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    (HANDOUT) Phar 112 Lab - Fecalysis and Fecal Occult Blood Test

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    Han Solo
    A fecalysis examines a stool sample to help diagnose conditions of the digestive tract. It includes macroscopic and microscopic tests. Macroscopically, normal stool is brown, formed, and contains no blood, mucus, or parasites. Microscopically, normal stool contains no white blood cells, red blood cells, undigested food, or parasite eggs. A fecal occult blood test screens for colorectal cancer by detecting hidden blood in stool through a chemical reaction. Positive results may indicate cancer, ulcers, inflammation, or other gastrointestinal issues. Factors like diet, medication use, and improper testing can impact results.

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    (HANDOUT) Phar 112 Lab - Fecalysis and Fecal Occult Blood Test

    Uploaded by

    Han Solo
    1K views2 pages
    A fecalysis examines a stool sample to help diagnose conditions of the digestive tract. It includes macroscopic and microscopic tests. Macroscopically, normal stool is brown, formed, and contains no blood, mucus, or parasites. Microscopically, normal stool contains no white blood cells, red blood cells, undigested food, or parasite eggs. A fecal occult blood test screens for colorectal cancer by detecting hidden blood in stool through a chemical reaction. Positive results may indicate cancer, ulcers, inflammation, or other gastrointestinal issues. Factors like diet, medication use, and improper testing can impact results.

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    Fecalysis

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    [HANDOUT] Phar 112 Lab - Fecalysis and Fecal Occult Blood Test

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    A fecalysis examines a stool sample to help diagnose conditions of the digestive tract. It includes macroscopic and microscopic tests. Macroscopically, normal stool is brown, formed, and contains no blood, mucus, or parasites. Microscopically, normal stool contains no white blood cells, red blood cells, undigested food, or parasite eggs. A fecal occult blood test screens for colorectal cancer by detecting hidden blood in stool through a chemical reaction. Positive results may indicate cancer, ulcers, inflammation, or other gastrointestinal issues. Factors like diet, medication use, and improper testing can impact results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views2 pages

    (HANDOUT) Phar 112 Lab - Fecalysis and Fecal Occult Blood Test

    Uploaded by

    Han Solo
    A fecalysis examines a stool sample to help diagnose conditions of the digestive tract. It includes macroscopic and microscopic tests. Macroscopically, normal stool is brown, formed, and contains no blood, mucus, or parasites. Microscopically, normal stool contains no white blood cells, red blood cells, undigested food, or parasite eggs. A fecal occult blood test screens for colorectal cancer by detecting hidden blood in stool through a chemical reaction. Positive results may indicate cancer, ulcers, inflammation, or other gastrointestinal issues. Factors like diet, medication use, and improper testing can impact results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Fecalysis

    A fecalysis is a series of tests done on a stool sample to help MACROSCOPIC


    diagnose certain conditions affecting the digestive tract, which NormalValuesorResults
    can include infections (such as from parasites, viruses, or amount:100200g/24h(100200g/d)
    bacteria),poornutrientabsorption,orcancer. color:Brown(stercobilin)
    SPECIMENCOLLECTION consistency: formed; normal to see fiber, vegetable skins, and
    SPECIMEN:freshstool seeds
    VOLUMEOFSPECIMEN:thumb/peanutsize(3-5grams) sizeandshape:tubular/cylindrical
    CONTAINER: clean/sterile, dry, non breakable, sealable, and leak grossblood,mucus,pus,parasites:None
    proofwidemouthscrewcapcontainer OtherResults
    SPECIMENCOLLECTIONANDTRANSPORT:
    Characteristic Result Indication
    1. Collectfresh,diarrhealstoolandplaceitinthecontainer.
    - The patient shouldunderstandthatthespecimenshould yellow,yellow severediarrhea
    notbecontaminatedwith: green,orgreen
    urine-affectsdetectionofprotozoa black bleedingintheupperGIT
    tissuepaper maroon,red,or bleedingofthelowerGITfromtumors,
    toilet water - contains chemicals or cleaning pink hemorrhoids,fissures,oran
    agents Color inflammatoryprocess
    2. Label the specimen with patients full name, date, andtime
    clay biliaryobstruction
    ofcollection. (tan-gray-white)
    3. Observemacroscopically. pale(greasy) pancreaticdeficiencycausing
    4. Observemicroscopically(directlightmicroscopy). malabsorptionoffat
    - Place 1 drop of normal saline solution into the slides,
    hard constipation(scybala);high-meatdiet
    using the applicator stick to spread the sample in the
    Consistency soft increasedfecalcontent;high-vegetable
    slideandmix.
    diet
    RESULTS watery diarrhea,steatorrhea
    MICROSCOPIC present strainingduringbowelmovements,
    NormalResults Presenceof otherGITdiseases(e.g.Crohnsdisease)
    WBC&RBC:none Mucus
    fat:colorless,neutralfat(18%)andfattyacidcrystals&soaps
    undigestedfood,meat,starch,trypsin:nonetosmallamount
    eggsandsegmentsofparasites:none
    bacteriaandviruses:none
    yeasts:none

    PHAR112LAB-PH5 KATEA.PILAPIL
    FECALOCCULTBLOODTEST(ChemicalTest)

    Occult blood refers to blood that is hidden and undetectable by


    the human eye. The main diagnostic value of occultbloodtesting ClinicalImplications
    istoscreenforcolorectalcancer. 1. dark red to tarry black stool - indicates a loss of 50.0 to
    75.0mLofbloodfromtheupperGIT
    Procedure 2. A stool sample should be considered grossly bloody only
    1. Obtain a random stool specimen. Tests for detecting fecal afterachemicaltestingforpresenceofblood.
    blood use the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin 3. Positive testing for occult blood may be caused by the
    reacting with hydrogen peroxide to oxidize a colorless followingconditions:
    compoundtoacoloredone(usuallyblue). a. Carcinomaofcolon
    2. Apply a thin smear of stool using a wood applicator stick b. Ulcerativecolitisandotherinflammatorylesions
    and allow it to dry. If stool is bloody, the collectormaybe c. Adenoma
    atriskforhepatitisB,hepatitisC,orHIVinfection. d. Diaphragmatichernia
    3. Protect the slide from light, heat, and humidity. Do not e. GastricorRectalcarcinoma
    refrigerate. f. Pepticulcer
    4. Do not allow the delay between smearing the stool and g. Gastritis
    testing to exceed 14 days. Do not refrigerate sample before h. Vasculitis
    testing. i. Amyloidosis
    j. Kaposissarcoma
    Indicators:
    Benzidine - most sensitive but carcinogenic so no longer
    used References:
    Orthotolidine-2ndinsensitivity
    Guaiac - least sensitive, INDICATOR OF CHOICE, eliminates Fischbach, F. & Dunning, M. (2009). A Manual of Laboratory and
    falsepositivecausedbydietaryfactors Diagnostic Tests (8th Ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott
    Williams&Wilkins,286-309
    False(+)-salicylatesandironsupplements
    False(-)-antacidsandascorbicacid

    Factorsaffectingtesting
    impropercollection
    contamination(menstrualorhemorrhoidalblood)
    Defectiveguaiacorperoxidedeveloper
    Storageoffecalspecimenorslidesbeyond6days

    PHAR112LAB-PH5 KATEA.PILAPIL

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