Anglo Spanish University Institute

Academic Preparatory Level

English II
"Australia"
Teacher Lizeth Naranjo
Litzy Paola Navarro Tinoco
Adolfo Antonio Hernandez Garcia
2nd Semester
Group C

Australia
Australia officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Oceanian country
comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and
numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area.
Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to
the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to
the south-east.

Pronounced Australian English, the name Australia is derived from the Latin
australis, meaning "southern". The country has been referred to colloquially as Oz
since the early 20th century. Aussie is a common colloquial term for "Australian".
States and territories

Australia has six statesNew South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South
Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)and
two major mainland territoriesthe Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the
Northern Territory (NT).

Geography and Climate

Australia's land mass of 7,617,930 square kilometers (2,941,300 sq mi) is on the

Indo-Australian Plate. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans. The world's
smallest continent and sixth largest country by total area, Australia owing to its
size and isolation is often dubbed the "island continent", and is sometimes
considered the world's largest island.

Australia's size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with tropical rainforests in the
north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert
in the center. It is the flattest continent, with the oldest and least fertile soils.

The climate of Australia is significantly influenced by ocean currents, is correlated

with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low-pressure system that produces
cyclones in northern Australia. These factors cause rainfall to vary markedly from
year to year. Much of the northern part of the country has a tropical; predominantly
summer-rainfall (monsoon) climate. Much of the southeast is temperate.
Environment

Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly

eucalyptus trees in the less arid regions.

Among well-known Australian animals are the monotremes (the platypus and
echidna); a host of marsupials, including the kangaroo, koala, and wombat, and
birds such as the emu and the kookaburra. Australia is home to many
dangerous animals including some of the most venomous snakes in the world.
 Historical Background

The history of Australia began when the man

reached the Australian continent from north over
42,000 years ago. However, its written history did
not begin until the Dutch explorers sighted in the
seventeenth century. However, they said implied
that the southern land was uninhabitable and
therefore not colonized, leaving the way open for
subsequent British expeditions way. The
interpretation of Australian history is still an issue
today, particularly as regards the treatment of
Indigenous Australians by European settlers.

The first written about the discovery of the Australian

continent by European explorers date from the early seventeenth century. The first
European sighting of the continent was made in 1606 by the Dutch navigator
Willem Janszoon, who sailed the Gulf of Carpentaria on his boat Duyfken, sighting
and landing on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula fthagnense. However, some
historians claim the Spanish expedition of Pedro Fernandez de Quiros sighted the
Australian continent few months earlier. In fact, the navigator Luis Vaez de Torres
belonging to the issuance of Quiros, was the first to map the strait that bears his
name: the Torres Strait. Moreover, the name of the country and continent
"Australia". Other writers have argued that Portuguese navigators may have
discovered Australia even before, in the sixteenth century.
In 1770, Endeavour expedition under the command of Lieutenant in the Royal
Navy James Cook sailed and mapped the east coast of Australia, landing on the
continent for the first time in Botany Bay on April 29 of that year. Cook then headed
north and, before leaving, landed on Possession Island in the Torres Strait, on
August 22, 1770. There formally claimed the east coast of Australia for the
Kingdom of Great Britain and named it New South Wales from the South. Since
Cook's discoveries made possible the first European settlement on the continent, is
often popularly conceived as the discoverer of the southern land, but the real
discovery over 160 years occurred before the trip of Cook.

On his return to England, favorable reports on these lands made during the
expedition generated interest on Australia to
be considered as the potential solution to the
problem of overpopulation criminal in Britain,
which had been compounded by the loss of
his thirteen American colonies 4 that had
been the destination for transportation of
convicts. Therefore, the March 13, 1787,
eleven boats First Fleet left Portsmouth,
England, to Botany Bay.

One reason to establish an English colony in

New South Wales in 1788 was to make an
attempt to use the skins of the Northwest
Coast of America to open trade with Japan. During the decade 1785-1795, the
British traders
encouraged by the
President of the
Royal Society, Sir
Joseph Banks, and
supported by his
Government, made
a constant attempt
to develop this
business.

Within the British

Crown Colony of
New South Wales,
a settlement and penal colony at Port Jackson (now part of Sydney) founded by
Captain Arthur Phillip on 26 January 1788. This date was established would
become a national holiday called Australia Day. The Van Diemen's Land, now
known as Tasmania, was founded in 1803 and became a separate colony in 1825.
The United Kingdom claimed as his own the western part of Australia in 1829.

Cultural Background

The culture of Australia is essentially a Western culture influenced by the unique

geography of the Australian continent, the diverse input
of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples,
the British colonization of Australia that began in
1788, and the various waves of multi-ethnic
migration that followed.

Religion: Australia has no official state religion and

the Australian Constitution prohibits the Commonwealth government
from establishing a church or interfering with the freedom of religion.

Language: Although Australia has no official language, it is

largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. Australian
English is a major variety of the language which is immediately distinguishable
from British, American, and other national dialects by virtue of its unique accents,
pronunciations, idioms and vocabulary, although its spelling more closely reflects
British versions rather than American.

Music: The nation has an active tradition of music, ballet and theater; many
performing arts companies receive public funding through the Australia Council for
the Arts. There is an orchestra in each capital city and a national opera company,
Opera Australia, which gained importance due to the opera singer Joan Sutherland
Dame Cathedral; Australia's music includes classical music, jazz and many other
genres of popular music.
Cinema: The Cinema of Australia has achieved commercial and critical success.
By the mid-seventies there was a radical change in the Australian film poltica.
After years of development of an internal market,
the need to break down national barriers to
achieve downsizing of the industry had. With
strong support from private companies and public
bodies, the Australian cinema got an immediate
international impact.

Visual Arts: Australia has a long history in relation

to the visual arts that begins with cave paintings created by the Indians. From the
time of European settlement the Australian landscape has been a common theme
in the national art, which is evident in the work of Arthur Streeton, Arthur Boyd and
Albert Namatjira, among others.

Gastronomy: Contemporary Australian cuisine combines British and Indian origins

with Mediterranean and Asian influences. The Australian abundant natural
resources provide access to a variety of quality meats and roast beef or lamb meat
outdoors is an established national tradition. The vast majority of Australians live in
close proximity to the sea and Australian restaurants serving seafood are among
the best in the world.

Architecture: Contemporary Australian

architecture includes a number of other iconic
structures, including the Harbour Bridge in
Sydney and Parliament House, Canberra.
Significant
architects who have worked in Australia include
Governor Lachlan Macquarie's colonial
architect, Francis Greenway; the ecclesiastical
architect William Wardell; the designer of Canberra's
layout, Walter Burley Griffin; the modernist Harry
Seidler; and Jrn Utzon, designer of the Sydney
Opera House.
The National Trust of Australia is a non-governmental
organisation charged with protecting Australia's built
heritage.
 Recipes

Barramundi with Mango Salsa

Barramundi fillets served with a fresh summer mango salsa.

Ingredients:

4 serves Barramundi Fillets

1 large ripe Mango, peeled and diced

1 Kiwi Fruit, peeled and diced

1 large ripe Avocado

1/4 small Red Onion, finely diced,

or 2 Spring Onions, finely sliced

1/4 cup Fresh Coriander, chopped

1/4 cup Fresh Parsley, chopped

Juice of 1 Lime

Method:

1. Prepare salsa by gently mixing together all ingredients in a bowl.

2. Heat barbecue or grill and cook barramundi fillets for 3-4 minutes each side
or until cooked to liking.
3. Serve your cooked fish with a side of salsa.
Fish and chips by the beach

Ingredients:

6 medium yellow, waxy potatoes, peeled and cut into even-sized fries

3 cups of canola or vegetable oil

Sea salt for sprinkling

1 2/3 cups of self-raising flour

1/2 tsp of sea salt

1 cup of cold beer

1/2 cup of cold water

8 small, boneless white fish fillets

Lemon wedges for serving

Method:

1. In a medium mixing bowl, sift together the flour and salt. Use a whisk to mix
in the beer and enough cold water so that the batter resembles thick cream.

2. Peel and cut the potatoes Place potato slices on a paper towel and pat dry to
drain any moisture.

3. Place oil in a deep saucepan and heat over a high heat. Once the oil starts
swirling, fry the first half of the chips in batches for 3-4 minutes until they start to
go golden. Remove chips with a slotted metal spoon and drain on paper towels.
Repeat process with the second batch of chips. Remove and drain on paper
towels.

4. Cook fish, turning occasionally, for 4-5 minutes or until golden brown and
cooked through.