manual on and off of appliances according to the need of the user. iv)
providing a sms to the user about the auto consumption whenever needed. V) provide an alert to the user
when smoke and gas detected.

Fig 3. AUTO CONSUMPTION DISPLAY Fig4. SMOKE AND GAS DETECTION

Fig4. FLEXIBLE WORKING OF REMOTE CONTROL

Fig 5. PIR SENSORS PERFORMING AUTO CUTOFF

Fig 6. DIMMING PERFORMED ACCORDING TO AMBIENT LIGHT

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According to Jaeseok Yun1 Detecting Direction of Movement Using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors and
Ying-Wen Bai, Chen-Chien Cheng and Zi-Li Xie2 Use of Ultrasonic Signal Coding and PIR Sensors to
Enhance the Sensing Reliability of an Embedded Surveillance System concept of human detection by PIR
SENSORS is used in the protomodel and achieves the automatic turning on and off of the appliances
according to the presence of the user and thus supports energy management.According to Wang Huiyong,
Wang Jingyang, Huang Min3 Building a Smart Home System with WSN and Service Robot the concept
of remote control is taken and is used in the protomodel to achive manual operation of the appliances
according to the need of the user.Dae Man Han and Jae Hyun Lim6 Smart Home Energy Management
system using IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee also prooses the use of remote control for easy operation of the
appliances connected to the system.As proposed by M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn and S. Rahman4 in
Hardware Demonstration of a HomeEnergy Management System for Demand Response Applications It
provides a homeowner the ability to automatically perform smart load controls based on utility signals,
customers preference and load priority. The metering concept is taken from this paper and thus auto-
consumption is calculated according to turning on time of the appliances and specified wattage
consumption of the connected appliance.As proposed by Xiangyang Li ,Weiqiang Zhang ,Hujing5 Design
of Intelligent Home Appliance Control System Based on ARM and ZigBee the designed protomodel uses
ARM processor for Home appliance control.Jinsung Byun, Insung Hong, Byoungjoo Lee, and Sehyun
Park Intelligent Household LED Lighting SystemConsidering Energy Efficiency and User Satisfaction
proposes the light intensity of led light appliances connected being dimmed according to the ambient light.
The proposed protomodel also achieves this dimming of light intensity according to user preference and
ambient light and thus energy management is achieved .

VII.CONCLUSION
The proposed research work will make a protomodel that provide a comfortable home control of
Appliances,Automatic turn off of devices in absence of people in the room,monitoring and display of Per
Day consumption using LCD and use of GSM for alert of consumption to the user and also to contact for
help in case of emergency.The ARM processor PIR sensors and remote control will provide a comfortable
home management which will also provide efficient energy management and reduce wastage of electricity.

VIII.FUTURE SCOPE
The protomodel can be converted into a a more compact easy to use, user friendly unit that can be
incorporated for sale as a consumer electronic product in the market.The research work at present provides
the services for the single phase supply and can be executed for the 3 phase supply. Also the service for
detecting water leakages and gas leakages in the house can also be incorporated.
IX.REFERENCES

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1. Jaeseok Yun, and Min-Hwan Song Detecting Direction of Movement Using Pyroelectric Infrared
Sensors IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 14, NO. 5 ,2014
2. Ying-Wen Bai, Chen-Chien Cheng and Zi-Li Xie Use of Ultrasonic Signal Coding and PIR
Sensors to Enhance the Sensing Reliability of an Embedded Surveillance System published in
system conference (Syscon),2013 IEEE international conference
3. Wang Huiyong, Wang Jingyang, Huang Min Building a Smart Home System with WSN and
Service Robot 2013 Fifth Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.
4 M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn and S. Rahman. Hardware Demonstration of a HomeEnergy
Management System for Demand Response Applications IEEE Transactions On Smart Grid, Vol.
3, No. 4,july 2013
5 Xiangyang Li ,Weiqiang Zhang ,Hujing Design of Intelligent Home Appliance Control System
Based on ARM and ZigBee Consumer electronics communication and network ,2nd international
conference201
6. Dae-MAN Han and Jae-Hyun Lim Smart Home Energy Management System using IEEE 802.15.4
And Zigbee IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.56, No.3,pp-1403-1410
7. Jinsung Byun, Insung Hong, Byoungjoo Lee, and Sehyun Park Intelligent Household LED
Lighting SystemConsidering Energy Efficiency and User Satisfaction IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 1, February 2013 PP-70-76

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