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CIRCULAR MEASURES
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 Circular Measures

CHAPTER 8 : CIRCULAR MEASURES

8.1 Radian

(a) Unit for angle

(i) Degree and minute [ 1o = 60]
(ii) Radian

(b) Radian - 1 radian ( 1 Rad.) is angle that subtended at the center of a circle by an equal in
length to the radius of the circle.
A

r
r
O
r Angle AOB = 1 rad
B

Circumfere nce of a circle

Angle of a whole turn =
Radius

2 r
= = 2 rad
r

(c) The relation between degree and radian.

rad = 180o 180 o

1 rad = 1 o= rad
180

8.1.1 Converting measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.

180 o


Radian Degrees 180 o
1 rad = = __________

1 o= rad = _________
180

180 o

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 Circular Measures

Exercise 1:
1. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians (in terms of )
(a) Example: (b) 45o = (c) 60o =
30
30o = 4 3
180 6

(d) 75o = (e) 90o = (f) 270o =

5 3
12 2 2

2. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians

(a) Example: (b) 25o = (c) 75o12 =
15
15o = 3.142 0.2618
180 [0.4364] [1.3123]

(d) 65o15= (e) 150o = (f) 115o =

[1.1390] [2.6183] [2.0074]

(g) 26o = (h) 8.5o = (i) 325o =

[0.4538] [0.1484] [5.6731]

(j) 95o 20 = (k) 65o 32= (l) 315o =

[1.6641] [1.1440] [0.5570]

3. Convert each of the following angles to degrees.

(a) Example: 2 3
(b) rad = (c) rad =
3 4
rad = 180 30
6 6 [120] [135]

7 7 2
(d) rad = (e) rad = (f) rad =
4 6 4
[315] [210] [90]

(g) 0.6 rad = (h) 4.32 rad = (i) 5.12 rad =

[34.37] [247.59] [293.32]

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 Circular Measures

8.2 Arc Length of a Circle

A
r
arc length, s r , = radian
O

Exercise 1:
1. In the following circle, calculate length of arc, s.

A
5cm s r
5(0.9)
O 0.9 rad
4.5cm

2. Calculate the length of arc S which subtends an angle of 20o at the center of a circle of radius
5 cm. (Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)

5 cm
S
O 20O

[1.75cm]
3. Calculate the length of the major arc PQ of the circle below. Give the answer correct to 3
decimal places.

O
8 cm
o
60

Q P
8 cm
[41.894cm]

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 Circular Measures

4. Find the length of the minor arc, S which subtends an angle of 65o 36 at the center of a circle
of radius 6 cm.

6 cm

O 65o36 S

[6.871cm]
5. The radius of its circle is 4.2 cm and the angle that subtends of the minor arc is 1.4rad. Find
the length of the major arc AB.

O 1.4 rad

[20.513cm]
6. The length of the minor arc of the circle which radius 12 cm is 20.4 cm. Calculate the angle
that subtends at the center.(Give the answer in degrees and minutes)

12 cm
20.4 cm
O

[9723]

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 Circular Measures

Exercise 2:
1. Given that the length of arc, S of the circle is 6 cm. Find its radius.

r
S
O 30o

[11.458cm]
2. Calculate the radius of the circle below if the length of arc AB is 14 cm.

O 2.8 rad

B
[5cm]

3. Given that the length of major arc PQ is 31.5 cm. Find the angle, below.
P
31.5 cm
7 cm

[102.2]

4. Given that the length of the minor arc of the circle which subtends an angle 45o at the center is
15 cm. Find its radius. Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.

15 cm
O 45o

[19.1cm]

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 Circular Measures

8.2.1 Finding the perimeter of segment of a circle.

1 Find the perimeter of the shaded segment in each of the following diagram.

Example (a)
A A M B
x O
2.1rad B
7cm
5cm
O 51.56
7cm
O
1.8rad B
O

A A B

s r 5(2.1) 10.5cm
x
sin 60.15
5
x 5sin 60.15 4.3367cm
AB 2 x 2(4.3367) 8.6734cm
Perimeter 8.6734 10.5
23.566cm
[23.566cm]

(b) (c)
B O
B

2.2rad O
O
O
5cm
10cm 115
A A
A
B A B

[39.82cm] [18.434cm]

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 Circular Measures

8.3 Area of Sector of A Circle

8.3.1 Determining area of a sector, radius and angle subtended at the center of a circle.

P
A = Area of a sector
r r = radius
Q
A
1 2
r = angle in radian
O 2

r
R
Note :
1 PQR is a minor arc and PSR is a major arc.
2 The shaded part is a sector minor and the left part is a sector major.

Exercise 1 :

1 Calculate the area of the shaded sector of each of the following diagram.

Example: (a)
1 2
4cm
A r
2
O
1 6cm
O
1.2 rad
(4) 2 (1.2) A 2.2 rad
B
2
9.6cm 2
[39.6cm2]

(b) (c)

10cm
1.5 rad
O
4.8rad
9cm O

[240cm2] [190.88cm2]
(d) (e)
B

6cm O 200
135
O 10cm
A
\

[42.426cm2] [174.55cm2]

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 Circular Measures

Exercise 2 :
1. Solve each of the following problems:
Example: (a)
Given the area and Given the area and
the angle of the the angle of the
shaded region OAB A shaded region
r O
B
_
is 100cm2 and OAB is 25cm2 and
_A 3.5 rad respectively. O 2 rad respectively.
Find r. Find OA.

1 2 B
r (3.5) 100
2
100(2)
r2 57.1429
3.5
r 57.1429 7.56cm

[5cm]

(b) (c)
Given the area and Given the area of
A the angle of the _B the shaded region
shaded region OAB is 72.7cm2
OAB is 160cm2 and OA=7cm.
O and 2.5 rad O Find the angle .
respectively.
_A
Find OB.
B

[11.31cm] [2.967rad]
(d) (e)
Given the area of Given the area of
the shaded region the shaded region
is 140cm2 and A is 31.5 cm2 and

OB = 8 cm. OA = 6cm .
O
A O Find the angle . Find the angle .
B
B

[4.375rad]
[1.75rad]

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 Circular Measures

8.3.2 Area of a segment

A Area of segment =Area of AOB Area of triangle AOB

r
1 2 1 2
= r r sin
2 2
=
1
Area of segment = r 2 ( sin )
2

Exercise 1:
1 Calculate the area of the segment of each of the following.
Example: (a)
45
A

A 45 0.7855
6cm
180 4cm

rad
Area of segment 3
45 O O

1
(6) 2 (0.7855 sin 45) B

B
2
1.411cm 2

[1.448cm2]
(b) (c)
A
A
8cm 10cm
O
rad O 2.4rad
2

B B

[18.272cm2] [86.21cm2]
(d) (e)
B A A
8cm
80
9cm
O 130
O

[16.65cm2]
[48.09cm2]

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 Circular Measures

Past Year Questions:

R
1 SPM 2003(P1)

Diagram shows a sector ROS with center O.

O S 0.8153rad
R S is 25 cm. Find the
The length of the arc RS is 7.24 cm and the perimeter of the sector ROS
value of , in rad. [ 3 marks ]

2 SPM 2004 (P1)

Diagram shows a circle with center O.

A

O 0.354 rad

Given that the length of the major arc AB is 45.51 cm, find the length, in cm, of the
radius.(Use = 3.142 ) [ 3 marks ]
r= 7.675 cm

3 SPM 2005 (P1)

Diagram shows a circle with center O.

(a) 1.222 rad

O (b) r = 13.09 cm

The length of the minor arc AB is 16 cm and the angle of the major sector AOB is 290o.
Using = 3.142 , find

(a) the value of , in radians

(Give your answer correct to four significant figures)
(b) the length, in cm, of the radius of the circle. [ 3 marks ]

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