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Form 1 Science Chapter 1 2 1 3

This document provides an overview of a science laboratory, including safety rules and common apparatus. It describes keeping the laboratory clean and tidy, following safety rules, and the various hazard symbols used to indicate dangerous substances like poisons, flammables, and corrosives. Common apparatus are also explained, such as Bunsen burners, beakers, pipettes, and their various uses. Steps of the scientific method are outlined as well.

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621 views50 pages

Form 1 Science Chapter 1 2 1 3

This document provides an overview of a science laboratory, including safety rules and common apparatus. It describes keeping the laboratory clean and tidy, following safety rules, and the various hazard symbols used to indicate dangerous substances like poisons, flammables, and corrosives. Common apparatus are also explained, such as Bunsen burners, beakers, pipettes, and their various uses. Steps of the scientific method are outlined as well.

Uploaded by

jayweinx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

2 Your Science Laboratory

Learning outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
work safely in the laboratory
use some common scientific apparatus
in the laboratory
Scientists usually work in a
laboratory.
You will also work in laboratory
when you carry out scientific
investigations during your science
lessons.
Laboratory safety rules
We need to work safely
in the laboratory.

Accidents can happen if


we are careless.
Keep the laboratory clean and tidy
Wash all apparatus
after use.
Report any injured
or breakage to your
teacher
immediately.
o Enter the laboratory without your teachers
permission.
Drink Eat
Taste chemical Play
There are many substances in the
science laboratory. Some of these
substances are hazardous.
We use hazard warning symbols to
show the danger of the substances.
Below are some common hazard warning
symbols.

Poisonous Flammable Corrosive

Irritant Radioactive Explosive


Causes death or harm if
absorbed through the skin,
swallowed or inhaled.

Example : mercury, bromine and


Poisonous sodium cyanide
Burns easily

Flammable Example : ethanol, petrol and


kerosene
Causes damages to skin and
eyes upon contact.

Corrosive Example : concentrated sulphuric


acid and concentrated sodium
hydroxide
Causes discomfort to the body

Example : ammonia and chloroform


Irritant
Gives out radiation ( sinaran )

Radioactive Example : plutonium and uranium


Explodes easily

Example : sodium and potassium


Explosive
Laboratory apparatus

To contain small
amount of chemicals
and for carrying out
reaction

Test tube
Laboratory apparatus

To contain chemicals
and for carrying out
reactions.

Beaker
Laboratory apparatus

To contain chemicals
and for carrying our
reactions.

Conical flask
Laboratory apparatus

To hold or clamp
apparatus

Retort stand
Laboratory apparatus

To measure the volume of


liquids

Measuring cylinder
Laboratory apparatus

Used together
with a folded filter
paper to separate
solids from liquid

Filter funnel
Laboratory apparatus

To measure a small volume of


liquid accurately

Burette
Laboratory apparatus

To measure a fixed volume of a


liquid

1 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml and 25 ml

Pipette
Laboratory apparatus

To place test tubes


while we are not
using them

Test tube rack


Laboratory apparatus

To hold a test tube


while heating

Test tube holder


Laboratory apparatus
Bunsen
burner

Used to heat
things
rubber tubing
Collar base

air-hole heat
proof
mat
chimney
or barrel

Bunsen burner labeled diagram


Luminous flame

Back Non-luminous flame


Luminous flame Non-luminous flame
( yellow flame ) ( blue flame )
Get yellow flame when Get blue flame when the
the air-hole is closed air-hole is open
Flame is easy to see Flame is difficult to see
because it is luminous because it is non-
luminous
Gives out a lot of soot Do not give out soot

Flame is not so hot Flame is very hot


Not suitable for heating Suitable for heating

Back
Next
1. Say whether the following statements are true or
false.

(a)You may eat and drink in the laboratory False


(b)You may enter the laboratory without your
teachers permission. False
(c) You may taste some o f the chemicals in the
False
laboratory
(d)You must report any injured or accident to your
teacher immediately. True
2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

laboratory
(a) Scientists usually work in a _____________.
safety
(b) You must follow the laboratory ______________
rules when working in the laboratory.
hazard warning symbols
(c) We use ___________________________ to show
the danger of hazardous substances.
(d) Concentrated sulphuric acid is an example of a
corrosive
___________________substance.
3. Name the apparatus used for each of the
following purposes :
(a)To hold a hot test tube test tube holder
(b)To place test tubes while we are not using
them test tube rack
(c) To heat things.. Bunsen burner
(d) To measure volume of liquids. measuring
cylinder

(e) To measure a small volume of liquid


accurately.. burette

(f) To measure a fixed volume of liquid...... pipette


(g) To hold or clamp apparatus...
retort
stand
(h) To contain chemicals and for carrying out
reactions beaker and

conical flask
1. How do we get a yellow flame?
Close the air-hole in Bunsen burner.

2. How do we get a blue flame?


Open the air-hole in Bunsen burner.
3. Which flame is hotter?
Blue flame (non-luminous flame ).

4. Which flame gives out a lot of soot?

Yellow flame ( luminous flame ).


5. Which flame is suitable for heating?

Blue flame ( non-luminous flame ).

6. Which flame is easier to be seen?

Yellow flame ( luminous flame ).


Scientists use scientific method when
carrying out scientific investigations.

Scientists follow the steps in the scientific


method to make sure that what they do is
systematic and their observations are
reliable.
The steps in a scientific investigation are explained
below :

Step 1 > Identifying the problem

Step 2 > Making a hypothesis ( smart guess )

Step 3 > Planning the experiment

Step 4 > Controlling the variables


Step 5 > Collecting data

Conduct
Step 6 > Analysing and interpreting the data experiment

Step 7 > Making a conclusion

Step 8 > Writing a report

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