Fall

08

Trigonometry

Mathematics Department
Leadership Public Schools
Richmond
Richmond, California
January 2016
 Trigonometry
I can convert degree measurements to minutes and seconds, and
vice versa.

1. Convert 135.121 into degrees/minutes/seconds form.

2. Convert into degrees/minutes/seconds form.

3. You are navigating your boat to the Aleutian Islands, a group of

islands off the coast of Russia in the Bering Sea. You know that
the Aleutian Islands are located at longitude 14O.5776 E.
Your boats GPS only reads longitudes in
degrees/minutes/seconds form. Convert the
longitude into
degrees/minutes/seconds form so that you may
navigate to your destination.

4. Convert 25O1545 into decimal degree form

5. Is 14O.5776 equivalent to 14O.5779 when

you convert both to degrees/minutes/ seconds
form? Why or why not?

6. Convert into degrees/minutes/seconds form.

7. Convert 12.347 into degrees/minutes/seconds form.

8. Is 102044 equivalent to 102049 when you

convert both into decimal degree form? Why or why not?

I can identify angles that are coterminal with

a given angle.

1. Is 185 coterminal with 545?

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 Trigonometry
2. Is 145.67 coterminal with 505.67?
3. Convert both 145.67 and 505.67 into degrees/minutes/seconds form. Are
they still coterminal?

4. Find an angle that is coterminal with -230. How many possible answers
are there to this problem?

5. Find an angle between 0 and 360 that is coterminal with

390. How many possible answers are there to this problem?

6. Is 30 coterminal with 60?

7. Is -60 coterminal with 300?
8. Find TWO angles that are coterminal with 640.
9. Coterminal is a word that exists only in math. Break down the work
coterminal into co- and terminal. Look up the work terminal and
the prefix co-. Why do you think the mathematician who invented
this idea decided to call it coterminal?

I can convert degrees into radian form and vice versa.

1. Draw a picture of what 120 looks like in a unit circle. Convert 120
to radian form.

2. Draw a picture of what 2 looks like in a unit circle. Convert 2 to

degree form.

3. Draw a picture of what 6 looks like in a unit circle. Convert 6 to

degree form.
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 Trigonometry

3
4. Convert to degree form.
4

25
5. Find an angle that is coterminal with . Write your answer in either
36
degree form or radian form.

6. Megan is running on a circular track that has a radius of 1 mile. Megan

runs until her starting point and her ending point have created a 395 angle.
What distance did Megan run?

7. Draw a unit circle and label 0 ,90 , 180 , 270 ,360 .

3
8. Draw a unit circle and label , , ,2 .
2 2

I can model the height of a Ferris wheel over time.

1. Suppose a Ferris wheel has a diameter of 150 feet. From your

viewpoint, the Ferris wheel is rotating counterclockwise. We will refer to
a rotation through a full 360 as a turn.
a. Create a sketch of the height of a person that starts at the bottom
of the wheel and continues for two turns.
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 Trigonometry
b. Create a graph that models this situation. Label your x-axis as
Number of rotations, and your y-axis as Height.

2. Suppose a Ferris wheel has a diameter of 600 feet. From your

viewpoint, the Ferris wheel is rotating counterclockwise.
c. Create a sketch of the height of a car that starts at the bottom of
the wheel and continues for two turns.
d. Create a graph that models this situation. Label your x-axis as
Number of rotations, and your y-axis as Height.

3. How does your graph change when the diameter of the wheel changes?

4. Suppose a Ferris wheel has a diameter of 600 feet. From your

viewpoint, the Ferris wheel is rotating counterclockwise.
a. Your friends board the Ferris wheel. Their car is in
the three oclock position when the ride begins.
Create a sketch of the height of your friends car
for two turns.
b. Create a graph that models this situation.
Label your x-axis as Number of rotations, and
your y-axis as Height.

I can model the height of a Ferris wheel over time.

1. A small pebble is lodged in the tread of a tire with radius 25 cm.

Sketch the height of the pebble above the ground as the tire rotates
counterclockwise through 5 turns. Start your graph when the pebble
is at the 3 oclock position. Be sure to label your axes appropriately.

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 Trigonometry
a. Describe how the function and its graph would change if the tires
radius was 24 inches instead of 25 cm.
b. Describe how the function and its graph would change if the wheel
was turning in the opposite direction.

2. Suppose that a Ferris wheel is 40 feet in diameter and rotates

counterclockwise. When a passenger car is at the bottom of the
wheel, it is located 2 feet above the ground.
a. Sketch a graph of a function that represents the height of a
passenger car that starts at the 3 oclock position on the wheel for
one turn. Be sure to label your axes appropriately.

3. (Copy the image into your notebook) Each point on the circle
represents a passenger car on a Ferris wheel.
a. Draw segments that represent the height of each
car. Which cars have a positive height? Which
cars have a negative height?
b. List the points in order of increasing height;
that is, list the point with the smallest height
first and the point with the largest height last.

4. (Use the same image to answer question 4) Each

point on the circle represents a passenger car on a
Ferris wheel.
a. Draw segments that represent the co-height of each car. Which
cars have a positive co-height? Which cars have a negative co-
height?
b. List the points in order of increasing co-height; that is, list the point
with the smallest co-height first and the point with the largest co-
height last.

I can model the height of a Ferris wheel over time.

1. The Seattle Great Wheel, with an overall height of 175 feet, was
the tallest Ferris wheel on the West Coast at the time of its

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 Trigonometry
construction in 2012. For this problem, assume that
the diameter of the wheel is 175 feet.
a. Draw a picture that shows the position of
a person who rotates counterclockwise
on the Ferris wheel at 45-degree
intervals.
b. Sketch a graph of a function that
represents the height of a
passenger car that starts at the 3 oclock position on the
wheel for one turn. Label your x-axis as Degrees of
rotations, and your y-axis as Height.
c. Sketch a graph of a function that represents the co- height
of a passenger car that starts at the 3 oclock position on
the wheel for one turn. Label your x-axis as Degrees of
rotations, and your y-axis as Co- height.

2. How can you identify the radius of the wheel from your height
graph? How can you identify the radius of the wheel from your co-
height graph?

3. Consider a Ferris wheel with radius of 40 feet that is rotating

counterclockwise. At which amounts of rotation are the values of
the height and co-height functions equal?
4. Joaquin is on a passenger car of a Ferris wheel at the 3 oclock
position. The wheel then rotates 135 degrees counterclockwise
and gets stuck. Emily argues that she can compute the value of
the co-height of Joaquins car if she is given the following piece of
information:

ii. The diameter of the Ferris wheel.

I can define sine and cosine as functions inside a unit circle.
1. Suppose that point P is the point on the unit circle obtained
by rotating the initial ray through 30 . Find sin(30 ) and
cos ( 30 ) .

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 Trigonometry
a. What is the length OQ of the horizontal leg of
our triangle?
b. What is the length QP of the vertical leg
of our triangle?
1.

2. Suppose that P is the point on the unit circle

obtained by rotating the initial ray through 45 .
a. What is the length OQ of the horizontal leg
of our triangle?
b. What is the length QP of the vertical leg of our
triangle?
c. Find sin ( 45 ) and cos ( 45 ) .
2.

3. Suppose that P is the point on the unit circle obtained by

rotating the initial ray through 60 . Find sin ( 60 ) and cos ( 60 ) .

4. Suppose that P is the point on the unit circle obtained by

rotating the initial ray counterclockwise through 120 degrees. Find
sin ( 120 ) and cos( 120 ) .

5. Suppose that P is the point on the unit circle obtained by rotating the
initial ray counterclockwise through 240 . Find sin ( 240 ) and
cos(240 ) .

6. Suppose that P is the point on the unit circle obtained by rotating

the initial ray counterclockwise through 330 degrees. Find sin ( 330 )
and cos(330 ) .

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 Amount
Trigonometry
of
rotatio
n, cos( ) sin( )
, in
degree
s
I can define 120 sine and
cosine as functions
inside a unit 135 circle.
150
1. Copy this chart into 225 your
notebook. Write in the values of
the sine and cosine 240 functions for
the indicated 300 values of .

2. Suppose 0<< 90 330 and

2
sin ( )= . What is the
2
value of ?

3. Find cos(405) and sin(405).

4. Find cos(840) and sin(840).

5. Find cos(2115) and sin(2115).

6. Find cos(30) and sin(30).

7. Find cos(135) and sin(135).

8. Find cos(1320) and sin(1320).

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 Amount
Trigonometry
of
rotatio
n, cos( ) sin( )
, in
, in
degree tan(
degrees
s
120 1. 2. 0
0
1. Label the missing 135 side lengths,
and find the value 3. 4. of tan ( ) in
the following right 150 30 1 triangles.
225 3
240 5. 6.
45
300
7. 8.
330 60

9. 10.
90
2. Copy this table into your notebook.
Fill in the missing 11. values.
12.
120

13.
14.
3. Rotate the initial ray 135 about the origin
30 degrees. Draw a sketch of the unit
circle and label the 15.
16.
coordinates of
point P where the 150 terminal ray
intersects the unit circle. What is
the slope of the terminal ray?

4. Rotate the initial ray about the origin 45 degrees. Draw a sketch of the
unit circle and label the coordinates of point P where the terminal ray
intersects the unit circle. What is the slope of the terminal ray?

5. Rotate the initial ray about the origin 60 degrees. Draw a sketch of the
unit circle and label the coordinates of point P where the terminal ray
intersects the unit circle. What is the slope of the terminal ray?
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 Trigonometry

6. Now that you have shown that the value of the tangent function is
equal to the slope of the terminal ray, would you prefer using the name
tangent function or slope function? Why do you think we use tangent
instead of slope as the name of the tangent function?
I can define tangent as a function inside a unit circle.

1. Scott, whose eye level is 1.5 m above the

ground, stands 30 m from a tree. The
angle of elevation of a bird at the top of the
tree is 36 . How far above ground is the
bird?

2. From an angle of depression of

40 , John watches his friend
approach his building while standing
on the rooftop. The rooftop is 16 m
from the ground, and Johns eye
level is at about 1.8 m from the
rooftop. What is the distance
between Johns friend and the
building?

3. Standing on the gallery of a lighthouse (the deck at the top of a

lighthouse), a person spots a ship at an angle of depression of 20 .
The lighthouse is 28 m tall and sits on a cliff 45 m tall as
measured from sea level. What is the horizontal distance between
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 Trigonometry
the lighthouse and the ship? Sketch a diagram to support your
answer.

I can define tangent as a function inside a unit circle.

1. Given the angles of depression below, draw a picture and then determine
the slope of the line with the indicated angle correct to four decimal
places.
e. 35 angle of depression
f. 49 angle of depression
g. 89.9 angle of depression

1. What appears to be happening to the slopes (and tangent values) as

the angles of depression get closer to 90 ?

2. The pitch of a roof on a

home is expressed as a
ratio of
vertical rise :horizontal run
where the run has a length
of 12 units. If a given
roof design includes an angle of elevation of 22.5 and the roof spans
36 ft . as shown in the diagram,
determine the pitch of the roof.
Then, determine the distance along
one of the two sloped surfaces of
the roof.

1. A winch is a tool that rotates a

cylinder, around which a cable is
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2 ft.

14 ft.
 Trigonometry
wound. When the winch rotates in one direction, it draws the cable in.
Nick is using a winch and a pulley (as shown in the diagram) to raise a
heavy box off the floor and onto a cart. The box is 2 ft . tall, and the
winch is 14 ft . horizontally from where cable drops down vertically
from the pulley. The angle of elevation to the pulley is 42 . What is
the approximate length of cable required to connect the winch and the
box?
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

I can graph the sin and cosine functions and analyze the shapes of
these curves.

1. Graph the sine function on the interval [ 0,360 ] showing all key
points of the graph.
2. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the sine and cosine
functions using their graphs.
3. Use the graph of the sine function given below to answer the
following questions.

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 Trigonometry
a. Desmond is trying to
determine the value of
sin(45 ) . He decides
that since 45 is halfway
between 0 and 90
1
that sin( 45 )= . Use
2
the graph to show him
that he is incorrect.

4.Graph the sine function on the interval [ 360, 360 ] showing all key
points of the graph (horizontal and vertical intercepts and maximum
and minimum points). Then, use the graph to answer each of the
following questions.
a On the interval [ 360, 360 ] , what are the relative minima of the
sine function? Why?
b On the interval [ 360, 360 ] , what are the relative maxima of the
sine function? Why?
c On the interval [ 360, 360 ] , for what values of is sin( )=0 ?
Why?
d If we continued to extend the graph in either direction, what would
it look like? Why?
e On the interval [ 90,270 ] , is the graph of the sine function increasing
or decreasing?

9. I can graph the sin and cosine functions and analyze the
shape of these curves.
10.

11. 1. Consider the function y=sin ( ) .

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 Trigonometry
a Copy the table into your notebook and complete the following
table by using either your Trig Reference table or your Unit Circle.

, in
180 135 90 45 0 45 90 135 180
degrees
sin( )

, in
225 270 315 360 405 450 495 540
degrees
sin( )

b Using the values in the table, sketch the graph of the sine
function on the interval [0,360] .

c Extend the graph of the sine function above so that it is graphed

on the interval from [180, 720] .

d For the interval [180, 720] , list the maxima and minima.
e For the interval [180, 720] , list the x-intercepts.
f What is the amplitude? What is the period?

12.

13.

14. I can graph the sin and cosine functions and analyze
the shape of these curves.

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 Trigonometry
15.

16. 2. Consider the function y=cos ( ) .

17. a. Copy the table into your notebook and complete the
following table by using either your Trig Reference table or your
Unit Circle.

, in
180 135 90 45 0 45 90 135 180
degrees
cos( )

, in
225 270 315 360 405 450 495 540
degrees
cos( )

a Using the
values in the
table, sketch
the graph of
the cosine
function on
the interval
[ 0,360 ] .

f Extend the graph of the sine function above so that it is graphed on

the interval from [180, 720] .

b. For the interval [180, 720] , list the maxima and minima.
c. For the interval [180, 720] , what is the y-intercept?
d. What is the amplitude? What is the period?

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 Trigonometry

I can convert from degrees to radians and vice versa.

A circle is defined by a point and a radius. If we start with a circle of

any radius and look at a sector of that circle with an arc length
equal to the length of the radius, then the central angle of that
sector is always the same size. We define a radian to be the
measure of that central angle and denote it by 1 rad .

Thus, a radian measures how far one radius will

wrap around the circle. For any circle, it
takes 2 6.3 radius lengths to wrap
around the circumference. In the figure,
6 radius lengths are shown around the
circle, with roughly 0.3 radius lengths left
over.

2 Convert from degrees to radians: 45

2. Convert from degrees to radians: 33

3. Convert from radians to degrees: rad .
3
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 Trigonometry
19
4. Convert from radians to degrees: rad .
17

5. Copy the table below into your notebook and complete it, converting
from degrees to radians or from radians to degrees as necessary. Leave
your answers with a .
Degrees Radians

45
4
120
5
6
3
2
450

6. Copy this unit circle into your notebook. Fill in all missing radian values.

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 Trigonometry

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23. I can convert from degrees to radians, and vice versa.

24.

25.

1. Convert radians to degrees.
2

2. What is the value of cos ( 34 ) ? Of

sin ( 34 ) ?

8
3. Does cos ( 23 ) = cos(
3
)? Why or
why not?
4. What is the value of cos ( 2 ) ? Of
sin ( 2 ) ?

5. What is the value of cos ( 3 ) ? Of

sin ( 3 ) ?

6. Copy this table into your notebook and

fill it in.

7. Does cos ( 2 ) = cos(

5
2
)? Why or
why not?

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 Trigonometry

8. Convert radians to degrees.
2
9. Convert 630 to radians.
26.

27.

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 Trigonometry

1. For each problem, sketch the graph of the pairs of indicated functions
on the same set of axes without using a calculator or other graphing
technology.
a f ()=sin() , f ()=sin( 4 )
b f ()=sin() , f ()=sin ( ) +2

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 Trigonometry

1 Write a paragraph describing the midline, period,

horizontal shift, vertical
shift and amplitude of
the following graph.

2 Identify the midline,

period, horizontal shift,
vertical shift and
amplitude of the
following graph.

1. Microsoft is one of the most innovative and successful companies in

the history of the world.

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 Trigonometry
28. To the Months Price at right is a table of
Microsoft stock Since Close prices. Microsoft
stock prices Jan. 1, 2003 in dollars have historically
increased over 0 20.24 time, but they
also vary in a 1 19.42 cyclical fashion.
Use GeoGebra 2 18.25 to create a
scatter plot of the data for the
3 19.13
monthly stock price for a 15 -
4 19.20
month time period since
January 1, 5 20.91 2003.
6 20.86
a. Take a screenshot of
your graph 7 20.04 and email it to
Ms. Gittell 8 20.30 with the subject
line 9 20.54 Microsoft Stock
Prices. 10 21.94
b. Would a 11 21.87 sine graph be an
appropriate 12 21.51 model for these
data? 13 20.65 Explain your
reasoning. 14 19.84
c. What is the period,
amplitude, and midline of your graph?
d. Looking at your graph, what do you predict that stock price was
in 2009?
2. Below is a graph of the same stock through December 2009. Does
the model you created in GeoGebra accurately predict what happens
in 2009? Why or why not?

29.

30.

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 Trigonometry

I can identify the parameters of a sine function given a graph or

equation.

1. Does the equation match the graph?

Why or why not?
a. f ( x )=3 sin ( x )+ 1

b. f ( ) =sin ( 2 )4

2. Compare f(x)=2sin (x)-3 to its parent function f(x)=sin (x). What

transformations are applied to the graph of f(x)=sin(x) to create the graph
of f(x)=2sin (x)-3 ?

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 Trigonometry

3. Copy the graph to the right into

your notebook. Draw the line on the
coordinate plane that represents
the midline. Mark the start and end
point for one period. Draw a line
segment that represents the amplitude.

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 Trigonometry

I can identify the parameters of a sine function given a graph or

equation.

1 In the classic novel Don Quixote, the title

character famously battles a windmill. In this
problem, you will model what happens when
Don Quixote battles a windmill, and the
windmill wins. Suppose the center of the
windmill is 20 feet off the ground, and the
sails are 15 feet long. Don Quixote is
caught on a tip of one of the sails. The sails
are turning at a rate of one counterclockwise
rotation every 60 seconds.
b. Explain why a sine function could be used
to model Don Quixotes height above the
ground as a function of his angle of
rotation.
c. Sketch a graph of Don Quixotes height
above the ground as a function of his
angle of rotation. Assume that Don Quixote starts in the 3 oclock
position.

1 (Continued from above) What are the amplitude, period, and midline of
the graph? What do the amplitude, period, and midline represent in the
context of the problem?
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 Trigonometry

2 (Continued from above) After he has travelled 180 degrees around the
windmill, Don Quixote fell off the sail and straight down to the ground.
How far did he fall?

3 (Continued from above) Write an equation for the graph. The general
form of a sine equation is () = sin(B( )) + .

I can identify the parameters of a sine function given a graph or

equation.

1. A carnival has a Ferris wheel that is

10 0 feet in diameter. When viewed
from the side where passengers
board, the Ferris wheel rotates
counterclockwise and makes two full
turns each minute. Passengers start
in the 3 oclock position. The 100
bottom of the Ferris wheel is 50 feet
above the ground.
a. Sketch a graph that models the
height of a passenger car as a
function of the angle of rotation.
b. What is the amplitude, A , of the height function for this
Ferris wheel? What is the midline, k , of the height function for
this Ferris wheel?
c. What do the amplitude, period, and midline of the height
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 Trigonometry
function represent in the context of the problem?
d. Write an equation for the height function. The general form of a
sine function is () = sin(B( )) + .

2. A carnival has a Ferris wheel that is 10 0 feet in diameter. When

viewed from the side where passengers board, the Ferris wheel
rotates counterclockwise and makes two full turns each minute.
Passengers start in the 3 oclock position. The bottom of the Ferris
wheel is 50 feet above the ground.
a. Sketch a graph that models the co-height of a passenger car as
a function of the angle of rotation.
b. What is the amplitude, A , of the co-height function for this
Ferris wheel? What is the midline, k , of the co-height function
for this Ferris wheel?
c. Write an equation for the co-height function. The general form of
a sine function is () = sin(B( )) + .
31.

32.

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